技术领域technical field
本发明涉及液态金属压降测量技术领域，具体是一种强磁场下的液态金属管道流磁流体压降测量方法。The invention relates to the technical field of liquid metal pressure drop measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the pressure drop of magnetic fluid in a liquid metal pipeline under a strong magnetic field.
背景技术Background technique
压降测量是热工水力测量中的重要内容。在磁约束聚变堆中，液态金属包层处于强磁场环境中，其流动呈现特殊的磁流体(MHD)效应，其中MHD压降是其中最重要的MHD效应。在强磁场作用下，流动的液态金属切割磁场，产生感应电流，该电流在磁场作用下形成Lorentz力，阻碍流体流动，形成MHD压降。该压降根据磁场强度的强弱，会比普通管道流动压降大10～100倍，对其的准确测量是液态金属包层热工水力研究的核心内容之一。Pressure drop measurement is an important part of thermal hydraulic measurement. In a magnetic confinement fusion reactor, the liquid metal cladding is in a strong magnetic field environment, and its flow presents a special magnetic fluid (MHD) effect, among which the MHD pressure drop is the most important MHD effect. Under the action of a strong magnetic field, the flowing liquid metal cuts the magnetic field and generates an induced current, which forms a Lorentz force under the action of the magnetic field, hindering the fluid flow and forming an MHD pressure drop. According to the strength of the magnetic field, the pressure drop will be 10 to 100 times larger than the flow pressure drop of ordinary pipelines. Its accurate measurement is one of the core contents of the thermal hydraulic research of liquid metal cladding.
液态金属包层的压降测量技术要求满足下面三个特征：The pressure drop measurement technology of liquid metal cladding requires to meet the following three characteristics:
(1)耐高温：测量液态介质的温度>300℃；(1) High temperature resistance: measure the temperature of liquid medium >300°C;
(2)耐腐蚀：测量的介质为液态金属合金，有一定腐蚀性；(2) Corrosion resistance: the measured medium is a liquid metal alloy, which has certain corrosiveness;
(3)抗磁场：要求压力(差压)计的工作环境为强磁场>2T；(3) Anti-magnetic field: The working environment of the pressure (differential pressure) gauge is required to be a strong magnetic field>2T;
常规的高温液态金属压降测量技术采用压力传感器，测量管道上具体两点之间的压差△P。高温液态金属接触耐高温耐腐蚀膜片(一般为钢材质)，压力使其变形，膜片变形通过不可压缩介质(如硅油)将压力传递给压力传感器。力学传感器的种类繁多，如电阻应变片压力传感器、半导体应变片压力传感器、压阻式压力传感器、电感式压力传感器、电容式压力传感器等。The conventional high-temperature liquid metal pressure drop measurement technology uses a pressure sensor to measure the pressure difference ΔP between two specific points on the pipeline. The high-temperature liquid metal contacts the high-temperature and corrosion-resistant diaphragm (generally made of steel), and the pressure deforms it. The deformation of the diaphragm transmits the pressure to the pressure sensor through an incompressible medium (such as silicone oil). There are many types of mechanical sensors, such as resistance strain gauge pressure sensors, semiconductor strain gauge pressure sensors, piezoresistive pressure sensors, inductive pressure sensors, capacitive pressure sensors, etc.
