A kind of full rotation directional type steering tool and guidance methodTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of directed drilling steering tool and guidance method, more particularly to a kind of full rotation directional type guidingInstrument and guidance method.
Background technology
In prior art, rotary steerable tool is controlled due to the guiding that well track is realized under drill string rotating state, gramThe defects such as excessive frictional resistance in slide-and-guide operation, landwaste deposition and extreme displacement be little are taken, wellbore quality can have been increased substantially, boredWell efficiency and drilling safety, so the guiding construction for being widely used in extended reach well, horizontal well and 3 D complex structure well is madeIndustry, is one of current typical advanced drilling equipment.
Rotary steerable tool is divided into two kinds of fundamental types of drill bit pushing type and drill bit directional type by guidance mode at present, pressesPower transferring structure mode can be divided into " drive shaft-not rotary sleeve " structure and " full rotation " structure etc. again, and wherein full rotation is pointed toFormula steering tool combines directional type and is oriented to the advantage with both full rotation drilling wells, is suitable for stratum and the operation of various complexityOperating mode, drilled deeper, drilling speed is higher, Marine oil and gas resource develop and in oil field development complex reservoir bore ultradeep well,It is more competing in the special wells such as high-leveled and difficult directional well, cluster well, horizontal well, extended reach well, Multilateral Wells and 3 D complex structure wellStrive power.Therefore, it be current drilling engineering and oil-gas exploration and development in the urgent need to a sophisticated drilling equipment, be modern guidingThe trend of drilling technology development.
The domestic and international existing a variety of modes in rotary steerable tool design research and development, abroad, the rotation of many companies' research and developmentTurn steering tool and there is many difference in design, feature is also different.The AutoTrack of such as Baker Hughes Inc is to boreThe Typical Representative of head pushing type instrument, " drive shaft-not rotary sleeve " construction featuress of research and development are by control not rotary sleeveLifting force block act on make a concerted effort size and the direction of the borehole wall carry out guiding operation (referring for example to patent documentation WO2008101020A,US2013256034A etc.).And Geo-Pilot (the examples of typical drill bit directional type rotary steerable tool such as Halliburton CompanyAs with reference to patent documentation WO2014055068A), the Revolution of Weatherford is (referring for example to patent documentationWO2008120025A) and Schlumberger PowerDrive Xceed (referring for example to patent documentation NO20061119A)Deng wherein the Geo-Pilot and Revolution are static directional type rotary steerable tools, feature is that instrument deflecting ability is led toCross down-hole adjustment steering tool biasing displacement to realize, and continuously adjustable.The PowerDrive Xceed are " full rotation " knotsStructure, i.e. full rotation directional type steering tool, employ fixed guide bias structure, its build angle rate by the guiding of alternate andAngle holding drilling pattern is controlled by conducting under ground system to parameter (tool-face and be oriented to ratio) realizing.Due toThe restriction of controlled instruction encoding length, passed parameter can not meet the needs of borehole track precise controlling, and due to stratum spyProperty etc. cause steering tool build angle rate change when, continually pass down transfer order, will affect steerable drilling working performance.
Ye Youduo companies and scientific research institution are researching and developing rotary steerable tool at home, and now in type instrument is entirely almostDrill bit pushing type guiding mode, operation principle are essentially identical with external product, simply present in particular technique implementationCertain difference.And drill bit directional type rotary steerable tool is domestic at present still in space state.
Based on this, the applicant on the basis of external drill bit directional type rotary steerable tool of making thorough investigation and study, particularly pinThe shortcoming existed by the PowerDrive Xceed full rotation directional types steering tool of Schlumberger, it is proposed that a kind of to improveFull rotation directional type steering tool, and construct a kind of efficient rotary steering system, not only effectively solving the problems referred to above, energyEnough meet the needs of borehole track precise controlling, without the need for continually passing transfer order down, substantially increase wellbore trajectory control essenceDegree and steerable drilling working performance, and fill up the blank of domestic technique.
The content of the invention
In consideration of it, present invention aim at proposing that one kind can determine steering tool control model and be oriented to parameter, improvesSteerable drilling working performance, the rotary steerable tool and guidance method that meet directed drilling guiding demand for control.
