技术领域technical field
本发明涉及公共安全技术领域，特别是涉及一种道路窨井盖实时监测系统。The invention relates to the technical field of public safety, in particular to a real-time monitoring system for road manhole covers.
背景技术Background technique
窨井盖因被盗等原因丢失、损坏，将成为公共安全的巨大隐患，对行人、车辆的安全构成严重威胁。各地因窨井吞人导致人员伤亡的事件频频见诸报端。因此，为保障人员以及公共设施安全，迫切需要加强针对城市道路检查井窨井盖的管理。Manhole covers are lost or damaged due to theft and other reasons, which will become a huge hidden danger to public safety and pose a serious threat to the safety of pedestrians and vehicles. Incidents of casualties caused by swallowing people in inspection wells are frequently seen in the newspapers in various places. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of personnel and public facilities, it is urgent to strengthen the management of inspection well covers for urban road inspection wells.
然而，由于城市窨井盖数量庞大，管理主体众多，产权关系复杂，使得道路窨井盖安全管理与维护成为城市管理的一大难题。目前，主要依靠人工巡查方式对窨井盖进行排查、事后维护，效率低，增加了管理难度，难以及时处置好突发事件。However, due to the large number of urban manhole covers, numerous management subjects, and complex property rights, the safety management and maintenance of road manhole covers has become a major problem in urban management. At present, manual inspections are mainly used to check and maintain manhole covers, which is inefficient, increases management difficulties, and makes it difficult to deal with emergencies in a timely manner.
若要解决窨井盖实时监测面临的问题，必须采用成熟的物联网技术，实现对窨井盖的在线实时监测，对异常事件进行及时报警，警情实时上报至管理平台，便于管理部门实时监控窨井盖状况，并对异常事件进行迅速处置，通过建设基于物联网技术的道路窨井盖实时监测系统，可大大提升窨井盖安全管理水平，提高管理效率，有助于实现智能化的城市管理，对于构建和谐、平安的智慧城市起有效的支撑作用。To solve the problems faced by real-time monitoring of inspection manhole covers, mature Internet of Things technology must be adopted to realize online real-time monitoring of manhole covers, timely alarm for abnormal events, and report alarms to the management platform in real time, which is convenient for management departments to monitor manhole covers in real time situation, and quickly deal with abnormal events. By building a real-time monitoring system for road inspection manhole covers based on Internet of Things technology, the safety management level of inspection manhole covers can be greatly improved, management efficiency can be improved, and it is helpful to realize intelligent urban management. , Safe smart city plays an effective supporting role.
当前，公开报道的窨井盖监测系统主要有：一：井盖监测终端采用GPRS/3G等公共网络，但是每个井盖都要配置SIM卡，投入大，运营流量费用高；二：井盖监测终端采用Zigbee等短距离互联套片实现，通视距离一般只有百米左右，而且金属井盖对井盖下的通信模块有较大屏蔽作用，导致传输距离更近，需要大量的上级区域控制终端，市政基建投入巨大。同时，井盖监测终端大多只通过物理传感器监测井盖状态，功耗高，运维工作量大，成本高。At present, the publicly reported inspection manhole cover monitoring systems mainly include: 1. The manhole cover monitoring terminal uses public networks such as GPRS/3G, but each manhole cover must be equipped with a SIM card, which requires a large investment and high operating traffic costs; 2. The manhole cover monitoring terminal uses Zigbee The short-distance interconnection sets are realized, and the line-of-sight distance is generally only about 100 meters, and the metal manhole cover has a greater shielding effect on the communication module under the manhole cover, resulting in a shorter transmission distance, requiring a large number of upper-level regional control terminals, and huge investment in municipal infrastructure . At the same time, most of the manhole cover monitoring terminals only monitor the state of the manhole cover through physical sensors, which has high power consumption, heavy operation and maintenance workload, and high cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种道路窨井盖实时监测系统，可靠性高、基建投入少、运维便捷。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a real-time monitoring system for road manhole covers, which has high reliability, less infrastructure investment, and convenient operation and maintenance.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：提供一种道路窨井盖实时监测系统，包括井盖监测终端、区域控制终端、辅助管理终端和监控管理中心，所述井盖监测终端利用多传感器实时协同监测井盖状态；所述区域控制终端与井盖监测终端传输组网，并与监控管理中心实现通联，用于实现区域内井盖监测终端的信息汇聚、融合处理、警情分发和网络维护；所述监控管理中心是分布式分区管理、创储和维护中心，用于实现就近联动维护从而提高响应处理时效性；所述辅助管理终端通过无线网络与所述区域控制终端相连，用于实现在对道路进行正常施工或检修时的智能布防与撤防操作从而防止伪警。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to provide a real-time monitoring system for road manhole covers, including a manhole cover monitoring terminal, an area control terminal, an auxiliary management terminal, and a monitoring management center. The manhole cover monitoring terminal utilizes multi-sensor real-time collaboration Monitoring the state of the manhole cover; the regional control terminal and the manhole cover monitoring terminal are transmitted and networked, and communicated with the monitoring management center to realize information aggregation, fusion processing, alarm distribution and network maintenance of the manhole cover monitoring terminal in the area; the monitoring The management center is a distributed partition management, storage and maintenance center, which is used to realize the nearby linkage maintenance to improve the timeliness of response processing; the auxiliary management terminal is connected with the regional control terminal through the wireless network, and is used to realize Intelligent arming and disarming operations during normal construction or maintenance to prevent false alarms.
所述井盖监测终端通过机械传感器进行零功耗值守，一旦发现异常，启动物理传感器进行协同处理，从而在确保情报准确性的同时降低终端值守功耗、延长工作时间以及降低维护成本。The manhole cover monitoring terminal performs zero-power on-duty through mechanical sensors. Once an abnormality is found, the physical sensor is activated for collaborative processing, thereby reducing terminal on-duty power consumption, prolonging working hours, and reducing maintenance costs while ensuring the accuracy of information.
所述区域控制终端采用混合组网的模式实现区域内井盖监测终端的信息汇聚、融合处理、警情分发和网络维护。The regional control terminal adopts a hybrid network mode to realize information aggregation, fusion processing, alarm information distribution and network maintenance of the manhole cover monitoring terminal in the region.
所述井盖监测终端采用宽带扩频通信体制进行信息上报，工作于公用频段实现信号隐蔽传输从而提高信号的抗干扰能力，并保证传输距离。The manhole cover monitoring terminal adopts a broadband spread spectrum communication system to report information, and works in a public frequency band to realize signal concealed transmission so as to improve the anti-interference ability of the signal and ensure the transmission distance.
所述区域控制终端与井盖监测终端采用宽带扩频通信体制进行通信，利用公共蜂窝网络或有线调制模块实现与监控管理中心的通联，使得区域网络容量大覆盖上百个井盖监控终端。The regional control terminal and the manhole cover monitoring terminal communicate using a broadband spread spectrum communication system, and use a public cellular network or a wired modulation module to communicate with the monitoring and management center, so that the regional network has a large capacity and covers hundreds of manhole cover monitoring terminals.
所述道路窨井盖实时监测系统的网络采用SD-TD-CSMA混合MAC协议使得网络容量得到增加以及提高运行的可靠性，并采用闭环确认重传机制确保警情可靠上报。The network of the road manhole cover real-time monitoring system adopts the SD-TD-CSMA hybrid MAC protocol to increase the network capacity and improve the reliability of operation, and adopts a closed-loop confirmation retransmission mechanism to ensure reliable reporting of alarm conditions.
所述井盖监测终端的发射方式为按时隙发射方式、采用动态预约分配模式的发射方式或采用突出避让机制的发射方式，从而减少能耗和互扰。The transmission mode of the manhole cover monitoring terminal is a time slot transmission mode, a transmission mode using a dynamic reservation allocation mode, or a transmission mode using a prominent avoidance mechanism, thereby reducing energy consumption and mutual interference.
有益效果Beneficial effect
由于采用了上述的技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下的优点和积极效果：本发明利用多传感器实时协同监测井盖状态，提高实时监测的可靠性、准确性，减少虚警、漏警发生；建立智能布放撤防机制，减少伪警发生；采用混合组网模式，宽带扩频通信方式实现区域信息上报，信号隐蔽传输、抗干扰能力强、传输距离远，解决大范围布设问题，利用公共蜂窝网络或有线调制模块实现与后端的通联，提高网络容量，降低建设运营维护成本；系统采用SD-TD-CSMA混合MAC协议设计，区域设备严格按照时隙调度工作，减少能耗、互扰，并采用闭环确认重传机制，确保警情可靠上报；同时通过网络层、链路层和物理层的跨层智能优化策略，有效提高网络系统的鲁棒性、抗毁性、抗干扰及生存周期。Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: the present invention utilizes multi-sensors to monitor the manhole cover state in real time, improves the reliability and accuracy of real-time monitoring, and reduces false alarms, Occurrence of missed alarms; establish an intelligent deployment and disarming mechanism to reduce false alarms; adopt hybrid networking mode, broadband spread spectrum communication method to realize regional information reporting, signal concealed transmission, strong anti-interference ability, long transmission distance, and solve large-scale deployment problems , use the public cellular network or wired modulation module to achieve communication with the backend, improve network capacity, and reduce construction, operation and maintenance costs; the system adopts SD-TD-CSMA hybrid MAC protocol design, and regional equipment works strictly according to time slot scheduling, reducing energy consumption, Mutual interference, and a closed-loop confirmation and retransmission mechanism to ensure reliable reporting of alarms; at the same time, through the cross-layer intelligent optimization strategy of the network layer, link layer and physical layer, the robustness, invulnerability, and anti-interference of the network system are effectively improved and life cycle.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的道路窨井盖实时监测系统示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of real-time monitoring system of road manhole cover of the present invention;
图2是本发明的道路窨井盖实时监测系统的组网工作流程示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the networking workflow of the real-time monitoring system for road manhole covers of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.
如图1所示，本发明提供一种道路窨井盖实时监测系统。该道路窨井盖实时监测系统至少包括：井盖监测终端、区域控制终端、监控管理中心及辅助管理终端等。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring system for road manhole covers. The road manhole cover real-time monitoring system at least includes: a manhole cover monitoring terminal, an area control terminal, a monitoring management center, an auxiliary management terminal and the like.
井盖监测终端的主要功能是利用多种传感器监测井盖状态，利用处理控制模块实现终端状态管理(休眠、唤醒、值守等)，利用传输模块实现信息的上下行传输，提高实时监测的可靠性、准确性，减少虚警、漏警发生。井盖监测终端还通过机械传感器进行零功耗值守，一旦发现异常，启动物理传感器进行协同处理，在确保情报精确性的同时，尽可能降低终端值守功耗，延长工作时间，降低维护成本。井盖监测终端采用宽带扩频通信方式进行信息上报，工作于公用频段，信号隐蔽传输、抗干扰能力强、传输距离远。The main function of the manhole cover monitoring terminal is to use a variety of sensors to monitor the state of the manhole cover, use the processing control module to realize terminal state management (sleep, wake up, on-duty, etc.), use the transmission module to realize the uplink and downlink transmission of information, and improve the reliability and accuracy of real-time monitoring. To reduce the occurrence of false alarms and missed alarms. The manhole cover monitoring terminal also performs zero-power on-duty through mechanical sensors. Once an abnormality is found, the physical sensor is activated for collaborative processing. While ensuring the accuracy of the information, the power consumption of the terminal on duty is reduced as much as possible, extending working hours and reducing maintenance costs. The manhole cover monitoring terminal uses broadband spread spectrum communication to report information, works in the public frequency band, and has concealed signal transmission, strong anti-interference ability, and long transmission distance.
区域控制终端的主要功能是利用专用传输模块与井盖监测终端传输组网，利用公共无线模块或有线调制模块实现与后端监控管理中心的通联，利用处理控制模块实现区域内终端信息汇聚、融合处理、警情分发以及网络维护。区域控制终端采用多种传输手段的混合组网模式，实现区域内井盖监测终端的信息汇聚、融合处理、警情分发以及网络维护等功能。区域控制终端与井盖监测终端采用宽带扩频通信体制进行通信，利用公共蜂窝网络或有线调制模块实现与后端的通联，提高网络容量，可覆盖区域内上百井盖终端，降低运营维护成本。The main function of the regional control terminal is to use the dedicated transmission module and the manhole cover monitoring terminal to transmit and network, use the public wireless module or wired modulation module to realize communication with the back-end monitoring and management center, and use the processing control module to realize the aggregation and fusion of terminal information in the region , Police information distribution and network maintenance. The regional control terminal adopts a mixed network mode of multiple transmission methods to realize the functions of information aggregation, fusion processing, police information distribution and network maintenance of the manhole cover monitoring terminal in the region. The regional control terminal and the manhole cover monitoring terminal communicate with the broadband spread spectrum communication system, and use the public cellular network or cable modulation module to realize communication with the back end, improve the network capacity, cover hundreds of manhole cover terminals in the area, and reduce operation and maintenance costs.
辅助管理终端的主要功能是实现在对道路检查井进行正常施工或检修时用于完成对井盖监测终端的布防与撤防操作，从而建立布放撤防机制，实现智能撤防功能，减少伪警发生。The main function of the auxiliary management terminal is to complete the arming and disarming operations of the manhole cover monitoring terminal during normal construction or maintenance of the road inspection well, so as to establish the deployment and disarming mechanism, realize the intelligent disarming function, and reduce the occurrence of false alarms.
监控管理中心是分布式分区管理、创储和维护中心，实现就近联动维护，提高响应处理时效性，具有信息汇聚、信息显示、地图标注、信息分发、信息查询、布防/撤防等功能。The monitoring and management center is a distributed partition management, storage and maintenance center, which realizes nearby linkage maintenance and improves the timeliness of response processing. It has functions such as information aggregation, information display, map labeling, information distribution, information query, arming/disarming, etc.
该系统采用分层设计、区域管理、集中处理机制，充分利用现有基础设施，减少成本投入，降低市政施工维护难度。井盖监测终端是利用多种传感器实时监测井盖状态；区域控制终端实现区域内井盖监测终端的信息汇聚、融合处理、警情分发以及网络维护等；监控管理中心分布式分区管理、创储和维护中心，实现就近联动维护，提高响应处理时效性；辅助管理终端实现在对道路检查井进行正常施工或检修时的智能布防与撤防操作。该系统的系统网络采用SD-TD-CSMA混合MAC协议，增加系统容量、可靠性，采用闭环确认重传机制，确保警情可靠上报。系统区域内终端设备(井盖监测终端)严格按照时隙调度工作，发射方式包括按时隙发射及采用动态预约分配模式或采用突出避让机制来发射，减少能耗、互扰。The system adopts layered design, regional management, and centralized processing mechanism to make full use of existing infrastructure, reduce cost input, and reduce the difficulty of municipal construction and maintenance. The manhole cover monitoring terminal uses a variety of sensors to monitor the state of the manhole cover in real time; the regional control terminal realizes the information aggregation, fusion processing, police information distribution and network maintenance of the manhole cover monitoring terminal in the area; the monitoring management center distributes partition management, creation and maintenance center , realize nearby linkage maintenance, and improve the timeliness of response processing; the auxiliary management terminal realizes intelligent arming and disarming operations during normal construction or maintenance of road inspection wells. The system network of the system adopts SD-TD-CSMA hybrid MAC protocol to increase system capacity and reliability, and adopts a closed-loop confirmation retransmission mechanism to ensure reliable reporting of alarm information. The terminal equipment (manhole cover monitoring terminal) in the system area is scheduled to work strictly according to the time slot. The transmission method includes transmission according to the time slot and the dynamic reservation allocation mode or the prominent avoidance mechanism to reduce energy consumption and mutual interference.
