技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种平面波导光学器件，特别是一种带有屈光度矫正的可用于全眼穿戴显示的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件。The invention relates to a planar waveguide optical device, in particular to a tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device with diopter correction that can be used for full-eye wearable display.
背景技术Background technique
传统的头盔穿戴显示采用45°反射式的结构来实现。这种结构在视场增大和头盔的整体重量方面存在着很大的矛盾。为了增加视场，只有通过增加45°反射面的面积来实现，这意味着整体反射系统的重量增加。通常，头盔穿戴显示设备为了方便穿戴者在浏览信息的同时不影响正常的行为方式，利用光学元件将图像信息虚拟地显示在人眼前方的一定距离处。此类光学显示系统的核心组件由三部分组成：图形信息光波耦合输入组件、信息光波传输衬底以及图像光波耦合输出显示组件。另外，对于视力有问题的观察者来说，屈光度矫正也是必须的，否则将影响最终观察图像的清晰度。因此，屈光度矫正、重量轻、结构紧凑、大视场以及高分辨率的图像显示一直是此类光学系统亟待解决的关键问题。其中，屈光度矫正、重量轻和大视场尤为重要。在某些应用领域，观察视场范围的大小直接影响到人员的安全以及观察者获取信息的完整性，同时显示系统的重量和屈光度矫正对于佩戴者的舒服程度和图像的清晰度都有很大的影响。The traditional helmet-mounted display is realized by a 45° reflective structure. This structure has a great contradiction between the increase of the field of view and the overall weight of the helmet. In order to increase the field of view, it can only be achieved by increasing the area of the 45° reflective surface, which means that the weight of the overall reflective system increases. Usually, the helmet-mounted display device uses optical components to virtually display image information at a certain distance in front of the human eye in order to facilitate the wearer to browse information without affecting the normal behavior. The core component of this type of optical display system consists of three parts: graphic information light wave coupling input component, information light wave transmission substrate and image light wave coupling output display component. In addition, for observers with vision problems, diopter correction is also necessary, otherwise it will affect the clarity of the final observed image. Therefore, diopter correction, light weight, compact structure, large field of view, and high-resolution image display have always been key issues to be solved for this type of optical system. Among them, diopter correction, light weight and large field of view are particularly important. In some application fields, the size of the field of view directly affects the safety of personnel and the integrity of information obtained by observers. At the same time, the weight and diopter correction of the display system have a great impact on the comfort of the wearer and the clarity of the image. Impact.
为了解决传统穿戴显示光学系统由于光学成像系统重量和视场的矛盾以及屈光度异常观察带来的一系列问题，本发明设计了一种屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件。In order to solve a series of problems caused by the contradiction between the weight of the optical imaging system and the field of view of the traditional wearable display optical system and the observation of abnormal diopter, the present invention designs a diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用了以下的技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件，其特征在于：依次包括：显示光源，发出显示所需图像的显示光波；准直透镜，对光源发出的光波进行准直；耦合输入面，将准直光波耦合进入到平面波导；平面波导衬底，对耦合进入的光波进行反射传播形成全反射光波；微齿形结构，对全反射光波进行耦合输出；薄负透镜，对屈光度进行矫正。其中，准直透镜设置在显示光源与平面波导衬底之间，微齿形结构设置在平面波导衬底远离显示光源的一端侧面上，微齿形结构由一定数量的微型小齿衔接组成，这些微型小齿对在平面波导衬底中传播的全反射光波进行耦合输出。本发明主要采用微齿形面反射、全反射以及负透镜屈光度矫正原理和镀膜技术来实现的。来自显示光源的光线经像差矫正良好的准直透镜准直以后入射到耦合输入面，经反射进入到平面波导衬底中，使光线以满足全反射的条件在平面波导衬底中无损耗的传输到所需要显示输出的位置。由于微齿形结构的存在，打破了光线在平面波导中的全反射传播条件，经过微齿形齿面的反射，使光波耦合输出到微齿形结构外进入到超薄负透镜中。经过超薄负透镜的屈光度矫正，光线进入到观察者的视野中。对于来自周围景物的光线，经过波导上下表面的反射直接进入到人眼，从而完成图像信息和周围景物信息的实时观察。A diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device, which is characterized in that it includes in sequence: a display light source that emits display light waves that display a desired image; a collimator lens that collimates the light waves emitted by the light source; a coupling input surface that The collimated light wave is coupled into the planar waveguide; the planar waveguide substrate reflects and propagates the coupled light wave to form a total reflection light wave; the micro-tooth structure couples the total reflection light wave out; the thin negative lens corrects the diopter. Among them, the collimating lens is arranged between the display light source and the planar waveguide substrate, and the microtooth structure is arranged on the side of the planar waveguide substrate away from the display light source, and the microtooth structure is composed of a certain number of tiny teeth. The tiny teeth couple out the totally reflected light wave propagating in the planar waveguide substrate. The present invention is mainly realized by adopting micro-tooth surface reflection, total reflection and negative lens diopter correction principles and coating technology. The light from the display light source is collimated by the collimator lens with good aberration correction, and then enters the coupling input surface, and enters the planar waveguide substrate after reflection, so that the light meets the condition of total reflection without loss in the planar waveguide substrate Transfer to the location where the output needs to be displayed. Due to the existence of the micro-tooth structure, the propagation condition of total reflection of the light in the planar waveguide is broken, and after the reflection of the micro-tooth tooth surface, the light wave is coupled out of the micro-tooth structure and enters the ultra-thin negative lens. After the diopter correction of the ultra-thin negative lens, the light enters the observer's field of vision. For the light from the surrounding scenery, the reflection from the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide directly enters the human eye, so as to complete the real-time observation of image information and surrounding scenery information.
本发明提供的平面波导光学器件中，还具有这样的特征：准直透镜采用单个非球面镜，微齿形结构的各个微型小齿的表面加工到镜面(表面粗糙度Ra应小于成像光的波长尺寸，如10-20nm)的效果，微齿形结构和平面波导衬底采用适当的光学胶水进行粘结，如折射率匹配的紫外胶。In the planar waveguide optical device provided by the present invention, also have such feature: collimating lens adopts single aspheric mirror, the surface processing of each miniature tooth of microtooth structure reaches mirror surface (surface roughness Ra should be less than the wavelength size of imaging light , such as 10-20nm), the micro-tooth structure and the planar waveguide substrate are bonded with an appropriate optical glue, such as ultraviolet glue with matching refractive index.
本发明提供的平面波导光学器件中，还具有这样的特征：矫正薄负透镜与平面波导衬底和微齿形结构的材料一致，均由光学材料构成，该材料具备有合适的折射率、透过率及机械性能，如PMMA。In the planar waveguide optical device provided by the present invention, it also has the following features: the rectified thin negative lens is consistent with the planar waveguide substrate and the material of the micro-tooth structure, and they are all made of optical materials. Efficiency and mechanical properties, such as PMMA.
本发明提供的平面波导光学器件中，还具有这样的特征：耦合输入面镀有增透膜，微齿形结构的下表面用二向色旋涂的方法镀有光学薄膜，薄负透镜的光线出射面镀有增透膜。In the planar waveguide optical device provided by the present invention, it also has the following features: the coupling input surface is coated with an anti-reflection film, the lower surface of the micro-tooth structure is coated with an optical film by dichroic spin coating, and the light of the thin negative lens The output surface is coated with anti-reflection coating.
