技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种控制方法，尤其是一种直流光伏发电模块的控制方法，属于光伏发电技术领域。 The invention relates to a control method, in particular to a control method of a DC photovoltaic power generation module, which belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation.
背景技术Background technique
目前常用的光伏发电系统主要有集中式、串联式、多支路式等结构方案，但其缺点是：系统中存在光伏组件的串联或并联，系统的最大功率点跟踪是针对整个串并联光伏阵列或组件串，无法保证每个组件均运行在最大功率点，抗阴影能力差，甚至可能形成热斑，导致组件损坏，系统可靠性低，大大降低了系统的能量变换效率，同时也难以获得每个组件的状态信息。At present, the commonly used photovoltaic power generation systems mainly include centralized, series, and multi-branch structures, but their disadvantages are: there are series or parallel connections of photovoltaic modules in the system, and the maximum power point tracking of the system is for the entire series-parallel photovoltaic array. Or module strings, it is impossible to ensure that each module operates at the maximum power point, the anti-shading ability is poor, and hot spots may even be formed, resulting in module damage, low system reliability, greatly reducing the energy conversion efficiency of the system, and it is also difficult to obtain every status information of a component.
针对上述缺点，有文献指出采用直流模块式结构方案。In view of the above shortcomings, some literature points out that the DC module structure scheme is adopted.
CN103095180A公开了一种智能光伏模块及其控制方法，该方法为最大功率输出统一控制方法，即：将光伏电池组与DC-DC变换器相连组成光伏模块，然后将这些光伏模块串联在一起，由一个共用的最大功率跟踪单元统一控制每一个DC-DC变换器（为Buck电路），以期保证每一个光伏电池组在任何外部光照条件下都工作在其输出功率最优点。该方法仍然存在上述串联式光伏系统缺陷，且存在系统结构复杂、控制难、施工难等问题，同时也难以获得每个组件的状态信息。CN103095180A discloses an intelligent photovoltaic module and its control method. The method is a unified control method for maximum power output, that is, a photovoltaic battery group is connected with a DC-DC converter to form a photovoltaic module, and then these photovoltaic modules are connected in series. A common maximum power tracking unit uniformly controls each DC-DC converter (for the Buck circuit), in order to ensure that each photovoltaic cell group works at its optimum output power point under any external light conditions. This method still has the above-mentioned shortcomings of the series photovoltaic system, and there are problems such as complex system structure, difficult control, and difficult construction, and it is also difficult to obtain the status information of each component.
CN102158094B公开了一种光伏发电DC-DC变换器的控制方法，该方法是将若干个DC-AC逆变器分别连接一个高频变压器，所有高频变压器的二次侧的一端连在一起，另一端分别连接单相二极管实现整流，组成光伏发电DC-DC变换器。当某一个光伏阵列模块的输出电压为零或当某一个光伏阵列模块的输出功率远小于其它光伏阵列模块的输出功率时，需要调整N相光伏发电DC-DC变换器中的各个DC-AC变换器的相角；而当光伏并网发电系统中若干个光伏阵列模块发生问题使得其输出的最大功率大幅下降时，光伏发电DC-DC变换器的相数不做调整，但要调整发生问题的光伏阵列模块的输出电压为其它所有正常的光伏阵列模块输出电压的平均值。可见该光伏发电DC-DC变换器及其控制方法存在系统结构复杂、控制复杂、施工难、成本高等问题，也没涉及到各个变换器的通信问题。CN102158094B discloses a control method for photovoltaic power generation DC-DC converters. The method is to connect several DC-AC inverters to a high-frequency transformer respectively, and connect one end of the secondary side of all high-frequency transformers together, and another One end is respectively connected with a single-phase diode to realize rectification, forming a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic power generation. When the output voltage of a certain photovoltaic array module is zero or when the output power of a certain photovoltaic array module is much smaller than that of other photovoltaic array modules, it is necessary to adjust each DC-AC conversion in the N-phase photovoltaic power generation DC-DC converter The phase angle of the inverter; and when there are problems with several photovoltaic array modules in the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system that cause the maximum output power to drop sharply, the phase number of the photovoltaic power generation DC-DC converter will not be adjusted, but the problem should be adjusted. The output voltage of the photovoltaic array module is the average value of the output voltages of all other normal photovoltaic array modules. It can be seen that the photovoltaic power generation DC-DC converter and its control method have problems such as complex system structure, complicated control, difficult construction, high cost, etc., and do not involve the communication problem of each converter.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的主要目的在于：针对上述现有技术存在的缺点，提供一种结构简单、控制更加灵活简便、易于施工、智能化水平高的一种直流光伏发电模块的控制方法，通过将各个光伏发电模块作为基本单元进行并联，彻底解决阴影等形成的热斑效应，实现在任何光照条件下，尤其是在不匹配光照条件下，光伏发电系统的发电效率最大化。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a control method for a DC photovoltaic power generation module with a simple structure, more flexible and convenient control, easy construction, and a high level of intelligence in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art. The modules are connected in parallel as basic units to completely solve the hot spot effect formed by shadows, etc., and maximize the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system under any lighting conditions, especially under unmatched lighting conditions.