常用的这种压力传感器测量方式工作温度<300℃，所以测量高温液态金属时，需要用引压管导出来降温后进行测量。使用引压管，侵入流体，对流体有扰动，且引压管内的静止流体与主管道中的流动流体之间有电流，在磁场作用下形成局部压降差，给压降测量带来误差。长期使用时，膜片接触高温液态金属，其受腐蚀后的变形性能和精度都有下降。且停止运行期间，可能有部分液态金属凝固在膜片上，时间较长影响其形变精度。The working temperature of this commonly used pressure sensor measurement method is <300°C, so when measuring high-temperature liquid metal, it is necessary to use a pressure induction tube to lead out to cool down and then measure. Using the pressure induction tube, the intrusion into the fluid will disturb the fluid, and there is a current between the static fluid in the pressure induction tube and the flowing fluid in the main pipeline, which will form a local pressure drop difference under the action of the magnetic field, which will bring errors to the pressure drop measurement. When used for a long time, the diaphragm is exposed to high-temperature liquid metal, and its deformation performance and accuracy will decrease after being corroded. And during the shutdown period, part of the liquid metal may solidify on the diaphragm, and a long time will affect its deformation accuracy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了弥补现有压力传感器计在高温液态金属强磁场环境下的不足之处，本发明提供一种新型液态金属压降测量技术，具体为一种强磁场下液态金属管道流磁流体压降测量方法，该方法不侵入流体进行测量，不干扰流体流动，可承受超高温流体，测量方便简单。In order to make up for the deficiencies of the existing pressure sensor gauges in the high-temperature liquid metal and strong magnetic field environment, the present invention provides a new liquid metal pressure drop measurement technology, specifically a method for measuring the pressure drop of liquid metal pipeline magnetic fluid pressure drop under a strong magnetic field , the method does not invade the fluid for measurement, does not interfere with fluid flow, can withstand ultra-high temperature fluid, and is convenient and simple to measure.
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：一种强磁场下液态金属管道流磁流体压降测量方法，包括磁场发生器、一对电势探针、信号引线、伏特计，液态金属在钢管内流动，磁场方向垂直于流动方向，则在钢管的两侧将产生感应电动势，在钢管两侧安装电势探针测量电势差，电势差信号依次通过电势探针、信号引线，传输到伏特计，伏特计读取的电势差数据，经过理论计算转换为此段管道的压力梯度数据或其他相关流场数据。The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a method for measuring the pressure drop of magnetic fluid flowing in a liquid metal pipeline under a strong magnetic field, including a magnetic field generator, a pair of potential probes, signal leads, and a voltmeter. The liquid metal flows in the steel pipe, and the direction of the magnetic field is vertical In the flow direction, the induced electromotive force will be generated on both sides of the steel pipe. Potential probes are installed on both sides of the steel pipe to measure the potential difference. The potential difference signal is transmitted to the voltmeter through the potential probe and the signal lead in turn. Calculate and convert the pressure gradient data or other related flow field data of this section of pipeline.
进一步的，所述的电势探针对称焊接在金属管道平行于磁场的两侧外壁上，且探针的材质与管道材质相同，以避免不同材质之间的热电势干扰电势差信号。Further, the potential probes are symmetrically welded on the outer walls of the metal pipe on both sides parallel to the magnetic field, and the material of the probes is the same as that of the pipes, so as to avoid the thermoelectric potential between different materials from interfering with the potential difference signal.
进一步的，所述的电势探针的外端连接信号引线，信号引线材质也保持和所述的电极探针材质相同，以避免不同材料之间的热电势干扰。Further, the outer end of the potential probe is connected to a signal lead wire, and the material of the signal lead wire is also kept the same as that of the electrode probe, so as to avoid thermoelectric potential interference between different materials.
进一步的，两根信号引线末端连接伏特计，伏特计为高精度伏特计，该高精度伏特计测量精度毫伏级。Further, the ends of the two signal leads are connected to a voltmeter, and the voltmeter is a high-precision voltmeter, and the high-precision voltmeter has a measurement accuracy of millivolt level.
进一步的，所述的电势差数据经过理论计算转换为该段管道的压力梯度信号，电势差数据获得后，根据具体管道的电势差与压力梯度关系式可获得压力梯度信息，当管道为圆管时的计算公式如下：Further, the potential difference data is converted into the pressure gradient signal of the pipeline through theoretical calculation. After the potential difference data is obtained, the pressure gradient information can be obtained according to the relationship between the potential difference and the pressure gradient of the specific pipeline. When the pipeline is a round pipe, the calculation The formula is as follows:
式中：——感应电动势，V；In the formula: —— induced electromotive force, V;
K1——端部分流效应，其大小通常取0.33～0.357；K1 —— terminal shunt effect, its size is usually taken as 0.33～0.357;
σw——壁面导电率，S/m；σw —— wall conductivity, S/m;
B——磁场强度，T；B——magnetic field strength, T;
L——直管道长度，m；L——length of straight pipe, m;
d——管道内径，m；d - the inner diameter of the pipe, m;
D——管道外径，m。D——pipe outer diameter, m.