本发明提供的平面波导光学器件中，还具有这样的特征：其中，耦合输入面顶角到微齿形结构靠近耦合输入面所在位置的物理长度Lray与平面波导衬底的厚度Hp以及全反射光波与衬底下表面的夹角αSur之间满足下述关系：Lray>3Hp*tan(αSur)。In the planar waveguide optical device provided by the present invention, it also has such features: wherein, the physical length Lray from the apex angle of the coupling-in surface to the position where the micro-toothed structure is close to the coupling-in surface and the thickness Hp of the planar waveguide substrate and the total reflection light wave The angle αSur with the lower surface of the substrate satisfies the following relationship: Lray>3Hp*tan(αSur ).
本发明提供的平面波导光学器件中，还具有这样的特征：其中，微齿形结构的整体长度Lt与平面波导衬底的厚度Hp以及全反射光波与衬底下表面的夹角αSur之间满足下述关系：Lt>2Hp*tan(αSur)。In the planar waveguide optical device provided by the present invention, it also has such a feature: wherein, the overall length Lt of the microtooth structure, the thickness Hp of the planar waveguide substrate and the angle αSur between the totally reflected light wave and the lower surface of the substrate satisfy The following relation: Lt>2Hp*tan(αSur ).
本发明提供的平面波导光学器件中，还具有这样的特征：其中，微齿形结构中单个微齿的宽度Tw应大于成像光波长的长度，如600um，以避免因微齿形结构造成强烈的衍射效应，而影响成像效果。In the planar waveguide optical device provided by the present invention, it also has such a feature: wherein, the width Tw of a single microtooth in the microtooth-shaped structure should be greater than the length of the imaging light wavelength, such as 600um, to avoid strong vibration caused by the microtooth-shaped structure. Diffraction effect, which affects the imaging effect.
与现有的成像系统相比，本发明的有益效果是：屈光度矫正方便、重量轻、结构紧凑、加工工艺简单、视场增加灵活以及光波耦合效率高。这些优点使得本发明光学器件相比于传统45°反射显示系统，系统的体积和重量得以减小。在相同的体积下，本发明光学系统的成像视场更大，光波耦合效率更高，制造工艺更简单易行、成本更低，同时本发明相比于传统的成像系统屈光度矫正简单易行，极大地解决了屈光度异常人眼观察带来的不便。Compared with the existing imaging system, the invention has the advantages of convenient diopter correction, light weight, compact structure, simple processing technology, flexible field of view increase and high light wave coupling efficiency. These advantages enable the optical device of the present invention to reduce the volume and weight of the system compared with the traditional 45° reflective display system. Under the same volume, the imaging field of view of the optical system of the present invention is larger, the coupling efficiency of light waves is higher, the manufacturing process is simpler and easier, and the cost is lower. It greatly solves the inconvenience caused by the observation of abnormal diopters with human eyes.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention;
图2为无屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导器件的光线示意图；Fig. 2 is a light schematic diagram of a tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide device without diopter correction;
图3为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件微齿形结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the micro-tooth structure of the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention;
图4为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件的光线示意图；Fig. 4 is a light schematic diagram of the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention;
图5为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中微齿形结构下表面镀膜后的光线示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of light rays after coating on the lower surface of the micro-tooth-shaped structure in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention;
图6为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中透射率随到达微齿形结构的光线的入射角度变化的曲线图；Fig. 6 is a graph showing the change of transmittance with the incident angle of light reaching the micro-tooth structure in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention;
图7为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中到达微齿形结构的光线的入射角度为10°时各个波长的透射率曲线图；Fig. 7 is a graph of the transmittance of each wavelength when the incident angle of light reaching the micro-tooth-shaped structure in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention is 10°;
图8为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中到达微齿形结构的光线的入射角度为60°时各个波长的透射率曲线图；Fig. 8 is a curve diagram of the transmittance of each wavelength when the incident angle of light reaching the micro-tooth structure in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention is 60°;
图9为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中光线在微齿形结构和薄负透镜中传播的示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of light propagating in a micro-tooth structure and a thin negative lens in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention;
图10为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中薄负透镜的光线出射面镀增透膜前后的透射率曲线；Fig. 10 is the transmittance curve before and after coating the anti-reflection coating on the light exit surface of the thin negative lens in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention;
图11为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件人眼观察示意图；以及Fig. 11 is a schematic view of human eyes observing the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention; and
图12为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件单眼应用示意图。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the monocular application of the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图对本发明的具体工作工程给予说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, concrete working project of the present invention is given description.
图1为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件的结构示意图，如图1所示，本发明光学器件的系统组成包括：显示光源10，准直透镜11，耦合输入面12，平面波导衬底13，微齿形结构14，薄负透镜15。本发明光学器件的基本结构由六部分组成，对于具体应用可对本发明的各组成部分进行相应的扩展，从而进一步提高系统在应用方面的潜力。下面针对本发明六个部分的作用给以相应的说明：Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the system composition of the optical device of the present invention includes: a display light source 10, a collimator lens 11, a coupling input surface 12, and a planar waveguide Substrate 13, microtooth structure 14, thin negative lens 15. The basic structure of the optical device of the present invention is composed of six parts, and each component part of the present invention can be expanded correspondingly for specific applications, thereby further improving the application potential of the system. Below give corresponding explanation for the effect of six parts of the present invention:
显示光源10在头戴显示应用系统中主要提供用来观察的图像信息。而目前主流的显示光源有DLP、LCD、OLED、Lcos等。不同的显示技术对应于不同的显示要求。为了能够使得显示系统的整体结构在体积上趋于微型化，且考虑光源各点亮度的均匀性、输出光效以及亮度要求和分辨率与尺寸的限制等因素，通常选择体积合适、亮度均匀、分辨率高的光源作为微显示系统的显示光源，如Lcos。为了满足光学设计和膜系设计等要求，通常会在显示光源前面加偏光片，用于改变来自显示系统的光波的偏振态。但这将导致进入波导显示系统的整体光效的大大减弱。不过，硅基液晶Lcos的光效足以满足相应的应用要求。对于硅基液晶Lcos可根据具体的要求选择CF-Lcos或CS-Lcos，两者主要在分辨率上存在显著差别。同尺寸的CS-Lcos的分辨率通常高于CF-Lcos。The display light source 10 mainly provides image information for observation in the head-mounted display application system. At present, the mainstream display light sources include DLP, LCD, OLED, Lcos and so on. Different display technologies correspond to different display requirements. In order to make the overall structure of the display system tend to be miniaturized in volume, and considering factors such as the uniformity of brightness of each point of the light source, output light efficiency, brightness requirements, resolution and size limitations, etc., usually choose a suitable volume, uniform brightness, The light source with high resolution is used as the display light source of the micro-display system, such as Lcos. In order to meet the requirements of optical design and film system design, a polarizer is usually added in front of the display light source to change the polarization state of the light wave from the display system. But this will lead to a great reduction in the overall light efficiency entering the waveguide display system. However, the light efficiency of the liquid crystal on silicon Lcos is sufficient to meet the corresponding application requirements. For liquid crystal on silicon Lcos, you can choose CF-Lcos or CS-Lcos according to specific requirements, and there is a significant difference in the resolution between the two. The resolution of CS-Lcos of the same size is usually higher than that of CF-Lcos.