系统组网工作流程如图2所示。在没有发生窨井盖非法开启事件时，井盖监测终端仅机械传感器处在值守模式，微控制器(MCU)处于休眠模式、无线传输模块、物理传感器及其他处理控制模块均处于关闭状态，终端功耗极低。当井盖被非法开启时，井盖监测终端中的机械传感器监测到该开启事件，进而通过触发中断唤醒MCU及物理传感器，由MCU读取传感器数据，并对多种传感器的监测数据进行初步的融合处理后，将报警数据和预先存储的井盖编码数据通过专用传输模块无线发送至区域控制终端。区域控制终端对接收到的数据进行信息汇聚与融合处理后，将报警信息通过公共通信网络或有线网络上传至监控管理中心，监控管理中心对报警信息进行处理，并即时将报警信息发送给井盖权属单位责任人，进而可以由管理人员直接联系现场养护人员，尽快对警情进行处置，避免安全事故的发生。警情得到处置后，系统生成警情处理报告并保存至数据库，以便事后查询。The system networking workflow is shown in Figure 2. When there is no illegal opening of the manhole cover, only the mechanical sensor of the manhole cover monitoring terminal is in the on-duty mode, the microcontroller (MCU) is in the sleep mode, the wireless transmission module, the physical sensor and other processing control modules are all in the off state, and the terminal power consumption extremely low. When the manhole cover is opened illegally, the mechanical sensor in the manhole cover monitoring terminal monitors the opening event, and then wakes up the MCU and the physical sensor by triggering an interrupt, and the MCU reads the sensor data and performs preliminary fusion processing on the monitoring data of various sensors Finally, the alarm data and the pre-stored manhole cover code data are sent wirelessly to the regional control terminal through a dedicated transmission module. After the regional control terminal aggregates and fuses the received data, it uploads the alarm information to the monitoring management center through the public communication network or wired network. The monitoring management center processes the alarm information and sends the alarm information to the manhole cover authority immediately. As the person in charge of the unit, the management personnel can directly contact the on-site maintenance personnel to deal with the police situation as soon as possible to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents. After the police situation is dealt with, the system generates a police situation processing report and saves it in the database for later query.
系统组网设计要点说明如下：The key points of system networking design are as follows:
区域控制终端的超帧周期为L秒，工作时隙为N秒，空分复用因子为M，则L＝N*M； The superframe period of the regional control terminal is L seconds, the working time slot is N seconds, and the space division multiplexing factor is M, then L=N*M;
区域控制终端预设信标帧、下行确认帧的发射时隙，对应区域内的井盖监控终端为侦听或休眠时隙； The area control terminal presets the transmission time slot of the beacon frame and the downlink confirmation frame, and the manhole cover monitoring terminal in the corresponding area is the listening or sleeping time slot;
区域控制终端除预设的发射时隙，其余均为侦听时隙，确保井盖上报的信息及时可靠收到； In addition to the preset transmission time slots, the regional control terminals are listening time slots to ensure that the information reported by the manhole cover is received in a timely and reliable manner;
区域监控终端接收到报警后，判断是否有布防，若无，则将信息加上时间戳后上报上级中心； After the regional monitoring terminal receives the alarm, it judges whether there is a defense, if not, it will add a time stamp to the information and report it to the superior center;
井盖监控终端入网后，其对应的信标帧的时隙转为休眠态，或若干超帧周期启动一次侦听，以便节省能耗； After the manhole cover monitoring terminal is connected to the network, the corresponding time slot of the beacon frame turns into a dormant state, or starts listening once in several superframe periods, so as to save energy consumption;
井盖监控终端有数据上报时，其对应上级设备的下行确认帧的时隙为侦听态，否则为休眠态； When the manhole cover monitoring terminal has data to report, the time slot corresponding to the downlink confirmation frame of the upper-level equipment is in the listening state, otherwise it is in the dormant state;
因井盖监控终端上报频率较低，将超帧周期内剩余时隙均分为若干发射时隙，供所有井盖监控终端共享； Due to the low reporting frequency of the manhole cover monitoring terminal, the remaining time slots in the superframe period are divided into several transmission time slots for sharing by all manhole cover monitoring terminals;
井盖监控终端按照一定机制分配一个发生时隙，并通过上级设备的确认帧和重传机制，确保可靠上报。 The manhole cover monitoring terminal allocates an occurrence time slot according to a certain mechanism, and ensures reliable reporting through the confirmation frame and retransmission mechanism of the upper-level equipment.