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：The advantage of the present invention compared with prior art is:
(1)、本发明一种强磁场下液态金属管道流磁流体压降测量方法由于采取以上技术方案，不侵入流体进行测量，不干扰流体流动，可承受超高温流体，测量方便简单；(1), a method for measuring the pressure drop of a magnetic fluid in a liquid metal pipeline under a strong magnetic field of the present invention adopts the above technical scheme, does not invade the fluid for measurement, does not interfere with the fluid flow, can withstand ultra-high temperature fluid, and is convenient and simple to measure;
(2)、本发明一种强磁场下液态金属管道流磁流体压降测量方法不受磁场干扰，所以满足聚变堆液态金属包层的测量工况。(2) The method for measuring the pressure drop of the magnetic fluid in a liquid metal pipeline under a strong magnetic field of the present invention is not disturbed by the magnetic field, so it meets the measurement conditions of the fusion reactor liquid metal cladding.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中电势测量方法示意图；其中1为伏特计，2为电势探针1，3为电势探针2，4为磁场方向，5为流动方向。Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of potential measurement method in the present invention; Wherein 1 is a voltmeter, 2 is a potential probe 1, 3 is a potential probe 2, 4 is a magnetic field direction, and 5 is a flow direction.
图2为本发明的电势探针安装位置图，其中，(a)为仰视图，(b)为右视图，(c)为正视图。Fig. 2 is a diagram of the installation position of the potential probe of the present invention, wherein (a) is a bottom view, (b) is a right view, and (c) is a front view.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图以及具体实施例进一步说明本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明一种液态金属压降测量方法，主要测量对象为管道两侧电势差，其主要测量部件包括一对电势探针、信号引线和高精度伏特计。所述的电极探针对称焊接在金属管道平行于磁场的两侧外壁上，且探针的材质与管道材质相同，以避免不同材质之间的热电势干扰电势差信号。探针外端连接引线，引线材质也保持和探针材质相同，以避免不同材料之间的热电势干扰。两根引线末端连接高精度伏特计，测量精度毫伏级。The invention relates to a method for measuring the pressure drop of liquid metal. The main measurement object is the potential difference on both sides of the pipeline, and the main measurement components include a pair of potential probes, signal lead wires and a high-precision voltmeter. The electrode probes are symmetrically welded on the outer walls of both sides of the metal pipe parallel to the magnetic field, and the material of the probes is the same as that of the pipe, so as to prevent the thermoelectric potential between different materials from interfering with the potential difference signal. The outer end of the probe is connected to the lead wire, and the material of the lead wire is kept the same as that of the probe to avoid thermoelectric potential interference between different materials. The ends of the two lead wires are connected to a high-precision voltmeter, and the measurement accuracy is at the millivolt level.
电势差信号获得后，根据具体管道的电势差与压力梯度关系式可获得压力梯度信息，下面公式为圆形管道的电势差与压力关系式：After the potential difference signal is obtained, the pressure gradient information can be obtained according to the relationship between the potential difference and the pressure gradient of the specific pipeline. The following formula is the relationship between the potential difference and the pressure of the circular pipeline:
式中：——感应电动势，V；In the formula: —— induced electromotive force, V;
K1——端部分流效应，其大小通常取0.33～0.357；K1 —— terminal shunt effect, its size is usually taken as 0.33～0.357;
σw——壁面导电率，S/m；σw —— wall conductivity, S/m;
B——磁场强度，T；B——magnetic field strength, T;
L——直管道长度，m；L——length of straight pipe, m;
d——管道内径，m；d - the inner diameter of the pipe, m;
D——管道外径，m。D——pipe outer diameter, m.