准直透镜11主要是对显示光源发出的光波进行准直。在头戴显示应用中，人眼作为最终的图像信息接收器，需要对来自图像的光波进行准直以达到人眼自由放松观看的实际要求。一般采用光学球面透镜对光波进行准直，但是由于光学系统像差的存在，图像经过透镜后存在着象散、畸变、场曲、彗差等像差，为此对于准直透镜需要按照应用要求进行严格的像差矫正，以期达到理想的成像效果，否则就会影响光学系统的最终分辨率，使得人眼无法清楚的观看到真实的图像信息。由于普通球面镜在矫正像差时，需要有不同材料和曲率半径的透镜组合而成，这会使整个系统的重量和体积增大。因此通常采用非球面镜来完成像差的矫正，由于在矫正像差时，单个非球面镜即可实现，从而给系统的整体结构及重量带来了益处。The collimating lens 11 mainly collimates the light waves emitted by the display light source. In head-mounted display applications, the human eye, as the final image information receiver, needs to collimate the light waves from the image to meet the actual requirements of the human eye for free and relaxed viewing. Generally, optical spherical lenses are used to collimate light waves, but due to the existence of optical system aberrations, there are astigmatism, distortion, field curvature, coma and other aberrations after the image passes through the lens. Therefore, the collimation lens needs to be in accordance with the application requirements. Perform strict aberration correction in order to achieve the ideal imaging effect, otherwise it will affect the final resolution of the optical system, making it impossible for the human eye to clearly see the real image information. Because ordinary spherical mirrors need to be combined with lenses of different materials and curvature radii when correcting aberrations, this will increase the weight and volume of the entire system. Therefore, an aspheric mirror is usually used to correct the aberration, since a single aspheric mirror can be used to correct the aberration, which brings benefits to the overall structure and weight of the system.
耦合输入面12是采用镜面反射的原理利用棱镜来改变光线的传播方向。来自准直透镜11的光线入射到耦合输入面12后，经过耦合输入面12的反射进入到平面衬底。由于采用斜面耦合光波进入衬底，可以有效地避免反射光线对原始图像像质的影响。通常为了进一步提高光波的耦合输入效率，可在耦合输入面12的有效通光口径范围内镀上相应的增透膜，来提高光波的耦合输入能量。The coupling-in surface 12 adopts the principle of specular reflection and uses a prism to change the propagation direction of light. After the light from the collimator lens 11 is incident on the coupling-in surface 12 , it is reflected by the coupling-in surface 12 and enters the planar substrate. Since the inclined plane is used to couple light waves into the substrate, the influence of reflected light on the image quality of the original image can be effectively avoided. Generally, in order to further improve the coupling-in efficiency of light waves, a corresponding anti-reflection coating can be coated on the effective light aperture range of the coupling-in surface 12 to increase the coupling-in energy of light waves.
平面波导衬底13的加工材料有很多种，如玻璃材料JGS1、JGS2、K9、BK7等，塑料材料有PET、PMMA等。由于每种材料的折射率、色散系数不同，导致全反射临界角、材料的透过率、吸收吸收系数和重量不同。考虑到实际应用条件的限制，需要根据具体要求进行选择。光波在衬底中传播时需要满足全反射的条件，以保证光线没有折射出衬底。同时应尽可能减少材料本身对光波能量的吸收，否则会使大量的光波能量在传输过程中损失而影响图像的可见度。另外平面衬底材料本身限制了在衬底中传输的图像的范围以及图像的亮度，为了扩大传输图像的范围，通常在衬底表面按照需求镀上一定反射率的膜层，对材料的全反射角给予一定的扩展。为此，平面波导衬底的材料通常选择具备合适折射率、透过率以及机械性能的光学材料，如塑料亚克力PMMA。且塑料亚克力PMMA(nd＝1.49)的全反射临界角为42.2°，高于一般的K9玻璃(nd＝1.52)的全反射临界角41.8°，另外PMMA的重量较轻，对于同等体积的K9玻璃和PMMA塑料，PMMA的重量是K9玻璃的一半，这种优势可以用来减轻穿戴显示应用设备的重量。There are many kinds of processing materials for the planar waveguide substrate 13, such as glass materials JGS1, JGS2, K9, BK7, etc., and plastic materials include PET, PMMA, etc. Due to the different refractive index and dispersion coefficient of each material, the critical angle of total reflection, material transmittance, absorption absorption coefficient and weight are different. Considering the limitation of actual application conditions, it needs to be selected according to specific requirements. When the light wave propagates in the substrate, it needs to meet the condition of total reflection to ensure that the light does not refract out of the substrate. At the same time, the absorption of light wave energy by the material itself should be reduced as much as possible, otherwise a large amount of light wave energy will be lost during transmission and affect the visibility of the image. In addition, the planar substrate material itself limits the range of the image transmitted in the substrate and the brightness of the image. In order to expand the range of the transmitted image, a film layer with a certain reflectivity is usually coated on the surface of the substrate according to the requirements. The total reflection of the material Angles give a certain extension. For this reason, the material of the planar waveguide substrate usually chooses an optical material with suitable refractive index, transmittance and mechanical properties, such as plastic acrylic PMMA. And the critical angle of total reflection of plastic acrylic PMMA (nd =1.49) is 42.2°, which is higher than the critical angle of total reflection of 41.8° of general K9 glass (nd =1.52). K9 glass and PMMA plastic, PMMA is half the weight of K9 glass, this advantage can be used to reduce the weight of wearable display applications.
微齿形结构14用来破坏光线的全反射条件使其耦合输出到齿形结构外。光波经过平面波导衬底13的传输进入到微齿形结构14中，由于微齿形结构14和平面波导衬底13采用适当的光学胶水进行粘结，如折射率匹配的紫外胶，从而可以使光线没有偏折地直接到达微齿形结构14中。经过微齿形结构14齿面的反射，破坏了光线的全反射条件使光线耦合输出进入人眼。齿形结构的存在可以使整个齿形表面都实现对光线的反射，由于光线能够覆盖整体表面，从而实现了观察者视场的扩展。这种视场扩展齿形结构在工艺加工上很容易实现、但是齿形结构表面加工需要达到镜面(表面粗糙度Ra应小于成像光的波长尺寸，如10-20nm)的效果，否则由于漫反射的存在会使图像的清晰度降低。通常齿形结构采用注塑、金刚石切割等办法实现，这些加工工艺相对应的表面粗糙度可满足要求。The micro-toothed structure 14 is used to destroy the total reflection condition of the light to be coupled out of the toothed structure. The light wave enters the micro-tooth structure 14 through the transmission of the planar waveguide substrate 13, since the micro-tooth structure 14 and the planar waveguide substrate 13 are bonded with appropriate optical glue, such as ultraviolet glue with matching refractive index, so that The light rays enter the micro-toothed structure 14 directly without deflection. The reflection of the tooth surface of the micro-tooth structure 14 destroys the total reflection condition of the light so that the light is coupled out and enters the human eye. The existence of the tooth-shaped structure can enable the entire tooth-shaped surface to reflect light, and since the light can cover the entire surface, the field of view of the observer can be expanded. This tooth-shaped structure with field of view expansion is easy to realize in terms of process, but the surface processing of the tooth-shaped structure needs to achieve the effect of mirror surface (surface roughness Ra should be smaller than the wavelength size of imaging light, such as 10-20nm), otherwise due to diffuse reflection The presence of will reduce the clarity of the image. Usually the tooth structure is realized by injection molding, diamond cutting, etc., and the surface roughness corresponding to these processing techniques can meet the requirements.
薄负透镜15用来对屈光度进行矫正。对于屈光度异常的人眼来说，必须考虑屈光度的矫正，否则将影响最终的信息观察。薄负透镜15的设计必须考虑到材料的折射率以及对于轻微屈光度异常人眼的屈光度值。为了方便薄负透镜15与微齿形结构14进行胶合，通常薄负透镜和平面波导衬底以及微齿形结构的材料在选取上应保持一致。入射到微齿形结构下表面的大角度光线应全反射进入到平面波导衬底中继续传播，但由于薄负透镜和微齿形结构之间是通过合适的光学胶水，如折射率匹配的紫外胶进行胶合的，使得进入微齿形结构的大角度光线可能直接进入薄负透镜中，这将导致二次成像的存在。为了消除二次成像对原始图像的影响，且为了使入射到微齿形结构下表面的小角度光线完全进入到薄负透镜中去，在微齿形结构和薄负透镜之间引入了光学薄膜。A thin negative lens 15 is used to correct the diopter. For the human eyes with abnormal diopter, the correction of diopter must be considered, otherwise it will affect the final information observation. The design of the thin negative lens 15 must take into account the refractive index of the material and the diopter value of the human eye for slight dioptric anomalies. In order to facilitate the bonding of the thin negative lens 15 and the micro-toothed structure 14, generally the materials of the thin negative lens, the planar waveguide substrate and the micro-toothed structure should be consistent in selection. The large-angle light incident on the lower surface of the micro-tooth structure should be totally reflected and enter the planar waveguide substrate to continue to propagate, but due to the suitable optical glue between the thin negative lens and the micro-tooth structure, such as ultraviolet The glue is glued so that the large-angle light entering the micro-tooth structure may directly enter the thin negative lens, which will cause the existence of secondary imaging. In order to eliminate the influence of secondary imaging on the original image, and to make the small-angle light incident on the lower surface of the micro-toothed structure completely enter the thin negative lens, an optical film is introduced between the micro-toothed structure and the thin negative lens .
本发明光学器件的工作步骤以及实例应用：Working steps and example applications of the optical device of the present invention:
图2为无屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导器件的光线示意图。来自显示光源的准直光线20垂直入射到耦合输入面，从而改变光线的传播方向，使其在平面波导衬底中全反射传播。经反射面Ref-surf的反射，光线20初次和平面波导衬底的下表面Sur-bottom碰撞，通过衬底下表面Sur-bottom的反射，光线20紧接着与平面波导衬底的上表面Sur-up碰撞。在整个光线传播过程中必须始终保持光线20和平面波导衬底法线的夹角αSur大于衬底材料(PMMA，nd＝1.49)的全反射临界角(42.2°)，否则光波能量在传播过程中极易损失，造成最终显示图像信息的丢失，影响观察图像的视场范围。为了实现上述光线传播的光路路径，以主轴光线为设计参考，各参数需满足的条件为：Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of light rays of a tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide device without diopter correction. The collimated light 20 from the display light source is vertically incident on the coupling-in surface, thereby changing the propagation direction of the light so that it propagates through total reflection in the planar waveguide substrate. Reflected by the reflective surface Ref-surf , the light 20 collides with the lower surface Sur-bottom of the planar waveguide substrate for the first time, and through the reflection of the lower surface Sur-bottom of the substrate, the light 20 immediately collides with the upper surface Sur-up of the planar waveguide substrate collision. During the whole process of light propagation, the angle αSur between the light 20 and the normal of the planar waveguide substrate must always be kept greater than the critical angle of total reflection (42.2°) of the substrate material (PMMA, nd =1.49), otherwise the light wave energy will not be able to propagate It is very easy to lose during the process, resulting in the loss of the final display image information and affecting the field of view of the observed image. In order to realize the optical path of the above-mentioned light propagation, taking the main axis light as the design reference, the conditions that each parameter needs to meet are:
αSur-ref＝βαSur-ref = β
其中，β是反射面Ref-surf和衬底下表面Sur-bottom的夹角，αSur-ref是主轴光线和反射面Ref-surf法线的夹角。Wherein, β is the included angle between the reflective surface Ref-surf and the substrate lower surface Sur-bottom , and αSur-ref is the included angle between the principal axis ray and the normal of the reflective surface Ref-surf .
αSur＝2αSur-refαSur = 2αSur-ref
其中，αSur是主光线和平面波导衬底下表面Sur-bottom法线的夹角。满足上述条件的情况下，主轴光线可以无能量损失的在衬底中传播，对于其它方向的光束，只要和衬底下表面的反射角大于临界角都可以无损的传输。Wherein, αSur is the included angle between the chief ray and the Sur-bottom normal of the lower surface of the planar waveguide substrate. When the above conditions are met, the principal axis ray can propagate in the substrate without energy loss, and for other beams, as long as the reflection angle with the lower surface of the substrate is larger than the critical angle, they can be transmitted without loss.
图3为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件微齿形结构示意图。微齿形结构31由一定数量的微型小齿32组成，这些微型小齿用于打破光线在衬底表面的全反射条件使其耦合输出到衬底外。来自衬底的光线33首先与齿形微结构31的Sur-input面相碰撞，垂直折射进入微齿形结构中。进入微齿形结构后光线33紧接着和齿形微结构31的Sur-output面相碰撞，经过Sur-output面的反射后被耦合输出到微齿形结构外进入到观察视野范围之内。对于光线34，首先与齿形微结构31的Sur-input面相碰撞垂直折射进入微齿形结构中。进入微齿形结构后光线34紧接着和齿形微结构31的Sur-output面相碰撞，再次经过Sur-output面的折射与Sur-input面相碰撞，由Sur-input面折射进入齿形微结构31。然后和微齿形结构31的Sub-bottom面相碰撞，由于光线和Sub-bottom面的法线夹角大于全反射临界角，从而光线继续在齿形微结构31中传播。为了使光线在微齿形结构中传播时满足上述条件，以主轴光线为结构参数参考设计光线，齿形结构的各参数满足下述关系：Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the micro-tooth structure of the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. The micro-tooth structure 31 is composed of a certain number of micro-tooths 32, and these micro-tooths are used to break the total reflection condition of the light on the surface of the substrate to couple it out of the substrate. The light 33 from the substrate first collides with the Sur-input surface of the tooth-shaped microstructure 31, and is vertically refracted into the micro-tooth-shaped structure. After entering the micro-tooth-shaped structure, the light 33 collides with theSur -output surface of the tooth-shaped micro-structure 31, and after being reflected by the Sur-output surface, is coupled out of the micro-tooth-shaped structure and enters the observation field of view. For the light 34, it first collides with the Sur-input surface of the tooth-shaped microstructure 31 and is vertically refracted into the micro-tooth-shaped structure. After entering the micro-tooth-shaped structure, the light 34 collides with the Sur-output surface of the tooth-shaped microstructure 31, andcollides with theSur -input surface through the refraction of theSur -output surface again, and is refracted from the Sur-input surface into the tooth-shaped microstructure 31 . Then it collides with the Sub-bottom surface of the micro-toothed structure 31 , and since the angle between the light and the normal of the Sub-bottom surface is greater than the critical angle of total reflection, the light continues to propagate in the toothed micro-structure 31 . In order to satisfy the above conditions when the light propagates in the micro-toothed structure, the main axis light is used as the structural parameter to refer to the design light, and the parameters of the toothed structure satisfy the following relationship:
βt-1＝βt-2＝βt-3＝αSurβt-1 ＝ βt-2 ＝ βt-3 ＝ αSur
其中，βt-1是微齿形结构31的Sur-input面和水平面的夹角，βt-2是微齿形结构31的Sur-output面和Sur-input面的夹角，βt-3是微齿形结构31的Sur-output面和水平面的夹角。Wherein, βt-1 is the included angle between the Sur-input surface and the horizontal plane of the microtooth structure 31, βt-2 is the included angle between the Sur-output surface and the Sur-input surface of the microtooth structure 31, and βt- 3 is the included angle between the Sur-output surface of the micro-tooth structure 31 and the horizontal plane.
βref-t＝βt-2βref-t = βt-2
其中，βref-t是主轴光线和微齿形结构31的Sur-input面法线的夹角。Wherein, βref-t is the included angle between the principal axis ray and the normal of the Sur-input surface of the microtooth structure 31 .
βsurf-t＝βref-tβsurf-t = βref-t
其中，βsurf-t是主光线和微齿形结构31的Sub-bottom面法线的夹角。Wherein, βsurf-t is the included angle between the chief ray and the normal of the Sub-bottom surface of the micro-toothed structure 31 .
βbottom＝βsurf-tβbottom = βsurf-t
其中，βbottom是微齿形结构31的Sub-bottom面和Sur-output面的夹角。Wherein, βbottom is the included angle between the Sub-bottom surface and the Sur-output surface of the micro-toothed structure 31 .
对于上述微齿形结构参数，均以主光轴线为参考进行光路参数确定，对于轴外点的光线传输时，由于微显示轴外点光束的偏轴角一般很小，因此，上述参数关系足以满足相应轴外光束传播条件。For the above-mentioned micro-tooth structure parameters, the optical path parameters are determined with the main optical axis as a reference. For the light transmission of the off-axis point, since the off-axis angle of the off-axis light beam of the micro-display off-axis point is generally small, the above parameter relationship is sufficient Satisfy the corresponding off-axis beam propagation conditions.
图4为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件的光线示意图。位于光轴40上的来自显示光源的点光源Q发出的光波经过准直透镜准直后，准直光线41首先和耦合输入面碰撞发生反射和折射，其中折射光线将继续在平面波导中传播。而由于耦合输入面对光线反射作用的存在，使光波的能量发生损失，通常可在耦合输入面上镀一定光学厚度的增透膜，用于提高进入平面波导衬底中的光波能量。折射光线在平面波导衬底中以全反射的形式传播一定光学路程后进入到微齿形结构中，打破了光线全反射传播的条件，使其耦合进入薄负透镜中，经过薄负透镜的屈光度矫正，光线最终进入到观察者的视野中。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of light rays of the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. After the light wave emitted by the point light source Q on the optical axis 40 from the display light source is collimated by the collimating lens, the collimated light ray 41 first collides with the coupling input surface for reflection and refraction, and the refracted light will continue to propagate in the planar waveguide. Due to the existence of light reflection on the coupling input surface, the energy of the light wave is lost. Usually, an anti-reflection coating with a certain optical thickness can be coated on the coupling input surface to increase the energy of the light wave entering the planar waveguide substrate. The refracted light propagates a certain optical distance in the form of total reflection in the planar waveguide substrate and then enters the micro-tooth structure, breaking the condition of total reflection propagation of light, making it coupled into the thin negative lens, passing through the diopter of the thin negative lens Correction, the light ends up entering the viewer's field of view.
图5为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中微齿形结构下表面镀膜后的光线示意图。来自光源的准直光线垂直入射到耦合输入面，耦合输入面类似于共轴光学系统中的孔径光阑，限制了进入平面波导衬底中的光束的大小，即限制了进入衬底的光束能量。通常，光线垂直进入衬底时有4％的能量由于衬底表面的反射而被损失掉。这些反射光束一方面造成了整体图像能量的损失，另一方面也产生了二次成像，影响了原始图像的清晰度。为此通常在耦合输入面的有效面积处镀相应的增透膜，用于增加入射光波的能量。进入平面波导衬底的准直光束经过反射，在平面波导衬底中以满足全反射的形式进行传播，一定光程后到达微齿形结构，齿形结构的存在打破了光束的全反射条件使其耦合输出到观察者的视野中。光线50经过微齿形结构小齿面的反射，一部分光线52垂直微齿形结构的下表面出射，一部分光线51继续传播，以大角度和齿形结构的下表面接触。为了进行屈光度矫正，必须保证大角度入射的光线51可以再次返回衬底中继续传播，否则将导致观察到的图像出现重影。另外，以小角度和微齿形结构下表面接触的光线52应全部出射，否则显示图像的对比度会降低。这些目的主要依靠光学薄膜53来实现。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of light rays after coating on the lower surface of the micro-tooth-shaped structure in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. The collimated light from the light source is vertically incident on the coupling input surface. The coupling input surface is similar to the aperture stop in the coaxial optical system, which limits the size of the beam entering the planar waveguide substrate, that is, limits the beam energy entering the substrate. . Typically, 4% of the energy of light entering the substrate perpendicularly is lost due to reflection from the substrate surface. On the one hand, these reflected light beams cause the loss of overall image energy, on the other hand, they also produce secondary imaging, which affects the clarity of the original image. For this reason, the corresponding anti-reflection coating is usually plated on the effective area of the coupling-in surface to increase the energy of the incident light wave. The collimated beam entering the planar waveguide substrate is reflected, propagates in the form of total reflection in the planar waveguide substrate, and reaches the micro-toothed structure after a certain optical distance. The existence of the toothed structure breaks the total reflection condition of the beam so that It is coupled out into the viewer's field of view. The light 50 is reflected by the small tooth surface of the micro-toothed structure, a part of the light 52 exits perpendicular to the lower surface of the micro-toothed structure, and a part of the light 51 continues to propagate and contacts the lower surface of the toothed structure at a large angle. In order to perform diopter correction, it must be ensured that the light 51 incident at a large angle can return to the substrate and continue to propagate, otherwise ghost images will appear in the observed image. In addition, the light 52 contacting the lower surface of the micro-tooth structure at a small angle should all exit, otherwise the contrast of the displayed image will be reduced. These purposes are mainly achieved by means of the optical film 53 .
