技术领域technical field
本发明涉及煤层气开发领域，具体涉及一种煤层气丛式双层多分支水平井及对应排采直井系统的钻井方法。The invention relates to the field of coalbed methane development, in particular to a drilling method for a coalbed methane cluster type double-layer multi-branch horizontal well and a corresponding drainage and production vertical well system.
背景技术Background technique
目前，煤层气的开采一般采用直井和水平井两种井型，其中水平井由于其波及面积大，产出量大，已受到越来越广泛的关注和应用。水平井开采煤层气的方式一般采用主井眼通过造斜段与一已完钻的排采直井相连，其后钻设水平段，最终通过排采直井投入生产的钻井方案；主井眼与排采直井的连通，必须对排采直井进行扩孔的预处理，一般采用在对应储集层段下入玻璃钢套管进行固封，其后通过割刀钻头和扩眼钻头进行扩孔处理形成洞穴。水平进尺结束后，彻底洗井、抽水、降压即可投产。At present, two types of wells, vertical well and horizontal well, are generally used in the exploitation of coalbed methane. The horizontal well has received more and more attention and application because of its large sweep area and large output. The method of producing CBM by horizontal well generally adopts the drilling plan that the main wellbore is connected with a completed drainage and production vertical well through the deflection section, and then the horizontal section is drilled, and finally put into production through the drainage and production vertical well; For the connection of vertical wells, it is necessary to carry out reaming pretreatment on the drainage and production vertical wells. Generally, fiberglass casings are inserted into the corresponding reservoir sections for solid sealing, and then the holes are reamed by cutter bits and reaming bits to form caves. . After the horizontal footage is completed, the well can be thoroughly washed, pumped, and depressurized to be put into production.
现有技术中，当遇到多层煤层气藏时，则需在每层钻设单独的水平井和排采直井，一次需要在同一区域多次重复同一工序，且水平井与排采直井的连通又使得水平段进尺方位受到极大的局限，从而造成钻井效率低、井场数量众多等问题，使得钻井成本居高不下。In the prior art, when encountering a multi-layer CBM reservoir, it is necessary to drill a separate horizontal well and vertical well for drainage and production in each layer, and the same process needs to be repeated in the same area multiple times at one time, and the difference between the horizontal well and the vertical well for drainage and production is The connection also greatly limits the footage azimuth of the horizontal section, resulting in problems such as low drilling efficiency and a large number of well sites, resulting in high drilling costs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了应对以上技术缺陷，本发明提出了一种煤层气丛式双层多分支水平井及对应排采直井系统的钻井方法，解决了现有技术中钻井效率低、成本高的问题。In order to deal with the above technical defects, the present invention proposes a drilling method for a coalbed gas cluster type double-layer multi-branch horizontal well and a corresponding drainage vertical well system, which solves the problems of low drilling efficiency and high cost in the prior art.
本发明的钻井方法包括四个方位四口排采直井的钻设、储层处八个洞穴的完成与1口丛式多分支水平井的钻设及与对应排采直井的远距离连通；具体包括以下步骤：The drilling method of the present invention includes the drilling of four drainage vertical wells in four directions, the completion of eight caves in the reservoir, the drilling of a cluster multi-branch horizontal well, and the long-distance communication with the corresponding drainage vertical wells; specifically Include the following steps:
从正北方位开始，按顺时针的顺序，完成每个方位支翼的钻进；正北方位，在对应位置钻设排采直井，排采直井采用三种方式完井，两种方式造穴；主井眼采用井眼重复利用技术钻进；正北方位支翼钻井结束后，在排采直井和主井眼造斜段打水泥塞固封；同样步骤完成其他方位支翼的钻进；煤层气开采结束后，进行煤的开发。Starting from the due north position, complete the drilling of each azimuth support in a clockwise order; due north position, drill a drainage and production vertical well at the corresponding position. The drainage and production vertical well is completed in three ways, and the hole is created in two ways ;The main wellbore is drilled using the wellbore reuse technology; after the drilling of the north azimuth leg is completed, cement plugs are installed in the drainage vertical well and the main wellbore deflection section; the same steps are used to complete the drilling of other azimuth legs; After coalbed methane mining is completed, coal development will be carried out.
