【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明涉及一种热泵热水器，具体涉及一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器及其运行方法，属于节能设备技术领域。The invention relates to a heat pump water heater, in particular to a quick-heating type heat pump water heater for recovering shower waste heat and an operation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of energy-saving equipment.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
随着热泵技术的不断进步，国内外很多专利申请都提出回收淋浴废水余热作为热泵热水器的低温热源，从而构成新型热泵热水器。申请人在中国发明专利申请号201210077810.8中，提出了一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器，并指出在线即时回收淋浴废水用作热泵热水器的热源在实际应用中会面临无热源启动和压缩机频繁启停的问题。其中，无热源启动问题可以通过副水箱预加热的方法很好地解决，而压缩机频繁启停的问题依然存在。With the continuous progress of heat pump technology, many patent applications at home and abroad have proposed to recycle the waste heat of shower waste water as a low-temperature heat source for heat pump water heaters, thus forming a new type of heat pump water heater. In China Invention Patent Application No. 201210077810.8, the applicant proposed a fast-heating heat pump water heater that recovers shower waste heat, and pointed out that the online instant recovery of shower waste water used as the heat source of the heat pump water heater will face no heat source startup and compressor in practical applications. The problem of frequent start and stop. Among them, the problem of starting without a heat source can be well solved by preheating the auxiliary water tank, but the problem of frequent start and stop of the compressor still exists.
熟知，电动机的启动电流是正常运行时的4～7倍，若频繁启停，这对电动机的破坏力很大。压缩机作为热泵的心脏，非常忌讳频繁启停。然而，人们在淋浴过程中往往会有数次短暂的停顿，而且习惯于关闭出水。在这种情形下，热泵难免要随着出水的关闭与开启而频繁启停。如果不停止压缩机运行，需要解决两个问题，一是要大幅度降低压缩机功耗以避免浪费电能，二是要提供蒸发热源和冷凝冷源以维持热泵系统低负荷运转。As we all know, the starting current of the motor is 4 to 7 times that of normal operation. If it is started and stopped frequently, it will be very destructive to the motor. As the heart of the heat pump, the compressor is very taboo to start and stop frequently. However, people often have several short pauses in the shower process and are used to turning off the water. In this case, the heat pump will inevitably start and stop frequently as the outlet water is turned off and on. If the compressor is not stopped, two problems need to be solved. One is to greatly reduce the power consumption of the compressor to avoid wasting electric energy, and the other is to provide evaporation heat source and condensation cold source to maintain the low-load operation of the heat pump system.
若让压缩机低功耗运行，仍需要有热源和冷源，否则蒸发不足，压缩机吸入制冷剂液体，会出现液击现象从而破坏压缩机，冷凝不足也会造成系统压力无法维持平衡而自动保护。If the compressor is operated with low power consumption, it still needs to have a heat source and a cold source, otherwise the evaporation will be insufficient, and the compressor will suck in the refrigerant liquid, which will cause liquid shock and damage the compressor. Insufficient condensation will also cause the system pressure to fail to maintain balance and automatically Protect.
目前，降低压缩机功耗可以有两个途径，一种是变频，另一种是变压。业界一般采用变频的方法，而本发明采用变压的方法来解决上述问题。At present, there are two ways to reduce the power consumption of the compressor, one is frequency conversion, and the other is variable pressure. The industry generally adopts the method of frequency conversion, but the present invention adopts the method of voltage conversion to solve the above problems.
【发明内容】【Content of invention】
本发明的目的是：提供一种通过变压的方法来降低压缩机的功耗，同时不产生损耗。该方法通过水路自循环，可以提供蒸发热源和冷凝冷源以维持热泵系统低负荷运转。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing the power consumption of the compressor by changing the pressure without generating losses. This method can provide evaporation heat source and condensation cold source to maintain the low-load operation of the heat pump system through self-circulation of the water circuit.
为达上述目的，本发明一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器，包括压缩机1、主水箱2、副水箱3、花洒4、余热回收器5、蒸发换热器6、节流阀7、恒温混水阀8、泵9、两个三通阀10、11、供水阀12、温度传感器13以及水流感应开关14。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a quick-heating type heat pump water heater for recovering shower waste heat, including a compressor 1, a main water tank 2, an auxiliary water tank 3, a shower 4, a waste heat recovery device 5, an evaporation heat exchanger 6, and a throttle valve 7. Constant temperature water mixing valve 8, pump 9, two three-way valves 10, 11, water supply valve 12, temperature sensor 13 and water flow sensor switch 14.
它们之间的位置连接关系是：The position connection relationship between them is:
压缩机1排气端与主水箱2的换热管道入口相连接，换热管道外是水流通道；压缩机1吸气端分别与蒸发换热器6和余热回收器5连接；所述的压缩机1为单相定频压缩机；The exhaust end of the compressor 1 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe of the main water tank 2, and the outside of the heat exchange pipe is a water flow channel; the suction end of the compressor 1 is respectively connected to the evaporative heat exchanger 6 and the waste heat recovery device 5; the compression Machine 1 is a single-phase fixed-frequency compressor;
主水箱2是常见的管壳式换热器，实际上充当了热泵系统的冷凝器，分为管程和壳程，管程是制冷剂流动通道，即换热管道，壳程是水流通道；主水箱2水流通道的出水口与副水箱3的入水口相连接；主水箱2水流通道的入水口通过三通10分别与供水阀12和蒸发换热器6连接；主水箱2换热管道的出口与节流阀7连接；The main water tank 2 is a common shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which actually acts as the condenser of the heat pump system and is divided into a tube side and a shell side. The tube side is the refrigerant flow channel, that is, the heat exchange pipe, and the shell side is the water flow channel; The water outlet of the water flow channel of the main water tank 2 is connected with the water inlet of the auxiliary water tank 3; the water inlet of the water flow channel of the main water tank 2 is connected with the water supply valve 12 and the evaporation heat exchanger 6 respectively through the tee 10; the heat exchange pipe of the main water tank 2 The outlet is connected with the throttle valve 7;
副水箱3是一个容积较小的水罐，内置温度传感器13及两组电加热器R1和R2；副水箱3的出水口通过恒温混水阀8与花洒4相连接；同时，该出水口也与泵9相连接；The auxiliary water tank 3 is a water tank with a small volume, with a built-in temperature sensor 13 and two sets of electric heaters R1 and R2 ; the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank 3 is connected to the shower 4 through a thermostatic mixing valve 8; The water outlet is also connected with the pump 9;
花洒4为淋浴出水设备，为使用者提供适温的水源；The shower 4 is a water outlet device for the shower, providing users with a suitable temperature water source;
余热回收器5的结构包括一上层体30，由金属材质以挤压成型制成的方形体，具有一顶面31、一底面32、一前侧面33、一后侧面34及两相平行的侧边面35，该前侧面33与后侧面34的两末端边分别由该两侧边面35相接连，该底面32上凸设有数条相平行间隔排列的隔离墙37，并在其中一条隔离墙37的末端设有一条上卡合部38，且该每一条隔离墙37的墙面上采交错方式各贯穿有一连通孔39，而在该两侧边面35上分别穿设有一流体入口301及一流体出口(图中未示)；The structure of the waste heat recovery device 5 includes an upper body 30, which is a square body made of metal material by extrusion molding, and has a top surface 31, a bottom surface 32, a front side 33, a rear side 34 and two parallel sides. Side surface 35, the two ends of the front side 33 and the rear side 34 are respectively connected by the two sides 35, the bottom surface 32 is provided with several partition walls 37 arranged in parallel and spaced intervals, and one of the partition walls The end of 37 is provided with an upper engaging part 38, and the wall surface of each partition wall 37 adopts a staggered way to pass through a communication hole 39, and a fluid inlet 301 and a fluid inlet 301 are respectively pierced on the two side surfaces 35. A fluid outlet (not shown in the figure);
一下层体40，由塑料材质以注塑成型制成的平板，其轮廓形状及面积均与上层体相同，具有一顶面41、一底面42、一前侧面43、一后侧面44及两相平行的侧边面45，该顶面41上相对应于上层体30其中一条隔离墙37的上卡合部38位置处，凸设有一条下卡合部46，与该条隔离墙37的上卡合部38相互穿插后达成彼此固定不分离；及The lower body 40 is a flat plate made of plastic material by injection molding. Its outline shape and area are the same as the upper body. It has a top surface 41, a bottom surface 42, a front side 43, a rear side 44 and two parallel surfaces. The side surface 45 of the top surface 41 corresponds to the position of the upper engaging portion 38 of one of the partition walls 37 of the upper body 30, and a lower engaging portion 46 is convexly provided with the upper engaging portion 46 of the partition wall 37. The joint parts 38 are interpenetrated to achieve mutual fixation and non-separation; and
两封边盖50，分别盖贴于上层体30与下层体40相互组合后的前侧面及后侧面上的平板体，其面积大小将上层体30与下层体40的前侧面及后侧面完全密合封住，并同步在该上层体30的底面32与下层体40的顶面41及各隔离墙37之间形成数条流体流动通道，是制冷剂的流动通道，亦即换热管道；Two edge-sealing covers 50 are covered respectively on the front side and the rear side of the upper body 30 and the lower body 40 after the mutual combination of the plate body. Sealed together, and synchronously form several fluid flow passages between the bottom surface 32 of the upper layer body 30, the top surface 41 of the lower layer body 40 and each partition wall 37, which are the flow passages of the refrigerant, that is, the heat exchange pipes;
该上层体30与下层体40的前侧面与该后侧面上分别设有数个螺孔36、47，且相对应于该上层体30的螺孔与下层体30的螺孔位置的该两封边盖50的板面上，也分别穿设有相同数量的固定孔51，由螺丝N贯穿两封边盖50上各固定孔51，再旋入螺孔后，将上层体与下层体的前侧面及后侧面完全密合封住。The front side and the back side of the upper layer 30 and the lower layer 40 are respectively provided with several screw holes 36, 47, and the two edge seals corresponding to the positions of the screw holes of the upper layer 30 and the screw holes of the lower layer 30 The same number of fixing holes 51 are respectively pierced on the plate surface of the cover 50, and the fixing holes 51 on the two edge sealing covers 50 are penetrated by screws N, and then screwed into the screw holes, the front side of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected. And the rear side is completely sealed.
余热回收器5充当热泵系统的蒸发器，其换热管道出口与压缩机1的吸气端相连接，余热回收器5的换热管道入口通过三通阀11分别与节流阀7和蒸发换热器6的换热管道连接；The waste heat recovery device 5 acts as the evaporator of the heat pump system, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe is connected to the suction end of the compressor 1, and the heat exchange pipe inlet of the waste heat recovery device 5 is respectively connected with the throttle valve 7 and the evaporation exchange through the three-way valve 11. The heat exchange pipe connection of the heater 6;
余热回收器5放置于地面上，在花洒4的正下方，花洒4出水可以直接淋到余热回收器5的上层体金属换热面上，水流经过余热回收器5之后直接进入下水道排出；The waste heat recovery device 5 is placed on the ground, right below the shower head 4, the water from the shower head 4 can directly shower on the metal heat exchange surface of the upper body of the waste heat recovery device 5, and the water flows directly into the sewer after passing through the waste heat recovery device 5;
余热回收器5也可以为盘管式余热回收器，如图5所示；The waste heat recovery device 5 can also be a coil type waste heat recovery device, as shown in Figure 5;
蒸发换热器6是常见的管壳式换热器，在此充当热泵系统的备用蒸发器，分为管程和壳程，管程是制冷剂流动通道，即换热管道，壳程是水流通道；The evaporative heat exchanger 6 is a common shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which serves as a backup evaporator for the heat pump system, and is divided into a tube side and a shell side. The tube side is the refrigerant flow channel, that is, the heat exchange pipe, and the shell side is the water flow aisle;
蒸发换热器6水流通道的入水口通过泵9与副水箱3的出水口相连接，蒸发换热器6水流通道的出水口通过三通阀10分别与供水阀12和主水箱2水流通道的入水口相连接；蒸发换热器6换热管道的入口通过三通阀11分别与节流阀7和余热回收器5相连接，蒸发换热器6换热管道的出口与压缩机1吸气端相连接；The water inlet of the water flow passage of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 is connected with the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank 3 through the pump 9, and the water outlet of the water flow passage of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 is respectively connected with the water supply valve 12 and the water flow passage of the main water tank 2 through the three-way valve 10. The water inlet is connected; the inlet of the heat exchange pipe of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 is respectively connected with the throttle valve 7 and the waste heat recovery device 5 through the three-way valve 11, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 is connected with the compressor 1 for suction terminal connection;
节流阀7的作用是通过节流效应将主水箱2换热管道中的压力和温度均相对较高的液态制冷剂转变为压力和温度均相对较低的液态制冷剂，同时通过三通阀11回流至蒸发换热器6或者余热回收器5的换热管道；The role of the throttle valve 7 is to transform the liquid refrigerant with relatively high pressure and temperature in the heat exchange pipe of the main water tank 2 into a liquid refrigerant with relatively low pressure and temperature through the throttling effect, and at the same time pass through the three-way valve 11 return to the heat exchange pipe of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 or the waste heat recovery device 5;
恒温混水阀8包括C、H和O三个端口，作用是将供水阀12提供的冷水与副水箱3提供的热水按不同比例混合以保持出水温度与用户设定温度一致；The thermostatic water mixing valve 8 includes three ports C, H and O, and its function is to mix the cold water provided by the water supply valve 12 with the hot water provided by the auxiliary water tank 3 in different proportions to keep the outlet water temperature consistent with the temperature set by the user;
泵9的作用是将水从副水箱3至蒸发换热器6，再至主水箱2，最后回流至副水箱3的闭合循环动力；The function of the pump 9 is to transfer water from the auxiliary water tank 3 to the evaporative heat exchanger 6, then to the main water tank 2, and finally return to the closed cycle power of the auxiliary water tank 3;
三通阀10包括a1、b1、c1三个端口；The three-way valve 10 includes three ports a1 , b1 , and c1 ;
三通阀11包括a2、b2、c2三个端口；The three-way valve 11 includes three ports a2 , b2 , and c2 ;
三通阀10、11的作用是连通各条管路并起到切换管路的作用；The function of the three-way valves 10 and 11 is to connect each pipeline and play the role of switching pipelines;
电路系统，包括电源、继电器T1、T2、T3、T4及电机M；电源为220V交流电，继电器T1、T2、T3、T4可以是固态继电器、电磁继电器或者磁簧继电器，其作用是连通或断开电路；电机M即为压缩机的驱动电机，其中包括了启动电容电路。Circuit system, including power supply, relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and motor M; power supply is 220V AC, and relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 can be solid state relays, electromagnetic relays or reed relays , its function is to connect or disconnect the circuit; the motor M is the driving motor of the compressor, which includes the starting capacitor circuit.