为简化图示，图2中未示出全部井盖监测终端、区域控制终端、监控管理中心及辅助管理终端，在此予以说明。To simplify the illustration, all manhole cover monitoring terminals, regional control terminals, monitoring management centers and auxiliary management terminals are not shown in Fig. 2, and will be described here.
综上所述，本发明的道路窨井盖实时监测系统利用多传感器实时协同监测井盖状态，提高实时监测的可靠性、准确性，减少虚警、漏警发生；建立智能布放撤防机制，减少伪警发生；采用混合组网模式，宽带扩频通信方式实现区域信息上报，信号隐蔽传输、抗干扰能力强、传输距离远，解决大范围布设问题，利用公共蜂窝网络或有线调制模块实现与后端的通联，提高网络容量，降低建设运营维护成本；系统采用SD-TD-CSMA混合MAC协议设计，区域设备严格按照时隙调度工作，减少能耗、互扰，并采用闭环确认重传机制，确保警情可靠上报；同时通过网络层、链路层和物理层的跨层智能优化策略，有效提高网络系统的鲁棒性、抗毁性、抗干扰及生存周期。所以，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具有高度实用价值，并经大量长期的理论研究和仿真验证了上述协议的有效性。In summary, the real-time monitoring system for road manhole covers of the present invention utilizes multi-sensors to monitor the state of manhole covers in real time, improves the reliability and accuracy of real-time monitoring, and reduces the occurrence of false alarms and missed alarms; establishes an intelligent deployment and disarming mechanism to reduce false alarms. Alarms occur; use hybrid networking mode, broadband spread spectrum communication method to realize regional information reporting, signal concealed transmission, strong anti-interference ability, long transmission distance, solve the problem of large-scale deployment, use public cellular network or wired modulation module to achieve communication with the back end communication, improve network capacity, and reduce construction, operation and maintenance costs; the system adopts SD-TD-CSMA hybrid MAC protocol design, and regional devices work in strict accordance with time slot scheduling to reduce energy consumption and mutual interference, and adopt a closed-loop confirmation and retransmission mechanism to ensure alarm Reliable reporting of information; at the same time, through the cross-layer intelligent optimization strategy of the network layer, link layer and physical layer, the robustness, invulnerability, anti-interference and life cycle of the network system are effectively improved. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high practical value, and the effectiveness of the above-mentioned protocol has been verified through a large number of long-term theoretical researches and simulations.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410647397.3ACN104464221A (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2014-11-14 | Real-time monitoring system for road inspection well covers |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410647397.3ACN104464221A (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2014-11-14 | Real-time monitoring system for road inspection well covers |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104464221Atrue CN104464221A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410647397.3APendingCN104464221A (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2014-11-14 | Real-time monitoring system for road inspection well covers |
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| CN (1) | CN104464221A (en) |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20150325 |