所述的排采直井采用的三种方式完井为，在下方储层以下留60米裸眼井段，下入套管时，上部煤层下入玻璃钢套管，井口到下部煤层往上5米的其他位置下入钢套管，剩余井段为裸眼。The three ways of completion of the vertical drainage well are as follows: leave a 60-meter open-hole section below the lower reservoir, and when the casing is run, the upper coal seam is lowered into the glass fiber reinforced plastic casing, and the wellhead is 5 meters above the lower coal seam. Steel casings are run in other positions, and the remaining well sections are open holes.
所述的两种方式造穴为，放喷造穴与割玻璃钢套管造穴技术的联用，下方储层裸眼完井采用放喷造穴，上方储层下玻璃钢套管完井采用割玻璃钢套管造穴。The two methods of cavitation are the combined use of venting and cutting FRP casing cavitation technology, the opening of the lower reservoir is completed by venting, and the upper reservoir is completed with FRP casing by cutting FRP. Casing holes.
所述的放喷造穴为，下钻至井底，逐步减少泵入水气混合物中的水量同时增大气量，把钻头起到套管里，然后注气增压，关井，保持钻具在套管里，打开液控放喷阀，压力的瞬间释放使煤层与井眼间产生巨大压差使得煤层向井中塌陷，重复以上步骤，直到压力释放后只带出少量煤屑为止。The venting and cavitation creation is as follows: drill down to the bottom of the well, gradually reduce the water volume pumped into the water-air mixture while increasing the gas volume, put the drill bit into the casing, then inject gas to pressurize, shut down the well, and keep the drilling tool in the casing. In the casing, open the hydraulic blowout valve, and the instantaneous release of pressure will cause a huge pressure difference between the coal seam and the wellbore, causing the coal seam to collapse into the well. Repeat the above steps until only a small amount of coal dust is brought out after the pressure is released.
所述的割玻璃钢套管造穴为，下入内割刀钻头对上部储集层扩孔，该内割刀钻头配置有大小径，采用液压控制方式使内割刀钻头刀杆在煤层中张开，并在钻具的带动下旋转，其中小径割断玻璃钢套管，大径切削煤层形成满足实际需要的洞穴。The method of cutting the FRP casing is to lower the inner cutter bit to ream the upper reservoir. The inner cutter bit is equipped with large and small diameters, and the inner cutter bit is opened in the coal seam by means of hydraulic control. , and rotated under the drive of the drilling tool, the small diameter cuts the FRP casing, and the large diameter cuts the coal seam to form a cave that meets actual needs.
所述井眼重复利用技术为，从下往上的侧钻顺序，在上部储层下方3m处安装固井分级箍，打完水泥浆后立即打开分级箍循环排出上部水泥浆，钻设造斜段完成与排采直井下部洞穴的连通，连通后完成水平分支的钻设，下部支翼完成后，在固井分级箍以下套管内下入封隔器，下入割刀割断分级箍以上套管并起出，在上部储层下方5m处打水泥塞，进行上部储层对应造斜段与排采直井的连通及水平分支的钻设。The wellbore reuse technology is as follows: sidetracking sequence from bottom to top, installing cementing grading hoops 3m below the upper reservoir, immediately opening the grading hoops to circulate the upper cement slurry after drilling the cement slurry, drilling and building deflection After completion of the connection with the lower cavern of the drainage vertical well, the drilling of the horizontal branch is completed. After the lower support wing is completed, a packer is lowered into the casing below the cementing grading hoop, and a cutter is lowered to cut off the casing above the grading hoop. And lift it out, and drill a cement plug at 5m below the upper reservoir to connect the corresponding deflection section of the upper reservoir with the drainage well and drill the horizontal branch.
所述的打水泥塞固封为，在排采直井距井底30米处打水泥塞固封井底煤渣、岩屑，洗井后，在支翼各造斜段打水泥塞固封。The cementing plugging method is as follows: cementing the cinder and debris at the bottom of the well at a distance of 30 meters from the bottom of the vertical well, and after the well is washed, cementing the plugging sections of the supporting wings.
本发明的优点效果如下：The advantages and effects of the present invention are as follows:
在开发多层煤气藏的同时，增加水平进尺，提高单井日产量，减少工期，减小施工难度，降低成本。While developing multi-layer gas reservoirs, increase the horizontal footage, increase the daily output of a single well, reduce the construction period, reduce the difficulty of construction, and reduce costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为丛式多分支水平井三维井眼轨迹图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional wellbore trajectory diagram of a cluster multi-lateral horizontal well.
图2为丛式多分支水平井侧视图。Fig. 2 is a side view of a cluster multi-lateral horizontal well.