控制电路板(图中未示)，是用于自动控制继电器T1、T2、T3、T4、三通阀10、11、泵9和电机M的集成电路，它根据副水箱3内置的温度传感器13以及水流感应开关14发出的电信号判断热泵热水器工作状态并输出控制信号。The control circuit board (not shown in the figure) is an integrated circuit for automatic control of relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , three-way valves 10, 11, pump 9 and motor M, and it is built according to the auxiliary water tank 3 The electric signal sent by the temperature sensor 13 and the water flow sensor switch 14 judges the working state of the heat pump water heater and outputs a control signal.
水流通道上游设有供水阀12。A water supply valve 12 is arranged upstream of the water flow channel.
一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器的运行方法，详述如下：A method for operating a fast-heating heat pump water heater that recovers waste heat from a shower, detailed as follows:
系统预热：System warm up:
用户控制开关接通电源，恒温混水阀8O端处于关闭状态，继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4断开，电加热器R1、R2并联工作，副水箱3内水温开始上升。副水箱3内置温度传感器，当水温达到用户设定出水水温例如，(45℃)时，将报警提示用户进入待机状态，同时压缩机1启动。The user control switch is powered on, the 8O end of the thermostatic mixing valve is in the closed state, the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , the relay T3 is connected to the contact p3 , and the relay T4 disconnected, the electric heaters R1 and R2 work in parallel, and the water temperature in the auxiliary water tank 3 begins to rise. The auxiliary water tank 3 has a built-in temperature sensor. When the water temperature reaches the user's set outlet water temperature, for example, (45° C.), an alarm will be given to prompt the user to enter the standby state, and the compressor 1 will start simultaneously.
当完成开机预热，副水箱3内的水温达到用户设定出水水温后，压缩机1将开始启动。启动时，继电器T1、T2、T3皆断开，电加热器R1、R2断电，继电器T4接通触点p4，压缩机1通电开始工作。如果压缩机1启动后，恒温混水阀8O端未开启，热泵热水器将自动进入待机状态。When the start-up preheating is completed and the water temperature in the auxiliary water tank 3 reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user, the compressor 1 will start. When starting, the relays T1 , T2 and T3 are all disconnected, the electric heaters R1 and R2 are de-energized, the relay T4 is connected to the contact p4 , and the compressor 1 is energized to start working. If after the compressor 1 is started, the thermostatic water mixing valve 80 end is not opened, and the heat pump water heater will automatically enter the standby state.
系统待机：System standby:
恒温混水阀8O端处于关闭状态，继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，电加热器R1、R2并联工作；继电器T3接通触点p4，继电器T4断开，压缩机1与电加热器R1、R2串联工作，压缩机1电压降低，电流减小，输出功率降低；三通阀10的b1和c1两端接通；三通阀11的b2和c2两端接通；泵9启动。The 8O terminal of the thermostatic water mixing valve is in the closed state, the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , the electric heaters R1 and R2 are connected in parallel; the relay T3 is connected to the contact p4 , the relay T4 is disconnected, the compressor1 and the electric heater R1, R2 work in series, the voltage of the compressor 1 decreases, the current decreases, and the output power decreases; the two endsof b1 and c1of the three-way valve 10 are connected; threeThe b2 and c2 ends of the through valve11 are connected; the pump 9 starts.
在泵9的作用下，副水箱3中的水经过泵9进入蒸发换热器6壳程，再通过三通阀10进入主水箱2壳程，最后回到副水箱3完成闭合水循环。在闭合水循环过程中，水在蒸发换热器6的壳程中与管程内的制冷剂发生热交换，放出热量，温度降低；在主水箱2壳程中与管程内的制冷剂蒸气发生热交换，吸收热量，温度升高，其中所吸收的热量包括在蒸发换热器6中释放的热量以及压缩机1所耗电功转换的热量；在副水箱3中，水吸收电加热器R1、R2释放的热量，温度进一步升高。闭合水循环过程是对副水箱3的水进行加热的过程，加热功率小于总电功率，电加热器R1、R2的电功率100％转化为热功率，而电机M的电功率约有70％转化为热功率，所以，在保证压缩机1维持待机的前提下，将电压更多地分配给电加热器R1、R2，以减少损耗。Under the action of the pump 9, the water in the auxiliary water tank 3 enters the shell side of the evaporation heat exchanger 6 through the pump 9, then enters the shell side of the main water tank 2 through the three-way valve 10, and finally returns to the auxiliary water tank 3 to complete the closed water cycle. In the closed water cycle process, the water exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the tube side in the shell side of the evaporative heat exchanger 6, releases heat, and lowers the temperature; Heat exchange, heat absorption, temperature rise, wherein the absorbed heat includes the heat released in the evaporative heat exchanger 6 and the heat converted by the power consumed by the compressor 1; in the auxiliary water tank 3, the water absorbs the electric heater R1. The heat released by R2 further increases the temperature. The closed water circulation process is the process of heating the water in the auxiliary water tank 3, the heating power is less than the total electric power, 100% of the electric power of the electric heaters R1 and R2 is converted into heat power, and about 70% of the electric power of the motor M is converted into heat Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that the compressor 1 remains in standby, more voltage is distributed to the electric heaters R1 and R2 to reduce losses.
所述压缩机(1)、主水箱(2)、节流阀(7)和蒸发换热器(6)以及三通阀(11)构成待机热泵循环系统。其中，蒸发换热器(6)相当于蒸发器，主水箱2相当于冷凝器，蒸发换热器(6)为维持热泵系统待机运行提供热源；主水箱2为维持热泵系统待机运行提供冷源。因为压缩机1处于低压低速运行状态，则制冷剂流量比正常运转低得多，此时，压缩机1采用电阻分压的方式将其电压调节至额定电压的1/3～1/2状态维持运转，电压过低则容易停转。The compressor (1), main water tank (2), throttle valve (7), evaporation heat exchanger (6) and three-way valve (11) constitute a standby heat pump circulation system. Among them, the evaporative heat exchanger (6) is equivalent to an evaporator, the main water tank 2 is equivalent to a condenser, and the evaporative heat exchanger (6) provides a heat source for maintaining the standby operation of the heat pump system; the main water tank 2 provides a cold source for maintaining the standby operation of the heat pump system . Because the compressor 1 is in the low-pressure and low-speed operation state, the refrigerant flow rate is much lower than the normal operation. At this time, the compressor 1 adopts the method of resistive voltage division to adjust its voltage to 1/3~1/2 of the rated voltage to maintain the state. If the voltage is too low, it will easily stop.
热泵热水器不宜长时间处于待机状态，最长以3～5分钟为限。当副水箱3水温达到用户设定上限值例如，(65℃)时，热泵热水器将启动保护程序自动切断电源。出现这种情况只能说明用户的使用习惯不好，超时限待机不仅不节能，还强制压缩机启停。The heat pump water heater should not be in the standby state for a long time, and the maximum limit is 3 to 5 minutes. When the auxiliary water tank 3 water temperature reaches the upper limit set by the user, for example, (65°C), the heat pump water heater will start a protection program to automatically cut off the power supply. The occurrence of this kind of situation only shows that the user's usage habits are not good. The overtime standby not only does not save energy, but also forces the compressor to start and stop.
系统正常运行：The system is running normally:
在副水箱3水温达到用户设定出水水温例如，(45℃)的条件下，开启混水阀O端，水流感应开关14发出热泵热水器进入工作状态的信号，控制电路板发出控制信号导致变化如下：When the water temperature of the auxiliary water tank 3 reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user (for example, 45°C), the O terminal of the water mixing valve is opened, the water flow sensor switch 14 sends a signal that the heat pump water heater enters the working state, and the control circuit board sends a control signal to cause the changes as follows :
继电器T1断开，继电器T2接通触点p1，电加热器R1、R2串联工作；继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4接通触点p4，压缩机1与电加热器R1、R2并联工作；继电器T3的通断此时还受温度传感器13的控制，若水温持续高于用户设定出水水温，继电器T3就自动断开，使电加热器R1、R2停止工作，反之T3自动接通触点p3。电路切换的结果是压缩机1进入额定电压工作状态，起主要加热作用，电加热器R1、R2功率最低，起辅助加热作用。Relay T1 is disconnected, relay T2 is connected to contact p1 , electric heaters R1 and R2 work in series; relay T3 is connected to contact p3 , relay T4 is connected to contact p4 , compressor 1 Work in parallel with electric heaters R1 and R2 ; the on-off of relay T3 is also controlled by temperature sensor 13 at this time, if the water temperature continues to be higher than the water temperature set by the user, relay T3 will be automatically disconnected to make the electric heater Devices R1 and R2 stop working, otherwise T3 automatically connects to contact p3 . As a result of circuit switching, the compressor 1 enters the working state of the rated voltage and plays the main heating function, and the electric heaters R1 and R2 have the lowest power and play the auxiliary heating function.
三通阀10的a1和b1两端接通；三通阀11的a2和b2两端接通；泵9停止运行。此时，水路是开放的，由供水阀12开始，经过主水箱2、副水箱3、花洒4，供用户淋浴，使用后通过余热回收器5进行换热，最终进入下水排掉。压缩机1、主水箱2、节流阀7和余热回收器5以及三通阀11构成工作热泵循环系统。The two ends of a1 and b1 of the three-way valve 10 are connected; the two ends of a2 and b2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected; the pump 9 stops running. At this time, the waterway is open, starting from the water supply valve 12, passing through the main water tank 2, the auxiliary water tank 3, and the shower 4, for users to shower, after use, heat exchange is performed through the waste heat recovery device 5, and finally enters the sewer to be drained. The compressor 1, the main water tank 2, the throttle valve 7, the waste heat recovery device 5 and the three-way valve 11 form a working heat pump circulation system.
其中，余热回收器5相当于蒸发器，主水箱2相当于冷凝器。此时，压缩机接近额定功率运行，所以制冷剂流量较大，从余热回收器5吸收大量热量，这些热量来自于淋浴废水，最终，这部分热量在主水箱2放出，用于给水加热。Wherein, the waste heat recovery device 5 is equivalent to an evaporator, and the main water tank 2 is equivalent to a condenser. At this time, the compressor is running close to the rated power, so the refrigerant flow rate is relatively large, absorbing a large amount of heat from the waste heat recovery device 5, which comes from the shower waste water, and finally, this part of heat is released in the main water tank 2 for heating water.
系统暂停：System pause:
如果用户在洗浴过程中临时关闭了混水阀O端，热水器将进入到待机状态，与前面所述系统待机状态一致，即：继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4断开；三通阀10的b1和c1两端接通；三通阀11的b2和c2两端接通；泵9启动。暂停通常不会持续很久，用户通常会在超过待机时限之前恢复使用，所以在正常使用情况下进入自动保护状态的概率很低很低，即正常情况下，压缩机始终处于工作状态，不会因为频繁启停而造成损害，出现故障的几率也大大降低。If the user temporarily closes the O terminal of the water mixing valve during the bathing process, the water heater will enter the standby state, which is consistent with the standby state of the system mentioned above, that is: the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , and the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , relay T3 is connected to contact p3 , relay T4 is disconnected; the two ends of b1 and c1 of the three-way valve 10 are connected; the two ends of b2 and c2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected; the pump 9 start. Pause usually does not last long, and users usually resume use before the standby time limit is exceeded, so the probability of entering the automatic protection state under normal use is very low, that is, under normal circumstances, the compressor is always in working state, and will not be caused by Frequent start and stop will cause damage, and the probability of failure is also greatly reduced.
电加热器R1、R2的电阻值的选择，应考虑其在额定电压下并联工作时的输出功率与压缩机额定功率大致相当，以便保持热泵热水器运行时总功率平稳。同时，电加热器R1、R2并联的阻值略高于压缩机的感生电阻，以便电阻与电机串联时至少可以分压1/2以上，有效降低压缩机功耗。The selection of resistance values of electric heaters R1 and R2 should consider that their output power when working in parallel at rated voltage is roughly equivalent to the rated power of the compressor, so as to keep the total power of the heat pump water heater running smoothly. At the same time, the resistance of electric heaters R1 and R2 connected in parallel is slightly higher than the induction resistance of the compressor, so that when the resistance is connected in series with the motor, the voltage can be divided by at least 1/2, effectively reducing the power consumption of the compressor.
本发明一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器的一种简化结构包括：压缩机1、主水箱2、副水箱3、花洒4、余热回收器5、蒸发换热器6、节流阀7、恒温混水阀8、三通阀11、供水阀12、温度传感器13以及水流感应开关14。A simplified structure of a rapid heat pump water heater for recovering shower waste heat according to the present invention includes: compressor 1, main water tank 2, auxiliary water tank 3, shower 4, waste heat recovery device 5, evaporative heat exchanger 6, throttle valve 7. Constant temperature mixing valve 8, three-way valve 11, water supply valve 12, temperature sensor 13 and water flow sensor switch 14.