本发明解决该技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:
一种直流光伏发电模块，由光伏组件、直流微型变换器、通信模块组成，所述直流微型变换器一端与所述光伏组件相连，另一端与所述直流母线相连，所述直流微型变换器连接有自身的控制回路，所述控制回路与所述通信模块相连，实现直流升压、最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）和通信功能，彻底解决阴影等形成的热斑效应，大大提高发电效率。A DC photovoltaic power generation module, consisting of a photovoltaic module, a DC micro-converter, and a communication module, one end of the DC micro-converter is connected to the photovoltaic module, the other end is connected to the DC bus, and the DC micro-converter is connected to It has its own control loop, which is connected to the communication module to realize DC boost, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and communication functions, completely solve the hot spot effect caused by shadows, etc., and greatly improve power generation efficiency.
所述直流微型变换器采用DC-AC-DC结构，首先通过DC-AC逆变，将光伏组件输出的直流电能变换为交流电能，然后通过高频变压器将电压升高，再通过AC-DC整流，将光伏组件的输出电压升高至所需直流电压。The DC micro-converter adopts a DC-AC-DC structure. First, through DC-AC inversion, the DC power output by the photovoltaic module is converted into AC power, and then the voltage is raised through a high-frequency transformer, and then rectified through AC-DC , to increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module to the required DC voltage.
本发明一种直流光伏发电模块的控制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A control method for a DC photovoltaic power generation module of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
步骤1，上述一种直流光伏发电模块在光伏发电系统中采用以下连接方式：Step 1, the above-mentioned DC photovoltaic power generation module adopts the following connection mode in the photovoltaic power generation system:
1）光伏发电系统包括直流光伏发电模块、GPRS模块、直流母线、逆变器、交流电网；所有所述直流光伏发电模块作为基本单元进行并联，且均与所述直流母线相连，将电能输送、汇至所述直流母线；所述逆变器一端与所述直流母线连接，将直流电能变换为交流电能，所述逆变器另一端与所述交流电网连接，实现并网；1) The photovoltaic power generation system includes a DC photovoltaic power generation module, a GPRS module, a DC bus, an inverter, and an AC power grid; all the DC photovoltaic power generation modules are connected in parallel as basic units, and are connected to the DC bus to transmit electric energy, connected to the DC bus; one end of the inverter is connected to the DC bus to convert DC power into AC power, and the other end of the inverter is connected to the AC power grid to realize grid connection;
2）将光伏发电系统中所有所述直流光伏发电模块分为若干组；每组含有n个直流光伏发电模块（其中n≤255）和一个所述GPRS模块，每个直流光伏发电模块均通过其通信模块采用RS485总线与本组的GPRS模块相连；每组的GPRS模块与上位机实现无线通信，采集并上传本组所有直流光伏发电模块的状态信息，同时也下达上位机给各个直流光伏发电模块的指令，实现所有直流光伏发电模块的状态监控与故障诊断，方便系统维护。2) Divide all the DC photovoltaic power generation modules in the photovoltaic power generation system into several groups; each group contains n DC photovoltaic power generation modules (where n≤255) and one GPRS module, and each DC photovoltaic power generation module passes its The communication module is connected with the GPRS module of this group by RS485 bus; the GPRS module of each group realizes wireless communication with the upper computer, collects and uploads the status information of all DC photovoltaic power generation modules in this group, and also sends the upper computer to each DC photovoltaic power generation module instructions to realize the status monitoring and fault diagnosis of all DC photovoltaic power generation modules, which facilitates system maintenance.
步骤2，光伏发电系统运行中直流光伏发电模块的故障检测和判断：Step 2, fault detection and judgment of the DC photovoltaic power generation module during the operation of the photovoltaic power generation system:
1）各个光伏组件的输出电压近似相等，表明所有光伏组件工作正常；1) The output voltage of each photovoltaic module is approximately equal, indicating that all photovoltaic modules are working normally;
2）正常光照情况下，当某一个直流光伏发电模块的输出功率远小于其邻近的直流光伏发电模块的输出功率时，表明该直流光伏发电模块的光伏组件出现了组件本身损坏、受局部阴影、鸟粪等杂物遮蔽的问题，或表明该直流光伏发电模块的直流微型变换器发生故障，此时发出报警信号；2) Under normal light conditions, when the output power of a certain DC photovoltaic power generation module is much lower than the output power of its adjacent DC photovoltaic power generation module, it indicates that the photovoltaic components of the DC photovoltaic power generation module have damage to the components themselves, local shadows, If there is a problem of bird droppings and other sundries, or it indicates that the DC micro-converter of the DC photovoltaic power generation module is faulty, an alarm signal will be issued at this time;
3）正常光照情况下，当上位机接收不到一个或多个直流光伏发电模块数据时，表明这些直流光伏发电模块的通信模块或其所在组的GPRS模块发生故障，此时发出报警信号。3) Under normal lighting conditions, when the host computer fails to receive data from one or more DC photovoltaic power generation modules, it indicates that the communication modules of these DC photovoltaic power generation modules or the GPRS modules of the group they belong to have failed, and an alarm signal will be sent at this time.
步骤3，确定直流光伏发电模块的工作状态：Step 3, determine the working status of the DC photovoltaic power generation module:
1）始终监测直流母线电压；1) Always monitor the DC bus voltage;
2）当直流母线电压在正常范围（如：其额定电压的±15%）内，各个直流光伏发电模块工作在MPPT状态下，光伏发电系统处于正常运行状态；2) When the DC bus voltage is within the normal range (eg: ±15% of its rated voltage), each DC photovoltaic power generation module works in the MPPT state, and the photovoltaic power generation system is in a normal operating state;
3）当直流母线电压高于某一限值（如其额定电压的115%）时，各个直流光伏发电模块将依次退出MPPT状态，进入恒压工作状态，直至直流母线电压在允许的范围内，此时，余下的直流光伏发电模块仍保持工作在原来工作状态；3) When the DC bus voltage is higher than a certain limit (such as 115% of its rated voltage), each DC photovoltaic power generation module will sequentially exit the MPPT state and enter the constant voltage working state until the DC bus voltage is within the allowable range. , the remaining DC photovoltaic power generation modules still work in the original working state;
4）当直流母线电压高于其上限值（如其额定电压的120%）时，各个直流光伏发电模块将依次工作于停机状态，直至直流母线电压在允许的范围内，此时，余下的直流光伏发电模块保持工作在原来工作状态。4) When the DC bus voltage is higher than its upper limit (such as 120% of its rated voltage), each DC photovoltaic power generation module will work in turn in the shutdown state until the DC bus voltage is within the allowable range. At this time, the remaining DC The photovoltaic power generation module keeps working in the original working state.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1）直流光伏发电模块具有独立的最大功率点跟踪功能，可确保每个光伏组件均运行在最大功率点，直流光伏发电模块具有很高的抗局部阴影和组件电气参数失配能力，可彻底解决阴影等形成的热斑效应，极大地提高了光伏发电系统在不匹配光照条件下的输出功率，实现了光伏发电系统的发电效率最大化；1) The DC photovoltaic power generation module has an independent maximum power point tracking function, which can ensure that each photovoltaic module operates at the maximum power point. The DC photovoltaic power generation module has a high ability to resist local shading and component electrical parameter mismatch, which can completely solve The hot spot effect formed by shadows, etc., greatly improves the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system under unmatched lighting conditions, and maximizes the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system;
2）结构简单、控制更加灵活简便；2) Simple structure, more flexible and convenient control;
3）故障诊断及故障定位快捷、准确，系统维护方便，大大缩短停机时间，进一步提高了系统发电效率，且极大地提高了光伏发电系统的智能化水平。3) The fault diagnosis and fault location are fast and accurate, the system maintenance is convenient, the downtime is greatly shortened, the power generation efficiency of the system is further improved, and the intelligent level of the photovoltaic power generation system is greatly improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种直流光伏发电模块的构成示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC photovoltaic power generation module according to the present invention.
图2为本发明控制方法的系统构成图。Fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram of the control method of the present invention.
其中，1-直流光伏发电模块；2-GPRS模块；3-直流母线；4-逆变器；5-交流电网；101-光伏组件；102-直流微型变换器；103-通信模块。Among them, 1-DC photovoltaic power generation module; 2-GPRS module; 3-DC bus; 4-inverter; 5-AC power grid; 101-photovoltaic module; 102-DC micro-converter;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细说明。 The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如附图1所示，本发明一种直流光伏发电模块的控制方法，所述直流光伏发电模块1由光伏组件101、直流微型变换器102、通信模块103组成，直流微型变换器102一端与光伏组件101相连，另一端与直流母线3相连，直流微型变换器101连接有自身的控制回路，所述控制回路与其通信模块103相连，实现直流升压、最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）和通信功能，彻底解决阴影等形成的热斑效应，大大提高系统发电效率。As shown in accompanying drawing 1, the present invention is a control method of a DC photovoltaic power generation module. The DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 is composed of a photovoltaic module 101, a DC micro-converter 102, and a communication module 103. One end of the DC micro-converter 102 is connected to the photovoltaic The component 101 is connected, and the other end is connected to the DC bus 3. The DC micro-converter 101 is connected to its own control loop, and the control loop is connected to its communication module 103 to realize DC boost, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and communication functions. Completely solve the hot spot effect formed by shadows, etc., and greatly improve the power generation efficiency of the system.
直流微型变换器102采用DC-AC-DC结构，首先通过DC-AC逆变，将光伏组件输出的直流电能变换为交流电能，然后通过高频变压器将电压升高，再通过AC-DC整流，将光伏组件的输出电压升高至所需直流电压（如800V或400V）。The DC micro-converter 102 adopts a DC-AC-DC structure. Firstly, through DC-AC inversion, the DC power output by the photovoltaic module is converted into AC power, and then the voltage is raised through a high-frequency transformer, and then rectified through AC-DC. Raise the output voltage of photovoltaic modules to the required DC voltage (such as 800V or 400V).
如附图2所示，本发明一种直流光伏发电模块的控制方法，具体包括以下步骤：As shown in accompanying drawing 2, the control method of a kind of DC photovoltaic power generation module of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:
步骤1，上述一种直流光伏发电模块1在光伏发电系统中采用以下连接方式：Step 1, the above-mentioned DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 adopts the following connection mode in the photovoltaic power generation system:
1）光伏发电系统包括直流光伏发电模块1、GPRS模块2、直流母线3、逆变器4、交流电网5；将光伏发电系统中所有直流光伏发电模块1作为基本单元进行并联，且均与直流母线3连接，将电能输送、汇至直流母线3；逆变器4的一端与直流母线3连接，将直流电能变换为交流电能，逆变器4的另一端与交流电网5连接，实现并网；1) The photovoltaic power generation system includes a DC photovoltaic power generation module 1, a GPRS module 2, a DC bus 3, an inverter 4, and an AC power grid 5; all DC photovoltaic power generation modules 1 in the photovoltaic power generation system are connected in parallel as basic units, and are all connected to the DC The bus 3 is connected to transmit and remit the electric energy to the DC bus 3; one end of the inverter 4 is connected to the DC bus 3 to convert the DC power into AC power, and the other end of the inverter 4 is connected to the AC power grid 5 to realize grid connection ;
2）将光伏发电系统中所有直流光伏发电模块1分为N组；每组含有n个直流光伏发电模块1（其中n≤255）和一个GPRS模块2，每个直流光伏发电模块1均通过其通信模块103采用RS485总线与本组的GPRS模块2相连；每组的GPRS模块2与上位机实现无线通信，采集并上传本组所有直流光伏发电模块1的状态信息，同时也下达上位机给各个直流光伏发电模块1的指令，实现所有直流光伏发电模块1的状态监控与故障诊断，方便系统维护。2) Divide all DC photovoltaic power generation modules 1 in the photovoltaic power generation system into N groups; each group contains n DC photovoltaic power generation modules 1 (where n≤255) and one GPRS module 2, and each DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 passes through its The communication module 103 is connected to the GPRS module 2 of this group by using the RS485 bus; the GPRS module 2 of each group realizes wireless communication with the host computer, collects and uploads the status information of all the DC photovoltaic power generation modules 1 of the group, and at the same time sends the host computer to each The command of the DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 realizes the status monitoring and fault diagnosis of all the DC photovoltaic power generation modules 1, which facilitates system maintenance.