图3为丛式多分支水平井俯视图。Fig. 3 is a top view of a cluster multi-lateral horizontal well.
图4为丛式多分支水平井某支翼主视图。Fig. 4 is a front view of a wing of a cluster multi-lateral horizontal well.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下参照附图，结合具体实施例，详细描述本发明。Below with reference to accompanying drawing, in conjunction with specific embodiment, describe the present invention in detail.
实施例Example
如图1-4所示，本发明的钻井方法包括四个方位四口排采直井的钻设、储层处八个洞穴的完成与1口丛式多分支水平井的钻设及与对应排采直井的远距离连通；具体步骤为，确定主井眼周围各方位储层的地层倾角，从而设计丛式多分支水平井其水平段的进尺方向、进尺长度、分支间夹角，对于复杂地层，如在大倾角地层，可选择在该分支方向上用U型水平井代替多分支水平井；在断块地层则可以选择不进尺或减少进尺，确定各排采直井的位置后，按方位角顺序进行丛式分支的施工。As shown in Figures 1-4, the drilling method of the present invention includes the drilling of four drainage vertical wells in four directions, the completion of eight caves at the reservoir, the drilling of a cluster multi-branch horizontal well and the corresponding row Long-distance connection of mining vertical wells; the specific steps are to determine the formation dip angles of the reservoirs in all azimuths around the main wellbore, so as to design the footage direction, footage length, and angle between branches of the horizontal section of the cluster multi-branch horizontal well. For complex formations , such as in a stratum with a large dip angle, you can choose to use a U-shaped horizontal well in the direction of the branch instead of a multi-branch horizontal well; in a fault block stratum, you can choose not to drill or reduce the footage. The construction of cluster branches is carried out sequentially.
钻设排采直井，在下方储集层下底板往下钻设60米“口袋”，下套管至下方储层以上5m固井，下套管时须注意上部储层段用玻璃钢套管覆盖，计算各段套管长度，以保证玻璃钢套管准确地将上部储层段完全覆盖，以备扩孔之需，其它层段采用钢套管以保证井身质量；对下方储层进行放喷造穴，即下钻至井底，逐步减少泵入水气混合物中的水量同时增大气量，把钻头起到套管里，然后注气增压，关井，保持钻具在套管里，快速打开液控放喷阀，压力的瞬间释放使煤层与井眼间产生巨大压差使得煤层向井中塌陷，重复以上步骤，直到压力释放后只带出少量煤屑为止，下方储层造穴完毕；下入内割刀钻头对上部储集层扩孔，该钻头配置有大小径，采用液压控制方式使钻头刀杆在煤层中张开，并在钻具的带动下旋转，其中小径割断玻璃钢套管，大径切削煤层形成满足实际需要的洞穴；所有储层造穴完毕后，下钻至放喷洞穴处增大泵入量洗井。Drilling and setting vertical production wells, drill a 60-meter "pocket" down the lower floor of the lower reservoir, and run the casing to 5m above the lower reservoir for cementing. When running the casing, it must be noted that the upper reservoir section is covered with a glass fiber reinforced plastic casing , calculate the casing length of each section to ensure that the FRP casing can completely cover the upper reservoir section accurately for reaming, and steel casings are used in other sections to ensure the quality of the wellbore; blowout is performed on the lower reservoir Cavitation, that is, drilling to the bottom of the well, gradually reducing the amount of water pumped into the water-air mixture while increasing the gas flow, putting the drill bit into the casing, then injecting gas to pressurize, shutting the well, keeping the drilling tool in the casing, and quickly Open the hydraulic control blowout valve, and the instantaneous release of pressure will cause a huge pressure difference between the coal seam and the wellbore, causing the coal seam to collapse into the well. Repeat the above steps until only a small amount of coal dust is brought out after the pressure is released, and the cavitation of the lower reservoir is completed; Lower the inner cutter drill bit to ream the upper reservoir. The drill bit is equipped with large and small diameters. The hydraulic control method is used to make the drill bit open in the coal seam and rotate under the drive of the drilling tool. The small diameter cuts the FRP casing. Large-diameter cutting coal seams form caves that meet actual needs; after all reservoirs are created, drill down to blowout caves to increase pumping volume to wash wells.