该简化结构与之前所述的热泵热水器结构主要区别在于，将主水箱、副水箱和蒸发换热器进行了一体化设计，组成了新的水箱，该水箱包括：入水口20、主水箱换热管道21、蒸发换热器换热管道22、副水箱23、电加热器24、27、温度传感器25及出水口26。换热管道外是水流通道，如图2和图4所示。The main difference between this simplified structure and the heat pump water heater structure described above is that the main water tank, auxiliary water tank and evaporative heat exchanger are integrated to form a new water tank. The water tank includes: water inlet 20, main water tank heat exchange Pipeline 21, evaporative heat exchanger heat exchange pipe 22, auxiliary water tank 23, electric heater 24, 27, temperature sensor 25 and water outlet 26. Outside the heat exchange pipe is a water flow channel, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 .
它们之间的位置连接关系是：The position connection relationship between them is:
压缩机1排气端与主水箱换热管道21入口相连接，压缩机1吸气端分别与蒸发换热器换热管道22出口和余热回收器5连接；所述的压缩机1为单相定频压缩机；The exhaust end of the compressor 1 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe 21 of the main water tank, and the suction end of the compressor 1 is respectively connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipe 22 of the evaporative heat exchanger and the waste heat recovery device 5; the compressor 1 is single-phase fixed frequency compressor;
主水箱换热管道21的出口与节流阀7连接；The outlet of the heat exchange pipeline 21 of the main water tank is connected with the throttle valve 7;
花洒4为淋浴出水设备，为使用者提供适温的水源；The shower 4 is a water outlet device for the shower, providing users with a suitable temperature water source;
余热回收器5的结构包括一上层体30，由金属材质以挤压成型制成的方形体，具有一顶面31、一底面32、一前侧面33、一后侧面34及两相平行的侧边面35，该前侧面33与后侧面34的两末端边分别由该两侧边面35相接连，该底面32上凸设有数条相平行间隔排列的隔离墙37，并在其中一条隔离墙37的末端设有一条上卡合部38，且该每一条隔离墙37的墙面上采交错方式各贯穿有一连通孔39，而在该两侧边面35上分别穿设有一流体入口301及一流体出口(图中未示)；The structure of the waste heat recovery device 5 includes an upper body 30, which is a square body made of metal material by extrusion molding, and has a top surface 31, a bottom surface 32, a front side 33, a rear side 34 and two parallel sides. Side surface 35, the two ends of the front side 33 and the rear side 34 are respectively connected by the two sides 35, the bottom surface 32 is provided with several partition walls 37 arranged in parallel and spaced intervals, and one of the partition walls The end of 37 is provided with an upper engaging part 38, and the wall surface of each partition wall 37 adopts a staggered way to pass through a communication hole 39, and a fluid inlet 301 and a fluid inlet 301 are respectively pierced on the two side surfaces 35. A fluid outlet (not shown in the figure);
一下层体40，由塑料材质以注塑成型制成的平板，其轮廓形状及面积均与上层体相同，具有一顶面41、一底面42、一前侧面43、一后侧面44及两相平行的侧边面45，该顶面41上相对应于上层体30其中一条隔离墙37的上卡合部38位置处，凸设有一条下卡合部46，与该条隔离墙37的上卡合部38相互穿插后达成彼此固定不分离；及The lower body 40 is a flat plate made of plastic material by injection molding. Its outline shape and area are the same as the upper body. It has a top surface 41, a bottom surface 42, a front side 43, a rear side 44 and two parallel surfaces. The side surface 45 of the top surface 41 corresponds to the position of the upper engaging portion 38 of one of the partition walls 37 of the upper body 30, and a lower engaging portion 46 is convexly provided with the upper engaging portion 46 of the partition wall 37. The joint parts 38 are interpenetrated to achieve mutual fixation and non-separation; and
两封边盖50，分别盖贴于上层体30与下层体40相互组合后的前侧面及后侧面上的平板体，其面积大小将上层体30与下层体40的前侧面及后侧面完全密合封住，并同步在该上层体30的底面32与下层体40的顶面41及各隔离墙37之间形成数条流体流动通道，是制冷剂的流动通道，亦即换热管道；Two edge-sealing covers 50 are covered respectively on the front side and the rear side of the upper body 30 and the lower body 40 after the mutual combination of the plate body. Sealed together, and synchronously form several fluid flow passages between the bottom surface 32 of the upper layer body 30, the top surface 41 of the lower layer body 40 and each partition wall 37, which are the flow passages of the refrigerant, that is, the heat exchange pipes;
该上层体30与下层体40的前侧面与该后侧面上分别设有数个螺孔36、47，且相对应于该上层体30的螺孔与下层体30的螺孔位置的该两封边盖50的板面上，也分别穿设有相同数量的固定孔51，由螺丝N贯穿两封边盖50上各固定孔51，再旋入螺孔后，将上层体与下层体的前侧面及后侧面完全密合封住。The front side and the back side of the upper layer 30 and the lower layer 40 are respectively provided with several screw holes 36, 47, and the two edge seals corresponding to the positions of the screw holes of the upper layer 30 and the screw holes of the lower layer 30 The same number of fixing holes 51 are respectively pierced on the plate surface of the cover 50, and the fixing holes 51 on the two edge sealing covers 50 are penetrated by screws N, and then screwed into the screw holes, the front side of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected. And the rear side is completely sealed.
余热回收器5充当热泵系统的蒸发器，其换热管道出口与压缩机1的吸气端相连接，余热回收器5的换热管道入口通过三通阀11分别与节流阀7和蒸发换热器换热管道22连接；The waste heat recovery device 5 acts as the evaporator of the heat pump system, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe is connected to the suction end of the compressor 1, and the heat exchange pipe inlet of the waste heat recovery device 5 is respectively connected with the throttle valve 7 and the evaporation exchange through the three-way valve 11. Heater heat exchange pipeline 22 is connected;
余热回收器5放置于地面上，在花洒4的正下方，花洒4出水可以直接淋到余热回收器5的上层体金属换热面上，水流经过余热回收器5之后直接进入下水道排出；The waste heat recovery device 5 is placed on the ground, right below the shower head 4, the water from the shower head 4 can directly shower on the metal heat exchange surface of the upper body of the waste heat recovery device 5, and the water flows directly into the sewer after passing through the waste heat recovery device 5;
余热回收器5也可以为盘管式余热回收器，如图5所示；The waste heat recovery device 5 can also be a coil type waste heat recovery device, as shown in Figure 5;
蒸发换热器换热管道22的入口通过三通阀11分别与节流阀7和余热回收器5相连接，蒸发换热器换热管道22的出口与压缩机1吸气端相连接；The inlet of the heat exchange pipe 22 of the evaporator heat exchanger is connected to the throttle valve 7 and the waste heat recovery device 5 through the three-way valve 11, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe 22 of the evaporator heat exchanger is connected to the suction end of the compressor 1;
节流阀7的作用是通过节流效应将主水箱换热管道21中的压力和温度均相对较高的液态制冷剂转变为压力和温度均相对较低的液态制冷剂；The function of the throttle valve 7 is to transform the liquid refrigerant with relatively high pressure and temperature in the heat exchange pipe 21 of the main water tank into a liquid refrigerant with relatively low pressure and temperature through the throttling effect;
恒温混水阀8包括C、H和O三个端口，作用是将供水阀12提供的冷水与水箱提供的热水按不同比例混合以保持出水温度与用户设定温度一致；The thermostatic water mixing valve 8 includes three ports C, H and O, and its function is to mix the cold water provided by the water supply valve 12 with the hot water provided by the water tank in different proportions to keep the outlet water temperature consistent with the temperature set by the user;
三通阀11包括a2、b2、c2三个端口；作用是连通各条管路并起到切换管路的作用；The three-way valve 11 includes three ports a2 , b2 , and c2 ; the function is to connect various pipelines and play the role of switching pipelines;
水流通道上游设有供水阀12，一路与水箱入水口连接，另一路与恒温混水阀8连接；水箱出水口与水流感应开关14连接。A water supply valve 12 is provided upstream of the water flow channel, one of which is connected to the water inlet of the water tank, and the other is connected to the thermostatic water mixing valve 8; the water outlet of the water tank is connected to the water flow sensor switch 14.
电路系统，包括电源、继电器T1、T2、T3、T4及电机M；电源为220V交流电，继电器T1、T2、T3、T4可以是固态继电器、电磁继电器或者磁簧继电器，其作用是连通或断开电路；电机M即为压缩机的驱动电机，其中包括了启动电容电路。Circuit system, including power supply, relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and motor M; power supply is 220V AC, and relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 can be solid state relays, electromagnetic relays or reed relays , its function is to connect or disconnect the circuit; the motor M is the driving motor of the compressor, which includes the starting capacitor circuit.
控制电路板(图中未示)，是用于自动控制继电器T1、T2、T3、T4、三通阀11和电机M的集成电路，它根据温度传感器13、25以及水流感应开关14发出的电信号判断热泵热水器工作状态并输出控制信号。The control circuit board (not shown in the figure) is an integrated circuit for automatic control of relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , three-way valve 11 and motor M, which is based on temperature sensors 13, 25 and water flow sensor switches The electrical signal sent by 14 judges the working state of the heat pump water heater and outputs a control signal.
该结构中取消了泵和一个三通，这样做的好处是：1、降低成产成本；2、降低热泵热水器的故障率，延长其工作寿命。3、结构简单，便于一体化安装。4、不启动压缩机，只用加热器，形成自然对流，加热速度快。In this structure, the pump and a tee are canceled, and the benefits of doing this are: 1. Reduce the production cost; 2. Reduce the failure rate of the heat pump water heater and prolong its working life. 3. Simple structure, easy for integrated installation. 4. Do not start the compressor, only use the heater to form natural convection, and the heating speed is fast.
一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器的运行方法，详述如下：A method for operating a fast-heating heat pump water heater that recovers waste heat from a shower, detailed as follows:
系统预热：System warm up:
用户控制开关接通电源，恒温混水阀8O端处于关闭状态，继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4断开，电加热器R1、R2并联工作，水箱内水温开始上升。当水温达到用户设定出水水温例如，45℃时，温度传感器报警提示。The user control switch is powered on, the 8O end of the thermostatic mixing valve is in the closed state, the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , the relay T3 is connected to the contact p3 , and the relay T4 Disconnect, the electric heaters R1 and R2 work in parallel, and the water temperature in the water tank begins to rise. When the water temperature reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user, for example, 45°C, the temperature sensor will give an alarm.
用户进入待机状态，同时压缩机1启动。The user enters the standby state, and the compressor 1 starts at the same time.
当完成开机预热，水箱内的水温达到用户设定出水水温后，压缩机1将开始启动。启动时，继电器T1、T2、T3皆断开，电加热器R1、R2断电，继电器T4接通触点p4，压缩机1通电开始工作。如果压缩机1启动后，恒温混水阀8O端未开启，热泵热水器将自动进入待机状态。When the start-up preheating is completed and the water temperature in the water tank reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user, the compressor 1 will start to start. When starting, the relays T1 , T2 and T3 are all disconnected, the electric heaters R1 and R2 are de-energized, the relay T4 is connected to the contact p4 , and the compressor 1 is energized to start working. If after the compressor 1 is started, the thermostatic water mixing valve 80 end is not opened, and the heat pump water heater will automatically enter the standby state.
系统待机：System standby:
恒温混水阀8O端处于关闭状态，继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，电加热器R1、R2并联工作；继电器T3接通触点p4，继电器T4断开，压缩机1与电加热器R1、R2串联工作，压缩机1电压降低，电流减小，输出功率降低；三通阀11的b2和c2两端接通。The 8O terminal of the thermostatic water mixing valve is in the closed state, the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , the electric heaters R1 and R2 are connected in parallel; the relay T3 is connected to the contact p4 , the relay T4 is disconnected, the compressor1 works in series with the electric heaters R1 and R2, the voltage of the compressor 1 decreases, the current decreases, and the output power decreases; the twoends of b2 and c2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected.
在重力的作用下，由于蒸发换热器6管程内制冷工质蒸发吸热，导致换热管道22内外表面温度降低，蒸发换热器6壳程里温度较低密度较大的水下沉，经副水箱3进入主水箱2壳程，由于主水箱2管程内制冷工质冷凝发热，导致换热管道21内外表面温度升高，主水箱2壳程被加热而密度较小的水上浮，经副水箱3回流到蒸发换热器6壳程完成自然对流水循环。在自然对流水循环过程中，水在蒸发换热器6的壳程中与管程内的制冷剂发生热交换，放出热量，温度降低；在主水箱2壳程中与管程内的制冷剂蒸气发生热交换，吸收热量，温度升高，其中所吸收的热量包括在蒸发换热器6中释放的热量以及压缩机1所耗电功转换的热量；在流经副水箱3时，水吸收电加热器R1、R2释放的热量，一部分被加热的则上浮，一部分未被加热的则下沉。闭合水循环过程是对一体化水箱内的水进行加热的过程，加热功率小于总电功率，电加热器R1、R2的电功率100％转化为热功率，而电机M的电功率约有70％转化为热功率，所以，在保证压缩机1维持待机的前提下，将电压更多地分配给电加热器R1、R2，以减少损耗。Under the action of gravity, due to the evaporation and heat absorption of the refrigerant in the tube side of the evaporative heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of the heat exchange pipe 22 decreases, and the water with lower temperature and higher density in the shell side of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 sinks , enter the shell side of the main water tank 2 through the auxiliary water tank 3, due to the condensation and heat generation of the refrigerant in the tube side of the main water tank 2, the temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of the heat exchange pipe 21 rises, the shell side of the main water tank 2 is heated, and the water with a lower density floats up , and return to the shell side of the evaporation heat exchanger 6 through the auxiliary water tank 3 to complete the natural convection water cycle. During the natural convection water circulation process, the water exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the tube side in the shell side of the evaporative heat exchanger 6, releases heat, and lowers the temperature; the refrigerant in the shell side of the main water tank 2 and in the tube side The steam undergoes heat exchange, absorbs heat, and the temperature rises, wherein the absorbed heat includes the heat released in the evaporative heat exchanger 6 and the heat converted by the power consumed by the compressor 1; when flowing through the auxiliary water tank 3, the water absorbs With the heat released by the electric heaters R1 and R2 , a part of the heated part floats up, and a part of the unheated part sinks. The closed water circulation process is the process of heating the water in the integrated water tank.The heating power is lessthan the total electric power. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that the compressor 1 remains in standby, more voltage is allocated to the electric heaters R1 and R2 to reduce losses.