In accordance with the invention it is possible to optimize rotary steerable tool and control and realize that closed loop is oriented to control, improve steerable drilling and makeIndustry efficiency and wellbore trajectory control precision, disclosure satisfy that extended reach well, complicated geological constitution water horizontal well and geologic steering drilling railThe requirement of road control.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of full rotation directional type steering tool, it is characterised in which is from top to bottom by dockingWith expanding element, power supply unit, measure-controlling unit and guiding performance element composition, when being furnished with MTR, the dockingIt is connected with expanding element with wireless short pass transmitter/receiver unit, when MTR is not matched somebody with somebody, with transmission and measurement while drilling unitMachinery and electrical connection；Said supply unit steering tool described in down-hole provides power, by turbogenerator, battery, for automatically controlledCircuit processed etc. is constituted；Measure-controlling unit includes down-hole master control, orientation parameter/drill string rotating speed/external and internal pressure measurement measurement part,Realize that subsurface teletype command is received and is oriented to control instruction output function；Being oriented to performance element includes that motor, decelerator, rotation becomeDepressor, guide offset mechanism, guiding mandrel, bearing group and sealing structure etc., are oriented to mandrel upper end and are placed in guide offset mechanism,Connected by bearing, biasing mechanism can be oppositely oriented and freely rotated；By torsion pass part, drill string rotating power is passed to into coreAxle, drives the bit of its lower end to creep into.
In addition, by motor, driving guide offset mechanism to reversely rotate with the identical speed of drill string, so as in steering toolDynamic formation one tool-face stable relative to the earth in portion's carries out guiding operation.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of guidance method, guiding work is carried out using the full rotation directional type steering toolIndustry.
The present invention also provides a kind of rotary steering system, is led by ground monitoring subsystem, both-way communication and drilling well down-holeConstitute to subsystem, it is characterised in that the down-hole is oriented to subsystem to be included：It is information transfer and measurement while drilling unit, wireless shortPass the guiding work that reception/transmission unit, MTR unit, wireless short pass transmission/reception unit and the invention described above are providedTool.
In described information transmission and measurement while drilling unit, it is disposed with positive pulse generator, drives pipe nipple, battery sleeve shortSection, orientation parameter, underground vibrating, resistivity and gamma etc. measure pipe nipple, realize engineering, geologic parameter measurement and underground survey numberAccording to upload function.When the steering tool is furnished with above-mentioned MTR, using the described wireless short of motor upper and lower side outfitPass two-way communication (send/receive) unit and realize the steering tool and the transmission and with the letter bored between parameter measurement unitBreath is exchanged, and the MTR is matched somebody with somebody to improve the steering tool rotating speed and drill bit broken rock moment of torsion；Otherwise with the guiding workTool is directly connected to, and realizes data communication.With expanding element, the docking realizes that the steering tool is surveyed with the transmission and with boringAmount unit machinery, electrical connection.Said supply unit includes turbogenerator and set of cells, and respectively motor and telemetry circuit is suppliedElectricity.The measurement includes lateral magnetic force meter, orientation sensing device assembly, axes accelerometers, pressure transducer, rotation with control unitTransformation depressor, motor and decelerator, guide offset mechanism, circuit of measurement and control etc.；Drill string rotating speed is measured using orthogonal magnetometersAnd the dynamic magnetic tool-face of tool-face groove；General orientation sensor measurement hole angle, azimuth and tool-face；By in post/Annular pressure sensor is used for subsurface and passes drilling fluid pressure inside and outside signal, survey tool, monitoring circulation of drilling fluid state；Axial acceleration is measured using axes accelerometers, for calculating axially-movable distance；Rotary transformer measurement is described to be oriented to partiallyPut mechanism rotation position and speed；Drive the guide offset mechanism to reversely rotate by motor and decelerator, by rotating speed andThe adjustment in position control implementation tool face and form tool-face stable relative to the earth；The measurement is responsible for demodulation with control unitLower teletype command, acquisition sensor reading, measurement and control calculating, down-hole master control, data storage and communication, driving are oriented to and controlDeng.The guiding performance element band action-oriented mandrel rotation, drives drill bit to carry out guiding operation by specified tool-face.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of guidance method, guiding operation is carried out using the rotary steering system.
In addition, according to the present invention, in order to realize that down-hole depth and track, from motion tracking purpose, before steering tool is gone into the well, are depositedPre stored design track section node data in reservoir, track basic parameter and well survey to be drilled point depth data are bored, reachedDuring measurement point depth (usually make up a joint depth), suspend drillstring motion deviational survey, upload deviational survey data to ground system, then underPass and confirm instruction, down-hole obtains measuring point track basic parameter (depth measurement, hole deviation and orientation), and then analyzes well track deviation, reallyFixed track to be drilled and guiding parameter.