完钻主井眼垂直段，下套管固井，中心主井眼从下往上依次与对应储层排采直井通过双增式造斜完成连通，连通后进行水平段的钻设，从下往上的侧钻顺序，以使用井眼重复利用技术即：固井时在上部储层下方3m处安装固井分级箍，打完水泥浆后立即打开分级箍循环排出上部水泥浆，钻设造斜段完成与排采直井下部洞穴的连通，连通后完成水平分支的钻进，下部支翼完成后，在固井分级箍以下套管内下入封隔器，下入割刀割断分级箍以上套管并起出，在上部储层下方5m处打水泥塞，进行上部储层对应造斜段与排采直井的连通及其水平分支的钻设。The vertical section of the main wellbore is drilled, and the casing is cemented. The central main wellbore connects with the corresponding reservoir drainage vertical well from bottom to top through double-increased deflection building. After the connection, the horizontal section is drilled. For the upward sidetracking sequence, the wellbore reuse technology is used: when cementing, install the cementing grading hoop 3m below the upper reservoir, and immediately open the grading hoop to circulate the upper cement slurry after drilling the cement slurry. The inclined section is connected with the lower cavern of the drainage vertical well. After the connection, the drilling of the horizontal branch is completed. After the lower support wing is completed, a packer is lowered into the casing below the cementing grading hoop, and a cutter is lowered to cut off the casing above the grading hoop. The pipes are pulled out together, and a cement plug is drilled 5m below the upper reservoir to connect the corresponding deflection section of the upper reservoir with the vertical drainage well and drill the horizontal branches.
连通过程采用“钻头+旋转强磁短节+马达+无磁钻挺+MWD+钻杆”的钻具组合，以旋转磁测距系统接收钻进参数信号，根据传送的信息判定钻头钻进方向与直井连通点位置的偏差，通过连续滑动钻进的方式增斜、复合钻进的方式稳斜，从而控制井眼轨迹，直至水平井与排采直井的造穴段顺利连通。The connection process adopts the drilling tool combination of "drill bit + rotating strong magnetic sub-joint + motor + non-magnetic drill jack + MWD + drill pipe". The drilling parameter signal is received by the rotating magnetic ranging system, and the drilling direction of the drill bit is determined according to the transmitted information. The deviation of the connection point position of the vertical well is increased by continuous sliding drilling and stabilized by compound drilling, so as to control the wellbore trajectory until the horizontal well is successfully connected with the cavitation section of the vertical well.
完钻该方位所有井段后，在排采直井距井底30m处打水泥塞，固封其下丢弃的玻璃钢套管、煤渣、岩屑，避免开发时混入杂质；循环钻井液彻底洗井后，在此方位所有造斜段始端处打水泥塞固封，此方位所有支翼即可通过对应排采直井进行正常生产。After drilling all the well sections in this direction, cement plugs should be placed 30m away from the bottom of the vertical well, and the discarded FRP casings, coal cinders, and cuttings under them should be cemented to avoid contamination of impurities during development; after the well is thoroughly washed with circulating drilling fluid , cement plugs are installed at the beginnings of all build-up sections in this orientation, and all supports in this orientation can be used for normal production through corresponding drainage wells.
依照此法完成其他方位支翼的钻井工作。According to this method, the drilling work of other azimuth struts is completed.
煤层气的开发完成后，对所有煤层进行经济性评价，由于除垂直主井眼外，所有储层均为裸眼，对有开发潜力的煤储层，可进行后续开采。After the development of coalbed methane is completed, the economic evaluation of all coal seams is carried out. Since all reservoirs are open holes except the vertical main borehole, subsequent mining can be carried out for coal reservoirs with development potential.
以上关于本发明的具体描述，仅用于说明本发明而并非受限于本发明实施例所描述的技术方案。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换，以达到相同的技术效果。只要满足使用需要，都在本发明的保护范围内。The above specific descriptions of the present invention are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced to achieve the same technical effect. As long as the requirements for use are met, they all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410614967.9ACN104481495A (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | Coalbed methane (CBM) cluster double multi-branch horizontal well and drilling method relative to discharging and mining vertical well system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410614967.9ACN104481495A (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | Coalbed methane (CBM) cluster double multi-branch horizontal well and drilling method relative to discharging and mining vertical well system |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104481495Atrue CN104481495A (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410614967.9APendingCN104481495A (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | Coalbed methane (CBM) cluster double multi-branch horizontal well and drilling method relative to discharging and mining vertical well system |
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| CN (1) | CN104481495A (en) |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20150401 | |
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