所述压缩机(1)、主水箱(2)、节流阀(7)和蒸发换热器(6)以及三通阀(11)构成待机热泵循环系统。其中，蒸发换热器(6)相当于蒸发器，主水箱2相当于冷凝器，蒸发换热器(6)为维持热泵系统待机运行提供热源；主水箱2为维持热泵系统待机运行提供冷源。因为压缩机1处于低压低速运行状态，则制冷剂流量比正常运转低得多，此时，压缩机1采用电阻分压的方式将其电压调节至额定电压的1/3～1/2状态维持运转，电压过低则容易停转。The compressor (1), main water tank (2), throttle valve (7), evaporation heat exchanger (6) and three-way valve (11) constitute a standby heat pump circulation system. Among them, the evaporative heat exchanger (6) is equivalent to an evaporator, the main water tank 2 is equivalent to a condenser, and the evaporative heat exchanger (6) provides a heat source for maintaining the standby operation of the heat pump system; the main water tank 2 provides a cold source for maintaining the standby operation of the heat pump system . Because the compressor 1 is in the low-pressure and low-speed operation state, the refrigerant flow rate is much lower than the normal operation. At this time, the compressor 1 adopts the method of resistive voltage division to adjust its voltage to 1/3~1/2 of the rated voltage to maintain the state. If the voltage is too low, it will easily stop.
热泵热水器不宜长时间处于待机状态，最长以3～5分钟为限。当副水箱3水温达到用户设定上限值例如，65℃时，热泵热水器将启动保护程序自动切断电源。出现这种情况只能说明用户的使用习惯不好，超时限待机不仅不节能，还强制压缩机启停。The heat pump water heater should not be in the standby state for a long time, and the maximum limit is 3 to 5 minutes. When the water temperature of the auxiliary water tank 3 reaches the upper limit set by the user, for example, 65° C., the heat pump water heater will start a protection program to automatically cut off the power supply. The occurrence of this kind of situation only shows that the user's usage habits are not good. The overtime standby not only does not save energy, but also forces the compressor to start and stop.
系统正常运行：The system is running normally:
在水箱水温达到用户设定出水水温例如，(45℃的条件下，开启混水阀O端，水流感应开关14发出热泵热水器进入工作状态的信号，控制电路板发出控制信号导致变化如下：When the water temperature of the water tank reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user, for example, (45°C), the O terminal of the water mixing valve is opened, the water flow sensor switch 14 sends a signal that the heat pump water heater enters the working state, and the control circuit board sends a control signal to cause the changes as follows:
继电器T1断开，继电器T2接通触点p1，电加热器R1、R2串联工作；继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4接通触点p4，压缩机1与电加热器R1、R2并联工作；继电器T3的通断此时还受温度传感器13的控制，若水温持续高于用户设定出水水温，继电器T3就自动断开，使电加热器R1、R2停止工作，反之T3自动接通触点p3。电路切换的结果是压缩机1进入额定电压工作状态，起主要加热作用，电加热器R1、R2功率最低，起辅助加热作用。Relay T1 is disconnected, relay T2 is connected to contact p1 , electric heaters R1 and R2 work in series; relay T3 is connected to contact p3 , relay T4 is connected to contact p4 , compressor 1 Work in parallel with electric heaters R1 and R2 ; the on-off of relay T3 is also controlled by temperature sensor 13 at this time, if the water temperature continues to be higher than the outlet water temperature set by the user, relay T3 will be automatically disconnected to make the electric heater Devices R1 and R2 stop working, otherwise T3 automatically connects to contact p3 . As a result of circuit switching, the compressor 1 enters the working state of the rated voltage and plays the main heating function, and the electric heaters R1 and R2 have the lowest power and play the auxiliary heating function.
三通阀11的a2和b2两端接通；此时，水路是开放的，由供水阀12开始，经过水箱和花洒4，供用户淋浴，使用后通过余热回收器5进行换热，最终进入下水排掉。The two ends of a2 and b2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected; at this time, the waterway is open, starting from the water supply valve 12, passing through the water tank and the shower 4, for users to shower, and after use, heat exchange is performed through the waste heat recovery device 5 , and finally drained into the sewer.
其中，余热回收器5相当于蒸发器，此时，压缩机接近额定功率运行，所以制冷剂流量较大，从余热回收器5吸收大量热量，这些热量来自于淋浴废水，最终，这部分热量在主水箱换热管道21放出，用于给水加热。Among them, the waste heat recovery device 5 is equivalent to the evaporator. At this time, the compressor is running close to the rated power, so the refrigerant flow rate is relatively large, and a large amount of heat is absorbed from the waste heat recovery device 5. The heat comes from the shower waste water. Finally, this part of heat is in the The heat exchange pipe 21 of the main water tank is released for heating the feed water.
系统暂停：System pause:
如果用户在洗浴过程中临时关闭了混水阀O端，热水器将进入到待机状态，与前面所述系统待机状态一致，即：继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4断开；三通阀11的b2和c2两端接通。暂停通常不会持续很久，用户通常会在超过待机时限之前恢复使用，所以在正常使用情况下进入自动保护状态的概率很低很低，即正常情况下，压缩机始终处于工作状态，不会因为频繁启停而造成损害，出现故障的几率也大大降低。If the user temporarily closes the O terminal of the water mixing valve during the bathing process, the water heater will enter the standby state, which is consistent with the standby state of the system mentioned above, that is: the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , and the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , relay T3 is connected to contact p3 , relay T4 is disconnected; both ends of b2 and c2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected. Pause usually does not last long, and users usually resume use before the standby time limit is exceeded, so the probability of entering the automatic protection state under normal use is very low, that is, under normal circumstances, the compressor is always in working state, and will not be caused by Frequent start and stop will cause damage, and the probability of failure is also greatly reduced.
在重力的作用下，蒸发换热器6壳程里温度较低密度较大的水下沉，经副水箱3进入主水箱2壳程，主水箱2壳程里温度较高而密度较小的水上浮，经副水箱3回流到蒸发换热器6壳程完成自然对流水循环。Under the action of gravity, the water with lower temperature and higher density in the shell side of the evaporation heat exchanger 6 sinks, and enters the shell side of the main water tank 2 through the auxiliary water tank 3, and the water with higher temperature and lower density in the shell side of the main water tank 2 The water floats up and flows back through the auxiliary water tank 3 to the shell side of the evaporation heat exchanger 6 to complete the natural convection water cycle.
电加热器R1、R2的电阻值的选择，应考虑其在额定电压下并联工作时的输出功率与压缩机额定功率大致相当，以便保持热泵热水器运行时总功率平稳。同时，电加热器R1、R2并联的阻值略高于压缩机的感生电阻，以便电阻与电机串联时至少可以分压1/2以上，有效降低压缩机功耗。The selection of resistance values of electric heaters R1 and R2 should consider that their output power when working in parallel at rated voltage is roughly equivalent to the rated power of the compressor, so as to keep the total power of the heat pump water heater running smoothly. At the same time, the resistance of electric heaters R1 and R2 connected in parallel is slightly higher than the induction resistance of the compressor, so that when the resistance is connected in series with the motor, the voltage can be divided by at least 1/2, effectively reducing the power consumption of the compressor.
本发明的优点及功效在于：1回收淋浴废水余热作为热源，使得热泵热水器系统不受环境气候影响，可常年稳定运行；2接近即开即热，实时回收利用余热，利用效率与其它方式相比较高，同时避免污水收集导致的各种卫生问题；3解决热泵热水器冷启动和压缩机低功耗待机问题，从而创造了热泵热水器系统即开即热的工作条件，以较低的代价保障了系统核心部件的运行安全，延长使用寿命；4变电阻调功与变频调功方式比较的优点在于：一，成本低一至两个数量级；二，电阻功耗得到有效蓄积和利用，电能利用效率比变频方式高20％～50％。The advantages and effects of the present invention are: 1. The waste heat from shower waste water is recovered as a heat source, so that the heat pump water heater system can operate stably all year round without being affected by the environment and climate; High, while avoiding various sanitary problems caused by sewage collection; 3 Solve the problems of cold start of the heat pump water heater and low power consumption of the compressor, thereby creating a working condition for the heat pump water heater system to be hot when it is turned on, and ensuring the system at a lower cost The operation of the core components is safe and the service life is prolonged; the advantages of the 4 variable resistance power adjustment method compared with the frequency conversion power adjustment method are: 1. The cost is lower by one to two orders of magnitude; way 20% to 50% higher.
【附图说明】【Description of drawings】
图1为本发明热泵热水器结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the heat pump water heater of the present invention.
图2为本发明热泵热水器简化结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the simplified structure of the heat pump water heater of the present invention.
图3为余热回收器结构示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waste heat recovery device.
图4为本发明热泵热水器另一种结构的水箱示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a water tank of another structure of the heat pump water heater of the present invention.
图5为普通盘管式余热回收器结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a common coil type waste heat recovery device.
图中标号说明如下：The symbols in the figure are explained as follows:
1、压缩机； 2、主水箱； 3、副水箱； 4、花洒；1. Compressor; 2. Main water tank; 3. Auxiliary water tank; 4. Shower;
5、余热回收器； 6、蒸发换热器； 7、节流阀； 8、恒温混水阀；5. Waste heat recovery device; 6. Evaporation heat exchanger; 7. Throttle valve; 8. Thermostatic mixing valve;
9、泵； 10、三通阀； 11、三通阀； 12、供水阀；9. Pump; 10. Three-way valve; 11. Three-way valve; 12. Water supply valve;
13、温度传感器； 14、水流感应开关；13. Temperature sensor; 14. Water flow sensor switch;
R1、R2：电加热器； M：压缩机电机； H：热水； C：冷水；R1 , R2 : electric heater; M: compressor motor; H: hot water; C: cold water;
O：出水； T1、T4、T4、T4：继电器；O: water outlet; T1 , T4 , T4 , T4 : relay;
p1、p2、p3、p4：继电器触点； a1、b1、c1、a2、b2、c2：三通阀端口；p1 , p2 , p3 , p4 : relay contacts; a1 , b1 , c1 , a2 , b2 , c2 : three-way valve ports;
301、进水口； 31、41顶面； 30上层体； 32、42底面；301, water inlet; 31, 41 top surface; 30 upper layer body; 32, 42 bottom surface;
33、43前侧面； 34、44后侧面； 35、45侧边面； 37隔离墙；33,43 front side; 34,44 rear side; 35,45 side side; 37 partition wall;
38、上卡合部； 39、连通孔； 40、下层体； 46、下卡合部；38. Upper engaging part; 39. Connecting hole; 40. Lower body; 46. Lower engaging part;
50、500封边盖； 36、47螺孔； 51、固定孔； N、螺丝；50, 500 edge cover; 36, 47 screw holes; 51, fixing hole; N, screw;
20、入水口； 21、主水箱换热管道； 22、蒸发换热器换热管道；20. Water inlet; 21. Main water tank heat exchange pipe; 22. Evaporation heat exchanger heat exchange pipe;
23、副水箱； 24、电加热器； 25、温度传感器；23. Auxiliary water tank; 24. Electric heater; 25. Temperature sensor;
26、出水口； 27、电加热器； 28、盘管式余热回收器；26. Water outlet; 27. Electric heater; 28. Coil type waste heat recovery device;
【具体实施方式】【detailed description】
请参照图1-5所示，本发明一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器，包括压缩机1、主水箱2、副水箱3、花洒4、余热回收器5、蒸发换热器6、节流阀7、恒温混水阀8、泵9、两个三通阀10、11、供水阀12、温度传感器13以及水流感应开关14。Please refer to Figures 1-5, the present invention is a quick-heating type heat pump water heater for recovering shower waste heat, including a compressor 1, a main water tank 2, an auxiliary water tank 3, a shower 4, a waste heat recovery device 5, and an evaporation heat exchanger 6 , throttle valve 7, thermostatic water mixing valve 8, pump 9, two three-way valves 10, 11, water supply valve 12, temperature sensor 13 and water flow sensor switch 14.
