技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种滴灌玉米氮素营养诊断及推荐追氮的方法，具体涉及一种基于植株硝酸盐浓度的高密度种植模式下的高产滴灌玉米氮素营养诊断及推荐追氮的方法。The invention relates to a method for diagnosing nitrogen nutrition in drip irrigation corn and recommending nitrogen topdressing, in particular to a method for diagnosing nitrogen nutrition in drip irrigation corn and recommending nitrogen topdressing under a high-density planting mode based on plant nitrate concentration.
背景技术Background technique
我国是世界上第二玉米生产大国，年产量占世界总产量的20％，同时也是玉米消费大国，在国家粮食安全中具有举足轻重的地位。水肥特别是氮肥的投入是玉米产量不断提高的重要因素。玉米株型高大，需氮量较多，氮肥不足会造成玉米生长期氮素营养缺乏，导致产量降低；氮肥过量则会造成玉米贪青旺长，影响群体结构，易倒伏及病虫害增加等，最终导致产量和氮肥利用率的降低。因此，科学合理地施用氮肥对玉米高产、养分资源高效利用以及生态环境保护均具有重要意义。my country is the second largest corn producer in the world, with an annual output accounting for 20% of the world's total output. It is also a major corn consumer and plays a pivotal role in national food security. The input of water and fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, is an important factor for the continuous increase of corn yield. The plant type of corn is tall and needs more nitrogen. Insufficient nitrogen fertilizer will cause the lack of nitrogen nutrition in the growing period of corn, resulting in a decrease in yield; leading to a reduction in yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Therefore, the scientific and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer is of great significance to the high yield of maize, the efficient use of nutrient resources and the protection of the ecological environment.
目前，在滴灌玉米生产中，各阶段氮肥的追肥量缺乏量化标准，尤其在近年来推行的高密度种植模式下，单凭生产经验和以往常规密度种植模式下的施肥技术，对缺乏种植经验的生产者来说可操作性差，很难获得最佳施肥效果。因此，寻求一种基于高密度种植模式下的滴灌玉米植株氮素营养诊断指标进行氮肥最佳追肥推荐的科学方法，对优化氮肥管理和防止环境污染均具有十分重要的意义。At present, in drip irrigation corn production, there is no quantitative standard for the topdressing amount of nitrogen fertilizer at each stage. For producers, the operability is poor, and it is difficult to obtain the best fertilization effect. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek a scientific method for recommending the best topdressing nitrogen fertilizer based on the diagnostic index of nitrogen nutrition in drip irrigation corn plants under high-density planting mode, which is of great significance for optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management and preventing environmental pollution.
硝态氮是植物氮素营养的主要吸收与运输形式，主要存在于植株的营养器官，对玉米而言，多年研究已证实，在抽雄前，植株最上部完全展平叶硝态氮含量可反映生育前期玉米植株的氮素营养状态；近年来研究发现，抽雄后，植株穗位叶叶鞘硝态氮含量也能反映生育中后期玉米植株的氮素营养状态，且相关性显著。本发明则利用玉米植株氮素营养状态与功能叶叶鞘硝态氮的对应关系，来判断玉米植株氮素营养状态并得出最佳追氮量的方法，以达到指导滴灌玉米氮肥追肥管理的目的。Nitrate nitrogen is the main form of absorption and transportation of plant nitrogen nutrition, and it mainly exists in the vegetative organs of plants. For corn, many years of research have confirmed that before tasseling, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the leaves of the uppermost part of the plant can reflect The nitrogen nutrition status of maize plants in the early growth stage; recent studies have found that after tasseling, the nitrate nitrogen content of the ear and leaf sheaths of plants can also reflect the nitrogen nutrition status of maize plants in the middle and late growth stages, and the correlation is significant. The present invention uses the corresponding relationship between the nitrogen nutrition state of the corn plant and the nitrate nitrogen of the functional leaves and sheaths to judge the nitrogen nutrition state of the corn plant and obtain the method for optimal topdressing nitrogen amount, so as to achieve the purpose of guiding the management of drip irrigation corn nitrogen fertilizer topdressing .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种滴灌玉米氮素营养快速、简便、经济、实用的诊断及推荐追氮的方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a quick, simple, economical and practical method for diagnosing and recommending nitrogen topdressing for drip irrigation corn nitrogen nutrition.
