技术领域technical field
本发明属于农作物营养诊断与施肥技术领域，具体涉及一种冬油菜氮素营养无损检测的施肥方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of crop nutrition diagnosis and fertilization, and in particular relates to a fertilization method for non-destructive detection of nitrogen nutrition in winter rapeseed.
背景技术Background technique
氮素是作物生长发育和产量形成的必需元素之一，随着我国氮肥用量的不断增加，其相对较低的养分利用率对环境产生了诸多不良影响。快速、准确地氮素营养检测对协调作物氮素需求与土壤氮素供应在时间和空间上的同步与匹配，降低土壤—作物系统中的氮素损失以及实现作物高产高效具有重要意义。传统的氮素营养检测多以实验室化学分析为主，该方法在样品的采集、测定以及数据分析等方面需耗费大量的人力、物力，且费用较高，指导施肥存在时间滞后的问题，不利于推广应用，因此生产上迫切需要便捷、无损的氮素营养检测技术。叶绿素计SPAD(soil plant analysis development,简称SPAD,表示叶绿素的相对含量)通过测量叶片在550～675nm波长范围内的透光系数(或反射系数)来确定叶片中叶绿素的相对数量而估测作物氮素营养状况，可以快速反映作物叶片叶绿素含量及含氮量、预测作物产量并用于指导追肥，具有操作简便，快捷，非破坏性等优点，近年来在棉花、小麦、玉米和水稻等多种农作物上得到广泛应用。Nitrogen is one of the essential elements for crop growth and yield formation. With the continuous increase of nitrogen fertilizer use in my country, its relatively low nutrient use efficiency has produced many adverse effects on the environment. Rapid and accurate nitrogen nutrition detection is of great significance to coordinate the synchronization and matching of crop nitrogen demand and soil nitrogen supply in time and space, reduce nitrogen loss in soil-crop systems, and achieve high crop yield and efficiency. The traditional nitrogen nutrition detection is mostly based on laboratory chemical analysis. This method consumes a lot of manpower and material resources in terms of sample collection, measurement and data analysis, and the cost is high. There is a time lag in fertilization guidance. It is beneficial to popularization and application, so there is an urgent need for convenient and non-destructive nitrogen nutrition detection technology in production. Chlorophyll meter SPAD (soil plant analysis development, referred to as SPAD, representing the relative content of chlorophyll) measures the relative quantity of chlorophyll in the leaves by measuring the light transmittance (or reflectance) of the leaves in the wavelength range of 550-675nm to estimate crop nitrogen. It can quickly reflect the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of crop leaves, predict crop yield, and be used to guide topdressing. It has the advantages of simple, fast, and non-destructive operation. In recent years, it has been used in various crops such as cotton, wheat, corn, and rice. been widely applied.