如图1所示，它们之间的位置连接关系是：As shown in Figure 1, the position connection relationship between them is:
压缩机1排气端与主水箱2的换热管道入口相连接，换热管道外是水流通道；压缩机1吸气端分别与蒸发换热器6和余热回收器5连接；所述的压缩机1为单相定频压缩机；The exhaust end of the compressor 1 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe of the main water tank 2, and the outside of the heat exchange pipe is a water flow channel; the suction end of the compressor 1 is respectively connected to the evaporative heat exchanger 6 and the waste heat recovery device 5; the compression Machine 1 is a single-phase fixed-frequency compressor;
主水箱2是常见的管壳式换热器，实际上充当了热泵系统的冷凝器，分为管程和壳程，管程是制冷剂流动通道，即换热管道，壳程是水流通道；主水箱2水流通道的出水口与副水箱3的入水口相连接；主水箱2水流通道的入水口通过三通10分别与供水阀12和蒸发换热器6连接；主水箱2换热管道的出口与节流阀7连接；The main water tank 2 is a common shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which actually acts as the condenser of the heat pump system and is divided into a tube side and a shell side. The tube side is the refrigerant flow channel, that is, the heat exchange pipe, and the shell side is the water flow channel; The water outlet of the water flow channel of the main water tank 2 is connected with the water inlet of the auxiliary water tank 3; the water inlet of the water flow channel of the main water tank 2 is connected with the water supply valve 12 and the evaporation heat exchanger 6 respectively through the tee 10; the heat exchange pipe of the main water tank 2 The outlet is connected with the throttle valve 7;
副水箱3是一个容积较小的水罐，内置温度传感器13及两组电加热器R1和R2；副水箱3的出水口通过恒温混水阀8与花洒4相连接；同时，该出水口也与泵9相连接；The auxiliary water tank 3 is a water tank with a small volume, with a built-in temperature sensor 13 and two sets of electric heaters R1 and R2 ; the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank 3 is connected to the shower 4 through a thermostatic mixing valve 8; The water outlet is also connected with the pump 9;
花洒4为淋浴出水设备，为使用者提供适温的水源；The shower 4 is a water outlet device for the shower, providing users with a suitable temperature water source;
如图3所示，余热回收器5的结构包括一上层体30，由金属材质以挤压成型制成的方形体，具有一顶面31、一底面32、一前侧面33、一后侧面34及两相平行的侧边面35，该前侧面33与后侧面34的两末端边分别由该两侧边面35相接连，该底面32上凸设有数条相平行间隔排列的隔离墙37，并在其中一条隔离墙37的末端设有一条上卡合部38，且该每一条隔离墙37的墙面上采交错方式各贯穿有一连通孔39，而在该两侧边面35上分别穿设有一流体入口301及一流体出口(图中未示)；As shown in FIG. 3 , the structure of the waste heat recovery device 5 includes an upper body 30 , which is a square body made of metal material by extrusion molding, and has a top surface 31 , a bottom surface 32 , a front side 33 , and a rear side 34 and two parallel side surfaces 35, the two ends of the front side 33 and the rear side 34 are respectively connected by the two side surfaces 35, and the bottom surface 32 is protruded with several partition walls 37 arranged in parallel and spaced apart, And the end of one of the partition walls 37 is provided with an upper engaging portion 38, and the wall surface of each partition wall 37 is adopted in a staggered manner to run through a communication hole 39, and on the two side surfaces 35, respectively. A fluid inlet 301 and a fluid outlet (not shown in the figure) are provided;
一下层体40，由塑料材质以注塑成型制成的平板，其轮廓形状及面积均与上层体相同，具有一顶面41、一底面42、一前侧面43、一后侧面44及两相平行的侧边面45，该顶面41上相对应于上层体30其中一条隔离墙37的上卡合部38位置处，凸设有一条下卡合部46，与该条隔离墙37的上卡合部38相互穿插后达成彼此固定不分离；及The lower body 40 is a flat plate made of plastic material by injection molding. Its outline shape and area are the same as the upper body. It has a top surface 41, a bottom surface 42, a front side 43, a rear side 44 and two parallel surfaces. The side surface 45 of the top surface 41 corresponds to the position of the upper engaging portion 38 of one of the partition walls 37 of the upper body 30, and a lower engaging portion 46 is convexly provided with the upper engaging portion 46 of the partition wall 37. The joint parts 38 are interpenetrated to achieve mutual fixation and non-separation; and
两封边盖50，分别盖贴于上层体30与下层体40相互组合后的前侧面及后侧面上的平板体，其面积大小将上层体30与下层体40的前侧面及后侧面完全密合封住，并同步在该上层体30的底面32与下层体40的顶面41及各隔离墙37之间形成数条流体流动通道，是制冷剂的流动通道，亦即换热管道；Two edge-sealing covers 50 are covered respectively on the front side and the rear side of the upper body 30 and the lower body 40 after the mutual combination of the plate body. Sealed together, and synchronously form several fluid flow passages between the bottom surface 32 of the upper layer body 30, the top surface 41 of the lower layer body 40 and each partition wall 37, which are the flow passages of the refrigerant, that is, the heat exchange pipes;
该上层体30与下层体40的前侧面与该后侧面上分别设有数个螺孔36、47，且相对应于该上层体30的螺孔与下层体30的螺孔位置的该两封边盖50的板面上，也分别穿设有相同数量的固定孔51，由螺丝N贯穿两封边盖50上各固定孔51，再旋入螺孔后，将上层体与下层体的前侧面及后侧面完全密合封住。The front side and the back side of the upper layer 30 and the lower layer 40 are respectively provided with several screw holes 36, 47, and the two edge seals corresponding to the positions of the screw holes of the upper layer 30 and the screw holes of the lower layer 30 The same number of fixing holes 51 are respectively pierced on the plate surface of the cover 50, and the fixing holes 51 on the two edge sealing covers 50 are penetrated by screws N, and then screwed into the screw holes, the front side of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected. And the rear side is completely sealed.
余热回收器5充当热泵系统的蒸发器，其换热管道出口与压缩机1的吸气端相连接，余热回收器5的换热管道入口通过三通阀11分别与节流阀7和蒸发换热器6的换热管道连接；The waste heat recovery device 5 acts as the evaporator of the heat pump system, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe is connected to the suction end of the compressor 1, and the heat exchange pipe inlet of the waste heat recovery device 5 is respectively connected with the throttle valve 7 and the evaporation exchange through the three-way valve 11. The heat exchange pipe connection of the heater 6;
余热回收器5放置于地面上，在花洒4的正下方，花洒4出水可以直接淋到余热回收器5的上层体金属换热面上，水流经过余热回收器5之后直接进入下水道排出；The waste heat recovery device 5 is placed on the ground, right below the shower head 4, the water from the shower head 4 can directly shower on the metal heat exchange surface of the upper body of the waste heat recovery device 5, and the water flows directly into the sewer after passing through the waste heat recovery device 5;
如图5所示，余热回收器5也可以为盘管式余热回收器；As shown in Figure 5, the waste heat recovery device 5 can also be a coil type waste heat recovery device;
蒸发换热器6是常见的管壳式换热器，在此充当热泵系统的备用蒸发器，分为管程和壳程，管程是制冷剂流动通道，即换热管道，壳程是水流通道；The evaporative heat exchanger 6 is a common shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which serves as a backup evaporator for the heat pump system, and is divided into a tube side and a shell side. The tube side is the refrigerant flow channel, that is, the heat exchange pipe, and the shell side is the water flow aisle;
蒸发换热器6水流通道的入水口通过泵9与副水箱3的出水口相连接，蒸发换热器6水流通道的出水口通过三通阀10分别与供水阀12和主水箱2水流通道的入水口相连接；蒸发换热器6换热管道的入口通过三通阀11分别与节流阀7和余热回收器5相连接，蒸发换热器6换热管道的出口与压缩机1吸气端相连接；The water inlet of the water flow passage of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 is connected with the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank 3 through the pump 9, and the water outlet of the water flow passage of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 is respectively connected with the water supply valve 12 and the water flow passage of the main water tank 2 through the three-way valve 10. The water inlet is connected; the inlet of the heat exchange pipe of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 is respectively connected with the throttle valve 7 and the waste heat recovery device 5 through the three-way valve 11, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 is connected with the compressor 1 for suction terminal connection;
节流阀7的作用是通过节流效应将主水箱2换热管道中的压力和温度均相对较高的液态制冷剂转变为压力和温度均相对较低的液态制冷剂，同时通过三通阀11回流至蒸发换热器6或者余热回收器5的换热管道；The role of the throttle valve 7 is to transform the liquid refrigerant with relatively high pressure and temperature in the heat exchange pipe of the main water tank 2 into a liquid refrigerant with relatively low pressure and temperature through the throttling effect, and at the same time pass through the three-way valve 11 return to the heat exchange pipe of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 or the waste heat recovery device 5;
恒温混水阀8包括C、H和O三个端口，作用是将供水阀12提供的冷水与副水箱3提供的热水按不同比例混合以保持出水温度与用户设定温度一致；The thermostatic water mixing valve 8 includes three ports C, H and O, and its function is to mix the cold water provided by the water supply valve 12 with the hot water provided by the auxiliary water tank 3 in different proportions to keep the outlet water temperature consistent with the temperature set by the user;
泵9的作用是将水从副水箱3至蒸发换热器6，再至主水箱2，最后回流至副水箱3的闭合循环动力；The function of the pump 9 is to transfer water from the auxiliary water tank 3 to the evaporative heat exchanger 6, then to the main water tank 2, and finally return to the closed cycle power of the auxiliary water tank 3;
三通阀10包括a1、b1、c1三个端口；The three-way valve 10 includes three ports a1 , b1 , and c1 ;
三通阀11包括a2、b2、c2三个端口；The three-way valve 11 includes three ports a2 , b2 , and c2 ;
三通阀10、11的作用是连通各条管路并起到切换管路的作用；The function of the three-way valves 10 and 11 is to connect each pipeline and play the role of switching pipelines;
电路系统，包括电源、继电器T1、T2、T3、T4及电机M；电源为220V交流电，继电器T1、T2、T3、T4可以是固态继电器、电磁继电器或者磁簧继电器，其作用是连通或断开电路；电机M即为压缩机的驱动电机，其中包括了启动电容电路。Circuit system, including power supply, relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and motor M; power supply is 220V AC, and relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 can be solid state relays, electromagnetic relays or reed relays , its function is to connect or disconnect the circuit; the motor M is the driving motor of the compressor, which includes the starting capacitor circuit.
控制电路板(图中未示)，是用于自动控制继电器T1、T2、T3、T4、三通阀10、11、泵9和电机M的集成电路，它根据副水箱3内置的温度传感器13以及水流感应开关14发出的电信号判断热泵热水器工作状态并输出控制信号。The control circuit board (not shown in the figure) is an integrated circuit for automatic control of relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , three-way valves 10, 11, pump 9 and motor M, and it is built according to the auxiliary water tank 3 The electric signal sent by the temperature sensor 13 and the water flow sensor switch 14 judges the working state of the heat pump water heater and outputs a control signal.
水流通道上游设有供水阀12。A water supply valve 12 is arranged upstream of the water flow channel.
一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器的运行方法，详述如下：A method for operating a fast-heating heat pump water heater that recovers waste heat from a shower, detailed as follows:
系统预热：System warm up:
用户控制开关接通电源，恒温混水阀8O端处于关闭状态，继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4断开，电加热器R1、R2并联工作，副水箱3内水温开始上升。副水箱3内置温度传感器，当水温达到用户设定出水水温例如45℃时，将报警提示用户进入待机状态，同时压缩机1启动。电加热器R1、R2的阻值均为40欧姆。The user control switch is powered on, the 8O end of the thermostatic mixing valve is in the closed state, the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , the relay T3 is connected to the contact p3 , and the relay T4 disconnected, the electric heaters R1 and R2 work in parallel, and the water temperature in the auxiliary water tank 3 begins to rise. The auxiliary water tank 3 has a built-in temperature sensor. When the water temperature reaches the user's set outlet water temperature such as 45° C., an alarm will be given to remind the user to enter the standby state, and the compressor 1 will start at the same time. The resistance values of the electric heaters R1 and R2 are both 40 ohms.
本发明所选用的压缩机型号为2V32S225A-2.5P，但不局限于该型号的压缩机，市场上其他型号的压缩机均可使用在本申请案中。The model of the compressor used in the present invention is 2V32S225A-2.5P, but it is not limited to this model of compressor, and other models of compressors on the market can be used in this application.
当完成开机预热，副水箱3内的水温达到用户设定出水水温后，压缩机1将开始启动。启动时，继电器T1、T2、T3皆断开，电加热器R1、R2断电，继电器T4接通触点p4，压缩机1通电开始工作。如果压缩机1启动后，恒温混水阀8O端未开启，热泵热水器将自动进入待机状态。When the start-up preheating is completed and the water temperature in the auxiliary water tank 3 reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user, the compressor 1 will start. When starting, the relays T1 , T2 and T3 are all disconnected, the electric heaters R1 and R2 are de-energized, the relay T4 is connected to the contact p4 , and the compressor 1 is energized to start working. If after the compressor 1 is started, the thermostatic water mixing valve 80 end is not opened, and the heat pump water heater will automatically enter the standby state.
系统待机：System standby:
恒温混水阀8O端处于关闭状态，继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，电加热器R1、R2并联工作；继电器T3接通触点p4，继电器T4断开，压缩机1与电加热器R1、R2串联工作，压缩机1电压降低，电流减小，输出功率降低；三通阀10的b1和c1两端接通；三通阀11的b2和c2两端接通；泵9启动。The 8O terminal of the thermostatic water mixing valve is in the closed state, the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , the electric heaters R1 and R2 are connected in parallel; the relay T3 is connected to the contact p4 , the relay T4 is disconnected, the compressor1 and the electric heater R1, R2 work in series, the voltage of the compressor 1 decreases, the current decreases, and the output power decreases; the two endsof b1 and c1of the three-way valve 10 are connected; threeThe b2 and c2 ends of the through valve11 are connected; the pump 9 starts.