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是，一种滴灌玉米氮素营养诊断及推荐追氮的方法，包括以下步骤：The technical scheme that the present invention adopts to solve its technical problem is, a kind of drip irrigation corn nitrogen nutrition diagnosis and the method for recommending top-dressing nitrogen, comprise the following steps:
(1)取样：土壤肥力中偏下，种植密度为105000株/hm2的滴灌玉米田，随机选定5株长势均匀的玉米植株，在上午10～12点取样，用消过毒的剪刀剪下每株玉米功能叶叶鞘，用去离子水清洗，用吸水纸擦干，再用消过毒的剪刀剪成0.5cm小段，备用。(1) Sampling: In a drip-irrigated cornfield with medium to low soil fertility and a planting density of 105,000 plants/hm2 , 5 corn plants with uniform growth were randomly selected, and samples were taken at 10-12 am, and cut with sterilized scissors. Remove the functional leaf sheaths of each corn plant, wash them with deionized water, dry them with absorbent paper, and cut them into 0.5 cm sections with sterilized scissors for later use.
(2)样品处理：将步骤(1)中备用的小段样品用微型榨汁器榨汁，将榨取的汁液用吸管移入2mL离心管内，然后使用微量移液器移取0.1ml样液入5ml离心管内，用蒸馏水稀释10倍备用。(2) Sample processing: Use a micro-juicer to squeeze the small sample that was spared in step (1), transfer the squeezed juice into a 2mL centrifuge tube with a straw, and then use a micropipette to pipette 0.1ml of the sample into a 5ml centrifuge In the tube, dilute 10 times with distilled water for later use.
(3)检测：将测试范围为5～250mg/L硝酸盐试纸条浸入步骤(2)中的稀释液5秒后取出，用吸水纸蘸去试纸条上多余液体，插入矫正过的处于测试状态下的反射仪进行测定，即可测出硝酸盐浓度，每个样品做3次硝酸盐浓度平行测量值，取平均值。(3) Detection: Immerse the nitrate test strip with a test range of 5-250mg/L into the diluent in step (2) for 5 seconds, take it out, dip the excess liquid on the test strip with absorbent paper, insert the corrected The nitrate concentration can be measured by the reflectometer in the test state, and the nitrate concentration is measured in parallel three times for each sample, and the average value is taken.
(4)植株氮素营养状态诊断：将步骤(3)中的测量的硝酸盐浓度平均值与以下各时期硝酸盐临界浓度值进行对比来诊断植株氮素营养状态。在种植密度为105000株/hm2的高产滴灌玉米田，拔节期，玉米植株最上部完全展平叶叶鞘的硝酸盐浓度临界值为759.26mg/L；抽雄吐丝期，穗位叶叶鞘硝酸盐浓度临界值为583.01mg/L；灌浆期，穗位叶叶鞘硝酸盐浓度临界值为92.71mg/L；若测量的硝酸盐浓度平均值高于或等于各时期硝酸盐浓度临界值，则不需追施氮肥；低于各时期硝酸盐浓度临界值，则需追施氮肥。(4) Diagnosis of plant nitrogen nutrition status: compare the average nitrate concentration measured in step (3) with the following nitrate critical concentration values in each period to diagnose the nitrogen nutrition status of the plant. In a high-yield drip-irrigated corn field with a planting density of 105,000 plants/hm2 , the critical value of nitrate concentration in the leaf sheaths at the top of the corn plant is 759.26 mg/L at the jointing stage; The critical value of the concentration is 583.01 mg/L; the critical value of the nitrate concentration of the ear and leaf sheath is 92.71 mg/L at the filling stage; Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer; if it is lower than the critical value of nitrate concentration in each period, nitrogen fertilizer should be topdressing.