油菜作为一种重要的油料作物，其氮素营养水平的精确检测，对提高植株氮素营养调控及氮肥效率意义重大。叶片作为油菜主要的光合器官，其光合能力的强弱与叶片氮(N)素及叶绿素含量的高低关系密切且因油菜生育时期、叶位不同而产生较大差异，并最终以“绿色度”SPAD值的形式表现出来。本发明通过测试油菜生育期内不同叶位及叶片不同部位SPAD值的变化，确定油菜氮素营养检测的最佳叶位及位点。通过建立油菜全生育期籽粒产量效应曲线，建立基于临界值产量临界SPAD值的冬油菜氮素营养无损检测方法,进而应用到油菜的科学施肥方法中。Rapeseed is an important oil crop, and accurate detection of its nitrogen nutrition level is of great significance for improving plant nitrogen nutrition regulation and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency. As the main photosynthetic organ of rapeseed, the photosynthetic ability of leaves is closely related to the nitrogen (N) and chlorophyll content of leaves, and there are great differences due to different growth stages and leaf positions of rapeseed. It is displayed in the form of SPAD value. The invention determines the optimum leaf position and position for nitrogen nutrition detection of rapeseed by testing the changes of SPAD values at different leaf positions and different parts of the leaves during the growth period of the rapeseed. By establishing the grain yield effect curve of rapeseed during the whole growth period, a non-destructive detection method for nitrogen nutrition in winter rapeseed based on the critical yield critical SPAD value was established, and then applied to the scientific fertilization method of rapeseed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺陷与不足，提供了一种基于冬油菜氮素营养无损检测的施肥方法，本发明是基于油菜敏感叶位叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)的氮素营养无损、 快捷检测进而进行科学施肥的方法。其特征包括：选择油菜关键生育期和时间测试叶片SPAD值，确定氮素营养检测的敏感叶位与叶片部位、建立临界叶片SPAD值检测方法，利用获得的检测数值进行氮肥实时追施等，本发明能较准确评估和检测油菜氮素营养丰缺水平，与传统的实验室化学分析方法相比，本发明的方法实时、快捷，是一种非破坏性检测油菜氮素营养状况和施肥方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects and deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a fertilization method based on non-destructive detection of nitrogen nutrition in winter rape. , Fast detection and scientific fertilization. Its features include: selecting the key growth period and time of rapeseed to test leaf SPAD value, determining the sensitive leaf position and leaf position for nitrogen nutrition detection, establishing a critical leaf SPAD value detection method, using the obtained detection value to carry out real-time topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer, etc. The invention can more accurately evaluate and detect the nitrogen nutrient abundance level of rapeseed. Compared with the traditional laboratory chemical analysis method, the method of the invention is real-time and fast, and is a non-destructive method for detecting the nitrogen nutrient status of rapeseed and fertilizing.
具体地,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：Specifically, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种基于冬油菜氮素营养无损检测的施肥方法，包括下列步骤：A fertilization method based on non-destructive detection of nitrogen nutrition in winter rapeseed, comprising the following steps:
A、确立油菜氮素营养检测敏感叶位和叶片部位A. Establish the sensitive leaf position and leaf position of rapeseed nitrogen nutrition detection
(1)测定材料的种植：选用植株高大、分枝数多、角果数多、熟期适中的甘蓝型油菜品种(例如“双低即低芥酸,低硫代葡萄糖苷品种，但是是本阿明不限于此)作为试验用的油菜材料,在中国长江流域的冬油菜产区于9月下旬播种、育苗，10月下旬(播种后约一个月)移栽，移栽密度为7500株/667平方米；第二年5月份收获种子；(1) Planting of measurement materials: select the Brassica napus varieties with large plants, many branches, many siliques, and moderate ripening period (for example, "double low is low erucic acid, low glucosinolate varieties, but this Amin is not limited to this) as the rapeseed material used in the experiment, in the winter rapeseed production area of the Yangtze River Basin in China, sow in late September, raise seedlings, and transplant in late October (about one month after sowing), and the transplanting density is 7500 plants/ 667 square meters; harvest seeds in May of the second year;