在泵9的作用下，副水箱3中的水经过泵9进入蒸发换热器6壳程，再通过三通阀10进入主水箱2壳程，最后回到副水箱3完成闭合水循环。在闭合水循环过程中，水在蒸发换热器6的壳程中与管程内的制冷剂发生热交换，放出热量，温度降低；在主水箱2壳程中与管程内的制冷剂蒸气发生热交换，吸收热量，温度升高，其中所吸收的热量包括在蒸发换热器6中释放的热量以及压缩机1所耗电功转换的热量；在副水箱3中，水吸收电加热器R1、R2释放的热量，温度进一步升高。闭合水循环过程是对副水箱3的水进行加热的过程，加热功率小于总电功率，电加热器R1、R2的电功率100％转化为热功率，而电机M的电功率约有70％转化为热功率，所以，在保证压缩机1维持待机的前提下，将电压更多地分配给电加热器R1、R2，以减少损耗。Under the action of the pump 9, the water in the auxiliary water tank 3 enters the shell side of the evaporation heat exchanger 6 through the pump 9, then enters the shell side of the main water tank 2 through the three-way valve 10, and finally returns to the auxiliary water tank 3 to complete the closed water cycle. In the closed water cycle process, the water exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the tube side in the shell side of the evaporative heat exchanger 6, releases heat, and lowers the temperature; Heat exchange, heat absorption, temperature rise, wherein the absorbed heat includes the heat released in the evaporative heat exchanger 6 and the heat converted by the power consumed by the compressor 1; in the auxiliary water tank 3, the water absorbs the electric heater R1. The heat released by R2 further increases the temperature. The closed water circulation process is the process of heating the water in the auxiliary water tank 3, the heating power is less than the total electric power, 100% of the electric power of the electric heaters R1 and R2 is converted into heat power, and about 70% of the electric power of the motor M is converted into heat Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that the compressor 1 remains in standby, more voltage is distributed to the electric heaters R1 and R2 to reduce losses.
所述压缩机(1)、主水箱(2)、节流阀(7)和蒸发换热器(6)以及三通阀(11)构成待机热泵循环系统。其中，蒸发换热器(6)相当于蒸发器，主水箱2相当于冷凝器，蒸发换热器(6)为维持热泵系统待机运行提供热源；主水箱2为维持热泵系统待机运行提供冷源。因为压缩机1处于低压低速运行状态，则制冷剂流量比正常运转低得多，此时，压缩机1采用电阻分压的方式将其电压调节至额定电压的1/3～1/2状态维持运转，电压过低则容易停转。The compressor (1), main water tank (2), throttle valve (7), evaporation heat exchanger (6) and three-way valve (11) constitute a standby heat pump circulation system. Among them, the evaporative heat exchanger (6) is equivalent to an evaporator, the main water tank 2 is equivalent to a condenser, and the evaporative heat exchanger (6) provides a heat source for maintaining the standby operation of the heat pump system; the main water tank 2 provides a cold source for maintaining the standby operation of the heat pump system . Because the compressor 1 is in the low-pressure and low-speed operation state, the refrigerant flow rate is much lower than the normal operation. At this time, the compressor 1 adopts the method of resistive voltage division to adjust its voltage to 1/3~1/2 of the rated voltage to maintain the state. If the voltage is too low, it will easily stop.
热泵热水器不宜长时间处于待机状态，最长以3～5分钟为限。当副水箱3水温达到用户设定上限值例如，(65℃)时，热泵热水器将启动保护程序自动切断电源。出现这种情况只能说明用户的使用习惯不好，超时限待机不仅不节能，还强制压缩机启停。The heat pump water heater should not be in the standby state for a long time, and the maximum limit is 3 to 5 minutes. When the auxiliary water tank 3 water temperature reaches the upper limit set by the user, for example, (65°C), the heat pump water heater will start a protection program to automatically cut off the power supply. The occurrence of this kind of situation only shows that the user's usage habits are not good. The overtime standby not only does not save energy, but also forces the compressor to start and stop.
系统正常运行：The system is running normally:
在副水箱3水温达到用户设定出水水温例如，(45℃)的条件下，开启混水阀O端，水流感应开关14发出热泵热水器进入工作状态的信号，控制电路板发出控制信号导致变化如下：When the water temperature of the auxiliary water tank 3 reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user (for example, 45°C), the O terminal of the water mixing valve is opened, the water flow sensor switch 14 sends a signal that the heat pump water heater enters the working state, and the control circuit board sends a control signal to cause the changes as follows :
继电器T1断开，继电器T2接通触点p1，电加热器R1、R2串联工作；继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4接通触点p4，压缩机1与电加热器R1、R2并联工作；继电器T3的通断此时还受温度传感器13的控制，若水温持续高于用户设定出水水温，继电器T3就自动断开，使电加热器R1、R2停止工作，反之T3自动接通触点p3。电路切换的结果是压缩机1进入额定电压工作状态，起主要加热作用，电加热器R1、R2功率最低，起辅助加热作用。Relay T1 is disconnected, relay T2 is connected to contact p1 , electric heaters R1 and R2 work in series; relay T3 is connected to contact p3 , relay T4 is connected to contact p4 , compressor 1 Work in parallel with electric heaters R1 and R2 ; the on-off of relay T3 is also controlled by temperature sensor 13 at this time, if the water temperature continues to be higher than the outlet water temperature set by the user, relay T3 will be automatically disconnected to make the electric heater Devices R1 and R2 stop working, otherwise T3 automatically connects to contact p3 . As a result of circuit switching, the compressor 1 enters the working state of the rated voltage and plays the main heating function, and the electric heaters R1 and R2 have the lowest power and play the auxiliary heating function.
三通阀10的a1和b1两端接通；三通阀11的a2和b2两端接通；泵9停止运行。此时，水路是开放的，由供水阀12开始，经过主水箱2、副水箱3、花洒4，供用户淋浴，使用后通过余热回收器5进行换热，最终进入下水排掉。压缩机1、主水箱2、节流阀7和余热回收器5以及三通阀11构成工作热泵循环系统。The two ends of a1 and b1 of the three-way valve 10 are connected; the two ends of a2 and b2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected; the pump 9 stops running. At this time, the waterway is open, starting from the water supply valve 12, passing through the main water tank 2, the auxiliary water tank 3, and the shower 4, for users to shower, after use, heat exchange is performed through the waste heat recovery device 5, and finally enters the sewer to be drained. The compressor 1, the main water tank 2, the throttle valve 7, the waste heat recovery device 5 and the three-way valve 11 form a working heat pump circulation system.
其中，余热回收器5相当于蒸发器，主水箱2相当于冷凝器。此时，压缩机接近额定功率运行，所以制冷剂流量较大，从余热回收器5吸收大量热量，这些热量来自于淋浴废水，最终，这部分热量在主水箱2放出，用于给水加热。Wherein, the waste heat recovery device 5 is equivalent to an evaporator, and the main water tank 2 is equivalent to a condenser. At this time, the compressor is running close to the rated power, so the refrigerant flow rate is relatively large, absorbing a large amount of heat from the waste heat recovery device 5, which comes from the shower waste water, and finally, this part of heat is released in the main water tank 2 for heating water.
系统暂停：System pause:
如果用户在洗浴过程中临时关闭了混水阀O端，热水器将进入到待机状态，与前面所述系统待机状态一致，即：继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4断开；三通阀10的b1和c1两端接通；三通阀11的b2和c2两端接通；泵9启动。暂停通常不会持续很久，用户通常会在超过待机时限之前恢复使用，所以在正常使用情况下进入自动保护状态的概率很低很低，即正常情况下，压缩机始终处于工作状态，不会因为频繁启停而造成损害，出现故障的几率也大大降低。If the user temporarily closes the O terminal of the water mixing valve during the bathing process, the water heater will enter the standby state, which is consistent with the standby state of the system mentioned above, that is: the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , and the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , relay T3 is connected to contact p3 , relay T4 is disconnected; the two ends of b1 and c1 of the three-way valve 10 are connected; the two ends of b2 and c2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected; the pump 9 start. Pause usually does not last long, and users usually resume use before the standby time limit is exceeded, so the probability of entering the automatic protection state under normal use is very low, that is, under normal circumstances, the compressor is always in working state, and will not be caused by Frequent start and stop will cause damage, and the probability of failure is also greatly reduced.
电加热器R1、R2的电阻值的选择，应考虑其在额定电压下并联工作时的输出功率与压缩机额定功率大致相当，以便保持热泵热水器运行时总功率平稳。同时，电加热器R1、R2并联的阻值略高于压缩机的感生电阻，以便电阻与电机串联时至少可以分压1/2以上，有效降低压缩机功耗。The selection of resistance values of electric heaters R1 and R2 should consider that their output power when working in parallel at rated voltage is roughly equivalent to the rated power of the compressor, so as to keep the total power of the heat pump water heater running smoothly. At the same time, the resistance of electric heaters R1 and R2 connected in parallel is slightly higher than the induction resistance of the compressor, so that when the resistance is connected in series with the motor, the voltage can be divided by at least 1/2, effectively reducing the power consumption of the compressor.
如图2和4所示，本发明一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器的一种简化结构包括：压缩机1、主水箱2、副水箱3、花洒4、余热回收器5、蒸发换热器6、节流阀7、恒温混水阀8、三通阀11、供水阀12、温度传感器13以及水流感应开关14。As shown in Figures 2 and 4, a simplified structure of a quick heat pump water heater for recovering shower waste heat according to the present invention includes: a compressor 1, a main water tank 2, an auxiliary water tank 3, a shower 4, a waste heat recovery device 5, an evaporation Heat exchanger 6, throttle valve 7, thermostatic water mixing valve 8, three-way valve 11, water supply valve 12, temperature sensor 13 and water flow sensor switch 14.
该简化结构与之前所述的热泵热水器结构主要区别在于，将主水箱、副水箱和蒸发换热器进行了一体化设计，组成了新的水箱，该水箱包括：入水口20、主水箱换热管道21、蒸发换热器换热管道22、副水箱23、电加热器24、27、温度传感器25及出水口26。换热管道外是水流通道，如图2和图4所示。The main difference between this simplified structure and the heat pump water heater structure described above is that the main water tank, auxiliary water tank and evaporative heat exchanger are integrated to form a new water tank. The water tank includes: water inlet 20, main water tank heat exchange Pipeline 21, evaporative heat exchanger heat exchange pipe 22, auxiliary water tank 23, electric heater 24, 27, temperature sensor 25 and water outlet 26. Outside the heat exchange pipe is a water flow channel, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 .
它们之间的位置连接关系是：The position connection relationship between them is:
压缩机1排气端与主水箱换热管道21入口相连接，压缩机1吸气端分别与蒸发换热器换热管道22出口和余热回收器5连接；所述的压缩机1为单相定频压缩机；The exhaust end of the compressor 1 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe 21 of the main water tank, and the suction end of the compressor 1 is respectively connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipe 22 of the evaporative heat exchanger and the waste heat recovery device 5; the compressor 1 is single-phase fixed frequency compressor;
主水箱换热管道21的出口与节流阀7连接；The outlet of the heat exchange pipeline 21 of the main water tank is connected with the throttle valve 7;
花洒4为淋浴出水设备，为使用者提供适温的水源；The shower 4 is a water outlet device for the shower, providing users with a suitable temperature water source;
如图3所示，余热回收器5的结构包括一上层体30，由金属材质以挤压成型制成的方形体，具有一顶面31、一底面32、一前侧面33、一后侧面34及两相平行的侧边面35，该前侧面33与后侧面34的两末端边分别由该两侧边面35相接连，该底面32上凸设有数条相平行间隔排列的隔离墙37，并在其中一条隔离墙37的末端设有一条上卡合部38，且该每一条隔离墙37的墙面上采交错方式各贯穿有一连通孔39，而在该两侧边面35上分别穿设有一流体入口301及一流体出口(图中未示)；As shown in FIG. 3 , the structure of the waste heat recovery device 5 includes an upper body 30 , which is a square body made of metal material by extrusion molding, and has a top surface 31 , a bottom surface 32 , a front side 33 , and a rear side 34 and two parallel side surfaces 35, the two ends of the front side 33 and the rear side 34 are respectively connected by the two side surfaces 35, and the bottom surface 32 is protruded with several partition walls 37 arranged in parallel and spaced apart, And the end of one of the partition walls 37 is provided with an upper engaging portion 38, and the wall surface of each partition wall 37 is adopted in a staggered manner to run through a communication hole 39, and on the two side surfaces 35, respectively. A fluid inlet 301 and a fluid outlet (not shown in the figure) are provided;
一下层体40，由塑料材质以注塑成型制成的平板，其轮廓形状及面积均与上层体相同，具有一顶面41、一底面42、一前侧面43、一后侧面44及两相平行的侧边面45，该顶面41上相对应于上层体30其中一条隔离墙37的上卡合部38位置处，凸设有一条下卡合部46，与该条隔离墙37的上卡合部38相互穿插后达成彼此固定不分离；及The lower body 40 is a flat plate made of plastic material by injection molding. Its outline shape and area are the same as the upper body. It has a top surface 41, a bottom surface 42, a front side 43, a rear side 44 and two parallel surfaces. The side surface 45 of the top surface 41 corresponds to the position of the upper engaging portion 38 of one of the partition walls 37 of the upper body 30, and a lower engaging portion 46 is convexly provided with the upper engaging portion 46 of the partition wall 37. The joint parts 38 are interpenetrated to achieve mutual fixation and non-separation; and
两封边盖50，分别盖贴于上层体30与下层体40相互组合后的前侧面及后侧面上的平板体，其面积大小将上层体30与下层体40的前侧面及后侧面完全密合封住，并同步在该上层体30的底面32与下层体40的顶面41及各隔离墙37之间形成数条流体流动通道，是制冷剂的流动通道，亦即换热管道；Two edge-sealing covers 50 are covered respectively on the front side and the rear side of the upper body 30 and the lower body 40 after the mutual combination of the plate body. Sealed together, and synchronously form several fluid flow passages between the bottom surface 32 of the upper layer body 30, the top surface 41 of the lower layer body 40 and each partition wall 37, which are the flow passages of the refrigerant, that is, the heat exchange pipes;
该上层体30与下层体40的前侧面与该后侧面上分别设有数个螺孔36、47，且相对应于该上层体30的螺孔与下层体30的螺孔位置的该两封边盖50的板面上，也分别穿设有相同数量的固定孔51，由螺丝N贯穿两封边盖50上各固定孔51，再旋入螺孔后，将上层体与下层体的前侧面及后侧面完全密合封住。The front side and the back side of the upper layer 30 and the lower layer 40 are respectively provided with several screw holes 36, 47, and the two edge seals corresponding to the positions of the screw holes of the upper layer 30 and the screw holes of the lower layer 30 The same number of fixing holes 51 are respectively pierced on the plate surface of the cover 50, and the fixing holes 51 on the two edge sealing covers 50 are penetrated by screws N, and then screwed into the screw holes, the front side of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected. And the rear side is completely sealed.