(5)各生育时期最佳氮肥追肥量推荐：经步骤(4)判断后，若测量硝酸盐浓度平均值低于各时期硝酸盐临界浓度值，则首先根据全生育期总施氮水平N与产量Y的一元二次函数方程，得出种植密度为105000株/hm2的高产滴灌玉米全生育期最佳施氮量Nopt为426.65kg/hm2；然后利用各生育时期植株硝酸盐浓度测定值Nt与同期施氮水平Nfert的线性关系Nt＝a+bNfert，以及追氮量公式Nd＝Nopt-Nfert建立高密度种植模式下滴灌玉米氮素追肥模型公式Nd＝Nopt+a/b-Nt/b，其中，b为各生育时期植株硝酸盐浓度与施氮水平线性方程的回归系数，a为截距；根据以上结果，最终得出基于植株硝酸盐浓度的高产滴灌玉米最佳氮肥追肥推荐指标为：拔节期Nd＝493.89-0.1780Nt，抽雄吐丝期Nd＝498.21-0.4522Nt，灌浆期Nd＝489.86-3.1250Nt，其中，式中Nd为各时期最佳氮肥(kg/hm2)，Nt为植株硝酸盐浓度实测值(mg/L)。(5) Recommendations for the best amount of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing in each growth period: after step (4) judgment, if the average value of measured nitrate concentration is lower than the critical concentration value of nitrate in each period, firstly, according to the total nitrogen application level N in the whole growth period and Yield Y quadratic function equation, it is obtained that the planting density is 105,000 plants/hm2 The optimal nitrogen application rate Nopt for the whole growth period of drip irrigation maize is 426.65kg/hm2 ; The linear relationship between the value Nt and the level of nitrogen fertilization Nfert in the same period Nt ＝a+bNfert , and the formula of nitrogen topdressing Nd ＝Nopt -Nfert to establish the model formula of nitrogen topdressing fertilizer for drip irrigation corn under high-density planting mode Nd ＝ Nopt +a/bNt /b, wherein, b is the regression coefficient of the linear equation between plant nitrate concentration and nitrogen application level at each growth stage, and a is the intercept; The recommended indicators of the best nitrogen fertilizer topdressing for drip irrigation corn are: Nd = 493.89-0.1780Nt at the jointing stage, Nd = 498.21-0.4522Nt at the tasseling and silking stage, Nd = 489.86-3.1250Nt at the filling stage, where Nd is the optimal nitrogen fertilizer in each period (kg/hm2 ), Nt is the measured value of plant nitrate concentration (mg/L).
步骤(1)中，所述玉米功能叶在抽雄前为植株最上部完全展平叶，抽雄后为玉米穗位叶。In step (1), the corn functional leaves are completely flattened leaves at the top of the plant before tasseling, and are maize ear-position leaves after tasseling.
本发明采用植株功能叶为测试对象，避免了传统方法受外界环境条件的干扰以及预测结果的滞后性；测量指标更加直接、可靠，可及时准确地判定植株氮素营养状态；测量手段更加简单，携带方便，尤其适合于田间操作和基层工作使用。对于指导高密度种植模式下高产滴灌玉米施肥管理具有很好的应用前景。The present invention adopts the functional leaf of the plant as the test object, which avoids the interference of the traditional method by external environmental conditions and the hysteresis of the prediction result; the measurement index is more direct and reliable, and the nitrogen nutrition state of the plant can be judged timely and accurately; the measurement method is simpler, It is easy to carry, especially suitable for field operations and grassroots work. It has a good application prospect for guiding the fertilization management of high-yield drip irrigation maize under high-density planting mode.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是玉米抽雄吐丝前最上部第一片展平叶叶鞘示意图，即为取样部位示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the first flattened leaf sheath at the top of corn before silking, which is a schematic diagram of the sampling site;
图2是玉米抽雄吐丝后穗位叶叶鞘示意图，即为取样部位示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the leaf sheath at ear position after maize tasseling and silking, which is a schematic diagram of the sampling site.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步加以说明。应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
实施前提条件：土壤肥力中偏下，种植密度为105000株/hm2的高产滴灌玉米田。Preconditions for implementation: low-to-medium soil fertility, high-yield drip irrigation cornfield with a planting density of 105,000 plants/hm2 .