(2)甘蓝型油菜叶片SPAD值测试方法：分别于甘蓝型油菜越冬期(植株出现约6-10片完全展开叶)、蕾薹期和开花期，选择天气晴朗上午9:00-11:00(例如中国北京时间)，选取30株与本小区甘蓝型油菜长势一致的植株，采用叶绿素仪(或简称SPAD仪,例如日本美能达(Minolta)公司生产的便携式SPAD-502型叶绿素仪，但本发明的实施不限于此)，沿主茎自上而下测其顶1叶、顶2叶、顶3叶、顶4叶、顶5叶和顶6叶的SPAD值。同时对上述各叶位叶片，从叶片基部开始根据叶片长度每1/3将其分为基部、中部和顶部，测试其SPAD值，同一小区内测定结果取平均值；(2) Test method for the SPAD value of Brassica napus leaves: During the overwintering period (approximately 6-10 fully expanded leaves appear on the plant), budding stage and flowering stage of Brassica napus respectively, choose a sunny day at 9:00-11:00 in the morning (such as Beijing time in China), select 30 plants that are consistent with the growth of Brassica napus in this plot, and use a chlorophyll meter (or SPAD meter for short, such as the portable SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter produced by Minolta, Japan, but this The enforcement of the invention is not limited thereto), measure the SPAD value of its top 1 leaf, top 2 leaves, top 3 leaves, top 4 leaves, top 5 leaves and top 6 leaves along the main stem from top to bottom. At the same time, for the above-mentioned leaves at each leaf position, start from the base of the blade and divide it into base, middle and top according to the length of the blade every 1/3, test its SPAD value, and take the average value of the measurement results in the same plot;
(3)确定甘蓝型冬油菜敏感叶位与叶片部位：通过分析油菜主茎不同叶位及叶片不同部位SPAD值与叶绿素含量、叶片氮含量和植株全氮含量相关性，确立敏感叶位和位点。确定并选择油菜植株主茎顶4片完全展开叶的中部为叶绿素仪检测油菜氮素营养状况的最佳测试叶位和位点。(3) Determining the sensitive leaf position and leaf position of Brassica napus: By analyzing the correlation between the SPAD value of different leaf positions and different parts of the main stem of rapeseed and different parts of the leaf and the chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content and plant total nitrogen content, the sensitive leaf position and leaf position were established. point. Determine and select the middle part of the four fully expanded leaves at the top of the main stem of the rapeseed plant as the best test leaf position and site for the chlorophyll meter to detect the nitrogen nutrition status of rapeseed.
B、建立油菜关键生育期临界叶片SPAD值及氮肥实时追施模型B. Establish critical leaf SPAD value and nitrogen fertilizer real-time topdressing model in critical growth period of rapeseed
(1)建立肥效方程，对油菜全生育期不同施氮水平总的氮肥效应采用一元二次方程进行拟合，并对该式求偏导，得出最高产量及对应氮肥用量；(1) Establish a fertilizer efficiency equation, and use a quadratic equation to fit the total nitrogen fertilizer effect of different nitrogen application levels in the whole growth period of rapeseed, and obtain the partial derivative of the formula to obtain the highest yield and the corresponding nitrogen fertilizer consumption;
(2)求出各关键生育期临界叶片SPAD值，以上述甘蓝型油菜最高产量的90％作为临界值产量，根据“SPAD-产量”线性关系函数，确定甘蓝型油菜不同生育期临界叶片SPAD值；(2) Calculate the critical leaf SPAD value of each key growth period, take 90% of the maximum yield of the above-mentioned Brassica napus as the critical value yield, and determine the critical leaf SPAD value of different growth stages of Brassica napus according to the "SPAD-yield" linear relationship function ;
(3)构建追肥模型，通过建立各生育期“氮肥用量-SPAD”线性关系函数，求出基于敏感叶片部位SPAD值的氮肥实时追施模型；(3) Build a topdressing model, and obtain a nitrogen fertilizer real-time topdressing model based on the SPAD value of sensitive leaf parts by establishing a linear relationship function of "nitrogen fertilizer amount-SPAD" in each growth period;
(4)最后，根据所构建氮肥追施模型以及各生育期临界SPAD值，计算出甘蓝型油菜不同生育期SPAD值变动一格氮肥实时追施量。在实际应用时，通过测试甘蓝型油菜各关键时期敏感叶片SPAD值，若测定值高于临界SPAD值，则不需要补充氮肥；若测定值低于临界SPAD值，则研判需要补充氮肥，即通过追肥方式提供氮肥。(4) Finally, according to the established nitrogen fertilizer topdressing model and the critical SPAD value of each growth period, the real-time nitrogen topdressing amount of Brassica napus with a change in SPAD value at different growth stages was calculated. In practical application, by testing the SPAD value of sensitive leaves of Brassica napus in each critical period, if the measured value is higher than the critical SPAD value, nitrogen supplementation is not required; Top dressing method provides nitrogen fertilizer.