余热回收器5充当热泵系统的蒸发器，其换热管道出口与压缩机1的吸气端相连接，余热回收器5的换热管道入口通过三通阀11分别与节流阀7和蒸发换热器换热管道22连接；The waste heat recovery device 5 acts as the evaporator of the heat pump system, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe is connected to the suction end of the compressor 1, and the heat exchange pipe inlet of the waste heat recovery device 5 is respectively connected with the throttle valve 7 and the evaporation exchange through the three-way valve 11. Heater heat exchange pipeline 22 is connected;
余热回收器5放置于地面上，在花洒4的正下方，花洒4出水可以直接淋到余热回收器5的上层体金属换热面上，水流经过余热回收器5之后直接进入下水道排出；The waste heat recovery device 5 is placed on the ground, right below the shower head 4, the water from the shower head 4 can directly shower on the metal heat exchange surface of the upper body of the waste heat recovery device 5, and the water flows directly into the sewer after passing through the waste heat recovery device 5;
如图5所示，余热回收器5也可以为盘管式余热回收器；As shown in Figure 5, the waste heat recovery device 5 can also be a coil type waste heat recovery device;
蒸发换热器换热管道22的入口通过三通阀11分别与节流阀7和余热回收器5相连接，蒸发换热器换热管道22的出口与压缩机1吸气端相连接；The inlet of the heat exchange pipe 22 of the evaporator heat exchanger is connected to the throttle valve 7 and the waste heat recovery device 5 through the three-way valve 11, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe 22 of the evaporator heat exchanger is connected to the suction end of the compressor 1;
节流阀7的作用是通过节流效应将主水箱换热管道21中的压力和温度均相对较高的液态制冷剂转变为压力和温度均相对较低的液态制冷剂；The function of the throttle valve 7 is to transform the liquid refrigerant with relatively high pressure and temperature in the heat exchange pipe 21 of the main water tank into a liquid refrigerant with relatively low pressure and temperature through the throttling effect;
恒温混水阀8包括C、H和O三个端口，作用是将供水阀12提供的冷水与水箱提供的热水按不同比例混合以保持出水温度与用户设定温度一致；The thermostatic water mixing valve 8 includes three ports C, H and O, and its function is to mix the cold water provided by the water supply valve 12 with the hot water provided by the water tank in different proportions to keep the outlet water temperature consistent with the temperature set by the user;
三通阀11包括a2、b2、c2三个端口；作用是连通各条管路并起到切换管路的作用；The three-way valve 11 includes three ports a2 , b2 , and c2 ; the function is to connect various pipelines and play the role of switching pipelines;
水流通道上游设有供水阀12，一路与水箱入水口连接，另一路与恒温混水阀8连接；水箱出水口与水流感应开关14连接。A water supply valve 12 is provided upstream of the water flow channel, one of which is connected to the water inlet of the water tank, and the other is connected to the thermostatic water mixing valve 8; the water outlet of the water tank is connected to the water flow sensor switch 14.
电路系统，包括电源、继电器T1、T2、T3、T4及电机M；电源为220V交流电，继电器T1、T2、T3、T4可以是固态继电器、电磁继电器或者磁簧继电器，其作用是连通或断开电路；电机M即为压缩机的驱动电机，其中包括了启动电容电路。Circuit system, including power supply, relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and motor M; power supply is 220V AC, and relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 can be solid state relays, electromagnetic relays or reed relays , its function is to connect or disconnect the circuit; the motor M is the driving motor of the compressor, which includes the starting capacitor circuit.
控制电路板(图中未示)，是用于自动控制继电器T1、T2、T3、T4、三通阀11和电机M的集成电路，它根据温度传感器13、25以及水流感应开关14发出的电信号判断热泵热水器工作状态并输出控制信号。The control circuit board (not shown in the figure) is an integrated circuit for automatic control of relays T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , three-way valve 11 and motor M, which is based on temperature sensors 13, 25 and water flow sensor switches The electrical signal sent by 14 judges the working state of the heat pump water heater and outputs a control signal.
该结构中取消了泵和一个三通，这样做的好处是：1、降低成产成本；2、降低热泵热水器的故障率，延长其工作寿命。3、结构简单，便于一体化安装。4、不启动压缩机，只用加热器，形成自然对流，加热速度快。In this structure, the pump and a tee are canceled, and the benefits of doing this are: 1. Reduce the production cost; 2. Reduce the failure rate of the heat pump water heater and prolong its working life. 3. Simple structure, easy for integrated installation. 4. Do not start the compressor, only use the heater to form natural convection, and the heating speed is fast.
一种回收淋浴废热的速热型热泵热水器的一种简化结构的运行方法，详述如下：A simplified structure operation method of a quick-heating heat pump water heater that recovers waste heat from showers is described in detail as follows:
系统预热：System warm up:
用户控制开关接通电源，恒温混水阀8O端处于关闭状态，继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4断开，电加热器R1、R2并联工作，水箱内水温开始上升。当水温达到用户设定出水水温例如，(45℃)时，温度传感器报警提示。电加热器R1、R2的阻值均为40欧姆。本发明所选用的压缩机型号为2V32S225A-2.5P，但不局限于该型号的压缩机，市场上其他型号的压缩机均可使用在本申请案中。The user control switch is powered on, the 8O end of the thermostatic mixing valve is in the closed state, the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , the relay T3 is connected to the contact p3 , and the relay T4 Disconnect, the electric heaters R1 and R2 work in parallel, and the water temperature in the water tank begins to rise. When the water temperature reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user, for example, (45°C), the temperature sensor will give an alarm. The resistance values of the electric heaters R1 and R2 are both 40 ohms. The model of the compressor used in the present invention is 2V32S225A-2.5P, but it is not limited to this model of compressor, and other models of compressors on the market can be used in this application.
用户进入待机状态，同时压缩机1启动。The user enters the standby state, and the compressor 1 starts at the same time.
当完成开机预热，水箱内的水温达到用户设定出水水温后，压缩机1将开始启动。启动时，继电器T1、T2、T3皆断开，电加热器R1、R2断电，继电器T4接通触点p4，压缩机1通电开始工作。如果压缩机1启动后，恒温混水阀8O端未开启，热泵热水器将自动进入待机状态。When the start-up preheating is completed and the water temperature in the water tank reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user, the compressor 1 will start to start. When starting, the relays T1 , T2 and T3 are all disconnected, the electric heaters R1 and R2 are de-energized, the relay T4 is connected to the contact p4 , and the compressor 1 is energized to start working. If after the compressor 1 is started, the thermostatic water mixing valve 80 end is not opened, and the heat pump water heater will automatically enter the standby state.
系统待机：System standby:
恒温混水阀8O端处于关闭状态，继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，电加热器R1、R2并联工作；继电器T3接通触点p4，继电器T4断开，压缩机1与电加热器R1、R2串联工作，压缩机1电压降低，电流减小，输出功率降低；三通阀11的b2和c2两端接通。The 8O terminal of the thermostatic water mixing valve is in the closed state, the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , the electric heaters R1 and R2 are connected in parallel; the relay T3 is connected to the contact p4 , the relay T4 is disconnected, the compressor1 works in series with the electric heaters R1 and R2, the voltage of the compressor 1 decreases, the current decreases, and the output power decreases; the twoends of b2 and c2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected.
在重力的作用下，由于蒸发换热器6管程内制冷工质蒸发吸热，导致换热管道22内外表面温度降低，蒸发换热器6壳程里温度较低密度较大的水下沉，经副水箱3进入主水箱2壳程，由于主水箱2管程内制冷工质冷凝发热，导致换热管道21内外表面温度升高，主水箱2壳程被加热而密度较小的水上浮，经副水箱3回流到蒸发换热器6壳程完成自然对流水循环。在自然对流水循环过程中，水在蒸发换热器6的壳程中与管程内的制冷剂发生热交换，放出热量，温度降低；在主水箱2壳程中与管程内的制冷剂蒸气发生热交换，吸收热量，温度升高，其中所吸收的热量包括在蒸发换热器6中释放的热量以及压缩机1所耗电功转换的热量；在流经副水箱3时，水吸收电加热器R1、R2释放的热量，一部分被加热的则上浮，一部分未被加热的则下沉。闭合水循环过程是对一体化水箱内的水进行加热的过程，加热功率小于总电功率，电加热器R1、R2的电功率100％转化为热功率，而电机M的电功率约有70％转化为热功率，所以，在保证压缩机1维持待机的前提下，将电压更多地分配给电加热器R1、R2，以减少损耗。Under the action of gravity, due to the evaporation and heat absorption of the refrigerant in the tube side of the evaporative heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of the heat exchange pipe 22 decreases, and the water with lower temperature and higher density in the shell side of the evaporative heat exchanger 6 sinks , enter the shell side of the main water tank 2 through the auxiliary water tank 3, due to the condensation and heat generation of the refrigerant in the tube side of the main water tank 2, the temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of the heat exchange pipe 21 rises, the shell side of the main water tank 2 is heated, and the water with a lower density floats up , and return to the shell side of the evaporation heat exchanger 6 through the auxiliary water tank 3 to complete the natural convection water cycle. During the natural convection water circulation process, the water exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the tube side in the shell side of the evaporative heat exchanger 6, releases heat, and lowers the temperature; the refrigerant in the shell side of the main water tank 2 and in the tube side The steam undergoes heat exchange, absorbs heat, and the temperature rises, wherein the absorbed heat includes the heat released in the evaporative heat exchanger 6 and the heat converted by the power consumed by the compressor 1; when flowing through the auxiliary water tank 3, the water absorbs With the heat released by the electric heaters R1 and R2 , a part of the heated part floats up, and a part of the unheated part sinks. The closed water circulation process is the process of heating the water in the integrated water tank.The heating power is lessthan the total electric power. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that the compressor 1 remains in standby, more voltage is allocated to the electric heaters R1 and R2 to reduce losses.
所述压缩机(1)、主水箱(2)、节流阀(7)和蒸发换热器(6)以及三通阀(11)构成待机热泵循环系统。其中，蒸发换热器(6)相当于蒸发器，主水箱2相当于冷凝器，蒸发换热器(6)为维持热泵系统待机运行提供热源；主水箱2为维持热泵系统待机运行提供冷源。因为压缩机1处于低压低速运行状态，则制冷剂流量比正常运转低得多，此时，压缩机1采用电阻分压的方式将其电压调节至额定电压的1/3～1/2状态维持运转，电压过低则容易停转。The compressor (1), main water tank (2), throttle valve (7), evaporation heat exchanger (6) and three-way valve (11) constitute a standby heat pump circulation system. Among them, the evaporative heat exchanger (6) is equivalent to an evaporator, the main water tank 2 is equivalent to a condenser, and the evaporative heat exchanger (6) provides a heat source for maintaining the standby operation of the heat pump system; the main water tank 2 provides a cold source for maintaining the standby operation of the heat pump system . Because the compressor 1 is in the low-pressure and low-speed operation state, the refrigerant flow rate is much lower than the normal operation. At this time, the compressor 1 adopts the method of resistive voltage division to adjust its voltage to 1/3~1/2 of the rated voltage to maintain the state. If the voltage is too low, it will easily stop.
热泵热水器不宜长时间处于待机状态，最长以3～5分钟为限。当副水箱3水温达到用户设定上限值例如，(65℃)时，热泵热水器将启动保护程序自动切断电源。出现这种情况只能说明用户的使用习惯不好，超时限待机不仅不节能，还强制压缩机启停。The heat pump water heater should not be in the standby state for a long time, and the maximum limit is 3 to 5 minutes. When the auxiliary water tank 3 water temperature reaches the upper limit set by the user, for example, (65°C), the heat pump water heater will start a protection program to automatically cut off the power supply. The occurrence of this kind of situation only shows that the user's usage habits are not good. The overtime standby not only does not save energy, but also forces the compressor to start and stop.