步骤2，光伏发电系统运行中直流光伏发电模块1的故障检测和判断：Step 2, fault detection and judgment of the DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 during the operation of the photovoltaic power generation system:
1）各个光伏组件101的输出电压近似相等，表明所有光伏组件101工作正常；1) The output voltages of each photovoltaic module 101 are approximately equal, indicating that all photovoltaic modules 101 are working normally;
2）正常光照情况下，当某一个直流光伏发电模块1的输出功率远小于其邻近的直流光伏发电模块1的输出功率时，表明该直流光伏发电模块1的光伏组件101出现了组件本身损坏、受局部阴影、鸟粪等杂物遮蔽的问题，或表明该直流光伏发电模块1的直流微型变换器102发生故障，此时发出报警信号；2) Under normal light conditions, when the output power of a certain DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 is much lower than the output power of its adjacent DC photovoltaic power generation module 1, it indicates that the photovoltaic module 101 of the DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 is damaged, The problem of being covered by sundries such as partial shadows and bird droppings, or indicating that the DC micro-converter 102 of the DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 has failed, an alarm signal is issued at this time;
3）正常光照情况下，当上位机接收不到一个或多个直流光伏发电模块1的数据时，表明这些直流光伏发电模块1的通信模块103或其所在组的GPRS模块2发生故障，此时发出报警信号。3) Under normal lighting conditions, when the host computer cannot receive data from one or more DC photovoltaic power generation modules 1, it indicates that the communication module 103 of these DC photovoltaic power generation modules 1 or the GPRS module 2 of the group it belongs to has failed. Send an alarm signal.
步骤3，确定直流光伏发电发电模块1的工作状态：Step 3, determine the working state of the DC photovoltaic power generation module 1:
1）始终监测直流母线3的电压；1) Always monitor the voltage of the DC bus 3;
2）当直流母线3的电压在正常范围（如：其额定电压的±15%）内，各个直流光伏发电模块1工作在MPPT状态下，光伏发电系统处于正常运行状态；2) When the voltage of the DC bus 3 is within the normal range (eg: ±15% of its rated voltage), each DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 works in the MPPT state, and the photovoltaic power generation system is in a normal operating state;
3）当直流母线3的电压高于某一限值（如其额定电压的115%）时，各个直流光伏发电模块1将依次退出MPPT状态，进入恒压工作状态，直至直流母线3的电压在允许的范围内，此时，余下的直流光伏发电模块1仍保持工作在原来工作状态；3) When the voltage of the DC bus 3 is higher than a certain limit (such as 115% of its rated voltage), each DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 will exit the MPPT state in turn and enter the constant voltage working state until the voltage of the DC bus 3 is within the allowable In the range of , at this time, the remaining DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 still keeps working in the original working state;
4）当直流母线3的电压高于其上限值（如其额定电压的120%）时，各个直流光伏发电模块1将依次工作于停机状态，直至直流母线3的电压在允许的范围内，此时，余下的直流光伏发电模块1保持工作在原来工作状态。4) When the voltage of the DC bus 3 is higher than its upper limit (such as 120% of its rated voltage), each DC photovoltaic power generation module 1 will work in the shutdown state in turn until the voltage of the DC bus 3 is within the allowable range. , the remaining DC photovoltaic power generation modules 1 keep working in the original working state.
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其它实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can also have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
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| CN201510073364.7ACN104578171B (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2015-02-12 | A kind of control method of direct current photovoltaic generating module |
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| CN201510073364.7ACN104578171B (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2015-02-12 | A kind of control method of direct current photovoltaic generating module |
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