本发明具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明成本低，效率高。较传统的植株氮素营养检测方法(通过田间取样、实验室化学分析和测试等)相比，叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)具有成本低廉、测试快速和结果精准等优点，可极大提高工作效率。1. The invention has low cost and high efficiency. Compared with the traditional plant nitrogen nutrition detection method (through field sampling, laboratory chemical analysis and testing, etc.), the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) has the advantages of low cost, fast test and accurate results, which can greatly improve work efficiency. .
2、本发明操作简便，是一种非破坏性的作物营养诊断和检测方法。与传统实验室化学分析方法相比，本发明简单易学，对农作物没有破坏性，不影响植株正常生长发育。2. The invention is easy to operate and is a non-destructive method for diagnosing and detecting crop nutrition. Compared with traditional laboratory chemical analysis methods, the invention is simple and easy to learn, has no damage to crops, and does not affect the normal growth and development of plants.
3、本发明的检测方法准确，便于推广应用。该仪器通过测量叶片在550～675nm波长间的透光系数来确定叶绿素相对数量继而估测农作物氮素营养水平，精度较高，使用方便。3. The detection method of the present invention is accurate and easy to popularize and apply. The instrument determines the relative amount of chlorophyll by measuring the light transmittance coefficient of leaves between 550 and 675nm wavelengths, and then estimates the nitrogen nutrition level of crops. It has high precision and is easy to use.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1：是冬油菜不同生育期叶片SPAD值测试部位参照图。Figure 1: It is a reference map of test sites for SPAD value of leaves at different growth stages of winter rapeseed.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1冬油菜氮素营养检测及氮肥实时追施模型构建Example 1 Detection of nitrogen nutrition in winter rapeseed and construction of nitrogen fertilizer real-time topdressing model
以下图1的举例仅用于说明和解释本发明，但不用来限制本发明的保护范围。The following example in FIG. 1 is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
选择在生产上具有代表性推广品种例如甘蓝型油菜推广品种“双低”品种“华油杂9号”为例(本发明的实施不限于该品种)说明本发明的检测方法与实施步骤。Select representative popularized varieties in production such as Brassica napus popularized variety "Double Low" variety "Huayouza No. 9" as an example (the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this variety) to illustrate the detection method and implementation steps of the present invention.
(1)在中国的长江流域的冬油菜区域，于每年的9月下旬(本实施例为2012年9月27日)将甘蓝型油菜“华油杂9号”种子播种于苗床，于11月6日移栽，定植密度为7500株/667平方米。共设5个氮肥处理，分别施纯氮0、90、180、270和360kg/hm2，磷、钾肥按P2O590kg/hm2、K2O 120kg/hm2施入，外加硼肥(十水硼砂或商品硼肥)15kg/hm2。氮、磷、钾和硼肥品种分别为尿素(含纯N46％)、过磷酸钙(含P2O512％)、氯化钾(含K2O 60％)和十水硼砂(含B 10.7％)，均作基肥一次性施用。小区面积为20.0m2(长×宽＝10.0m×2.0m)，3次重复，随机区组排列。(1) In the winter rapeseed area in the Yangtze River Basin of China, the seeds of Brassica napus "Huayouza No. 9" are sown on the seedbed in late September (this embodiment is September 27, 2012) each year, and in November Transplanted on the 6th, the planting density was 7500 plants/667 square meters. A total of 5 nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up, applying pure nitrogen 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360kg/hm2 respectively, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied according to P2 O5 90kg/hm2 , K2 O 120kg/hm2 , and boron fertilizer was added (borax decahydrate or commercial boron fertilizer) 15kg/hm2 . Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers are urea (containing pure N46%),superphosphate (containingP2O5 12%), potassium chloride (containingK2O 60%) and borax decahydrate (containing B 10.7%), all used as base fertilizer for one-time application. The plot area is 20.0m2 (length×width=10.0m×2.0m), repeated 3 times, arranged in random blocks.