强磁场下流动液态金属产生的电信号，依次通过电势探针、引线，传输到伏特计。为减少热电势对电势信号的干扰，电势探针和引线选择与管道相同材质。伏特计读取的数据，经过公式(1)的处理即可转换为该段管道的压降信号。The electrical signal generated by the flowing liquid metal under the strong magnetic field is transmitted to the voltmeter through the potential probe and the lead wire in turn. In order to reduce the interference of the thermoelectric potential on the potential signal, the potential probe and lead wire are made of the same material as the pipeline. The data read by the voltmeter can be converted into the pressure drop signal of the pipeline after being processed by the formula (1).
本方法由于采取以上技术方案，不侵入流体进行测量，不干扰流体流动，可承受超高温流体，测量方便简单，不受磁场干扰，所以满足聚变堆液态金属包层的测量工况。Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the method does not invade the fluid for measurement, does not interfere with the fluid flow, can withstand ultra-high temperature fluid, is convenient and simple to measure, and is not disturbed by the magnetic field, so it meets the measurement conditions of the fusion reactor liquid metal cladding.
本发明未详细阐述部分属于本领域技术人员的公知技术。Parts not described in detail in the present invention belong to the known techniques of those skilled in the art.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410764117.7ACN104458108B (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2014-12-11 | Method for measuring pressure drop of liquid metal pipe flow magnetic fluid under high-intensity magnetic field |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410764117.7ACN104458108B (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2014-12-11 | Method for measuring pressure drop of liquid metal pipe flow magnetic fluid under high-intensity magnetic field |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104458108Atrue CN104458108A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN104458108B CN104458108B (en) | 2017-02-01 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410764117.7AActiveCN104458108B (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2014-12-11 | Method for measuring pressure drop of liquid metal pipe flow magnetic fluid under high-intensity magnetic field |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104458108B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107709951A (en)* | 2015-06-12 | 2018-02-16 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | For the device for the pressure for measuring the fluid for flowing through pipeline |
| CN107703376A (en)* | 2017-09-15 | 2018-02-16 | 北京理工大学 | The piezoelectricity transfer characteristic measurement apparatus of porous media under a kind of Dynamic Flow Field |
| CN110794164A (en)* | 2019-12-13 | 2020-02-14 | 中国科学院大学 | Measurement system and method for high spatiotemporal accuracy of liquid metal velocity field under strong magnetic field |
| CN114739457A (en)* | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-12 | 西安交通大学 | Modularized detachable probe card device used under high-intensity magnetic field condition |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3566695A (en)* | 1969-06-09 | 1971-03-02 | Atomic Energy Commission | Liquid metal pressure gage |
| US3902369A (en)* | 1974-05-02 | 1975-09-02 | Us Energy | Measurement of the differential pressure of liquid metals |
| CN101545795A (en)* | 2009-05-13 | 2009-09-30 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Fluent metal electrical flow meter |
| CN102928151A (en)* | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Pressure measuring method and device for liquid metal |
| CN103048024A (en)* | 2012-12-19 | 2013-04-17 | 西安交通大学 | High-temperature and high-viscosity liquid-metal electromagnetic flowmeter |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3566695A (en)* | 1969-06-09 | 1971-03-02 | Atomic Energy Commission | Liquid metal pressure gage |
| US3902369A (en)* | 1974-05-02 | 1975-09-02 | Us Energy | Measurement of the differential pressure of liquid metals |
| CN101545795A (en)* | 2009-05-13 | 2009-09-30 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Fluent metal electrical flow meter |
| CN102928151A (en)* | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Pressure measuring method and device for liquid metal |