图6为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中透射率随到达微齿形结构的光线的入射角度变化的曲线图。为了实现上述图5所说的大角度入射的光线完全的返回衬底，同时小角度的光线能够完全的出射齿形结构下表面，需要在微齿形结构的下表面采用二向色旋涂光学薄膜的方式实现。如图6所示为S偏振光的反射率随入射到微齿形结构的角度变化的曲线，由此可知，对于波长为510nm的S偏振光，入射角为0°～20°时，透射率T>99％，因此小角度的光线几乎可以完全出射到齿形结构的下表面。入射角为50°～90°时，透射率T<0.01％，因而大角度入射的光线几乎全部返回到平面衬底中继续传播，对于剩余的越0.01％的光波能量，人眼是无法感知的，因此不会对原始图像的观察造成影响。Fig. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the transmittance with the incident angle of light reaching the micro-tooth structure in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. In order to realize that the light incident at a large angle can completely return to the substrate as mentioned in Figure 5 above, and at the same time, the light at a small angle can completely exit the lower surface of the toothed structure, it is necessary to use dichroic spin coating optics on the lower surface of the micro toothed structure realized in thin film. As shown in Figure 6, the reflectance of S polarized light varies with the angle of the incident micro-toothed structure. It can be seen that for S polarized light with a wavelength of 510nm, when the incident angle is 0° to 20°, the transmittance T>99%, so light at a small angle can almost completely exit the lower surface of the toothed structure. When the incident angle is 50°～90°, the transmittance T<0.01%, so almost all the light incident at a large angle returns to the flat substrate to continue to propagate, and the remaining 0.01% of the light wave energy cannot be perceived by the human eye , so it will not affect the observation of the original image.
图7为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中到达微齿形结构的光线的入射角度为10°时各个波长的透射率曲线图。对于图5所述的小角度人射光线，必须考察所有的小角度在整个波长范围内的反射率曲线。若图像光波在波导内的视场角为±ω°，则必须保证0～ω°任意角度对应的所有波长范围内的反射率值都必须小于一定的值，且这个值必须保持几乎恒定，否则反射光线会对原图像造成影响，且图像最终的显示色彩将发生丢失，影响图像的饱和度。如图7所示，在到达微齿形结构的光线的入射角度为10°时，波长范围在430～680nm内的所有光线的透射率T均满足T>99％，因而满足相应的设计要求。Fig. 7 is a graph of the transmittance of each wavelength when the incident angle of light reaching the micro-tooth structure in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention is 10°. For the small-angle incident light described in Figure 5, it is necessary to examine the reflectance curves of all small angles in the entire wavelength range. If the field angle of the image light wave in the waveguide is ±ω°, it must be ensured that the reflectance values in all wavelength ranges corresponding to any angle from 0° to ω° must be less than a certain value, and this value must remain almost constant, otherwise Reflected light will affect the original image, and the final display color of the image will be lost, affecting the saturation of the image. As shown in Figure 7, when the incident angle of light reaching the micro-tooth structure is 10°, the transmittance T of all light within the wavelength range of 430-680nm satisfies T>99%, thus meeting the corresponding design requirements.
图8为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中到达微齿形结构的光线的入射角度为60°时各个波长的透射率曲线图。对于图5所述的大角度入射光线，必须保证全部返回到衬底中继续传播，否则折射进薄负透镜中的光线将会导致二次成像。由于原始的小角度光线的方向和二次成像的光线的方向不同，将会有重影出现，从而影响原始图像像质的观察。若图像光波在波导内的视场角为±ω°，则必须保证αSur±ω°对应的所有波长范围内的反射率都必须大于一定的值，且这个值必须保证对原始图像成像的影响很小。如图8所示，入射角度为60°时，波长范围在430～680nm内的所有光线的透射率均很小。图8A中纵坐标透射率的范围为0～100％，可以看出此时的透射率几乎为0％。图8B中纵坐标透射率的范围为0～1％，可以更加明显的看到入射角度为60°时，波长范围在430～680nm内的所有光线的透射率T满足T<0.01％，这些能量对原始图像的影响，可以忽略不计。Fig. 8 is a graph of the transmittance of each wavelength when the incident angle of light reaching the micro-toothed structure in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention is 60°. For the large-angle incident light shown in Figure 5, it must be ensured that all of them return to the substrate and continue to propagate, otherwise the light refracted into the thin negative lens will cause secondary imaging. Since the direction of the original small-angle light is different from the direction of the secondary imaging light, there will be ghosting, which will affect the observation of the original image quality. If the field angle of the image light wave in the waveguide is ±ω°, it must be ensured that the reflectivity in all wavelength ranges corresponding to αSur ±ω° must be greater than a certain value, and this value must ensure the impact on the original image imaging very small. As shown in FIG. 8, when the incident angle is 60°, the transmittance of all light rays within the wavelength range of 430-680 nm is very small. In FIG. 8A , the transmittance on the ordinate ranges from 0 to 100%, and it can be seen that the transmittance at this time is almost 0%. In Figure 8B, the range of transmittance on the ordinate is 0-1%. It can be seen more clearly that when the incident angle is 60°, the transmittance T of all light rays within the wavelength range of 430-680nm satisfies T<0.01%. The impact on the original image is negligible.
图9为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中光线在微齿形结构和薄负透镜中传播的示意图。来自平面波导衬底的光线90入射到微齿形结构中，经过微型小齿的反射，小角度光线91进入到薄负透镜中，而大角度光线92则在被反射到衬底中继续传播，避免了二次成像。微齿形结构和薄负透镜通常采用适当的光学胶水，如与衬底折射率匹配的紫外胶进行胶合，因为折射率的不匹配会导致光学薄膜93的失效，无法保证大角度的光波能量全部被反射回到衬底中。光线91进入到薄负透镜后，紧接着将被折射到空气中。光线从光密介质到光疏介质时，入射角在0～30°范围内，光波的透射率通常为95％，剩余的5％的光波能量将被反射回光密介质中。这5％的反射光波成的像会对原来的图像造成严重的干扰，为此通常在薄负透镜的光线出射面蒸镀一定的增镀膜，来降低反射光线的影响。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of light propagating in a micro-tooth structure and a thin negative lens in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. The light 90 from the planar waveguide substrate is incident into the micro-tooth structure, and after being reflected by the micro-tooth, the small-angle light 91 enters the thin negative lens, while the large-angle light 92 is reflected into the substrate and continues to propagate. Secondary imaging is avoided. The micro-toothed structure and thin negative lens are usually glued with appropriate optical glue, such as ultraviolet glue that matches the refractive index of the substrate, because the mismatch of the refractive index will cause the failure of the optical film 93, and it is impossible to ensure that the light wave energy at large angles is fully is reflected back into the substrate. After the light 91 enters the thin negative lens, it will be refracted into the air immediately. When the light is from the optically denser medium to the optically rarer medium, the incident angle is in the range of 0-30°, the transmittance of the light wave is usually 95%, and the remaining 5% of the light wave energy will be reflected back into the optically denser medium. The image formed by the 5% reflected light will cause serious interference to the original image. For this reason, a certain increase coating is usually evaporated on the light exit surface of the thin negative lens to reduce the influence of reflected light.
