技术领域technical field
本发明涉及木塑复合材料领域，具体涉及一种导电/抗静电木塑复合材料及其制备方法。The invention relates to the field of wood-plastic composite materials, in particular to a conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
木塑复合材料是全世界范围内都在致力于开发一种新型的环保复合材料，由于具有部分可降解性、环境污染小、成本低、吸水性小、力学性能优良、抗蠕变、抗老化、尺寸稳定性好等优点，所以木塑复合材料得到了广泛的重视。目前，应用范围已渗透到多种领域，在苛刻条件下如防尘、干燥易发生火灾等领域的应用，其抗静电性能成为了重要的因素之一。由于木塑复合材料是以塑料为基体，因此具有了塑料的绝缘特性，在使用过程中由于摩擦等原因产生静电积聚，产生静电火花，严重时可以引起爆炸，因此对传统木塑复合材料进行改进，改善其抗静电性能就十分重要。Wood-plastic composite material is a new type of environmentally friendly composite material that is devoted to the development of a new type of environmentally friendly composite material all over the world. Due to its partial degradability, low environmental pollution, low cost, low water absorption, excellent mechanical properties, creep resistance, and aging resistance , Good dimensional stability and other advantages, so wood-plastic composite materials have been widely valued. At present, the scope of application has penetrated into many fields, and its antistatic performance has become one of the important factors in the application of harsh conditions such as dust-proof, dry and fire-prone fields. Since the wood-plastic composite material is based on plastic, it has the insulating properties of plastic. During use, due to friction and other reasons, static electricity will accumulate and generate static sparks. In severe cases, it can cause an explosion. Therefore, the traditional wood-plastic composite material is improved. , It is very important to improve its antistatic performance.
目前，国内的导电/抗静电木塑复合材料研究主要是在其中加入导电物质，然而在添加导电介质提高导电性的同时，力学性能下降，因此导电/抗静电木塑复合材料的发展主要集中在降低电阻率与提高材料的综合性能两个方面。At present, domestic research on conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composites mainly focuses on adding conductive substances to them. However, while adding conductive media to improve conductivity, the mechanical properties decrease. Therefore, the development of conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composites mainly focuses on There are two aspects of reducing the resistivity and improving the comprehensive performance of the material.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是要解决现有木塑复合材料抗静电性能差、综合性能低的问题，而提供了一种导电/抗静电木塑复合材料及其制备方法。The invention aims to solve the problems of poor antistatic performance and low comprehensive performance of existing wood-plastic composite materials, and provides a conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof.
本发明一种导电/抗静电木塑复合材料按重量份数由50～70份木粉、20～50份高密度聚乙烯、3～10份添加剂和1～10份碳纳米管制成；所述木粉的含水率为10％～15％；所述添加剂为PE蜡和马来酸酐的混合物。A conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material of the present invention is made of 50-70 parts of wood powder, 20-50 parts of high-density polyethylene, 3-10 parts of additives and 1-10 parts of carbon nanotubes in parts by weight; The water content of the wood flour is 10%-15%; the additive is a mixture of PE wax and maleic anhydride.
一种导电/抗静电木塑复合材料的制备方法是按以下步骤进行：A preparation method of conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material is carried out according to the following steps:
一、按重量份数称取50～70份木粉、20～50份高密度聚乙烯、3～10份添加剂和1～10份碳纳米管；所述木粉的含水率为10％～15％；所述添加剂为PE蜡和马来酸酐的混合物；1. Take 50-70 parts of wood powder, 20-50 parts of high-density polyethylene, 3-10 parts of additives and 1-10 parts of carbon nanotubes by weight; the moisture content of the wood powder is 10%-15 %; The additive is a mixture of PE wax and maleic anhydride;
二、将步骤一称取的50～70份木粉倒入高速混合机中，以1200r/min～1600r/min的速度进行搅拌，当温度从室温升温至100℃～120℃后，将速度从1200r/min～1600r/min降至600r/min～800r/min后，搅拌至木粉的含水率为5％，再将步骤一称取的20～50份高密度聚乙烯、3～10份添加剂和1～10份碳纳米管加入到高速混合机中进行混合，得到混合物，10min～15min后将混合物转移至低速冷却混合机中，将混合物的温度从100℃～120℃降温至40℃～45℃后，得到物料；2. Pour 50-70 parts of wood powder weighed in step 1 into a high-speed mixer, and stir at a speed of 1200r/min-1600r/min. When the temperature rises from room temperature to 100℃-120℃, increase the speed from After 1200r/min～1600r/min is reduced to 600r/min～800r/min, stir until the moisture content of wood flour is 5%, and then weigh 20～50 parts of high density polyethylene and 3～10 parts of additives in step 1 Add 1-10 parts of carbon nanotubes into a high-speed mixer for mixing to obtain a mixture. After 10 minutes to 15 minutes, transfer the mixture to a low-speed cooling mixer, and lower the temperature of the mixture from 100°C to 120°C to 40°C to 45 After ℃, the material is obtained;
三、将步骤二得到的物料倒入双螺杆挤出机中，挤出，得到粒料；3. Pour the material obtained in step 2 into a twin-screw extruder and extrude to obtain pellets;
四、将步骤三得到的粒料放入热压机中压制后，冷却成形，得到导电/抗静电木塑复合材料。4. Put the pellets obtained in step 3 into a hot press, and then cool and shape to obtain a conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明通过添加碳纳米管能够在基体中形成连续的导电通路或网络，从而提高了材料的导电性能，制备得到的导电/抗静电木塑复合材料表面电阻降低到4×104Ω，有效地提高了材料的表面抗静电性能，并且其力学性能良好。The present invention can form a continuous conductive path or network in the matrix by adding carbon nanotubes, thereby improving the conductive performance of the material, and the surface resistance of the prepared conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material is reduced to 4×104 Ω, effectively The surface antistatic property of the material is improved, and its mechanical property is good.
具体实施方式detailed description
具体实施方式一：本实施方式一种导电/抗静电木塑复合材料按重量份数由50～70份木粉、20～50份高密度聚乙烯、3～10份添加剂和1～10份碳纳米管制成；所述木粉的含水率为10％～15％；所述添加剂为PE蜡和马来酸酐的混合物，为混合物时按任意比混合。Specific Embodiment 1: In this embodiment, a conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material consists of 50-70 parts by weight of wood powder, 20-50 parts of high-density polyethylene, 3-10 parts of additives and 1-10 parts of carbon It is made of nanotubes; the water content of the wood powder is 10% to 15%; the additive is a mixture of PE wax and maleic anhydride, and when it is a mixture, it is mixed in any ratio.
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是：所述碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管，直径为20～100nm，长度为10～50μm。其他与具体实施方式一相同。Embodiment 2: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 20-100 nm and a length of 10-50 μm. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是：按重量份数由60份木粉、40份高密度聚乙烯、3份添加剂和2份碳纳米管制成。其他与具体实施方式一或二相同。Embodiment 3: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 or 2 in that it is made of 60 parts of wood flour, 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 3 parts of additives and 2 parts of carbon nanotubes in parts by weight. Others are the same as those in Embodiment 1 or 2.
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是：按重量份数由60份木粉、40份高密度聚乙烯、3份添加剂和5份碳纳米管制成。其他与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。Embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 3 in that it is made of 60 parts of wood flour, 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 3 parts of additives and 5 parts of carbon nanotubes in parts by weight. Others are the same as one of the specific embodiments 1 to 3.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是：按重量份数由60份木粉、40份高密度聚乙烯、3份添加剂和8份碳纳米管制成。其他与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。Embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4 in that it is made of 60 parts of wood flour, 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 3 parts of additives and 8 parts of carbon nanotubes in parts by weight. Others are the same as one of the specific embodiments 1 to 4.
具体实施方式六：本实施方式一种导电/抗静电木塑复合材料的制备方法是按以下步骤进行：Specific Embodiment Six: In this embodiment, a method for preparing a conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material is carried out according to the following steps:
一、按重量份数称取50～70份木粉、20～50份高密度聚乙烯、3～10份添加剂和1～10份碳纳米管；所述木粉的含水率为10％～15％；所述添加剂为PE蜡和马来酸酐的混合物，为混合物时按任意比混合；1. Take 50-70 parts of wood powder, 20-50 parts of high-density polyethylene, 3-10 parts of additives and 1-10 parts of carbon nanotubes by weight; the moisture content of the wood powder is 10%-15 %; The additive is a mixture of PE wax and maleic anhydride, mixed in any ratio when it is a mixture;
二、将步骤一称取的50～70份木粉倒入高速混合机中，以1200r/min～1600r/min的速度进行搅拌，当温度从室温升温至100℃～120℃后，将速度从1200r/min～1600r/min降至600r/min～800r/min后，搅拌至木粉的含水率为5％，再将步骤一称取的20～50份高密度聚乙烯、3～10份添加剂和1～10份碳纳米管加入到高速混合机中进行混合，得到混合物，10min～15min后将混合物转移至低速冷却混合机中，将混合物的温度从100℃～120℃降温至40℃～45℃后，得到物料；2. Pour 50-70 parts of wood powder weighed in step 1 into a high-speed mixer, and stir at a speed of 1200r/min-1600r/min. When the temperature rises from room temperature to 100℃-120℃, increase the speed from After 1200r/min～1600r/min is reduced to 600r/min～800r/min, stir until the moisture content of wood flour is 5%, and then weigh 20～50 parts of high density polyethylene and 3～10 parts of additives in step 1 Add 1-10 parts of carbon nanotubes into a high-speed mixer for mixing to obtain a mixture. After 10 minutes to 15 minutes, transfer the mixture to a low-speed cooling mixer, and lower the temperature of the mixture from 100°C to 120°C to 40°C to 45 After ℃, the material is obtained;
三、将步骤二得到的物料倒入双螺杆挤出机中，挤出，得到粒料；3. Pour the material obtained in step 2 into a twin-screw extruder and extrude to obtain pellets;
四、将步骤三得到的粒料放入热压机中压制后，冷却成形，得到导电/抗静电木塑复合材料。4. Put the pellets obtained in step 3 into a hot press, and then cool and shape to obtain a conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式六不同的是：步骤一中所述碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管，直径为20～100nm，长度为10～50μm。其他与具体实施方式六相同。Embodiment 7: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 6 is that the carbon nanotubes in step 1 are multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 20-100 nm and a length of 10-50 μm. Others are the same as in Embodiment 6.
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式六或七不同的是：步骤二中当温度从室温升温至105℃后。其他与具体实施方式六或七相同。Embodiment 8: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 6 or 7 is that in Step 2, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 105°C. Others are the same as the sixth or seventh embodiment.
通过以下实施例验证本发明的效果：Verify the effect of the present invention by the following examples:
实施例一：一种导电/抗静电木塑复合材料的制备方法是按以下步骤进行：Embodiment 1: A preparation method of conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material is carried out according to the following steps:
一、按重量份数称取60份杨木粉、40份高密度聚乙烯、4份添加剂和5份碳纳米管；所述木粉的含水率为10％～15％；所述添加剂为PE蜡和马来酸酐的混合物；1. Take 60 parts of poplar wood powder, 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 4 parts of additives and 5 parts of carbon nanotubes by weight; the moisture content of the wood powder is 10% to 15%; the additive is PE Mixture of wax and maleic anhydride;
二、将步骤一称取的60份杨木粉倒入高速混合机中，以1200r/min～1600r/min的速度进行搅拌，当温度从室温升温至105℃后，将速度从1200r/min～1600r/min降至600r/min～800r/min后，搅拌至木粉的含水率为5％，再将步骤一称取的40份高密度聚乙烯、4份添加剂和5份碳纳米管加入到高速混合机中进行混合，得到混合物，10min～15min后将混合物转移至低速冷却混合机中，将混合物的温度从105℃降温至45℃后，得到物料；2. Pour 60 parts of poplar wood powder weighed in step 1 into a high-speed mixer, and stir at a speed of 1200r/min～1600r/min. When the temperature rises from room temperature to 105°C, increase the speed from 1200r/min～ After 1600r/min drops to 600r/min～800r/min, stir until the moisture content of wood flour is 5%, then add 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 4 parts of additives and 5 parts of carbon nanotubes weighed in step 1 to the Mix in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture. After 10 minutes to 15 minutes, transfer the mixture to a low-speed cooling mixer, and cool the temperature of the mixture from 105°C to 45°C to obtain the material;
三、将步骤二得到的物料倒入双螺杆挤出机中，挤出，得到粒料；3. Pour the material obtained in step 2 into a twin-screw extruder and extrude to obtain pellets;
四、将步骤三得到的粒料放入热压机中压制后，冷却成形，得到导电/抗静电木塑复合材料；步骤一中所述碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管，直径为20～100nm，长度为10～50μm。4. Put the pellets obtained in step 3 into a hot press and then cool and shape to obtain a conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material; the carbon nanotubes described in step 1 are multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 20-20 100nm, length 10-50μm.