全生育期最佳施氮量推荐：建立全生育期总施氮水平N与产量Y的一元二次函数方程：Y＝-0.0462N2+39.4220N+8665.9(R2＝0.8838**)。The optimal nitrogen application rate recommendation for the whole growth period: establish the quadratic function equation of the total nitrogen application level N and the yield Y in the whole growth period: Y=-0.0462N2 +39.4220N+8665.9 (R2 ＝0.8838** ).
式中：Y为玉米籽粒产量(kg/hm2)，N为全生育期总施氮水平(kgN/hm2)。In the formula: Y is the corn grain yield (kg/hm2 ), N is the total nitrogen application level in the whole growth period (kgN/hm2 ).
对上式求偏导，得出在本试验条件下，玉米达到1138.37kg/hm2的最高产量时，全生育期内总施氮量为426.65kg N/hm2，即可作为全生育期最佳施氮量参考。By calculating the partial derivative of the above formula, it can be concluded that under the conditions of this experiment, when the maximum yield of maize reaches 1138.37kg/hm2 , the total amount of nitrogen application in the whole growth period is 426.65kg N/hm2 , which can be used as the maximum amount of nitrogen in the whole growth period. Best nitrogen application reference.
氮素营养诊断指标的确立：根据玉米在各生育时期的植株硝酸盐浓度Nt与最终产量Y建立一元二次方程如下：Establishment of nitrogen nutrition diagnostic index: According to the plant nitrate concentration Nt and the final yield Y of corn in each growth period, a quadratic equation of one element is established as follows:
1、拔节期(出苗后50天)：Y＝-0.0459Nt2+66.9460Nt+7611.7(R2＝0.7265*)；1. Jointing stage (50 days after emergence): Y=-0.0459Nt2 +66.9460Nt +7611.7 (R2 =0.7265* );
2、抽雄吐丝期(出苗后60天)：Y＝-0.0392Nt2+45.7080Nt+3811.5(R2＝0.8399**)；2. Tasseling and silking stage (60 days after emergence): Y=-0.0392Nt2 +45.7080Nt +3811.5 (R2 =0.8399** );
3、灌浆期(出苗后80天)：Y＝-1.5242Nt2+282.6100Nt+4105.0(R2＝0.8913**)。3. Grain filling stage (80 days after emergence): Y=-1.5242Nt2 +282.6100Nt +4105.0 (R2 =0.8913** ).
式中：Y为玉米籽粒产量(kg/hm2)，Nt为各生育时期植株硝酸盐浓度(mg/L)。Where: Y is corn grain yield (kg/hm2 ), Nt is plant nitrate concentration (mg/L) at each growth stage.
对[0016]公式求偏导，得出在玉米各生育时期，基于植株硝酸盐浓度的氮素营养临界指标为：To [0016] formula asks partial derivation, draws in each growth stage of corn, the critical index of nitrogen nutrition based on plant nitrate concentration is:
1、拔节期(出苗后50天)：植株最上部完全展平叶叶鞘的硝酸盐临界浓度为759.26mg/L；1. Jointing stage (50 days after emergence): the critical concentration of nitrate in the uppermost part of the plant to completely flatten the leaf sheath is 759.26mg/L;
2、抽雄吐丝期(出苗后60天)：穗位叶叶鞘硝酸盐临界浓度为583.01mg/L；2. At the stage of tasseling and silking (60 days after emergence): the critical concentration of nitrate in leaf sheaths at ear position is 583.01 mg/L;
3、灌浆期(出苗后80天)：穗位叶叶鞘硝酸盐临界浓度为92.71mg/L。3. Grain filling stage (80 days after emergence): the critical concentration of nitrate in leaf sheaths at ear position is 92.71mg/L.