图10为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中薄负透镜的光线出射面镀增透膜前后的透射率曲线。当入射角度为20°，如图10A所示为薄负透镜的光线出射面未镀增透膜时的透射率曲线，可以看到波长范围在430～680nm内的所有光线的透射率为T＝95％，剩余的5％的能量将返回到衬底中继续传播。当这些光线再次反射进入到薄负透镜中时，就会造成二次成像。如图10B所示为薄负透镜的光线出射面镀增透膜时的透射率曲线，可以看到在整个波长范围内所有光线的透射率为T>99％，剩余的不足1％的光波能量对人眼的影响很小，可以忽略不计。Fig. 10 is the transmittance curve before and after coating the light exit surface of the thin negative lens in the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. When the incident angle is 20°, as shown in Figure 10A, it is the transmittance curve when the light exit surface of the thin negative lens is not coated with anti-reflection coating, and it can be seen that the transmittance of all light rays within the wavelength range of 430-680nm is T= 95%, and the remaining 5% of the energy will return to the substrate to continue to propagate. When these rays are reflected again into the thin negative lens, they cause secondary imaging. Figure 10B shows the transmittance curve when the light exit surface of the thin negative lens is coated with anti-reflective coating. It can be seen that the transmittance of all light in the entire wavelength range is T>99%, and the remaining light wave energy is less than 1%. The impact on the human eye is very small and can be ignored.
图11为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件人眼观察示意图。显示光源轴上一点S发出的光波经过准直透镜的准直进入到耦合输入面，经过输入面的反射在平面波导衬底中进行全反射传播，最终到达微齿形结构中，通过微齿形结构和薄负透镜的作用，最终进入到观察者视野中。为了更好的说明器件的工作原理，以具体的器件实例参数给予定量说明。在平面光学设计中，通常以主轴光线为参考光线进行相应参数的确定，具体关系如下：Fig. 11 is a schematic view of human eyes observing the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. It shows that the light wave emitted by a point S on the axis of the light source is collimated by the collimator lens and enters the coupling input surface, is reflected by the input surface and propagates through total reflection in the planar waveguide substrate, and finally reaches the micro-toothed structure, passes through the micro-toothed The structure and the role of the thin negative lens finally enter the viewer's field of view. In order to better illustrate the working principle of the device, a quantitative description is given with specific device instance parameters. In the design of planar optics, the corresponding parameters are usually determined with the principal axis ray as the reference ray, and the specific relationship is as follows:
Hp＝4.0mmHp=4.0mm
其中，Hp为本发明光学器件的平面波导衬底厚度。本器件的加工材料以PMMA为主。PMMA材料具有密度小的巨大优势，考虑到为了扩展观察者的观察视场，器件的厚度和微齿形结构的长度应有一定的要求。平面波导厚度太小将导致光线无法一次反射完成视场的扩展，同时加大了加工工艺的难度。另一方面微齿形结构的长度太短，必然导致微型小齿的数量减少，这两方面都将影响光线的耦合输出以及工艺的难易程度，为此对于器件的厚度必须兼顾重量和一次光线耦合输出来设计。Wherein, Hp is the thickness of the planar waveguide substrate of the optical device of the present invention. The processing material of this device is mainly PMMA. The PMMA material has the great advantage of low density. Considering that in order to expand the observation field of the observer, the thickness of the device and the length of the micro-tooth structure should have certain requirements. If the thickness of the planar waveguide is too small, the light cannot be reflected to complete the expansion of the field of view, and at the same time, the difficulty of the processing technology will be increased. On the other hand, the length of the micro-tooth structure is too short, which will inevitably lead to a reduction in the number of micro-tooths, both of which will affect the coupling output of light and the difficulty of the process. Therefore, the thickness of the device must be balanced with weight and primary light. coupled output to design.
β＝30°β=30°
其中，β是反射面Ref-surf和衬底下表面Sur-bottom的夹角，考虑到主轴光线垂直入射进入衬底以后，经过反射面Ref-surf的反射后，很可能经过衬底地面Sur-bottom的反射后再次与反射面Ref-surf相遇，因此上述参数值可避免光线的二次相遇。Among them, β is the angle between the reflective surface Ref-surf and the substrate lower surface Sur-bottom . Considering that the main axis light enters the substrate vertically, after being reflected by the reflective surface Ref-surf, it is likely to pass through the substrate surface Sur-bottom After the reflection, it meets the reflective surface Ref-surf again, so the above parameter values can avoid the second encounter of light.
αSur＝2β＝60°αSur = 2β = 60°
其中，αSur是主轴光线和衬底上表面Sur-up法线的夹角。对于αSur必须保证大于平面波导材料的衬底的全反射临界角，否则图像的信息将由于光线的折射而造成大量的损失。PMMA材料全反射临界角为42.2o，αSur＝60°>42.2满足设计要求。Among them, αSur is the angle between the principal axis ray and the Sur-up normal of the upper surface of the substrate. For αSur , it must be guaranteed to be larger than the critical angle of total reflection of the substrate of the planar waveguide material, otherwise the information of the image will cause a lot of loss due to the refraction of light. The critical angle of total reflection of PMMA material is 42.2°, and αSur =60°>42.2 meets the design requirements.
Lray＝32.7mmLray＝32.7mm
其中，Lray为耦合输入面顶角到微齿形结构靠近耦合输入面所在位置的物理长度，为了避免杂散光对成像质量的影响，一般通过增加Lray的长度，使杂散光在传播过程中由于反射角小于临界角而耦合输出到衬底外。一般要求：Among them, Lray is the physical length from the vertex angle of the coupling input surface to the position where the microtooth structure is close to the coupling input surface. The angle is less than the critical angle and is coupled out of the substrate. General requirements:
Lray>3Hp*tan(αSur)Lray>3Hp*tan(αSur )
对于微齿形结构的角度参数相应的可由平面波导结构的参数给予确定：The angle parameters of the microtooth structure can be determined by the parameters of the planar waveguide structure:
βt-1＝βt-2＝βt-3＝αSur＝60°βt-1 = βt-2 = βt-3 = αSur = 60°
βref-t＝βt-2＝60°βref-t = βt-2 = 60°
βsurf-t＝βref-t＝60°βsurf-t = βref-t = 60°
βbottom＝βsurf-t＝60oβbottom = βsurf-t = 60o
Ht＝0.87mmHt=0.87mm
Lt＝20.5mmLt=20.5mm
Tw＝0.8mmTw=0.8mm
其中，Ht为齿形结构的整体厚度，为了使光线进入衬底后，被齿形面反射以后还能继续传播返回平面衬底中，通常在微型小齿和微齿形结构的底面之间保持一定的厚度，但是厚度不必要太大否则易造成齿形结构整体体积的增加。Lt是微齿形结构的整体长度，Lt长度确定通常依据主轴光线一次反射来确定，即要求：Among them, Ht is the overall thickness of the tooth-shaped structure. In order to allow the light to enter the substrate and be reflected by the tooth-shaped surface, it can continue to propagate back into the planar substrate. A certain thickness, but the thickness does not need to be too large, otherwise the overall volume of the tooth-shaped structure will easily increase. Lt is the overall length of the micro-toothed structure, and the length of Lt is usually determined based on one reflection of the main shaft light, that is, the requirements:
Lt>2Hp*tan(αSur)Lt>2Hp*tan(αSur )
Tw为微齿形结构的宽度，Tw的数值不能过于太小，否则将发生光波的衍射效应，破坏了几何光学设计的基本要求，为了避免上述现象的出现，通常Tw的选取值应大于成像光的波长尺寸，如600um，以避免因微齿形结构造成强烈的衍射效应，而影响成像效果。Tw is the width of the micro-tooth structure. The value of Tw should not be too small, otherwise the diffraction effect of light waves will occur, which will destroy the basic requirements of geometrical optics design. In order to avoid the above phenomenon, the value of Tw should usually be greater than the imaging The wavelength size of the light, such as 600um, avoids the strong diffraction effect caused by the micro-tooth structure, which affects the imaging effect.
对于薄负透镜的选取，一方面要考虑横向尺寸，另一方面需要考虑屈光度的数值，由于薄负透镜需要和微齿形结构胶合，因此：For the selection of thin negative lenses, on the one hand, the lateral size must be considered, and on the other hand, the value of the diopter must be considered. Since the thin negative lens needs to be glued to the micro-toothed structure, therefore:
L-W＝Lt＝20.5mmL-W=Lt=20.5mm
F＝200度F=200 degrees
其中，L-W是薄负透镜的横向宽度，F是薄负透镜的屈光度值。Wherein, L-W is the lateral width of the thin negative lens, and F is the diopter value of the thin negative lens.
对于本发明齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件的横向长度可根据相应的应用选取，没有固定的比例。再者横向尺寸对于光学设计不会造成任何影响。上述参数的选取是基于主轴光线来设计和选取的，对于其它角度入射的光线也满足相应的要求。The lateral length of the tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device of the present invention can be selected according to the corresponding application, and there is no fixed ratio. Furthermore, the lateral dimension will not have any influence on the optical design. The selection of the above parameters is designed and selected based on the main axis light, and the light incident from other angles also meets the corresponding requirements.
图12为本发明屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件单眼应用示意图。其中120为显示控制器，121为连接显示控制器和显示光源的连接线，122为承载显示光源和准直透镜的镜架，123为显示光源，124为准直透镜，125为平面波导衬底，126为微齿形结构，117为屈光度矫正薄负透镜。其基本工作过程为：显示控制器120发出相应的显示信息，显示光源123收到显示信息后通过光波的形式将信息传播出去，通过准直透明124的准直，将光波耦合进入到平面波导衬底125中，光波在平面波导衬底中传输到微齿形结构126所在的位置，被耦合到薄负透镜127中进行屈光度矫正，紧接着被折射到观察者的视野中。通过本发明的组件用于可穿戴显示，一方面可以实现实时观看需要显示的图片信息，另一方面由于本发明的组件没有采用特殊的光阑来完全阻挡外界景物光的进入，因此还可以观察到外面景物的变化。另外根据具体的要求可以在普通眼镜框的两面分别加入波导器件，用于3D显示。由于本发明选取了密度较小的PMMA光学塑料，因此用于双眼穿戴显示时，不会在重量上给佩戴者造成不舒服的感觉。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the monocular application of the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped mosaic planar waveguide optical device of the present invention. 120 is the display controller, 121 is the connection line connecting the display controller and the display light source, 122 is the mirror frame carrying the display light source and the collimating lens, 123 is the display light source, 124 is the collimating lens, and 125 is the planar waveguide substrate , 126 is a micro-toothed structure, and 117 is a thin negative lens for diopter correction. Its basic working process is: the display controller 120 sends out corresponding display information, the display light source 123 transmits the information in the form of light waves after receiving the display information, and through the collimation of the collimation transparent 124, the light waves are coupled into the planar waveguide lining In the bottom 125, the light wave is transmitted in the planar waveguide substrate to the position where the micro-toothed structure 126 is located, is coupled into the thin negative lens 127 for diopter correction, and then is refracted into the viewer's field of view. By using the component of the present invention for wearable display, on the one hand, real-time viewing of the picture information that needs to be displayed can be realized; Changes in scenery outside. In addition, according to specific requirements, waveguide devices can be added to the two sides of the ordinary spectacle frame for 3D display. Since the present invention selects the PMMA optical plastic with low density, it will not cause discomfort to the wearer in terms of weight when used for binocular wearable display.
实施例作用与效果：Embodiment function and effect:
本实施例提供的屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中在微齿形结构的下表面利用二向色旋涂的方式镀有光学薄膜，一方面使大角度入射的光线可以完全返回衬底，另一方面又使小角度的光线可以完全出射齿形结构下表面，避免了观察图像出现重影，同时又提高了图像的对比度。In the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device provided in this embodiment, the lower surface of the micro-tooth structure is coated with an optical film by means of dichroic spin coating, on the one hand, the light incident at a large angle can completely return to the substrate , on the other hand, the light at a small angle can completely exit the lower surface of the tooth-shaped structure, avoiding ghosting in the observed image, and at the same time improving the contrast of the image.
本实施例提供的屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中在矫正薄负透镜的光线出射面镀有增透膜，避免了二次成像，保证了最终观察图像的清晰度。In the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device provided in this embodiment, an anti-reflection coating is coated on the light exit surface of the corrected thin negative lens, which avoids secondary imaging and ensures the clarity of the final observed image.
本实施例提供的屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中平面波导衬底、微齿形结构和薄负透镜均采用密度较小的PMMA光学塑料，使得整个系统的质量较轻，增加了佩戴者使用时的舒服程度。In the diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device provided by this embodiment, the planar waveguide substrate, the micro-toothed structure and the thin negative lens all adopt PMMA optical plastics with less density, which makes the weight of the whole system lighter and increases the wearability. The user's comfort level when using it.
本实施例提供的屈光度矫正的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件中没有采用特殊的光阑来完全阻挡外界景物光的进入，因此，本实施例提供的高效耦合、结构紧凑的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件引用于可穿戴显示时，不仅可以实时观看需要显示的图片信息，还可以观察外面景物的变化。The diopter-corrected tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device provided in this embodiment does not use a special diaphragm to completely block the entry of external scene light. Therefore, the highly efficient coupling and compact tooth-shaped inlaid planar waveguide optical device provided in this embodiment When the device is used in a wearable display, it can not only watch the picture information to be displayed in real time, but also observe the changes of the outside scene.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510036544.8ACN104678555B (en) | 2015-01-24 | 2015-01-24 | The tooth form of diopter correction inlays planar waveguide optical device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510036544.8ACN104678555B (en) | 2015-01-24 | 2015-01-24 | The tooth form of diopter correction inlays planar waveguide optical device |
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| CN104678555A CN104678555A (en) | 2015-06-03 |
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| CN201510036544.8AActiveCN104678555B (en) | 2015-01-24 | 2015-01-24 | The tooth form of diopter correction inlays planar waveguide optical device |
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