(2)分别于甘蓝型油菜六叶期(例如2013年1月23日)、十叶期(2013年2月14日)、蕾薹期(2013年3月4日)和开花期(2013年3月11日)每天上午9：00-11：00(中国北 京时间)，采用日本美能达公司生产的便携式SPAD-502型叶绿素仪，选取30株与本小区甘蓝型油菜长势一致的甘蓝型油菜植株，沿主茎自上而下测其顶1叶、顶2叶、顶3叶、顶4叶、顶5叶和顶6叶SPAD值。同时对上述各叶位叶片，从叶片基部开始根据叶片长度每1/3将其分为基部、中部和顶部，测其SPAD值，同一小区内测定结果取平均值(取样设置方法见图1)。(2) At the six-leaf stage (for example, January 23, 2013), the ten-leaf stage (February 14, 2013), the budding stage (March 4, 2013) and the flowering stage (2013) of Brassica napus respectively March 11) Every morning from 9:00 to 11:00 (Beijing time, China), using the portable SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter produced by Minolta, Japan, selected 30 Brassica oleracea plants that were consistent with the growth of Brassica napus in this plot. For rapeseed plants, measure the SPAD values of the top 1 leaf, top 2 leaf, top 3 leaf, top 4 leaf, top 5 leaf and top 6 leaf from top to bottom along the main stem. At the same time, start from the base of the blade and divide it into base, middle and top according to the length of the blade every 1/3, measure its SPAD value, and take the average value of the measurement results in the same plot (see Figure 1 for the sampling setting method) .
在SPAD值测试基础上，从30个甘蓝型油菜植株中选取5株，摘取其中上述各叶位叶片并立即保鲜(例如贮藏在4度冰箱的冷藏室中)，沿主脉取一半叶片，用打孔器在叶片上打样，测其叶绿素含量。同时另一半叶片测其叶片含氮量，并计算植株全氮含量。分析上述各叶位及叶片部位SPAD值与叶绿素含量、叶片含氮量和植株全氮含量相关性，选取相关性较好且表现稳定(变异系数较低)作为应用SPAD仪检测油菜氮素营养状况的敏感叶位，即顶4片完全展开叶中部。On the basis of SPAD value test, choose 5 strains from 30 Brassica napus plants, pick wherein above-mentioned each leaf position blade and keep fresh immediately (for example store in the cold room of 4 degree refrigerator), get half blade along main vein, Samples were made on the leaves with a puncher to measure the chlorophyll content. At the same time, the nitrogen content of the other half of the leaves was measured, and the total nitrogen content of the plant was calculated. Analyze the correlation between the SPAD values of the above leaf positions and leaf parts and the chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content and plant total nitrogen content, and select the ones with good correlation and stable performance (low coefficient of variation) as the nitrogen nutrition status of rapeseed with SPAD instrument. Sensitive leaf position, that is, the middle part of the top 4 fully expanded leaves.
(3)根据成熟期不同氮肥水平下产量数据，构建“氮肥用量-产量”抛物线方程：y＝-0.024x2+12.138x+1418.120(R2＝0.997**)，式中：y为甘蓝型油菜籽粒产量；x为氮肥用量；R2为两者拟合的决定系数；**表示两者拟合程度达到极显著水平。对该式求偏导，得到最高理论籽粒产量为2952kg/hm2，对应的施氮量为253kg/hm2。(3) According to the yield data under different nitrogen fertilizer levels in the mature stage, the parabolic equation of "nitrogen fertilizer amount-yield" is constructed: y=-0.024x2 +12.138x+1418.120 (R2 =0.997** ), where: y is cabbage type Rapeseed yield; x is the amount of nitrogen fertilizer; R2 is the coefficient of determination of the two fittings; ** indicates that the fitting degree of the two has reached an extremely significant level. Taking the partial derivative of this formula, the highest theoretical grain yield is 2952kg/hm2 , and the corresponding nitrogen application rate is 253kg/hm2 .
