技术领域technical field
本发明属于岩体力学试验设备，具体的说，涉及一种具有冲击扰动功能的冲击扰动围岩试验设备。The invention belongs to rock mechanics test equipment, in particular, relates to a test equipment for impact disturbance surrounding rock with impact disturbance function.
背景技术Background technique
在自然界的各种工程实践中，如各类矿山工程、铁路公路隧洞施工等，深部高应力岩体开挖时，岩体在承受地应力、构造应力等高静态载荷作用的同时，还要承受原岩应力场变化或邻近洞室开挖而引发的应力扰动影响以及开挖爆破作业或机械钻凿等动载的作用或地震、爆破引起的冲击力等动载荷作用。应该看到，地下深部岩体工程结构在受到地震波、爆破冲击波等冲击扰动，诱发岩体、工程结构的动态失稳产生的损害很大，这方面的现场实录研究很多，同时国内相关室内试验设备还处在动态小尺寸试件或静态大尺寸试件的试验研究，相关动静组合加载试验装置普遍以小尺寸的标准试样为研究对象，且动载荷和主静载荷方向相同，还没有对较大尺寸试件的静态、动态及冲击相结合的试验研究。因此，为适应复杂多变的深部地下岩体工程的研究需求，需要有更好的试验装置来进行试验。In various engineering practices in nature, such as various mining projects, railway road tunnel construction, etc., when excavating deep high-stress rock mass, the rock mass must bear high static loads such as in-situ stress and structural stress, as well as The stress field change of the original rock or the influence of stress disturbance caused by the excavation of adjacent caverns, the action of dynamic loads such as excavation blasting operations or mechanical drilling, or the impact force caused by earthquakes and blasting. It should be noted that when the deep underground rock mass engineering structure is subjected to shock disturbances such as seismic waves and blasting shock waves, the damage caused by the dynamic instability of the rock mass and engineering structure is very large. It is still in the experimental research of dynamic small-sized specimens or static large-sized specimens. The relevant dynamic and static combined loading test devices generally use small-sized standard specimens as the research object, and the direction of the dynamic load and the main static load are the same. Combined static, dynamic and impact test research on large-scale specimens. Therefore, in order to meet the research needs of complex and variable deep underground rock mass engineering, better test devices are needed for testing.
目前，利用普通万能材料试验机经过加装侧面加载装置可以实现单轴到三轴的岩石静载试验，使用液压伺服系统可以实现三维的曲线波形准静态加载试验方式，但目前还未有利用冲击锤实现模拟爆破、地震等冲击扰动的三轴试验设备。At present, the single-axis to three-axis rock static load test can be realized by adding a side loading device to the common universal material testing machine, and the three-dimensional curve waveform quasi-static loading test method can be realized by using the hydraulic servo system. The hammer is a triaxial test equipment for simulating impact disturbances such as blasting and earthquakes.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种能对较大尺寸岩石类试样在三个方向预施加静、动态载荷并能沿垂直方向对岩石试样施加一定的波形冲击载荷，以模拟岩石试样在深部高应力环境中扰动的响应情况的冲击扰动围岩试验设备。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method that can pre-apply static and dynamic loads to larger-sized rock samples in three directions and can apply a certain waveform impact load to rock samples in the vertical direction to simulate rock test loads. A shock-disturbed surrounding rock test device that samples the response to disturbances in deep high-stress environments.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的一种冲击扰动围岩试验设备，包括顶板、底座、支撑立柱、丝杠柱；它还包括横梁、横梁升降电机及减速机部件、链条齿轮、冲击锤头、冲击锤导杆、水平X方向加载夹板、水平Y方向加载夹板、水平X方向伺服液压缸、水平Y方向伺服液压缸、垂直Z方向伺服液压缸；顶板与底座平行，顶板与底座之间由两根呈对角分布的支撑立柱固定连接，顶板与底座之间的另一对角上各安装有一根丝杠柱；安装于顶板上的横梁升降电机及减速机部件通过链条齿轮与两根丝杠柱上端连接，带动丝杠柱转动；所述横梁的两端安装于两根丝杠柱中部，丝杠柱转动带动横梁上下移动；横梁上安装有垂直Z方向伺服液压缸，垂直Z方向伺服液压缸与横梁下的冲击锤头连接，冲击锤头上安装有加速度传感器；冲击锤头上固连有两根竖直冲击锤导杆，冲击锤导杆活动穿过横梁和顶板；所述底座的横向方向上设有水平Y方向加载夹板和水平Y方向伺服液压缸，所述底座的纵向方向上设有水平X方向加载夹板和水平X方向伺服液压缸，各伺服液压缸与相对应的加载夹板连接；各加载夹板和冲击锤头围合成的空间中放置被测岩石试样；所述各伺服液压缸通过高压油路与伺服液压系统连接，通过伺服液压系统向被测岩石试样施加冲击载荷、扰动加载；所述伺服液压系统、加速度传感器通过信号线与外部计算机连接。