依据各生育时期植株硝酸盐浓度测定值Nt与同期氮肥水平Nfert可建立线性方程为Nt＝a+b Nfert，式中b为各生育时期植株硝酸盐浓度与施氮水平线性方程的回归系数，a为截距，具体如下：According to the measured value Nt of plant nitrate concentration in each growth period and the level of nitrogen fertilizer Nfert in the same period, a linear equation can be established as Nt = a+b Nfert , where b is the linear equation of plant nitrate concentration and nitrogen fertilization level in each growth period The regression coefficient, a is the intercept, as follows:
1、拔节期(出苗后50天)：Nt＝377.71+5.6175 Nfert(R2＝0.7519*)；1. Jointing stage (50 days after emergence): Nt =377.71+5.6175 Nfert (R2 =0.7519* );
2、抽雄吐丝期(出苗后60天)：Nt＝158.23+2.2112 Nfert(R2＝0.9210*)；2. Tasseling and silking stage (60 days after emergence): Nt =158.23+2.2112 Nfert (R2 =0.9210* );
3、灌浆期(出苗后80天)：Nt＝20.228+0.3200 Nfert(R2＝0.9414**)。3. Grain filling stage (80 days after emergence): Nt =20.228+0.3200 Nfert (R2 =0.9414** ).
玉米氮素营养诊断追肥模型的建立：将[0019]公式带入追肥公式Nd＝Nopt-Nfert中，即可得出基于植株硝酸盐含量的高密度种植模式下的滴灌玉米氮肥追肥模型。式中Nd为各生育时期的追氮量，Nopt为全生育期最佳施氮量426.65kg N/hm2，Nfert为各生育时期的氮肥水平。The establishment of the topdressing model of corn nitrogen nutrition diagnosis: the [0019] formula is brought into the topdressing formula Nd = Nopt -Nfert , and the drip irrigation corn nitrogen fertilizer topdressing model under the high-density planting mode based on the nitrate content of the plant can be obtained . In the formula, Nd is the amount of topdressing nitrogen in each growth period, Nopt is the optimal nitrogen application rate of 426.65 kg N/hm2 in the whole growth period, and Nfert is the nitrogen fertilizer level in each growth period.
实施例1：拔节期，滴灌玉米氮素营养诊断方法与追肥推荐1、取样：土壤肥力中偏下，种植密度为105000株/hm2的滴灌玉米田，随机选定5株长势均匀的玉米植株，在上午10～12点取样，用消毒的剪刀剪下每株玉米最上部完全展平叶叶鞘，用去离子水清洗，用吸水纸擦干，再用消毒的剪刀剪成0.5cm小段，备用；Example 1: Jointing stage, drip irrigation maize nitrogen nutrition diagnosis method and topdressing recommendation 1. Sampling: In a drip irrigation corn field with a planting density of 105,000 plants/hm2 , randomly select 5 corn plants with uniform growth , take samples at 10-12 in the morning, cut off the uppermost leaf sheath of each corn plant with sterilized scissors and completely flatten the leaf sheaths, wash with deionized water, dry with absorbent paper, and then cut into 0.5cm small pieces with sterilized scissors, set aside ;
2、样品处理：将步骤1中备用的小段样品用微型榨汁器榨汁，接着将榨取的汁液用吸管移入2mL离心管内，然后使用微量移液器移取0.1ml样液入5ml离心管内，用蒸馏水稀释10倍备用；2. Sample processing: Use a micro juicer to extract the juice from the spare sample in step 1, then transfer the extracted juice into a 2mL centrifuge tube with a straw, and then use a micropipette to pipette 0.1ml of the sample solution into a 5ml centrifuge tube. Dilute 10 times with distilled water for later use;
3、检测：将测试范围为5～250mg/L硝酸盐试纸条浸入步骤(2)中的稀释液中5秒后取出，用吸水纸蘸去试纸条上多余液体，插入矫正过的处于测试状态下的反射仪进行测定，即可测出硝酸盐浓度，每个样品做3次硝酸盐浓度平行测量值，取平均值；3. Detection: Immerse the nitrate test strip with a test range of 5-250mg/L in the diluent in step (2) for 5 seconds, take it out, dip the excess liquid on the test strip with absorbent paper, insert the corrected The nitrate concentration can be measured by the reflectometer in the test state, and the nitrate concentration of each sample is measured in parallel three times, and the average value is taken;
4、植株氮素营养状态诊断：将步骤3中测量的硝酸盐浓度平均值与拔节期硝酸盐临界浓度值进行对比来诊断植株氮素营养状态：当硝酸盐浓度测量值低于拔节期硝酸盐临界浓度值759.26mg/L时，则需追施氮肥；4. Diagnosis of plant nitrogen nutrition status: compare the average nitrate concentration measured in step 3 with the critical concentration value of nitrate at the jointing stage to diagnose the nitrogen nutritional status of the plant: when the measured value of nitrate concentration is lower than the nitrate concentration at the jointing stage When the critical concentration is 759.26 mg/L, topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer is required;
5、经步骤4判断后，若测量的硝酸盐浓度平均值低于拔节期硝酸盐临界浓度值，则根据拔节期植株硝酸盐浓度(Nt)与施氮量(Nfert)线性关系Nt＝a+b Nfert和追氮量公式Nd＝Nopt-Nfert，得出基于植株硝酸盐含量的高密度种植模式下的滴灌玉米拔节期氮素营养诊断追肥模型Nd＝Nopt+a/b-Nt/b＝493.89-0.1780Nt，将玉米功能叶叶鞘硝酸盐浓度Nt用步骤1～3方法测出后代入上式即可求出拔节期氮肥最佳追肥量。5. After judging by step 4, if the average value of the measured nitrate concentration is lower than the critical concentration value of nitrate at the jointing stage, then according to the linear relationship Nt between the plant nitrate concentration (Nt ) and the nitrogen application rate (Nfert ) at the jointing stage ＝a+b Nfert and the formula of nitrogen topdressing Nd ＝Nopt -Nfert , the topdressing model of nitrogen nutrition diagnosis for corn at jointing stage of drip irrigation under the high-density planting mode based on plant nitrate content is obtained Nd ＝Nopt + a/bNt /b=493.89-0.1780Nt , the nitrate concentration Nt of corn functional leaf sheaths is measured by the method of steps 1 to 3 and then substituted into the above formula to obtain the optimal topdressing amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage.