Further, according to the invention, it is further possible to utilize axial acceleration sensor to calculate drilling depth increment after deviational survey,Borehole track is automatically controlled according to guiding parameter (guided mode, segment length and tool face azimuth) is calculated, lower teletype command is reduced, raising is ledTo working performance and wellbore trajectory control precision.
According to the present invention, above-mentioned guide offset mechanism can adopt constant offset and adjustable skew two ways.For adjustableFor offset manner, control side-play amount size to realize hole curvature control, complicated in mechanical structure by steering tool；For solidFor determining offset manner, adopted by steering tool and be oriented to hold pattern alternately operating to reach required hole curvature, machineryStructure is simpler.Consider from this point on, in order to reduce the complexity of steering tool controlling organization, further improve systemReliability, generally adopts constant offset mode.According to the steering tool that the present invention is provided, can determine guiding control model, leadTo parameter, design borehole track is realized with optimum control program.
Generally, steering tool control model has two kinds, and one kind is hold pattern, and one kind is guided mode.In hold patternIn there are two schemes, a kind of scheme is that control guide offset mechanism reversely rotates, and keeps certain speed discrepancy with steering tool；Another kind of scheme is that control guide offset mechanism reversely rotates, and keeps same rotational speed, formed steady relative to the earth between steering toolFixed tool-face, and one of short duration duration of tool-face is maintained, then when certain angular interval, change tool-face and of short duration maintenance fixationIt is long, hold angle drilling well purpose is reached with this.And in guided mode, be generally oriented to by the tool-face of wellbore trajectory control requirementInstrument is controlled.
Generally, when hole curvature is adjusted, by controlling steering tool with hold angle and the alternate mode of guided mode come realIt is existing.When using down-hole automatic guide pattern, drilling segment length is obtained by axial accelerometer, achievable both of which turns automaticallyChange.
Wherein, using the orientation survey parameter on steering tool and measurement while drilling unit, hole angle, orientation can be monitored automaticallyAngle and the change of hole curvature, realize that steering tool downhole closed loop is controlled.
Invention effect
The steering tool provided according to the present invention and guidance method, can realize that the full rotation of drill bit directional type is oriented to, canDetermine that steering tool control model, guiding ratio and drilling depth, magnetic or gravity tool-face parameter carry out guide digging operation；Down-holeTwo-way communication can be carried out with ground, without the need for frequently carrying out communication conduction, steerable drilling working performance and essence is greatly increasedDegree.
Description of the drawings
Rotary steering system schematic diagrams of the Fig. 1 for the specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is made with reference to specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings and being described in further detail.
Rotary steering system schematic diagrams of the Fig. 1 for the specific embodiment of the invention.
Rotary steering system of the present invention, is oriented to subsystem structure by ground monitoring subsystem, both-way communication subsystem and down-holeInto as shown in figure 1, rotary steering system down-hole of the present invention basic configuration includes：It is information transfer and measurement while drilling unit 1, wirelessShort pass reception/transmission unit 2, MTR unit 3, wireless short pass transmission/reception unit 4, docking and expanding element 5, power supplyUnit 6, measurement and control unit 7, guiding performance element 8.
In FIG, 1. represent orientation parameter measurement, 2. represent wireless short pass down-hole information, 3. represent turbogenerator andSet of cells, 4. represents magnetometer (surveying rotating speed and dynamic magnetic tool-face), 5. represents orientation sensing device assembly, 6. represent accelerometer(surveying axially-movable distance), 7. represents pressure transducer (passing information under receiving), 8. represents motor, 9. represent decelerator, 10. tableShow rotary transformer (survey and be oriented to mandrel rotating speed and guide offset mechanism position),Guide offset mechanism is represented,Represent bearing,Represent and be oriented to mandrel,Represent torsion pass part.