系统正常运行：The system is running normally:
在水箱水温达到用户设定出水水温例如，(45℃)的条件下，开启混水阀O端，水流感应开关14发出热泵热水器进入工作状态的信号，控制电路板发出控制信号导致变化如下：When the water temperature of the water tank reaches the outlet water temperature set by the user (for example, 45°C), the O terminal of the water mixing valve is opened, the water flow sensor switch 14 sends a signal that the heat pump water heater enters the working state, and the control circuit board sends a control signal to cause the changes as follows:
继电器T1断开，继电器T2接通触点p1，电加热器R1、R2串联工作；继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4接通触点p4，压缩机1与电加热器R1、R2并联工作；继电器T3的通断此时还受温度传感器13的控制，若水温持续高于用户设定出水水温，继电器T3就自动断开，使电加热器R1、R2停止工作，反之T3自动接通触点p3。电路切换的结果是压缩机1进入额定电压工作状态，起主要加热作用，电加热器R1、R2功率最低，起辅助加热作用。Relay T1 is disconnected, relay T2 is connected to contact p1 , electric heaters R1 and R2 work in series; relay T3 is connected to contact p3 , relay T4 is connected to contact p4 , compressor 1 Work in parallel with electric heaters R1 and R2 ; the on-off of relay T3 is also controlled by temperature sensor 13 at this time, if the water temperature continues to be higher than the outlet water temperature set by the user, relay T3 will be automatically disconnected to make the electric heater Devices R1 and R2 stop working, otherwise T3 automatically connects to contact p3 . As a result of circuit switching, the compressor 1 enters the working state of the rated voltage and plays the main heating function, and the electric heaters R1 and R2 have the lowest power and play the auxiliary heating function.
三通阀11的a2和b2两端接通；此时，水路是开放的，由供水阀12开始，经过水箱和花洒4，供用户淋浴，使用后通过余热回收器5进行换热，最终进入下水排掉。The two ends of a2 and b2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected; at this time, the waterway is open, starting from the water supply valve 12, passing through the water tank and the shower 4, for users to shower, and after use, heat exchange is performed through the waste heat recovery device 5 , and finally drained into the sewer.
其中，余热回收器5相当于蒸发器，此时，压缩机接近额定功率运行，所以制冷剂流量较大，从余热回收器5吸收大量热量，这些热量来自于淋浴废水，最终，这部分热量在主水箱换热管道21放出，用于给水加热。Among them, the waste heat recovery device 5 is equivalent to the evaporator. At this time, the compressor is running close to the rated power, so the refrigerant flow rate is relatively large, and a large amount of heat is absorbed from the waste heat recovery device 5. The heat comes from the shower waste water. Finally, this part of heat is in the The heat exchange pipe 21 of the main water tank is released for heating the feed water.
系统暂停：System pause:
如果用户在洗浴过程中临时关闭了混水阀O端，热水器将进入到待机状态，与前面所述系统待机状态一致，即：继电器T1接通触点p1，继电器T2接通触点p2，继电器T3接通触点p3，继电器T4断开；三通阀11的b2和c2两端接通。暂停通常不会持续很久，用户通常会在超过待机时限之前恢复使用，所以在正常使用情况下进入自动保护状态的概率很低很低，即正常情况下，压缩机始终处于工作状态，不会因为频繁启停而造成损害，出现故障的几率也大大降低。If the user temporarily closes the O terminal of the water mixing valve during the bathing process, the water heater will enter the standby state, which is consistent with the standby state of the system mentioned above, that is: the relay T1 is connected to the contact p1 , and the relay T2 is connected to the contact p2 , relay T3 is connected to contact p3 , relay T4 is disconnected; both ends of b2 and c2 of the three-way valve 11 are connected. Pause usually does not last long, and users usually resume use before the standby time limit is exceeded, so the probability of entering the automatic protection state under normal use is very low, that is, under normal circumstances, the compressor is always in working state, and will not be caused by Frequent start and stop will cause damage, and the probability of failure is also greatly reduced.
在重力的作用下，蒸发换热器6壳程里温度较低密度较大的水下沉，经副水箱3进入主水箱2壳程，主水箱2壳程里温度较高而密度较小的水上浮，经副水箱3回流到蒸发换热器6壳程完成自然对流水循环。Under the action of gravity, the water with lower temperature and higher density in the shell side of the evaporation heat exchanger 6 sinks, and enters the shell side of the main water tank 2 through the auxiliary water tank 3, and the water with higher temperature and lower density in the shell side of the main water tank 2 The water floats up and flows back through the auxiliary water tank 3 to the shell side of the evaporation heat exchanger 6 to complete the natural convection water cycle.
电加热器R1、R2的电阻值的选择，应考虑其在额定电压下并联工作时的输出功率与压缩机额定功率大致相当，以便保持热泵热水器运行时总功率平稳。同时，电加热器R1、R2并联的阻值略高于压缩机的感生电阻，以便电阻与电机串联时至少可以分压1/2以上，有效降低压缩机功耗。The selection of resistance values of electric heaters R1 and R2 should consider that their output power when working in parallel at rated voltage is roughly equivalent to the rated power of the compressor, so as to keep the total power of the heat pump water heater running smoothly. At the same time, the resistance of electric heaters R1 and R2 connected in parallel is slightly higher than the induction resistance of the compressor, so that when the resistance is connected in series with the motor, the voltage can be divided by at least 1/2, effectively reducing the power consumption of the compressor.
图2和图4中的一体化水箱约可容纳自来水8升，不启动压缩机，只用加热器，形不成自然对流，加热器可影响的区域约3升，即副水箱体积大约3升。以两个40欧姆电加热器并联，电压220V时的发热功率为2.4kW，自来水温度20℃，设定出水水温45℃，预热时间约为132秒，2分钟多一点儿，接近即开即热。The integrated water tank in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 can hold about 8 liters of tap water. Without starting the compressor, only the heater is used, so natural convection cannot be formed. The area that the heater can affect is about 3 liters, that is, the volume of the auxiliary water tank is about 3 liters. Two 40-ohm electric heaters are connected in parallel, the heating power is 2.4kW when the voltage is 220V, the tap water temperature is 20°C, the set water temperature is 45°C, the preheating time is about 132 seconds, a little more than 2 minutes, and it is close to the instant hot.
压缩机正常运行功率1.8kW，转入待机状态时，电流6.5A，20欧姆的电阻分压为130V，压缩机维持电压为90V，功率为0.6kW，约为额定功率的1/3，有效制热约0.4kW；电加热器发热功率0.85kW；系统输入功率1.43kW，总热功率1.25kW；系统将8升45℃(初次运行有5升水温20℃)的水提升至用户限定温度65℃，耗时9分钟，意味着待机时限可以达到9分钟，期间因为维持压缩机运转大约浪费电0.03度，不到5分钱。在实际使用过程中，待机状态时间会被压缩至3～5分钟甚至更短，所以不会产生多少能耗，甚至比变频调节还要节能。The normal operating power of the compressor is 1.8kW. When it is in the standby state, the current is 6.5A, the 20-ohm resistor divides the voltage to 130V, the compressor maintains a voltage of 90V, and the power is 0.6kW, which is about 1/3 of the rated power. The heat is about 0.4kW; the heating power of the electric heater is 0.85kW; the input power of the system is 1.43kW, and the total heating power is 1.25kW; the system raises 8 liters of water at 45°C (5 liters of water at 20°C for the initial operation) to the user-limited temperature of 65°C , It takes 9 minutes, which means that the standby time can reach 9 minutes. During this period, about 0.03 kWh of electricity is wasted by maintaining the compressor, which is less than 5 cents. In the actual use process, the standby time will be compressed to 3-5 minutes or even shorter, so there will not be much energy consumption, and it is even more energy-saving than frequency conversion adjustment.
热泵系统正常工作时，按照热泵制热COP为5.0估计，只用压缩机不用电加热的情况下发热功率9.0kW，进水温度20℃，出水温度45℃的条件下，出水流量可以达到5.2L/min，基本能够满足大部分用户的需求，流量加大，要么电加热器辅助加热，要么出水温度设得略低一点。在出水温度45℃，出水量5.2L/min的条件下，只要到达余热回收器换热表面的水流能达到85％，温度超过40℃，经过换热，排水温度可达到15℃，就可以回收7.5kW以上的热量，与热泵的制冷量相匹配，完全能够满足蒸发器取热的需求。When the heat pump system is working normally, it is estimated that the COP of heat pump heating is 5.0, the heating power is 9.0kW when only the compressor is used without electric heating, the water inlet temperature is 20°C, and the water outlet temperature is 45°C, the water outlet flow rate can reach 5.2 L/min can basically meet the needs of most users. If the flow rate is increased, either the electric heater is used for auxiliary heating, or the outlet water temperature is set slightly lower. Under the conditions of outlet water temperature of 45°C and water output of 5.2L/min, as long as the water flow reaching the heat exchange surface of the waste heat recovery device can reach 85%, the temperature exceeds 40°C, after heat exchange, the discharge temperature can reach 15°C, and it can be recycled The heat of more than 7.5kW matches the cooling capacity of the heat pump, which can fully meet the heat demand of the evaporator.
压缩机正常运行，辅助加热器与之并联，两个电阻串联为80欧姆，功率为0.6kW，系统满负荷运转功率为2.4kW左右，此时能够达到的出水量，相当于9.5kW的即开即热式电热水器。与之相比，功率降低7.1kW，节能率接近75％。The compressor is running normally, the auxiliary heater is connected in parallel with it, the two resistors are connected in series to 80 ohms, the power is 0.6kW, and the system’s full-load operating power is about 2.4kW. At this time, the water output that can be achieved is equivalent to a 9.5kW instant Tankless electric water heater. In comparison, the power is reduced by 7.1kW, and the energy saving rate is close to 75%.
与总体节能率相比，待机期间损耗的能量微乎其微。The energy lost during standby is negligible compared to the overall energy saving rate.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410708599.4ACN104456938B (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | Instant heating type heat pump water heater capable of recycling shower waste heat and operation method thereof |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410708599.4ACN104456938B (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | Instant heating type heat pump water heater capable of recycling shower waste heat and operation method thereof |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104456938A CN104456938A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN104456938Btrue CN104456938B (en) | 2017-02-22 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410708599.4AActiveCN104456938B (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | Instant heating type heat pump water heater capable of recycling shower waste heat and operation method thereof |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104456938B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106931641A (en)* | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-07 | 湖南创化低碳环保科技有限公司 | Directly-heated type Teat pump boiler |
| CN111603961A (en)* | 2020-04-26 | 2020-09-01 | 山西工程职业技术学院 | Intelligent liquid temperature and flow double-control mixer |
| DE102022200651A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 | 2023-07-20 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for operating the heat pump system; Heat pump system for such a method |
| CN114576883A (en)* | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-03 | 深圳铭洋中科能源技术有限公司 | Hot spring water supply energy-saving heat pump with adjustable function |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN200968714Y (en)* | 2006-11-18 | 2007-10-31 | 黄伟 | Heat pump water heater capable of comprehensive utilizing waste hot water |
| CN101135496A (en)* | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-05 | 党路明 | Device for generating shower and other application hot water |
| CN102607170A (en)* | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-25 | 佛山市三角洲电器科技有限公司 | Quick heating type heat pump water heater for recovering shower waste heat |
| CN204301300U (en)* | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 佛山市三角洲电器科技有限公司 | A kind of quick heating type heat pump water heater reclaiming shower used heat |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4798004B2 (en)* | 2007-01-23 | 2011-10-19 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | Heat recovery device for bathroom wastewater |
| JP5838914B2 (en)* | 2012-05-29 | 2016-01-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Hot water storage water heater |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101135496A (en)* | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-05 | 党路明 | Device for generating shower and other application hot water |
| CN200968714Y (en)* | 2006-11-18 | 2007-10-31 | 黄伟 | Heat pump water heater capable of comprehensive utilizing waste hot water |
| CN102607170A (en)* | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-25 | 佛山市三角洲电器科技有限公司 | Quick heating type heat pump water heater for recovering shower waste heat |
| CN204301300U (en)* | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 佛山市三角洲电器科技有限公司 | A kind of quick heating type heat pump water heater reclaiming shower used heat |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104456938A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102269484B (en) | Solar-assisted heat ground source air-conditioning hot water integrated machine | |
| CN205593157U (en) | Water -saving gas water heater | |
| CN102607170A (en) | Quick heating type heat pump water heater for recovering shower waste heat | |
| CN104456938B (en) | Instant heating type heat pump water heater capable of recycling shower waste heat and operation method thereof | |
| CN202008185U (en) | Comprehensive heat supply system for gas instantaneous water heater of solar air source heat pump | |
| CN108253643A (en) | One kind is that thermal regenerator heat pump couples hot-water heating system and control method with solar energy | |
| CN201149382Y (en) | Water heater water saving device | |
| CN202125983U (en) | Comprehensive warming and heating system of solar air source heat pump | |
| CN202008184U (en) | Instant electric heating type solar heat supply system | |
| CN202008191U (en) | Instant-heating type solar heating and heat supplying system | |
| CN204240466U (en) | A kind of special air source heat pumps energy-saving unit hot-water supply device | |
| CN204301300U (en) | A kind of quick heating type heat pump water heater reclaiming shower used heat | |
| CN202008179U (en) | Instant-heating type solar comprehensive heating and heat supplying system | |
| CN102168869A (en) | Electric instant heating type solar heat supply heating system | |
| CN202008190U (en) | Heating system complementarily using solar energy, air source and electric energy | |
| CN111076420A (en) | Energy-saving and water-saving construction site hot water system based on air energy heat pump and its construction method | |
| CN202008187U (en) | Heating system complementarily using solar energy, air source and fuel gas | |
| CN205481870U (en) | Novel instant heating type solar water heater system of hydrologic cycle | |
| CN211551746U (en) | Integrated hot dry rock heat recovery screw type heat pump device | |
| CN209672441U (en) | A kind of farm building solar energy equipment | |
| CN201892312U (en) | Multifunctional domestic air-energy water heater | |
| CN203797887U (en) | Device for recycling both air conditioner waste heat and waste bathing water waste heat | |
| CN207894047U (en) | One kind is that thermal regenerator heat pump couples hot-water heating system with solar energy | |
| CN205655467U (en) | Intelligence domestic hot water circulator | |
| CN202083002U (en) | Heating system complementally utilizing solar energy, air source and gas |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |