技术领域technical field
本发明属于天线技术领域，特别涉及一种基于滑动口面的多波束天线阵。The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-beam antenna array based on a sliding surface.
背景技术Background technique
多波束天线有三种主要的基本类型：反射面天线，相控阵天线和透镜天线。应用较为广泛的是反射面天线，多波束反射面天线由馈源(或者馈源阵)和反射面构成，反射面可以是抛物面，也可以是平面，它可以将不同形式的发散能量转换为平面波，通过转动天线底座或多馈源来获得多波束；它具有结构简单、重量轻、设计成熟、反射损耗低等优点；但同时也有很多不足：波束差异性较大、覆盖范围窄、扫描慢、容易出现相互干扰和遮挡等问题。多波束相控阵由波束形成网络和天线阵两部分组成，通过调节天线阵各单元的激励系数来改变波束指向，可灵活控制波束数目和形状，实现快速扫描和跟踪。同时它具有相控阵的共同劣势：馈电网络损耗大、收发组件复杂、频带窄、波束覆盖范围有限、成本高。多波束透镜天线通常应用于光学领域，如黎曼透镜、龙格透镜、菲涅尔透镜等，它的工作原理类似于反射面天线，不同的是透射天线的出射波和入射波位于透射阵面的异侧，而反射面天线的出射波和入射波位于反射阵面的同侧。多波束透镜天线可以同时产生多个一致性较好的扫描波束，带宽取决于馈源，可实现宽角度波束扫描且扫描角度随频率独立，不存在馈源的遮挡效应；它的缺点是相对反射面天线设计较为复杂，存在反射损耗，现有材料种类的稀少限制了透镜天线技术的发展。There are three main basic types of multibeam antennas: reflector antennas, phased array antennas, and lens antennas. The reflector antenna is widely used. The multi-beam reflector antenna is composed of a feed source (or feed array) and a reflector. The reflector can be a paraboloid or a plane. It can convert different forms of divergent energy into plane waves. , to obtain multiple beams by rotating the antenna base or multiple feeds; it has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, mature design, and low reflection loss; but it also has many shortcomings: large beam differences, narrow coverage, slow scanning, It is prone to problems such as mutual interference and occlusion. The multi-beam phased array is composed of two parts: the beamforming network and the antenna array. By adjusting the excitation coefficient of each unit of the antenna array to change the beam pointing, the number and shape of the beam can be flexibly controlled to achieve fast scanning and tracking. At the same time, it has the common disadvantages of phased arrays: large feed network loss, complex transceiver components, narrow frequency band, limited beam coverage, and high cost. Multi-beam lens antennas are usually used in the optical field, such as Riemann lenses, Runge lenses, Fresnel lenses, etc. Its working principle is similar to that of reflective surface antennas. The difference is that the outgoing and incident waves of the transmission antenna are located on the transmission front The opposite side of the reflector antenna, while the outgoing wave and the incident wave of the reflector antenna are located on the same side of the reflector. The multi-beam lens antenna can generate multiple scanning beams with good consistency at the same time. The bandwidth depends on the feed source. It can realize wide-angle beam scanning and the scanning angle is independent of frequency. There is no shading effect of the feed source; its disadvantage is relative reflection The design of planar antenna is relatively complex, and there is reflection loss. The scarcity of existing materials limits the development of lens antenna technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于滑动口面的多波束天线阵，定义有效口面为对主波束指向起主要作用的天线阵的局部口面区域，单馈源照射天线口面时，滑动馈源，有效口面随着馈源的滑动 在天线阵上滑动，可以产生多个不同指向的扫描波束；馈源阵照射天线口面时，每个馈源对应的有效口面不同，可以同时产生多波束；天线阵采用反射阵或者透射阵的形式，有效口面上每个单元的补偿相位补偿了馈源照射到有效口面上不同单元时由于距离不同而产生的相位差，同时从而在天线口面上形成特定的实际口面相位分布，获得高增益扫描波束或高增益覆盖波束；这样，不同位置的馈源照射天线阵时由天线阵的不同局部口面区域有效口面决定主波束特性；本发明通过牺牲口面效率的方式，获得了更多的口面设计自由度，可以实现宽角度波束扫描或大范围波束覆盖。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multi-beam antenna array based on the sliding surface, define the effective surface as the local surface area of the antenna array that plays a major role in the direction of the main beam, single-fed When the source irradiates the antenna face, slide the feed, and the effective face slides on the antenna array with the sliding of the feed, which can generate multiple scanning beams with different directions; when the feed array irradiates the antenna face, each feed corresponds to Different effective apertures can generate multiple beams at the same time; the antenna array adopts the form of reflection array or transmission array. At the same time, a specific actual phase distribution is formed on the antenna surface to obtain a high-gain scanning beam or a high-gain coverage beam; in this way, when the feed sources at different positions irradiate the antenna array, different local ports of the antenna array The effective face of the face area determines the characteristics of the main beam; the present invention obtains more degrees of freedom in the design of the face by sacrificing the efficiency of the face, and can realize wide-angle beam scanning or wide-range beam coverage.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
基于滑动口面的多波束天线阵，其特征在于，包括：The multi-beam antenna array based on sliding surface, is characterized in that, comprises:
天线阵1，为由若干个天线单元3构成的一维直线阵列或一维曲线阵列或二维平面阵列或二维曲面阵列；The antenna array 1 is a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional curved array or a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional curved surface array composed of several antenna elements 3;
馈源阵2，为由若干个馈源4构成的一维直线阵列或一维曲线阵列或二维平面阵列或二维曲面阵列；The feed source array 2 is a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional curved array or a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional curved surface array composed of several feed sources 4;
其中，所述馈源4用于照射所述天线阵1，馈源4可以在馈源阵2所在的曲面上移动。在不同的馈源位置上所对应天线阵1的照射区域不同，从而产生指向不同方向的波束。当同时采用多个馈源4构成的阵列时，可以同时产生指向不同方向的波束。Wherein, the feed source 4 is used to illuminate the antenna array 1 , and the feed source 4 can move on the curved surface where the feed source array 2 is located. Different feed positions correspond to different irradiation areas of the antenna array 1 , thereby generating beams pointing in different directions. When an array composed of multiple feed sources 4 is used at the same time, beams pointing to different directions can be generated simultaneously.
所述天线单元3为反射式单元或透射式单元，从而构成反射阵或透射阵。The antenna unit 3 is a reflective unit or a transmissive unit, thereby forming a reflective array or a transmissive array.
所述若干个天线单元3提供多个不同的补偿相位，入射波照射所述天线单元3时，入射波和出射波位之间存在由所述天线单元3提供的补偿相位差，当所述天线单元3为反射式单元时，入射波和出射波位于天线单元3的同侧；当所述天线单元3为透射式单元时，入射波和出射波位于天线单元3的异侧。The plurality of antenna units 3 provide multiple different compensation phases. When the incident wave irradiates the antenna unit 3, there is a compensation phase difference provided by the antenna unit 3 between the incident wave and the outgoing wave position. When the antenna When the unit 3 is a reflective unit, the incident wave and the outgoing wave are located on the same side of the antenna unit 3; when the antenna unit 3 is a transmissive unit, the incident wave and the outgoing wave are located on different sides of the antenna unit 3.
所述馈源4具有特定形状的方向图，可以根据实际需求，选取方向图满足具体的指标要求的馈源。The feed source 4 has a pattern of a specific shape, and a feed source whose pattern meets specific index requirements can be selected according to actual needs.
所述馈源阵2相对天线阵1沿不同方向滑动，馈源阵2照射所述天线阵1时，组成其的每个馈源4所对应的有效口面在天线阵1的不同局部口面区， 分别将每个馈源4照射的非平面波转换为平面波，同时产生不同指向的、一致性较好多个高增益覆盖波束。The feed array 2 slides in different directions relative to the antenna array 1, and when the feed array 2 irradiates the antenna array 1, the effective apertures corresponding to each feed source 4 are on different local apertures of the antenna array 1. In the area, the non-plane waves irradiated by each feed 4 are converted into plane waves, and multiple high-gain coverage beams with different directions and good consistency are generated at the same time.
所述单个馈源4照射所述天线阵1时，馈源4相对天线阵1沿不同方向滑动，馈源4所对应的有效口面随着滑动方向在天线阵1上滑动，馈源4在不同位置时所对应的有效口面将照射的非平面波转换为平面波，产生不同指向的、一致性较好的高增益扫描波束。When the single feed source 4 irradiates the antenna array 1, the feed source 4 slides in different directions relative to the antenna array 1, and the effective mouth surface corresponding to the feed source 4 slides on the antenna array 1 along with the sliding direction, and the feed source 4 slides on the antenna array 1 along with the sliding direction. The effective mouth surface corresponding to different positions converts the irradiated non-plane wave into a plane wave, and generates high-gain scanning beams with different directions and good consistency.
当所述天线单元3为反射式单元时，滑动馈源4或者馈源阵2照射产生不同指向的反射波束；当所述天线单元3为透射式单元时，滑动馈源4或者馈源阵2照射产生不同指向的透射波束。When the antenna unit 3 is a reflective unit, the sliding feed 4 or the feed array 2 irradiates reflected beams of different directions; when the antenna unit 3 is a transmissive unit, the sliding feed 4 or the feed array 2 Illumination produces transmitted beams of different orientations.
所述天线阵1形状为矩形、正方形、圆形或椭圆形。The shape of the antenna array 1 is rectangle, square, circle or ellipse.
所述天线阵1的口面相位分布设计规则为：The design rules for the phase distribution of the antenna array 1 are as follows:
当某个馈源照射天线阵1的部分边缘区域时，形成的出射波束指向某个最大方向；该馈源照射天线阵1的另一部分边缘区域时，形成的出射波束指向另一个最大方向；中间部分的馈源产生的波束在上述两个最大方向之间。When a feed source illuminates a part of the edge area of the antenna array 1, the outgoing beam formed points to a certain maximum direction; when the feed source illuminates another part of the edge area of the antenna array 1, the formed outgoing beam points to another maximum direction; in the middle Part of the feed produces beams between the above two maximal directions.
天线单元3的补偿相位可以针对不同指标进行优化，以实现增益最大、或者副瓣电平更低、或者其他的指标要求，从而得到各种衍生的相位分布生成方法。The compensation phase of the antenna unit 3 can be optimized according to different indexes to achieve maximum gain, lower sidelobe level, or other index requirements, so as to obtain various derived phase distribution generation methods.
本发明中，馈源阵2采用一维设计时，当单个馈源4沿一维线路移动，对应天线阵1的照射区域不同，从而产生指向不同方向的波束。In the present invention, when the feed source array 2 adopts a one-dimensional design, when a single feed source 4 moves along a one-dimensional line, the irradiation area corresponding to the antenna array 1 is different, thereby generating beams pointing in different directions.
馈源阵2采用二维设计时，当单个馈源4沿一个方向移动，对应天线阵1的照射区域不同，从而产生指向不同方向的波束；当单个馈源4在另一个方向移动时，对应的天线阵1的照射区域基本不变，此时在有限区域内产生指向不同方向的波束。When the feed array 2 adopts a two-dimensional design, when a single feed 4 moves in one direction, the irradiation area corresponding to the antenna array 1 is different, thereby generating beams pointing in different directions; when a single feed 4 moves in another direction, the corresponding The irradiation area of the antenna array 1 is basically unchanged, and at this time, beams pointing to different directions are generated in a limited area.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1)天线阵可以设计成平面结构，利用平面印刷电路板工艺加工。利用平面印刷电路板加工工艺制作的多波束透射天线阵，与光学领域的多波束透镜天线相比，方便于制作大口径天线，并且成本低廉。(1) The antenna array can be designed as a planar structure and processed by a planar printed circuit board process. Compared with the multi-beam lens antenna in the optical field, the multi-beam transmission antenna array manufactured by the planar printed circuit board processing technology is convenient for making large-diameter antennas, and the cost is low.
(2)单个馈源沿不同方向滑动时，其所对应有效口面也在随之滑动，产生一致性较好的高增益扫描波束。(2) When a single feed slides in different directions, its corresponding effective aperture also slides accordingly, producing a high-gain scanning beam with good consistency.
(3)馈源阵照射天线口面时，不同的馈源所对应的有效口面不同，产生多个一致性较好的高增益覆盖波束。(3) When the feed array irradiates the antenna aperture, different feeds correspond to different effective apertures, resulting in multiple high-gain coverage beams with good consistency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1表示本发明的二维滑动口面天线阵和二维馈源阵配置，其中包括：1(a)三维视图，1(b)顶视图(XY面)。Fig. 1 shows the configuration of the two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array and the two-dimensional feed array of the present invention, including: 1(a) three-dimensional view, 1(b) top view (XY plane).
图2表示图1(b)中四个虚线小正方形所圈的馈源照射二维天线阵时，每个馈源所对应的有效口面变化情况。Fig. 2 shows the change of the effective aperture surface corresponding to each feed source when the feed source circled by the four dotted-line small squares in Fig. 1(b) irradiates the two-dimensional antenna array.
图3(a)表示本发明的一维滑动口面天线阵和一维馈源阵配置，图3(b)表示一维天线阵口面补偿相位分布。Fig. 3(a) shows the configuration of the one-dimensional sliding aperture antenna array and the one-dimensional feed source array of the present invention, and Fig. 3(b) shows the compensation phase distribution of the one-dimensional antenna array aperture.
图4表示图3(a)中三个虚线小圆圈所圈的馈源照射一维天线阵(以反射阵为例)时，每个馈源所对应的有效口面、每个馈源照射一维天线阵时产生的实际口面相位分布和最大方向示意。Fig. 4 shows that when the feed source circled by the three small dotted circles in Fig. 3(a) irradiates the one-dimensional antenna array (taking the reflector array as an example), the effective aperture surface corresponding to each feed source, and each feed source irradiates a The actual mouth-to-face phase distribution and maximum direction representation produced when the antenna array is three-dimensional.
图5表示本发明的二维滑动口面天线阵和X方向一维馈源阵配置，二维天线阵为12型矩形阵列，图5(a)、5(b)、5(c)表示馈源沿X方向滑动时所对应的有效口面滑动情况。Fig. 5 represents the configuration of two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array and X direction one-dimensional feed source array of the present invention, and two-dimensional antenna array is 12 type rectangular arrays, and Fig. 5 (a), 5 (b), 5 (c) represent feed The effective orifice-surface sliding situation corresponding to the source sliding along the X direction.
图6表示本发明的二维滑动口面天线阵和Y方向一维馈源阵配置，二维天线阵为12型矩形阵列，图6(a)、6(b)、6(c)表示馈源沿Y方向滑动时所对应的有效口面滑动情况。Fig. 6 shows the configuration of two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array and Y direction one-dimensional feed source array of the present invention, two-dimensional antenna array is 12 type rectangular arrays, and Fig. 6 (a), 6 (b), 6 (c) represent feed The corresponding effective mouth-surface sliding situation when the source slides along the Y direction.
图7表示本发明的二维滑动口面天线阵(以反射阵为例)和二维馈源阵的一个具体实施例配置，其中包括：7(a)三维视图，7(b)顶视图(XY面)。Fig. 7 shows the configuration of a specific embodiment of the two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array (taking the reflection array as an example) and the two-dimensional feed source array of the present invention, including: 7 (a) three-dimensional view, 7 (b) top view ( XY surface).
图8为按图7的结构配置的二维滑动口面天线阵的波束特性：图8(a)为馈源阵8中从馈源85到馈源86的Y方向一维馈源阵照射二维天线阵7时在YZ面内得到归一化二维方向图。图8(b)为馈源阵8中对角线上从馈源81到馈源84的一维馈源阵照射二维天线阵7时在面内得到归一化二维方向 图。Fig. 8 is the beam characteristic of the two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array configured by the structure of Fig. 7: Fig. 8 (a) is that the Y-direction one-dimensional feed array from feed source 85 to feed source 86 in feed array 8 illuminates two When the dimensional antenna array is 7, the normalized two-dimensional pattern is obtained in the YZ plane. Figure 8 (b) is a normalized two-dimensional pattern obtained in the plane when the two-dimensional antenna array 7 is irradiated by the one-dimensional feed source array from the feed source 81 to the feed source 84 on the diagonal line in the feed source array 8.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明的实施方式。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.
图1(a)表示本发明的二维的滑动口面天线阵1和二维的馈源阵2配置，图1(a)中的圆圈代表天线单元3，五角星代表馈源4；天线阵1由若干个天线单元3构成，馈源阵2由若干个馈源4构成并且距离天线阵1有一定的高度；天线阵1和馈源阵2可以是正方形、矩形、圆形、椭圆形等各种形状的平面二维阵列，也可以是各种形状的曲面二维阵列。Fig. 1 (a) shows the two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array 1 of the present invention and the two-dimensional feed source array 2 configurations, and the circle in Fig. 1 (a) represents the antenna element 3, and the five-pointed star represents the feed source 4; Antenna array 1 is composed of several antenna units 3, and the feed array 2 is composed of several feed sources 4 and has a certain height from the antenna array 1; the antenna array 1 and the feed array 2 can be square, rectangular, circular, oval, etc. Planar two-dimensional arrays of various shapes may also be curved two-dimensional arrays of various shapes.
图2表示图1(b)中四个虚线小正方形所圈的馈源21、22、23、24照射二维天线阵1时，每个馈源分别所对应的有效口面11、12、13、14，此时其它单元上也会受到馈源的照射，但是和有效口面内单元相比它们接收到的信号功率较小；不同位置的馈源所对应的有效口面不同，分别对比图2(a)和2(b)、图2(c)和2(d)可知：馈源沿Y方向滑动时，其所对应的的有效口面沿Y方向在二维天线阵1上滑动；分别对比图2(a)和2(c)、图2(b)和2(d)可知：馈源沿X方向滑动时，其所对应的有效口面沿X方向在二维天线阵1上滑动。Fig. 2 shows that when the feed sources 21, 22, 23, and 24 circled by the four dotted-line small squares in Fig. 1(b) irradiate the two-dimensional antenna array 1, the effective aperture surfaces 11, 12, and 13 corresponding to each feed source respectively , 14. At this time, other units will also be irradiated by the feed source, but the signal power received by them is smaller than that of the effective in-plane unit; the feed sources in different positions correspond to different effective orifice surfaces. 2(a) and 2(b), Figures 2(c) and 2(d), it can be seen that when the feed slides along the Y direction, its corresponding effective aperture slides along the Y direction on the two-dimensional antenna array 1; Comparing Figures 2(a) and 2(c), Figures 2(b) and 2(d) respectively, it can be seen that when the feed slides along the X direction, the corresponding effective mouth surface is on the two-dimensional antenna array 1 along the X direction slide.
图3(a)表示本发明的一维滑动口面天线阵5和一维馈源阵6配置，假设一维天线阵5由41个可提供不同补偿相位的天线单元3构成；图3(b)为一维天线阵5的一种口面补偿相位分布，这里的口面补偿相位分布只是一个示例，实际中可以根据具体的指标要求，利用多种不同的优化算法，得到对应的口面补偿相位分布。Fig. 3 (a) shows the configuration of one-dimensional sliding surface antenna array 5 and one-dimensional feed source array 6 of the present invention, assuming that one-dimensional antenna array 5 is made of 41 antenna elements 3 that can provide different compensation phases; Fig. 3 (b ) is an orifice-surface compensation phase distribution of the one-dimensional antenna array 5. The orifice-surface compensation phase distribution here is just an example. In practice, a variety of different optimization algorithms can be used according to specific index requirements to obtain the corresponding orifice-surface compensation phase distribution.
图4以反射阵为例，来详细说明图3中一维滑动口面天线阵的工作原理，图4(a)-4(f)表示图3(a)中三个虚线小圆圈所圈的馈源25、26、27照射口面补偿相位分布为图3(b)的一维天线阵5时，每个馈源所对应的有效口面、每个馈源照射一维天线阵5时产生的实际口面相位分布(实际口面相位分布是指馈源照射相位分布和口面补偿相位的叠加)和最大方向示意：当馈源25照射一维天线阵5时，有效口面为一维天线阵5右侧21个单元，如 图4(b)中实心天线单元所示，此时其它单元上也会受到馈源的照射，但是和有效口面内单元相比它们接收到的信号功率较小。图4(b)中一维天线阵5的实际口面相位分布如图4(a)所示，有效口面上的实际口面相位分布决定了馈源25照射一维天线阵5时的最大波束方向，如图4(a)所示；当馈源由25变为馈源26、27时，有效口面随着馈源的右移沿着一维天线阵5右移，如图4(d)和4(f)所示，对应的天线阵的实际口面相位分布和波束最大方向的变化如图4(c)和4(e)所示，最大波束方向随着馈源的右移在连续扫描，形成扫描波束。值得注意的是，这里以一维天线阵5为反射阵为例，一维天线阵5也可以是透射阵，此时口面修正相位分布和实际口面相位分布保持不变，最大方向发生变化，与反射阵的最大方向关于天线阵对称。Figure 4 takes the reflection array as an example to describe in detail the working principle of the one-dimensional sliding surface antenna array in Figure 3. Figure 4(a)-4(f) represents the three dotted circles in Figure 3(a). When feed sources 25, 26, and 27 irradiate the aperture compensation phase distribution as the one-dimensional antenna array 5 in Fig. 3(b), the effective aperture corresponding to each feed source and each feed source irradiating the one-dimensional antenna array 5 produce The actual mouth-face phase distribution (the actual mouth-face phase distribution refers to the superposition of the feed source irradiation phase distribution and the mouth-face compensation phase) and the maximum direction: when the feed source 25 illuminates the one-dimensional antenna array 5, the effective mouth-face is one-dimensional There are 21 units on the right side of the antenna array 5, as shown by the solid antenna unit in Figure 4(b). At this time, other units will also be irradiated by the feed source, but compared with the effective in-plane units, the signal power received by them is smaller. The actual face-to-face phase distribution of the one-dimensional antenna array 5 in Fig. 4(b) is shown in Fig. 4(a), the actual face-to-face phase distribution on the effective face determines the maximum Beam direction, as shown in Figure 4(a); when the feed source changes from 25 to 26, 27, the effective aperture moves right along with the feed source along the one-dimensional antenna array 5, as shown in Figure 4( As shown in d) and 4(f), the actual mouth-surface phase distribution and the change of the maximum beam direction of the corresponding antenna array are shown in Fig. 4(c) and 4(e), and the maximum beam direction moves to the right with the feed source During continuous scanning, a scanning beam is formed. It is worth noting that here we take the one-dimensional antenna array 5 as a reflection array as an example, and the one-dimensional antenna array 5 can also be a transmission array. At this time, the corrected phase distribution of the mouth surface and the actual phase distribution of the mouth surface remain unchanged, and the maximum direction changes , and the maximum direction of the reflectarray is symmetric about the antenna array.
图5表示本发明的二维滑动口面天线阵和X方向一维馈源阵配置，这里的二维天线阵为图1中二维天线阵1的一个简化特例：为1×2型矩形阵列；实心五角星表示照射馈源，空心五角星所表示的馈源不工作，实心圆圈表示照射馈源所对应的有效口面。图5(a)、5(b)、5(c)表示馈源沿X方向滑动时，不同位置的馈源所对应的有效口面保持不变，虽然口面补偿相位相同，但是随着馈源沿X方向的滑动，不同位置的馈源照射到有效口面上的波程差产生的照射口面相位分布不同，导致实际口面相位分布在不断变化，从而产生不同指向的波束；Fig. 5 shows the configuration of the two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array and the X-direction one-dimensional feed source array of the present invention, where the two-dimensional antenna array is a simplified special case of the two-dimensional antenna array 1 in Fig. 1: it is a 1×2 type rectangular array ;The solid five-pointed star indicates the irradiation feed, the hollow five-pointed star indicates that the feed is not working, and the solid circle indicates the effective mouth surface corresponding to the irradiation feed. Figures 5(a), 5(b) and 5(c) show that when the feed slides along the X direction, the effective orifice corresponding to the feed at different positions remains unchanged. Although the orifice-surface compensation phase is the same, the The source slides along the X direction, and the wave path difference between the feed sources at different positions irradiates the effective aperture surface, resulting in different phase distributions of the illuminated aperture surface, resulting in constant changes in the actual aperture phase distribution, resulting in beams of different orientations;
图6表示图5所示的1×2型二维滑动口面天线阵和Y方向一维馈源阵配置，图6(a)、6(b)、6(c)馈源沿Y方向滑动时，有效口面也沿着Y方向在二维天线阵上滑动，虽然不同位置的馈源照射到其所对应的有效口面上的波程差产生的照射口面相位分布相同，但是不同有效口面的口面补偿相位分布不同，导致实际口面相位分布在不断变化，从而产生不同指向的波束。Figure 6 shows the configuration of the 1×2 two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array and the Y-direction one-dimensional feed array shown in Figure 5, and the feeds in Figures 6(a), 6(b), and 6(c) slide along the Y direction , the effective aperture also slides along the Y direction on the two-dimensional antenna array. Although the phase distributions of the illuminated apertures are the same due to the difference in wave path between feeds at different positions irradiating their corresponding effective apertures, the effective apertures differ from each other. The orifice-surface compensation phase distribution is different, resulting in the actual orifice-surface phase distribution constantly changing, resulting in beams with different directions.
下面结合具体实施例，以工作频率为30GHz的二维滑动口面反射阵为例进一步详细说明本发明的技术方案实施过程。The implementation process of the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below by taking a two-dimensional sliding surface reflection array with a working frequency of 30 GHz as an example in conjunction with specific embodiments.
图7表示本发明实施例所采取的二维滑动口面天线阵7和二维馈源阵8的配置：二维天线阵7以由21×21个反射式天线单元3构成的平面正方形反 射阵为例，天线单元间距为半波长5mm，天线阵口面尺寸为52.5mm×52.5mm。二维天线阵7可以看作由四块相同的正方形二维子阵71、72、73、74构成，每块子阵由11×11个反射式单元3构成，并且相邻两子阵共用中心行或者中心列；二维馈源阵8以由11×11个馈源4构成的平面阵为例，这里的馈源方向图以cos4.3(θ)为例，馈源间距为半波长5mm，在XY平面俯视，二维馈源阵8位于二维天线阵7的中心区域。首先来说明二维天线阵7的口面补偿相位分布设计思想：在不同焦径比(馈源阵8距离天线阵7的高度与天线阵7的边长之比)的情况下，位于馈源阵8左上方顶点处的馈源81照射子天线阵71时，子天线阵71产生的实际口面相位分布使得反射波束的最大方向指向 θm＝45°。根据最大增益和最小旁瓣的原则先确定最佳焦径比：确定的最佳焦径比为0.76，即馈源阵8距天线阵7高度为40mm；然后在这个焦径比的情况下，得到子阵71的口面补偿相位分布。子阵72、73的相位分布通过沿XZ面、YZ面镜像子阵71除去中心列和中心行的剩余口面补偿相位得到，子阵74的相位分布通过沿XZ面镜像子阵73除去中心列的口面补偿相位或者沿YZ面镜像72除去中心行的口面补偿相位分布得到。注意：相邻子阵共用一行或者一列天线单元。从而，整个滑动口面天线阵系统，包括天线阵7的单元数目和分布、天线阵7的口面补偿相位分布、馈源阵8的数目和分布以及馈源单元方向图都确定了下来。这样，不同的馈源对应的有效口面不同，例如：馈源81的有效口面是子阵71，馈源82的有效口面是子阵72，馈源83的有效口面是子阵73，馈源84的有效口面是子阵74。随着馈源沿X方向或者Y方向滑动，其对应的有效口面也沿X方向或者Y方向在天线阵7上滑动，从而产生不同的实际口面相位分布，这样就产生了连续的扫描波束；如果是二维馈源阵8照射二维天线阵7，则二维天线阵7的不同口面区对应着每个馈源的有效口面，不同的有效口面上产生不同的实际口面相位分布，这样就可以产生覆盖波束。Fig. 7 shows the configuration of the two-dimensional sliding surface antenna array 7 and the two-dimensional feed source array 8 adopted by the embodiment of the present invention: the two-dimensional antenna array 7 is a plane square reflection array composed of 21 * 21 reflective antenna units 3 For example, the spacing between antenna elements is 5mm at half wavelength, and the size of the antenna array is 52.5mm×52.5mm. The two-dimensional antenna array 7 can be regarded as consisting of four identical square two-dimensional sub-arrays 71, 72, 73, 74, each sub-array is composed of 11×11 reflective units 3, and two adjacent sub-arrays share the center row or central column; the two-dimensional feed array 8 is an example of a planar array composed of 11×11 feeds 4, the feed pattern here takes cos4.3 (θ) as an example, and the feed spacing is half wavelength 5mm, Looking down on the XY plane, the two-dimensional feed array 8 is located in the central area of the two-dimensional antenna array 7 . First, let’s explain the design idea of the phase distribution of the two-dimensional antenna array 7’s mouth-to-surface compensation: in the case of different focal-diameter ratios (the ratio of the height of the feed array 8 to the antenna array 7 and the side length of the antenna array 7), the When the feed source 81 at the upper left vertex of the array 8 illuminates the sub-antenna array 71, the actual mouth-surface phase distribution produced by the sub-antenna array 71 makes the maximum direction of the reflected beam point to θm =45°. According to the principle of maximum gain and minimum side lobe, first determine the optimal focal diameter ratio: the determined optimal focal diameter ratio is 0.76, that is, the height of the feed array 8 from the antenna array 7 is 40mm; then in the case of this focal diameter ratio, The orifice-surface compensation phase distribution of the sub-array 71 is obtained. The phase distribution of the sub-arrays 72 and 73 is obtained by removing the remaining surface compensation phases of the center column and the center row of the sub-array 71 along the XZ plane and the YZ plane, and the phase distribution of the sub-array 74 is obtained by removing the center column of the sub-array 73 along the XZ plane Oral-surface compensation phase or the distribution of the oral-surface compensation phase along the YZ plane image 72 is obtained by removing the center row. Note: Adjacent sub-arrays share one row or one column of antenna elements. Thus, the entire sliding aperture antenna array system, including the number and distribution of elements of the antenna array 7, the aperture compensation phase distribution of the antenna array 7, the number and distribution of the feed array 8, and the pattern of the feed elements are determined. In this way, different feed sources correspond to different effective facets, for example: the effective facet of the feed source 81 is the subarray 71, the effective facet of the feed source 82 is the subarray 72, and the effective facet of the feed source 83 is the subarray 73 , the effective interface of the feed source 84 is the sub-array 74 . As the feed slides along the X or Y direction, its corresponding effective aperture also slides along the X or Y direction on the antenna array 7, resulting in different actual aperture phase distributions, thus producing a continuous scanning beam ; If the two-dimensional feed source array 8 irradiates the two-dimensional antenna array 7, then the different aperture areas of the two-dimensional antenna array 7 correspond to the effective aperture of each feed source, and different effective apertures produce different actual aperture phases bit distribution so that coverage beams can be produced.
本发明的该实施例的具体结果说明如下：The specific result of this embodiment of the present invention is described as follows:
以图7所示结构配置的二维滑动口面反射阵的方向图计算结果如图8所示，图8(a)表示馈源阵8中从馈源85到馈源86的Y方向一维馈源阵照射二维天线阵7时在YZ面内产生的归一化二维方向图，馈源85对应的波束最大方向为θm＝29°，馈源86对应的波束最大方向为θm＝-29°，其余馈源对应的波束最大方向位于θm＝29°到θm＝-29°之间；图8(b)表示馈源阵8中从馈源81到馈源84的对角线方向一维馈源阵照射二维天线阵7时在面内产生的归一化二维方向图，此时每个馈源照射二维天线阵7产生的最大方向都位于的俯仰面内，馈源81对应的波束最大方向为θm＝43°，馈源84对应的波束最大方向为θm＝-43°，其余馈源对应的波束最大方向位于θm＝43°到θm＝-43°之间。利用实施例产生的多波束具有波形相似、波束一致性较好、旁瓣较低、扫描(覆盖)范围大等优点，非常适于多波束应用。Figure 8 shows the calculation results of the directivity pattern of the two-dimensional sliding surface reflector array configured as shown in Figure 7. Figure 8(a) shows the one-dimensional The normalized two-dimensional pattern produced in the YZ plane when the feed array irradiates the two-dimensional antenna array 7, the maximum beam direction corresponding to the feed source 85 is θm = 29°, and the maximum beam direction corresponding to the feed source 86 is θm =-29°, the maximum beam directions corresponding to the rest of the feeds are located between θm =29° to θm =-29°; Fig. 8(b) shows the pairs from feed 81 to feed 84 in the feed array 8 When the one-dimensional feed array in the direction of the angular line irradiates the two-dimensional antenna array 7, the The normalized two-dimensional pattern generated in the plane, at this time, the maximum direction generated by each feed source irradiating the two-dimensional antenna array 7 is located at In the elevation plane of , the maximum beam direction corresponding to feed source 81 is θm =43°, the maximum beam direction corresponding to feed source 84 is θm =-43°, and the maximum beam direction corresponding to other feed sources is located at θm =43° to θm = -43°. The multi-beam generated by using the embodiment has the advantages of similar waveform, good beam consistency, low side lobe, large scanning (coverage) range, etc., and is very suitable for multi-beam application.
本发明的滑动口面多波束天线阵，在未来希望应用于第五代移动通信基站天线，用多波束来产生区域覆盖。The sliding surface multi-beam antenna array of the present invention is expected to be applied to fifth-generation mobile communication base station antennas in the future, using multi-beams to generate area coverage.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510044150.7ACN104600438B (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2015-01-28 | Multi-beam antenna array based on sliding hole surface |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510044150.7ACN104600438B (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2015-01-28 | Multi-beam antenna array based on sliding hole surface |
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| CN104600438Atrue CN104600438A (en) | 2015-05-06 |
| CN104600438B CN104600438B (en) | 2017-04-19 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510044150.7AActiveCN104600438B (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2015-01-28 | Multi-beam antenna array based on sliding hole surface |
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