实施例2：抽雄吐丝期，滴灌玉米氮素营养诊断方法与追肥推荐Example 2: Diagnosis method of nitrogen nutrition and recommendation of topdressing in drip irrigation maize during tasseling and silking
1、取样：与实施例1的区别仅在于用消毒的剪刀剪下每株玉米穗位叶叶鞘；1, sampling: the difference with embodiment 1 is only to cut off the leaf sheath of every ear of corn with sterilized scissors;
2、样品处理：与实施例1相同；2, sample processing: same as embodiment 1;
3、检测：与实施例1相同；3, detection: same as embodiment 1;
4、植株氮素营养状态诊断：将步骤3中的硝酸盐浓度测量的平均值与抽雄吐丝期硝酸盐临界浓度值进行对比来诊断植株氮素营养状态：硝酸盐浓度测量值低于抽雄吐丝期硝酸盐临界浓度值583.01mg/L，则需追施氮肥；4. Diagnosis of plant nitrogen nutrition status: compare the average value of nitrate concentration measured in step 3 with the critical concentration value of nitrate in the silking stage of tasseling to diagnose the nitrogen nutrition status of plants: the measured value of nitrate concentration is lower than that of tasseling When the critical concentration of nitrate in the silk stage is 583.01 mg/L, topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer is required;
5、原理与实施例1相同，经步骤4判断后，若测量的硝酸盐浓度平均值低于抽雄吐丝期硝酸盐临界浓度值，则根据追肥模型Nd＝498.21-0.4522 Nt，将玉米穗位叶叶鞘硝酸盐浓度Nt用步骤1～3方法测出后代入上式即可求出抽雄吐丝期氮肥最佳追肥量。5. The principle is the same as in Example 1. After the judgment in step 4, if the measured average value of nitrate concentration is lower than the critical concentration value of nitrate in the tasseling and silking stage, then according to the topdressing model Nd = 498.21-0.4522 Nt , the corn The nitrate concentration Nt of the leaf sheath at the panicle position is measured by the method of steps 1 to 3 and then substituted into the above formula to obtain the optimal topdressing amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the silking stage of tasseling.
实施例3：灌浆期，滴灌玉米氮素营养诊断方法Embodiment 3: Diagnosis method of nitrogen nutrition in drip irrigation corn during grain filling stage
1、取样：与实施例1的区别仅仅在于用消毒的剪刀剪下每株玉米抽雄后玉米穗位叶叶鞘；1, sampling: the difference with embodiment 1 is only to cut off the corn ear position leaf sheath after every plant corn tasseling with sterilized scissors;
2、样品处理：与实施例1相同；2, sample processing: same as embodiment 1;
3、检测：与实施例1相同；3, detection: same as embodiment 1;
4、植株氮素营养状态判断：将步骤3中的测量的硝酸盐浓度平均值与灌浆期硝酸盐临界浓度值进行对比来诊断植株氮素营养状态：硝酸盐浓度测量值低于灌浆期硝酸盐临界浓度值92.71mg/L，则需追施氮肥；4. Judgment of plant nitrogen nutrition status: compare the average nitrate concentration measured in step 3 with the critical concentration value of nitrate during the filling period to diagnose the nitrogen nutrition status of the plant: the measured value of nitrate concentration is lower than that of nitrate during the filling period If the critical concentration is 92.71mg/L, topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer is required;
5、原理与实施例1相同，经步骤4判断后，若测量的硝酸盐浓度平均值低于灌浆期硝酸盐临界浓度值，则根据追肥模型Nd＝489.86-3.1250 Nt，将玉米穗位叶叶鞘硝酸盐浓度实测值Nt用步骤1～3方法测出后代入上式即可求出灌浆期氮肥最佳追肥量。5. The principle is the same as in Example 1. After the judgment in step 4, if the measured average value of nitrate concentration is lower than the critical concentration value of nitrate in the filling stage, then according to the topdressing model Nd = 489.86-3.1250 Nt , the corn ear position The measured value Nt of the nitrate concentration of the leaf and sheath is measured by the method of steps 1 to 3 and then substituted into the above formula to obtain the optimal topdressing amount of nitrogen fertilizer during the filling period.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still understand the foregoing embodiments The recorded technical solutions are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced.
凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201510006211.0ACN104541722B (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-01-06 | A kind of method that drip irrigation Semen Maydis Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis and recommendation chase after nitrogen |
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| CN201510006211.0ACN104541722B (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-01-06 | A kind of method that drip irrigation Semen Maydis Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis and recommendation chase after nitrogen |
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| CN102374971A (en)* | 2010-08-09 | 2012-03-14 | 中国农业大学 | Method for estimating LNC (leaf nitrogen content) of corns based on hyperspectral technique |
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