A kind ofly promote the bionical fracture fixation device of the micropore of union of fractureTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fixture of fractures, belong to orthopedic medical device technical field.
Background technology
In fractures, how carry out resetting according to skeletal structure and be fixedly very important content, this will directly have influence on the recovery degree of fracture site, become the key of operation success or failure.From anatomically seeing that bone is primarily of structures such as sclerotin, periosteum, bone marrow.Sclerotin divides compact bone and spongy bone two class, and compact bone densification is solid, and resistance to pressure is strong, is distributed in the surface of bone.Spongy bone is positioned at the inside of bone, is made up of, short texture intertexture bone trabecula into the net.Bone trabecular orientation, most all consistent with the direction of bearing pressure of this bone.Bone trabecula can be divided into opinion power bone trabecula, auxiliary tension force bone trabecula and principal pressure bone trabecula, aux. pressure bone trabecula, different in different parts bone trabecula direction out of shape.Human skeleton is by the impact of stress, and load increases bone and increases thick, and load reduces bone and attenuates.Skeleton makes every effort to reach a kind of optimum structure in growth course, and namely the form of skeleton and material are by the regulation and control of personal activity level, make it enough to bear mechanical load, but do not increase the burden of metabolism transhipment.According to above-mentioned principle, fracture moulds the Changing Pattern display of process again, and if any displacement after fracture, will have obvious callus formation in recessed side, the direction of transfer along compressive stress arranges by its interior bone girder, and will have the absorption of bone in convex side.
At present, fracture of femoral neck, intertrochanteric fracture, Methods for Distal Femoral Fractures, Proximal tibia fracture are clinical common injury, need to carry out to comprise Gama nail (Gamma), hollow (pulling force) screw etc. in the treatment fixing, its major complications comprise nonunion, delayed union, inside-fixture loosen, fracture.Tradition fracture inside-fixture insert after due to the volume occupation time process of inner matter, destroy broken ends of fractured bone bone trabecula, affect the bone trabecular growth of two broken ends of fractured bone and recover its seriality, inside and outside marrow, growth of spur is unbalanced, especially senile osteoporosis fracture, after possible cortical bone healing, spongy bone healing is poor, affect bone healing intensity, sometimes may cause fracture delayed union and refracture.
Along with the development of orthopaedics Internal fixation technology, be necessary very much to design new fixture, make fractures under the guidance of biology and biomechanical principle, make the cortex of fracture and main bone trabecula grow reconstruction simultaneously, realize fracture inside and outside marrow and heal simultaneously.Such can accelerating bone healing speed, improve healing of fracture and intensity, reduce nonunion, the incidence rate of the complication such as delayed union, inside-fixture loosen, fracture.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide and a kind ofly promotes the bionical fracture fixation device of the micropore of union of fracture, it is theoretical that the bionical fracture fixation device of this micropore make use of bionical internal fixtion, make fracture recover to follow conduction and the load character of fracture self, fractures can be made to reach satisfied reset and healing effect.
The technical scheme solved the problems of the technologies described above is:
A kind ofly promote the bionical fracture fixation device of the micropore of union of fracture, it comprises the internal fixation nail of a round bar shape, there is through hole at the center of internal fixation nail, there is internal fixtion screw thread internal fixation nail one end, the other end has locking mechanism, the two ends of internal fixation nail lay respectively in the skeleton of fracture site both sides, tensioned hole on the body of rod of internal fixation nail, the two ends in tension force hole are positioned at the body of rod both sides of internal fixation nail, tension force hole is through the central axis of internal fixation nail, the axis in tension force hole is consistent with the bone trabecular direction of tension force, multiple tension force hole is arranged in parallel along the axis of internal fixation nail, the position in tension force hole is relative with fracture site, the body of rod of the internal fixation nail between adjacent strain hole there is densely covered microcellular structure respectively, the diameter in tension force hole is 0.1-3mm, the aperture of micropore is 1-50um.
The bionical fracture fixation device of micropore of above-mentioned promotion union of fracture, described internal fixation nail is the staple of the neck of femur both sides connecting fracture, internal fixation nail has one end of internal fixtion screw thread to be connected with the femoral head of fracture, the locking mechanism of the other end of internal fixation nail is connected to lateral side of femur, the position in the tension force hole of internal fixation nail is positioned at the neck of femur both sides of fracture, in femur, there is femur to fix main nail along femoral axis, connecting hole is arranged at the top that femur fixes main nail, the diameter of connecting hole and the external diameter of internal fixation nail match, the axis of axis and internal fixation nail that femur fixes main nail has the angle of 90-140 degree.
The bionical fracture fixation device of micropore of above-mentioned promotion union of fracture, described internal fixation nail is the staple of the femur both sides connecting fracture, internal fixation nail is along femoral axis, the upper end of internal fixation nail is connected to the top of femur, the lower end of internal fixation nail is connected in Fracture of femur part, and the position in the tension force hole of internal fixation nail is positioned at the femur both sides of fracture.
The bionical fracture fixation device of micropore of above-mentioned promotion union of fracture, the end face that described internal fixation nail is positioned at lateral side of femur has gap, gap and end face central vertical, the direction of gap and the axial consistent of tension force hole.
The bionical fracture fixation device of micropore of above-mentioned promotion union of fracture, described internal fixation nail may be used for the replacement and fixation of fracture of tibia, the one end of internal fixtion screw thread that has of internal fixation nail is connected with the tibia of inner side through the tibia of outside fracture, the locking mechanism of the other end of internal fixation nail is positioned at the outside of the tibia junction steel plate of outside fracture, and the position in the tension force hole of internal fixation nail is positioned at the tibia sites both sides of fracture.
The bionical fracture fixation device of micropore of above-mentioned promotion union of fracture, described internal fixation nail can also be used for the replacement and fixation of fracture of calcaneus, the two ends of internal fixation nail lay respectively at the both sides of calcaneus, there is screw thread one end of internal fixation nail, screw thread there is locknut, the other end of internal fixation nail has the head of a nail, and tightening locknut can fix fracture calcaneus, and the position in the tension force hole of internal fixation nail is positioned at the both sides, calcaneus position of fracture.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The micropore that the present invention devises tension force hole respectively and gathers on the internal fixation nail connecting fracture site both sides, the axis in tension force hole is consistent with tension force bone trabecula direction, between tension force hole, have densely covered micropore, the diameter in tension force hole is 0.1-3mm, and the aperture of micropore is 1-50um.This structure can allow bone trabecula to grow into along the tension force hole on internal fixation nail and micropore, reaches external callus in marrow and grows simultaneously, shortens healing time, reduces the various complication of fracture and operation; Meanwhile, the microcellular structure gathered makes the elastic modelling quantity of internal fixation nail better in conjunction with several tension force hole, and internal fixtion intensity is not weakened, and prevents broken nail, situation that stress fractures; The gap of internal fixation nail end can conveniently guide operating theatre staff to find suitable fracture site bone trabecula direction to adjust inserting needle direction.
Present invention utilizes bionical internal fixtion theoretical, adopt the bionical inside-fixture more meeting instrument of skeleton anatomical structure especially biomethanics structure characteristic, make fracture recover to follow conduction and the load character of fracture self, fractures can be made to reach satisfied reset and healing effect.
The present invention is the innovation of reduction of the fracture technique for fixing, and solve especially after senile osteoporosis fractures, spongy bone healing is poor, affects bone healing intensity, sometimes may cause the hard nut to crack of fracture delayed union and refracture.
The bionical fracture fixation device of micropore of the present invention is applicable to whole body fracture internal fixation treatment, be particularly useful for the complicated trabecular bone structure fracture of juxtra-articular, in conjunction with the support of less invasive techniques and image navigation technology, there is good expection, significant economic and social benefit can be obtained.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fracture of femoral neck using state schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is fractured near end of thighbone using state schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is Methods for Distal Femoral Fractures using state schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is tibia of the present invention one fracture using state schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is another kind of fracture of tibia using state figure of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is fracture of calcaneus using state schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure, labelling is as follows: internal fixation nail 1, internal fixtion screw thread 2, locking mechanism 3, tension force hole 4, micropore 5, gap 6, femur fix main nail 7, femur 8, tibia 9, calcaneus 10, steel plate 11, tension lines 12.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention includes the internal fixation nail 1 of a round bar shape, there is through hole at the center of internal fixation nail 1, and there is internal fixtion screw thread 2 internal fixation nail 1 one end, and the other end has locking mechanism 3, and the two ends of internal fixation nail 1 lay respectively in the skeleton of fracture site both sides.
Tensioned hole 4 on the body of rod of internal fixation nail 1 of the present invention, the two ends in tension force hole 4 are positioned at the body of rod both sides of internal fixation nail 1, tension force hole 4 is through the central axis of internal fixation nail 1, the axis in tension force hole 4 is consistent with the bone trabecular direction of tension force, the bone trabecular tension lines 12 of tension force is depicted in figure, multiple tension force hole 4 is arranged in parallel along the axis of internal fixation nail 1, the position in tension force hole 4 is relative with fracture site, the body of rod of the internal fixation nail 1 between adjacent strain hole 4 is distributed with micropore 5 structure, the diameter in tension force hole 4 is 0.1-3mm, and the aperture of micropore 5 is 1-50um.This structure can allow bone trabecula to grow into along the tension force hole 4 on internal fixation nail 1 and micropore 5, reaches external callus in marrow and grows simultaneously, shortens healing time, reduces the various complication of fracture and operation.Meanwhile, micropore 5 structure makes the elastic modelling quantity of internal fixation nail 1 better in conjunction with several tension force hole 4, and internal fixtion intensity is not weakened, and prevents broken nail, situation that stress fractures.
The end face being positioned at lateral side of femur at internal fixation nail 1 there is gap 6, gap 6 and end face central vertical, the direction of gap 6 and the axial consistent of tension force hole 4.Gap 6 can conveniently guide operating theatre staff to find suitable fracture site bone trabecula direction to adjust inserting needle direction.
Fig. 1 shows, and when carrying out replacement and fixation to fracture of femoral neck, internal fixation nail 1 is the staple of the neck of femur both sides connecting fracture.Internal fixation nail 1 has one end of internal fixtion screw thread 2 to be connected with the femoral head of fracture, and the locking mechanism 3 of the other end of internal fixation nail 1 is connected to outside femur 8, and the position in the tension force hole 4 of internal fixation nail 1 is positioned at the neck of femur both sides of fracture.In femur 8, axially there is femur to fix main nail 7 along femur 8, connecting hole is arranged at the top that femur fixes main nail 7, the diameter of connecting hole and the external diameter of internal fixation nail 1 match, internal fixation nail 1 is through femur and fixes in the connecting hole of main nail 7, and the axis of axis and internal fixation nail 1 that femur fixes main nail 7 has the angle of 90-140 degree.
Fig. 2,3 displays, when carrying out replacement and fixation to femur 8 near-end and fracture of distal, internal fixation nail 1 is the staple of femur 8 both sides connecting fracture, internal fixation nail 1 is fixed along femoral axis, the position in the tension force hole 4 of internal fixation nail 1 is positioned at femur 8 both sides of fracture, the direction in tension force hole 4 is identical with the direction of the tension lines 12 in femur 8, and the upper end of internal fixation nail 1 is connected to the top of femur 8, and the lower end of internal fixation nail 1 is connected in femur 8 fracture portions.Internal fixation nail 1 is positioned on the end face outside femur 8 gap 6, gap 6 and end face central vertical, the direction of gap 6 and the axial consistent of tension force hole 4.
Fig. 1 structure is mainly used in fracture of femoral neck, and Fig. 2 structure is mainly used in intertrochanteric fracture of the femur.According to fracture site, these structures can combinationally use, and can be used alone.
Length range in the embodiment that the tension force hole 4 of internal fixation nail 1 of the present invention and the length range of micropore 5 on internal fixation nail 1 body of rod are 30-50mm, Fig. 1, Fig. 2 shows is 45mm.
Fig. 4,5 displays, when carrying out replacement and fixation to tibia 9 fracture, the one end of internal fixtion screw thread 2 that has of internal fixation nail 1 is connected with the tibia 9 of inner side through the tibia 9 of outside fracture, the locking mechanism 3 of the other end of internal fixation nail 1 is positioned at the outside of tibia 9 junction steel plate 11 of outside fracture, and the position in the tension force hole 4 of internal fixation nail 1 is positioned at the both sides, tibia 9 position of fracture.
Fig. 6 shows, when being fixed calcaneus 10 bone splits, the two ends of internal fixation nail 1 lay respectively at the both sides of calcaneus 10, there is screw thread one end of internal fixation nail 1, screw thread there is locknut, the other end of internal fixation nail 1 has the head of a nail, and tightening locknut can fix the calcaneus 10 of fracture, and the position in the tension force hole 4 of internal fixation nail 1 is positioned at the both sides, calcaneus 10 position of fracture.
Internal fixation nail 1 of the present invention adopts resorbable material and non-absorbent material two kinds of materials as internal fixtion implant.Absorbable material is applicable to old people, and corresponding sclerotin intensity is less, and bear a heavy burden comparatively light, histocompatibility is good, decreases the injury of second operation.Non-absorbing material is applicable to middle-young patients, uses the titanium class material with better histocompatibility, and ionization reaction is comparatively light, and internal fixtion intensity is large, and rejection is light, also can not need to take out.