In information transfer and measurement while drilling unit 1, positive pulse generator is disposed with, pipe nipple, battery sleeve pipe nipple is driven, is determinedPipe nipple is measured to parameter, underground vibrating, resistivity and gamma etc., is realized in engineering, geologic parameter measurement and underground survey dataPass on Gong energy.When steering tool matches somebody with somebody MTR 3, the wireless short pass bidirectional communication unit 4 being equipped with using motor upper and lower side is realizedSteering tool and transmission and with bore parameter measurement unit 1 between information exchange, MTR 3 for improve steering tool rotating speed andDrill bit broken rock moment of torsion and match somebody with somebody；Otherwise it is directly connected to steering tool, realizes data communication.Docking is realized being oriented to expanding element 5Instrument and transmission and the machinery of measurement while drilling unit 1, electrically connect.Power supply unit 6 includes turbogenerator and set of cells, respectively electricityMachine and telemetry circuit are powered.Measurement includes lateral magnetic force meter, orientation sensing device assembly, axes accelerometers, pressure with control unit 7Force transducer, rotary transformer, motor and decelerator, guide offset mechanism, circuit of measurement and control etc.；Surveyed using orthogonal magnetometersThe dynamic magnetic tool-face of amount drill string rotating speed and tool-face groove；General orientation sensor measurement hole angle, azimuth and tool-face；In post/annular pressure sensor is used for subsurface and passes drilling fluid pressure inside and outside signal, survey tool, monitoring circulation of drilling fluidState；6. axes accelerometers measure axial acceleration, for calculating axially-movable distance；It is inclined that 10. rotary transformer measures guidingPut mechanismRotation position and speed；Motor is 8. and 9. decelerator drives guide offset mechanismReversely rotate, by rotating speed and positionPut the adjustment of control realization tool-face and form tool-face stable relative to the earth；Circuit of measurement and control is responsible for demodulation, and biography refers to downMake, obtain sensor reading, measurement and control calculating, down-hole master control, data storage and communication, drive guiding control etc..It is oriented toPerformance element 8 is with action-oriented mandrelRotation, drives drill bit 9 to carry out guiding operation by specified tool-face.
Further, in order to realize down-hole depth and track from motion tracking purpose, before steering tool is gone into the well, prestore in memorizerDesigned path segmented node data, track basic parameter and well survey to be drilled point depth data are bored, reached measurement point depthWhen (usually make up a joint depth), suspend drillstring motion deviational survey, upload deviational survey data arrive ground system, then down biography confirmation refer toOrder, down-hole obtain measuring point track basic parameter (depth measurement, hole deviation and orientation), and then analyze well track deviation, determine rail to be drilledRoad and guiding parameter.
Using axial acceleration sensor calculate deviational survey after drilling depth increment, according to calculate be oriented to parameter (guided mode,Segment length and tool face azimuth) borehole track is automatically controlled, lower teletype command is reduced, is improved and is oriented to working performance and wellbore trajectory control essenceDegree.
In the rotary steering system, as the full rotation directional type rotary steerable tool of core component, from top to bottomIt is made up of with expanding element 5, power supply unit 6, measure-controlling unit 7 and guiding performance element 8 docking.Docking and expanding element 5Realize the machinery with the transmission in the system and measurement while drilling unit 1 and electrically connect, if when matching somebody with somebody MTR 3 with wireless short passUnit 2 connects；Power supply unit 6 provides power for Underwell guide tool, by groups such as turbogenerator, battery, power-supplying circuitsInto；Measure-controlling unit 7 includes down-hole master control, orientation parameter/drill string rotating speed/external and internal pressure measurement part, realizes that subsurface is passedCommand reception and guiding control instruction output function；Be oriented to performance element 8 include motor 8., decelerator 9., rotary transformer 10.,Guide offset mechanism, bearing group, be oriented to mandrel, torsion pass partWith sealing structure etc..Guiding mandrel upper end is placed in leadsInto biasing mechanism, connected by bearing group, biasing mechanism can be oppositely oriented and freely rotated；Drill string rotating power is by torsion pass partGuiding mandrel is passed to, 9 rotary drilling of drill bit of its lower end is driven.
Wherein, the guide offset mechanism is driven to reversely rotate with speed identical with drill string by motor, so as to describedSteering tool internal dynamic forms a tool-face stable relative to the earth and carries out guiding operation.
Although having made detailed description to the present invention with specific embodiment above, this description be it is exemplary,Among the invention is not restricted to the specific embodiment, to those skilled in the art, they can be made respectively to the present inventionPlant change and modify, the various modifications made to the present invention without departing from present inventive concept and scope all should fall in instituteAmong attached scope of the claims.