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, a kind of shock perturbation surrounding rock test equipment of the present invention comprises top plate, base, supporting column, screw column; It also comprises beam, beam lifting motor and reducer parts, chain gear, impact hammer head, Impact hammer guide rod, horizontal X-direction loading splint, horizontal Y-direction loading splint, horizontal X-direction servo hydraulic cylinder, horizontal Y-direction servo hydraulic cylinder, vertical Z-direction servo hydraulic cylinder; the top plate is parallel to the base, and there are two The support columns distributed diagonally are fixedly connected, and a screw column is installed on the other diagonal corner between the top plate and the base; the beam lifting motor and reducer components installed on the top plate pass through the chain gear and two screw screws. The upper end of the column is connected to drive the screw column to rotate; the two ends of the beam are installed in the middle of the two screw columns, and the rotation of the screw column drives the beam to move up and down; the vertical Z direction servo hydraulic cylinder is installed on the beam, and the vertical Z direction servo hydraulic cylinder is installed on the beam. The cylinder is connected with the impact hammer head under the beam, and an acceleration sensor is installed on the impact hammer head; two vertical impact hammer guide rods are fixedly connected to the impact hammer head, and the impact hammer guide rods move through the beam and the top plate; A horizontal Y-direction loading splint and a horizontal Y-direction servo hydraulic cylinder are provided in the lateral direction, and a horizontal X-direction loading splint and a horizontal X-direction servo hydraulic cylinder are provided in the longitudinal direction of the base, and each servo hydraulic cylinder is connected to a corresponding loading splint connection; the rock sample to be tested is placed in the space formed by each loading splint and the impact hammer head; the servo hydraulic cylinders are connected to the servo hydraulic system through the high-pressure oil circuit, and the impact load is applied to the rock sample to be tested through the servo hydraulic system 1. Disturbance loading; the servo hydraulic system and the acceleration sensor are connected to an external computer through a signal line.
具体的，所述冲击载荷、扰动加载为半正弦波、三角波、方波形式的曲线载荷。Specifically, the impact load and disturbance load are curved loads in the form of half sine waves, triangular waves, and square waves.
所述加载夹板可根据被测岩石试样的尺寸大小的变化更换不同尺寸的加载板。The loading splint can be replaced with loading plates of different sizes according to changes in the size of the rock sample to be tested.
所述被测岩石试样的尺寸大小在X、Y、Z三个方向上为200—700mm。The size of the rock sample to be tested is 200-700mm in the three directions of X, Y and Z.
本发明所述冲击扰动围岩试验设备，能对较大尺寸岩石类试样在三个方向预施加静、动态载荷并能沿垂直方向对岩石试样施加一定的波形冲击载荷，以模拟岩石试样在深部高应力环境中扰动的响应情况。The impact disturbance surrounding rock test equipment of the present invention can pre-apply static and dynamic loads to rock samples of larger size in three directions and can apply a certain waveform impact load to rock samples along the vertical direction to simulate rock test Like the response to disturbances in deep high-stress environments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的冲击扰动围岩试验设备的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the impact disturbance surrounding rock test equipment of the present invention.
图2是本发明的冲击扰动围岩试验设备中被测岩石试样受静载-冲击载荷示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a static load-impact load on a rock sample to be tested in the impact disturbance surrounding rock test equipment of the present invention.
图3是本发明的冲击扰动围岩试验设备中被测岩石试样受静载-扰动载荷示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a static load-disturbance load on a rock sample to be tested in the impact disturbance surrounding rock test equipment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，为本发明冲击扰动围岩试验设备的结构示意图，它包括横梁升降电机及减速机部件1、链条齿轮2、顶板3、支撑立柱4、丝杠柱5、横梁6、被测岩石试样7、水平Y方向加载夹板8、水平X方向伺服液压缸9、水平X方向加载夹板10、底座11、水平Y方向伺服液压缸12、冲击锤头13、气缸14、垂直Z方向伺服液压缸15、丝杠柱16、支撑立柱17、冲击锤导杆18。顶板3与底座11之间由两根呈对角分布的支撑立柱4和支撑立柱17固定连接，顶板3与底座11之间的另一对角上安装有丝杠柱5和丝杠柱16。安装于顶板3上的横梁升降电机及减速机部件1通过链条齿轮2与两根丝杠柱5、16上端连接，带动丝杠柱5、16转动；横梁6的两端安装于两根丝杠柱5、16的中部，丝杠柱5、16转动带动横梁6上下移动；横梁6上安装有垂直Z方向伺服液压缸15，垂直Z方向伺服液压缸15与横梁6下的冲击锤头13连接，冲击锤头13上安装有加速度传感器(图中未画出)；冲击锤头13上固连有两根竖直冲击锤导杆18，冲击锤导杆18活动穿过横梁6和顶板3；底座11的横向方向上设有水平Y方向加载夹板8和水平Y方向伺服液压缸12，水平Y方向加载夹板8与水平Y方向伺服液压缸12连接；底座11的纵向方向上设有水平X方向加载夹板10和水平X方向伺服液压缸9，水平X方向加载夹板10与水平X方向伺服液压缸9连接；水平Y方向加载夹板8、水平X方向加载夹板10和冲击锤头围合成的空间中放置被测岩石试样7；各伺服液压缸通过高压油路与伺服液压系统连接，通过伺服液压系统向被测岩石试样施加冲击载荷、扰动加载；各伺服液压缸均带有力传感器，伺服液压系统、各力传感器、加速度传感器通过信号线与外部计算机连接。As shown in Figure 1, it is a structural schematic diagram of the impact disturbance surrounding rock test equipment of the present invention, which includes a beam lifting motor and a speed reducer part 1, a chain gear 2, a top plate 3, a support column 4, a screw column 5, a beam 6, a quilt Rock sample 7, horizontal Y direction loading splint 8, horizontal X direction servo hydraulic cylinder 9, horizontal X direction loading splint 10, base 11, horizontal Y direction servo hydraulic cylinder 12, impact hammer head 13, cylinder 14, vertical Z direction Servo hydraulic cylinder 15, screw column 16, support column 17, impact hammer guide rod 18. The top plate 3 and the base 11 are fixedly connected by two diagonally distributed supporting columns 4 and 17, and the other diagonal between the top plate 3 and the base 11 is equipped with a screw column 5 and a screw column 16. The beam lifting motor and the reducer part 1 installed on the top plate 3 are connected to the upper ends of the two screw columns 5 and 16 through the chain gear 2 to drive the screw columns 5 and 16 to rotate; the two ends of the beam 6 are installed on the two screw screws In the middle of the columns 5 and 16, the screw columns 5 and 16 rotate to drive the beam 6 to move up and down; the beam 6 is equipped with a servo hydraulic cylinder 15 in the vertical Z direction, and the servo hydraulic cylinder 15 in the vertical Z direction is connected with the impact hammer head 13 under the beam 6 , the impact hammer head 13 is equipped with an acceleration sensor (not shown in the figure); the impact hammer head 13 is fixedly connected with two vertical impact hammer guide rods 18, and the impact hammer guide rod 18 moves through the beam 6 and the top plate 3; The horizontal direction of the base 11 is provided with a horizontal Y direction loading splint 8 and a horizontal Y direction servo hydraulic cylinder 12, and the horizontal Y direction loading splint 8 is connected with the horizontal Y direction servo hydraulic cylinder 12; the longitudinal direction of the base 11 is provided with a horizontal X direction The loading splint 10 and the horizontal X-direction servo hydraulic cylinder 9, the horizontal X-direction loading splint 10 is connected to the horizontal X-direction servo hydraulic cylinder 9; the horizontal Y-direction loading splint 8, the horizontal X-direction loading splint 10 and the impact hammer head surround the combined space The rock sample 7 to be tested is placed; each servo hydraulic cylinder is connected to the servo hydraulic system through a high-pressure oil circuit, and the impact load and disturbance load are applied to the rock sample to be tested through the servo hydraulic system; each servo hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a force sensor, and the servo hydraulic pressure The system, each force sensor and acceleration sensor are connected with an external computer through a signal line.
上述伺服液压系统通过水平X方向伺服液压缸9、水平Y方向伺服液压缸12、垂直Z方向伺服液压缸15向被测岩石试样7施加冲击载荷、扰动加载，冲击载荷、扰动加载为半正弦波、三角波、方波形式的曲线载荷。The above-mentioned servo hydraulic system applies impact load and disturbance load to the rock sample 7 through the horizontal X-direction servo hydraulic cylinder 9, the horizontal Y-direction servo hydraulic cylinder 12, and the vertical Z-direction servo hydraulic cylinder 15. The impact load and disturbance load are half-sine Curve loads in the form of waves, triangle waves, square waves.
被测岩石试样7的尺寸大小在X、Y、Z三个方向上为200—700mm。水平Y方向加载夹板8和水平X方向加载夹板10可根据被测岩石试样7的尺寸大小的变化更换不同尺寸的加载板。The size of the rock sample 7 to be tested is 200-700 mm in the three directions of X, Y and Z. The loading splint 8 in the horizontal Y direction and the loading splint 10 in the horizontal X direction can be replaced with loading plates of different sizes according to the change in size of the rock sample 7 to be tested.
实施例一：Embodiment one:
试验时，根据被测岩石试样7的尺寸，调整水平Y方向加载夹板8与水平X方向加载夹板10的位置，将被测岩石试样7中心对准水平Y方向加载夹板8与水平X方向加载夹板10的中心，通过水平X方向伺服液压缸9和水平Y方向伺服液压缸12进行预夹紧，对被测岩石试样7施加预紧载荷，然后释放气缸14，冲击锤头13释放，对被测岩石试样7施加垂直方向的冲击载荷，实现三轴状态下静载和冲击载荷共同作用的试验效果，被测岩石试样7所受静载-冲击载荷示意图如图2所示。During the test, according to the size of the rock sample 7 to be tested, the positions of the loading splint 8 in the horizontal Y direction and the loading splint 10 in the horizontal X direction are adjusted, and the center of the rock sample 7 to be tested is aligned with the loading splint 8 in the horizontal Y direction and the loading splint 10 in the horizontal X direction. The center of the loading splint 10 is pre-clamped by the horizontal X-direction servo hydraulic cylinder 9 and the horizontal Y-direction servo hydraulic cylinder 12, and the pre-tightening load is applied to the rock sample 7 to be tested, and then the cylinder 14 is released, and the impact hammer head 13 is released. A vertical impact load is applied to the tested rock sample 7 to realize the combined effect of static load and impact load in the triaxial state. The static load-impact load schematic diagram of the tested rock sample 7 is shown in Figure 2.
实施例二：Embodiment two:
试验时，根据被测岩石试样7的尺寸，调整水平Y方向加载夹板8与水平X方向加载夹板10的位置，将被测岩石试样7中心对准水平Y方向加载夹板8与水平X方向加载夹板10的中心，通过计算机自动按照实验的要求调节伺服液压系统，由伺服液压缸9、12、15对被测岩石试样7的三个轴向施加静载荷、动载荷、扰动加载等，并且可实现半正弦波、三角波、方波等曲线载荷的加载，实现三轴状态下静载和动态扰动载荷共同作用的试验效果，被测岩石试样7所受静载-扰动载荷示意图如图3所示。During the test, according to the size of the rock sample 7 to be tested, the positions of the loading splint 8 in the horizontal Y direction and the loading splint 10 in the horizontal X direction are adjusted, and the center of the rock sample 7 to be tested is aligned with the loading splint 8 in the horizontal Y direction and the loading splint 10 in the horizontal X direction. The center of the loading splint 10 is automatically adjusted by the computer according to the requirements of the experiment. The servo hydraulic system is applied to the three axial directions of the rock sample 7 by the servo hydraulic cylinders 9, 12, and 15. And it can realize the loading of curved loads such as half sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, etc., and realize the test effect of the joint action of static load and dynamic disturbance load in the triaxial state. The static load-disturbance load schematic diagram of the tested rock sample 7 is shown in the figure 3 shown.
以上实施例中，冲击力值曲线、垂直方向加速度曲线可以通过力传感器和加速度传感器获得，通过数据采集系统传递到计算机软件控制系统中，在液晶屏上实时显示曲线和实验数据，并且可以自动存储数据在计算机中，还可根据试验的要求生成试验报告。In the above embodiment, the impact force value curve and the vertical acceleration curve can be obtained by the force sensor and the acceleration sensor, and transmitted to the computer software control system by the data acquisition system, and the curve and experimental data are displayed in real time on the LCD screen, and can be stored automatically The data is in the computer, and a test report can also be generated according to the requirements of the test.
上面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的冲击扰动围岩试验设备作了详细的说明，本发明并不限于上面所描述的内容，在本领域技术人员所具备的知识范围内，不脱离本发明构思作出的各种变化，仍落在本发明的保护范围内。The impact disturbance surrounding rock test equipment of the present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the content described above, and within the scope of knowledge of those skilled in the art, it does not depart from the present invention. Various changes made in the design still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410712341.1ACN104374655B (en) | 2014-11-30 | 2014-11-30 | A kind of shock vibration country rock testing equipment |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410712341.1ACN104374655B (en) | 2014-11-30 | 2014-11-30 | A kind of shock vibration country rock testing equipment |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104374655A CN104374655A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| CN104374655Btrue CN104374655B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410712341.1AExpired - Fee RelatedCN104374655B (en) | 2014-11-30 | 2014-11-30 | A kind of shock vibration country rock testing equipment |
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| CN (1) | CN104374655B (en) |
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