实施例二：本实施例与实施例一不同之处是：步骤一中按重量份数称取60份杨木粉、40份高密度聚乙烯、4份添加剂和2份碳纳米管；步骤二中再将步骤一称取的40份高密度聚乙烯、4份添加剂和2份碳纳米管加入到高速混合机中进行混合。其他与实施例一相同。Embodiment two: the difference between this embodiment and embodiment one is: in step one, take by weight 60 parts of poplar wood flour, 40 parts of high density polyethylene, 4 parts of additives and 2 parts of carbon nanotubes; step two Then add 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 4 parts of additives and 2 parts of carbon nanotubes weighed in step 1 into a high-speed mixer for mixing. Others are the same as in Embodiment 1.
实施例三：本实施例与实施例一或二不同之处是：步骤一中按重量份数称取60份杨木粉、40份高密度聚乙烯、4份添加剂和8份碳纳米管；步骤二中再将步骤一称取的40份高密度聚乙烯、4份添加剂和8份碳纳米管加入到高速混合机中进行混合。其他与实施例一或二相同。Embodiment three: the difference between this embodiment and embodiment one or two is: in step one, take by weight 60 parts of poplar wood powder, 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 4 parts of additives and 8 parts of carbon nanotubes; In step 2, add 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 4 parts of additives and 8 parts of carbon nanotubes weighed in step 1 into a high-speed mixer for mixing. Others are identical with embodiment one or two.
对比实施例：本实施例与实施例一至三之一不同之处是：步骤一中按重量份数称取60份杨木粉、40份高密度聚乙烯和4份添加剂；步骤二中再将步骤一称取的40份高密度聚乙烯和4份添加剂加入到高速混合机中进行混合。其他与实施例一至三之一相同。Comparative example: one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three difference is: take by weight 60 parts of poplar wood flour, 40 parts of high-density polyethylene and 4 parts of additives in step 1; 40 parts of high-density polyethylene and 4 parts of additives weighed in step 1 are added to a high-speed mixer for mixing. Others are the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
对实施例一、实施例二、实施例三和对比实施例所得的产物的表面电阻率按工IEC60093要求进行测试，冲击性能按工ISO180-93要求进行测试，弯曲性能按ISO178-93要求进行测试(条件为2mm/min)，测试结果如表1所示。The surface resistivity of the product obtained in embodiment one, embodiment two, embodiment three and comparative examples is tested by the requirements of IEC60093, the impact performance is tested by the requirements of IISO180-93, and the bending performance is tested by the requirements of ISO178-93 (The condition is 2mm/min), and the test results are shown in Table 1.
表1实施例一、实施例二、实施例三和对比实施例所得的产物的表面电阻率、冲击性能和弯曲性能对比Surface resistivity, impact performance and bending performance comparison of the products obtained in table 1 embodiment one, embodiment two, embodiment three and comparative examples
从表1可以看出本发明通过添加少量2％碳纳米管就能够在基体中形成连续的导电通路或网络，从而提高了材料的导电性能，制备得到的导电/抗静电木塑复合材料表面电阻率最低可降到4×104Ω，有效地提高了材料的表面抗静电性能，并且弹性模量、弯曲强度等力学性能良好。As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention can form a continuous conductive path or network in the matrix by adding a small amount of 2% carbon nanotubes, thereby improving the electrical conductivity of the material, and the surface resistance of the prepared conductive/antistatic wood-plastic composite material The lowest rate can be reduced to 4×104 Ω, which effectively improves the surface antistatic performance of the material, and has good mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and bending strength.
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