(4)以最高产量(2952kg/hm2)的90％(2657kg/hm2)作为临界值产量，构建上述各生育期顶4叶中部“SPAD-产量”线性回归方程，并将临界值产量代入该方程，求得六叶期、十叶期、蕾薹期和花期临界SPAD值分别为43.4、49.5、50.0和54.6。(4) Taking 90% (2657kg/hm2 ) of the highest yield (2952kg/hm2 ) as the critical value yield, construct the above-mentioned "SPAD-yield" linear regression equation for the middle part of the top 4 leaves in each growth period, and substitute the critical value yield into According to this equation, the critical SPAD values at the six-leaf stage, ten-leaf stage, budding stage and flowering stage are 43.4, 49.5, 50.0 and 54.6, respectively.
(5)进一步构建不同生育期氮肥用量与顶4叶中部SPAD线性关系函数。并假设上述线性关系求出的各生育期测定SPAD值前一次氮肥水平简称Nfer，全生育期总的施氮量为253kg/hm2，则各生育期氮肥追施量的公式1为：(5) Further construct the linear relationship function between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in different growth stages and the middle SPAD of the top four leaves. And assuming that the level of nitrogen fertilizer before measuring the SPAD value calculated by the above linear relationship is referred to as Nfer, and the total nitrogen application rate in the whole growth period is 253kg/hm2 , then the formula 1 of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing amount in each growth period is:
Nd＝253-Nfer式中，Nd为各生育期氮肥追施量，Nfer为各生育期SPAD值测试前一次氮肥水平。Nd=253-Nfer In the formula, Nd is the topdressing amount of nitrogen fertilizer in each growth period, and Nfer is the level of nitrogen fertilizer before SPAD value test in each growth period.
由上述各生育期敏感叶位SPAD值与Nfer之间具有如下线性回归关系的公式2为：The formula 2 with the following linear regression relationship between the sensitive leaf position SPAD value and Nfer at each growth stage is as follows:
SPAD＝aNfer+b式中，a为系数，b为截距，均为常数；Nfer为各生育期SPAD值测试前一次氮肥水平。SPAD=aNfer+b In the formula, a is the coefficient, b is the intercept, both of which are constants; Nfer is the level of nitrogen fertilizer before the SPAD value test in each growth period.
将公式2代入公式1，得到基于一个相同试验条件下的SPAD值诊断推荐施肥模型，即公式3：Substituting Equation 2 into Equation 1, the recommended fertilization model based on a SPAD value under the same test conditions can be obtained, that is, Equation 3:
Nd＝253+b/a-SPAD/aNd＝253+b/a-SPAD/a
上式中，Nd为一个相同试验条件下各生育期氮肥追施量，253为油菜全生育期总的施氮量，单位为kg/hm2，a为各生育期SPAD与施氮量线性回归方程的回归系数，b为截距。In the above formula, Nd is the topdressing amount of nitrogen fertilizer in each growth period under the same experimental conditions, 253 is the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of rapeseed, the unit is kg/hm2 , a is the linear regression between SPAD and nitrogen application amount in each growth stage The regression coefficient of the equation, b is the intercept.
(6)根据氮肥推荐模型计算出各生育期SPAD值变动一格施肥量，并以此进行氮肥推荐。求出基于敏感叶位临界SPAD值的冬油菜各生育期氮肥实时追施量(kg/hm2)＝(临界叶片SPAD值-各生育期实测SPAD值)×各生育期SPAD值变动一格施肥量。在一个相同试验条件下，甘蓝型油菜六叶期、十叶期、蕾薹期和开花期SPAD值变动一格推荐施肥量(kg/hm2)分别为111、35、67和53。(6) According to the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation model, calculate the fertilization amount for each SPAD value change in each growth period, and use this to make nitrogen fertilizer recommendations. Calculate the real-time topdressing amount of nitrogen fertilizer in each growth stage of winter rapeseed based on the critical SPAD value of sensitive leaf position (kg/hm2 )=(critical leaf SPAD value-measured SPAD value in each growth stage)×variation of SPAD value in each growth stage. quantity. Under the same experimental conditions, the recommended fertilization rates (kg/hm2 ) for the six-leaf stage, ten-leaf stage, budding stage, and flowering stage of Brassica napus were 111, 35, 67, and 53, respectively.
实施例2利用敏感叶片SPAD值对冬油菜氮素营养检测及氮肥实时追施模型应用Example 2 Using the SPAD value of sensitive leaves to detect nitrogen nutrition in winter rapeseed and apply nitrogen fertilizer real-time topdressing model
为进一步验证和应用本发明在冬油菜氮素营养检测上的适宜性，基于上述研究结果，于2013-2014年在同一试验基地采用相同油菜品种进行田间试验研究。In order to further verify and apply the suitability of the present invention in the detection of nitrogen nutrition in winter rapeseed, based on the above research results, field experiments were carried out in the same test base using the same rape variety in 2013-2014.
(1)于2013年9月27日将甘蓝型油菜品种“华油杂9号”种子播种于苗床，10月30日移栽，定植密度为7500株/667平方米。分别设正常施氮处理(施纯氮180kg/hm2)和一个氮肥优化处理(即总氮肥施用量不定，每次追施量由2012-2013年所建立基于敏感叶位SPAD值氮肥追施模型进行推荐)。其它条件同2012-2013年试验设置。(1) On September 27, 2013, the seeds of the Brassica napus variety "Huayouza No. 9" were sown in the seedbed, and transplanted on October 30, with a planting density of 7500 plants/667 square meters. A normal nitrogen fertilization treatment (pure nitrogen application 180kg/hm2 ) and a nitrogen fertilization optimization treatment (that is, the amount of total nitrogen fertilizer application is variable, and the amount of each topdressing fertilizer is set by the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing model based on the sensitive leaf position SPAD value established in 2012-2013 make recommendations). Other conditions were the same as those in the 2012-2013 experiment.
(2)甘蓝型油菜不同生育期敏感叶片SPAD测试值及氮肥推荐追施量列于表1：(2) The SPAD test values of sensitive leaves at different growth stages of Brassica napus and the recommended topdressing amount of nitrogen fertilizer are listed in Table 1:
表1冬油菜(甘蓝型油菜)SPAD测试值及各生育期氮肥追施推荐表Table 1 SPAD test value of winter rape (Brassica napus) and recommendation table of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing in each growth period
(3)为验证冬油菜(甘蓝型油菜)氮素营养检测模型适宜性，根据本发明所测定SPAD值进行模型检验和推荐施肥试验，研究结果表明，较常规施氮处理相比，基于本发明模型所推荐优化施氮处理甘蓝型油菜成熟期氮素累积量和籽粒产量均有较大提高，增幅分别平均为65％和19％。(3) In order to verify the suitability of the winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) nitrogen nutrition detection model, carry out model inspection and recommended fertilization test according to the measured SPAD value of the present invention, the research results show that compared with the conventional nitrogen application process, based on the present invention The nitrogen accumulation and grain yield of Brassica napus in the mature stage of the optimal nitrogen fertilization treatment recommended by the model were greatly improved, with an average increase of 65% and 19%, respectively.
表2基于SPAD仪氮肥推荐追施和常规施氮方法效果对比Table 2 Comparison of the effects of topdressing and conventional nitrogen fertilization methods based on the SPAD instrument nitrogen fertilizer recommendation
实施例3利用敏感叶片SPAD值对冬油菜氮素营养检测及传统氮素营养检测工效对比Example 3 Using the SPAD value of sensitive leaves to detect nitrogen nutrition in winter rapeseed and compare the work efficiency of traditional nitrogen nutrition detection
为进一步探究本发明相较于传统实验室化学分析方法在甘蓝型油菜氮素营养检测方面的省工、节时、快捷和结果准确度方面的优异性，于2013-2014年在上述试验基地采用同一油菜品种进行田间试验研究。In order to further explore the advantages of the present invention in labor-saving, time-saving, quick and accurate results compared with the traditional laboratory chemical analysis method in the detection of nitrogen nutrition in Brassica napus, it was adopted in the above-mentioned test base in 2013-2014. A field experiment of the same rape variety was carried out.
(1)于2013年9月30日将甘蓝型油菜品种“华油杂9号”种子播种于苗床，11月2日移栽，定植密度为7500株/667平方米。按纯氮(以N计)、磷(P2O5计)、钾(以K2O计)用量分别为180、90和120kg/hm2，外加商品硼肥15kg/hm2，均作基肥一次性施用。小区面积50.0m2(长×宽＝25.0m×2.0m)，3次重复。正常田间管理。(1) The seeds of the Brassica napus variety "Huayouza No. 9" were sown on the seedbed on September 30, 2013, and transplanted on November 2, with a planting density of 7500 plants/667 square meters. The amount of pure nitrogen (calculated as N), phosphorus (calculated as P2 O5 ), and potassium (calculated as K2 O) is 180, 90 and 120 kg/hm2 respectively, plus 15 kg/hm2 of commercial boron fertilizer, all used as base fertilizer One-time application. The plot area is 50.0m2 (length×width=25.0m×2.0m), repeated 3 times. Normal field management.
(2)分别于甘蓝型油菜六叶期、十叶期、蕾薹期和开花期，分别采用传统实验室化学分析方法以及本发明方法对比分析检测油菜各生育期氮素营养状况(30株油菜)。具体分析结果列于表3：(2) at the six-leaf stage, ten-leaf stage, budding stage, and flowering stage of Brassica napus respectively, adopt the traditional laboratory chemical analysis method and the method of the present invention to comparatively analyze and detect the nitrogen nutrition status of each growth stage of rapeseed (30 strains of rapeseed ). The specific analysis results are listed in Table 3:
表3冬油菜(甘蓝型油菜)叶片氮素营养状况不同检测方法比较Table 3 Comparison of different detection methods for nitrogen nutrition status of leaves of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus)
上述结果表明，与传统通过田间样品采集、室内烘干称重、实验室化学分析测试叶片含氮量来估算油菜氮素营养状况相比，本发明不仅能较准确评估油菜氮素营养状况，同时具有较高稳定性(CV％较低)，并可平均提高工效8.4倍。The above results show that compared with the traditional way of estimating the nitrogen nutrition status of rapeseed through field sample collection, indoor drying and weighing, and laboratory chemical analysis to test the nitrogen content of leaves, the present invention can not only evaluate the nitrogen nutrition status of rapeseed more accurately, but also It has higher stability (lower CV%), and can improve work efficiency by 8.4 times on average.
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| CN201410798822.9ACN104584751A (en) | 2014-12-20 | 2014-12-20 | Fertilizing method based on nitrogen nutrition nondestructive detection of winter rapes |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410798822.9ACN104584751A (en) | 2014-12-20 | 2014-12-20 | Fertilizing method based on nitrogen nutrition nondestructive detection of winter rapes |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104584751Atrue CN104584751A (en) | 2015-05-06 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410798822.9APendingCN104584751A (en) | 2014-12-20 | 2014-12-20 | Fertilizing method based on nitrogen nutrition nondestructive detection of winter rapes |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20150506 |