| CN103048024A (en)* | 2012-12-19 | 2013-04-17 | 西安交通大学 | High-temperature and high-viscosity liquid-metal electromagnetic flowmeter |
| Title |
|---|
| WANG HONG-YAN,QIU XUN-JUN: "Analysis of MHD pressure drop of liquid metal LiPb in dual-cooled waste transmutation blanket", 《JOURNAL OF ANHUI UNIVERSITY (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION)》* |
| 张秀杰等: "矩形管道中液态金属MHD流动数值模拟研究", 《核聚变与等离子体物理》* |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107709951A (en)* | 2015-06-12 | 2018-02-16 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | For the device for the pressure for measuring the fluid for flowing through pipeline |
| US10732063B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2020-08-04 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Device for measuring the pressure of a fluid flowing through a pipeline |
| CN107703376A (en)* | 2017-09-15 | 2018-02-16 | 北京理工大学 | The piezoelectricity transfer characteristic measurement apparatus of porous media under a kind of Dynamic Flow Field |
| CN107703376B (en)* | 2017-09-15 | 2019-08-16 | 北京理工大学 | The piezoelectricity transfer characteristic measuring device of porous media under a kind of Dynamic Flow Field |
| CN110794164A (en)* | 2019-12-13 | 2020-02-14 | 中国科学院大学 | Measurement system and method for high spatiotemporal accuracy of liquid metal velocity field under strong magnetic field |
| CN114739457A (en)* | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-12 | 西安交通大学 | Modularized detachable probe card device used under high-intensity magnetic field condition |
| CN114739457B (en)* | 2022-04-15 | 2024-03-26 | 西安交通大学 | A modular removable probe card device for use under strong magnetic fields |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104458108B (en) | 2017-02-01 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104458108B (en) | Method for measuring pressure drop of liquid metal pipe flow magnetic fluid under high-intensity magnetic field | |
| CN110455354A (en) | A cantilever beam strain sensor type flow rate measurement device and application method | |
| CN107179104A (en) | A kind of magneto liquid metal vortex-shedding meter and its application | |
| CN101545795A (en) | Fluent metal electrical flow meter | |
| CN105509824A (en) | Permanent-magnetic liquid metal flowmeter | |
| CN101539016A (en) | Method for measuring gas-liquid multiphase flow rate by utilizing thermal diffusion and device | |
| CN103591994A (en) | High-accuracy flow measuring device not affected by environmental factors | |
| CN102435381B (en) | Liquid-state metallic sodium experiment loop pressure sensor | |
| CN110470254A (en) | A kind of pipeline creep measurement system and method | |
| CN104198000A (en) | Oil-gas-water three-phase flow array type electromagnetic correlation flow measurement method | |
| CN104019860A (en) | Flowmeter integrating electromagnetism and ultrasonic and use method of flowmeter | |
| CN105841760A (en) | Insert-type electromagnetic flowmeter | |
| Khalilov et al. | A combined liquid sodium flow measurement system | |
| CN209727178U (en) | A reduced-diameter electromagnetic water meter | |
| CN104568629B (en) | A sample and method for on-line detection of metal thinning rate | |
| CN101344105A (en) | Hydraulic system power measurement device based on MEMS V-cone flow sensor | |
| CN118209166A (en) | Elbow differential pressure flow measuring device and measuring method | |
| CN110715695A (en) | A Superconducting Metal Fluid Flow Meter Based on Tube Wall Matrix Electrodes | |
| CN102662193B (en) | Method for fast detecting plugging degree of oxide skins on inner wall of austenitic stainless steel tubes | |
| CN102023037B (en) | Non-full pipe electromagnetic flowmeter | |
| CN204575150U (en) | The one-piece type electromagnetic flowmeter of temperature and pressure | |
| CN117007107A (en) | System and method for determining at least one calculated process parameter of a fluid in a pipe | |
| Marick et al. | A modified technique of flow transducer using Bourdon tube as primary sensing element | |
| CN104180848A (en) | Online detection device for portable hydraulic system | |
| RU127905U1 (en) | FLUID METER FLOW METER |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |