技术领域technical field
本发明涉及水声网络领域，具体涉及一种水声网络通信中基于UW-CSMA/CA的节点静默方法。The invention relates to the field of underwater acoustic networks, in particular to a UW-CSMA/CA-based node silence method in underwater acoustic network communication.
背景技术Background technique
海洋占据了地球面积的三分之二以上，对海洋的观测和开发越来越受到各国的重视，同时，水声网络成为了世界范围内的研究热点。数据链路层协议是水声网研究的重要内容。与无线信道相比，水声信道带宽受限、传播时延大，这对水声网络MAC协议的设计提出了极大的挑战。The ocean occupies more than two-thirds of the earth's area, and the observation and development of the ocean have attracted more and more attention from all countries. At the same time, the underwater acoustic network has become a research hotspot worldwide. The data link layer protocol is an important part of the study of underwater acoustic network. Compared with the wireless channel, the bandwidth of the underwater acoustic channel is limited and the propagation delay is large, which poses a great challenge to the design of the MAC protocol of the underwater acoustic network.
依据协议的信道获取方式，MAC协议分为基于调度的MAC协议和基于竞争的MAC协议。由于水声信道的可用频带很窄，使得基于调度的FDMA难以使用。基于调度的TDMA需要各节点时钟精确同步和保护间隔，这在高传播延迟、随机时空频变的水声网络中有很大的困难。基于调度的CDMA因其计算复杂度较高而应用较少。因此，基于竞争的MAC协议比较适合水声网络。基于竞争的MAC协议又可以分为基于ALOHA的MAC协议和基于握手的MAC协议。本申请主要研究多跳水声网络中基于握手的MAC协议。According to the channel acquisition method of the protocol, the MAC protocol is divided into a scheduling-based MAC protocol and a contention-based MAC protocol. Due to the narrow available frequency band of the underwater acoustic channel, it is difficult to use the scheduling-based FDMA. Scheduling-based TDMA requires accurate synchronization of clocks and guard intervals of each node, which is very difficult in underwater acoustic networks with high propagation delay and random space-time frequency variation. Scheduling-based CDMA is rarely used because of its high computational complexity. Therefore, contention-based MAC protocols are more suitable for underwater acoustic networks. Competition-based MAC protocols can be further divided into ALOHA-based MAC protocols and handshake-based MAC protocols. This application mainly studies the MAC protocol based on handshake in the multi-diving underwater acoustic network.
基于握手的MAC协议通过RTS/CTS握手来预约信道，解决隐藏终端和暴露终端问题。在参考文献1《Affan A.Syed,Wei Ye,Jobn Heidemann.T-Lohi:A New Class of MACProtocols For Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks[C].The27th Conference onComputer Communications,Phoenix,2008:231-235》所披露的T-Lohi协议中，使用短的唤醒信号预约信道来防止数据包的碰撞，对于分布式、短距离、密集型网络，T-Lohi能提供吞吐量稳定、能量利用率高的网络服务。在参考文献2《X.Guo,M.R.Frater,andM.J.Ryan.Design of a Propagation-Delay-Tolerant MAC Protocol for UnderwaterAcoustic Sensor Networks[J].Oceanic Engineering,2009,34(2):170-180》中，通过规定CTS的回复时间来减小水声信道高传播延时的影响，从而提高网络的吞吐量。在参考文献3《Nitthita Chirdchoo,Wee-Seng Soh,and Kee Chaing Chua.RIPT:A Receiver-initiated Reservation-based Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks[J].Selected Areas in Communications,2008,26(9):1744-1753》中提出一种通过接收端来初始化通信过程的随机接入MAC协议，使它的所有邻节点以数据包队列的方式把待发送的数据包发送给接收端。在参考文献4《Dong Fang,Yu Li,Haining Huang,Li Yin.A CSMA/CA-based MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks[C].6th InternationalConference on Wireless Communications,Networking and Mobile Computing,Chengdu,2010:1-4》中设计一种适用于水声网络的MAC协议，将其命名为UW-CSMA/CA协议，基于该协议的多址接入方法采用坚持等待的策略，减少退避次数，从而提高网络的吞吐量。The handshake-based MAC protocol uses RTS/CTS handshake to reserve channels to solve the problem of hidden terminals and exposed terminals. Disclosed in reference 1 "Affan A. Syed, Wei Ye, Jobn Heidemann. T-Lohi: A New Class of MAC Protocols For Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks [C]. The27th Conference on Computer Communications, Phoenix, 2008: 231-235" In the T-Lohi protocol, short wake-up signals are used to reserve channels to prevent data packet collisions. For distributed, short-distance, and dense networks, T-Lohi can provide network services with stable throughput and high energy utilization. In reference 2 "X.Guo, M.R.Frater, and M.J.Ryan.Design of a Propagation-Delay-Tolerant MAC Protocol for UnderwaterAcoustic Sensor Networks[J].Oceanic Engineering,2009,34(2):170-180" In this paper, the influence of high propagation delay of underwater acoustic channel is reduced by specifying the reply time of CTS, so as to improve the throughput of the network. In reference 3 "Nitthita Chirdchoo, Wee-Seng Soh, and Kee Chaing Chua. RIPT: A Receiver-initiated Reservation-based Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks [J]. Selected Areas in Communications, 2008,26(9):1744- 1753" proposed a random access MAC protocol that initializes the communication process through the receiving end, so that all its neighboring nodes send the data packets to be sent to the receiving end in the form of data packet queues. In reference 4 "Dong Fang, Yu Li, Haining Huang, Li Yin. A CSMA/CA-based MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks [C]. 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Chengdu, 2010: 1- In 4", a MAC protocol suitable for underwater acoustic networks is designed, and it is named UW-CSMA/CA protocol. The multiple access method based on this protocol adopts the strategy of persistent waiting to reduce the number of back-offs, thereby improving the throughput of the network. quantity.
在UW-CSMA/CA协议中，将RTS、CTS、DATA、ACK的持续时间分别标记为TRTS、TCTS、TDATA、TACK，将最大传播延迟标记为τmax。基于UW-CSMA/CA协议，水声网络中的节点可能处于六种状态：IDLE、CTD、WFCTS、WFDATA、WFACK和QUIET。In the UW-CSMA/CA protocol, the durations of RTS, CTS, DATA, and ACK are respectively marked as TRTS , TCTS , TDATA , and TACK , and the maximum propagation delay is marked as τmax . Based on the UW-CSMA/CA protocol, the nodes in the underwater acoustic network may be in six states: IDLE, CTD, WFCTS, WFDATA, WFACK, and QUIET.
参考图1，在UW-CSMA/CA协议中，水声网络中各个节点之间的基本通信过程如下：当源节点S有数据包需要发送时，节点状态从IDLE转到CTD，当CTD状态结束，源节点S会发送RTS并转到WFCTS状态，设置超时时间为2τmax+TCTS；目的节点D接收到RTS后，立即发送CTS并转入WFDATA状态，设置超时时间为2τmax+TDATA；源节点S接收到CTS后，立即发送DATA并转入WFACK状态，设置超时时间为2τmax+TACK；目的节点D接收到DATA后，立即发送ACK并结束本次通信（图1中的曲线箭头表示节点结束本次握手通信）；源节点S接收到ACK后结束本次通信。Referring to Figure 1, in the UW-CSMA/CA protocol, the basic communication process between the nodes in the underwater acoustic network is as follows: when the source node S has data packets to send, the node state changes from IDLE to CTD, and when the CTD state ends , the source node S will send RTS and turn to the WFCTS state, set the timeout time to 2τmax +TCTS ; after receiving the RTS, the destination node D will immediately send a CTS and turn to the WFDATA state, and set the timeout time to 2τmax +TDATA ; After the source node S receives the CTS, it immediately sends DATA and enters the WFACK state, setting the timeout period as 2τmax + TACK ; after the destination node D receives the DATA, it immediately sends an ACK and ends the communication (curved arrow in Figure 1 Indicates that the node ends this handshake communication); the source node S ends this communication after receiving the ACK.
水声网络中除了包括源节点与目的节点外，还包括有与源节点或目的节点的位置相近的邻居节点，如图1中的节点A或节点B。邻居节点A或B接收到不是发给自己的数据包后，会进入静默（QUITE）状态，节点根据监听到的数据包的类型设置静默时间，保证当前正在进行的通信不被干扰，直到源节点S正确收到ACK。在UW-CSMA/CA协议中，根据节点静默方法，对节点静默时间的设置方式以及静默时间的大小做如下规定：In addition to the source node and the destination node, the underwater acoustic network also includes neighbor nodes that are close to the source node or the destination node, such as node A or node B in Figure 1 . Neighbor node A or B will enter the quiet (QUITE) state after receiving a data packet that is not addressed to itself. The node sets the quiet time according to the type of the monitored data packet to ensure that the current communication is not disturbed until the source node S receives the ACK correctly. In the UW-CSMA/CA protocol, according to the node silence method, the setting method of the node silence time and the size of the silence time are stipulated as follows:
（1）当节点监听到xRTS，设置静默时间为max{Qlocal,QUIET_RTS}，其中，Qlocal为本地静默时间，QUIET_RTS＝4τmax+TCTS+TDATA+TACK。(1) When the node listens to xRTS, set the quiet time to max{Qlocal , QUIET_RTS}, where Qlocal is the local silent time, QUIET_RTS=4τmax +TCTS +TDATA +TACK .
（2）当节点监听到xCTS，设置静默时间为max{Qlocal,QUIET_CTS}，其中，Qlocal为本地静默时间，QUIET_CTS＝3τmax+TDATA+TACK。(2) When the node listens to xCTS, set the quiet time to max{Qlocal , QUIET_CTS}, where Qlocal is the local silent time, QUIET_CTS=3τmax +TDATA +TACK .
（3）当节点监听到xDATA，设置静默时间为max{Qlocal,QUIET_DATA}，其中，Qlocal为本地静默时间，QUIET_DATA＝2τreal+TACK。(3) When the node listens to xDATA, set the silent time to max{Qlocal ,QUIET_DATA}, where Qlocal is the local silent time, QUIET_DATA=2τreal +TACK .
（4）当节点监听到xACK，立即结束静默进入IDLE状态。(4) When the node listens to xACK, it immediately ends the silence and enters the IDLE state.
其中的xRTS、xCTS、xDATA和xACK表示不是节点所期望的帧，如xRTS表示不是节点所期望的RTS帧。Among them, xRTS, xCTS, xDATA and xACK represent frames that are not expected by the node, such as xRTS represents an RTS frame that is not expected by the node.
在UW-CSMA/CA协议的静默方法中，当节点A监听到xRTS、xCTS后设置静默时间的目的在于保证当前正在进行的通信不被干扰，直到源节点S正确收到ACK。但在实际的通信过程中，源节点、目的节点间的RTS-CTS握手并不一定会成功，若不成功，按照现有的静默方法，节点A的静默时间过长，从而降低网络吞吐量。此外，在实际应用中还存在如下情况：节点A周围有多对节点正在通信，这多对节点在通信时互不干扰；当一对节点通信结束，其他对节点通信未结束时，按照现有的静默方法，如果节点A收到ACK后马上结束静默，开始竞争信道，会干扰其他对节点间的通信。In the silent method of the UW-CSMA/CA protocol, the purpose of setting the silent time after node A monitors xRTS and xCTS is to ensure that the current ongoing communication will not be disturbed until the source node S correctly receives the ACK. However, in the actual communication process, the RTS-CTS handshake between the source node and the destination node may not be successful. If it is not successful, according to the existing silent method, the silent time of node A is too long, thereby reducing the network throughput. In addition, in practical applications, there are also the following situations: there are multiple pairs of nodes around node A that are communicating, and these pairs of nodes do not interfere with each other during communication; In the silent method, if node A ends the silence immediately after receiving the ACK and starts to compete for the channel, it will interfere with the communication between other pairs of nodes.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有的UW-CSMA/CA协议中的静默方法会导致源节点或目的节点的邻居节点静默时间过长，降低网络吞吐量以及容易干扰其他节点间通信等缺陷，从而提供一种能够有效提高网络吞吐量的节点静默方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects that the silence method in the existing UW-CSMA/CA protocol will cause the neighbor nodes of the source node or the destination node to be silent for too long, reduce the network throughput, and easily interfere with the communication between other nodes, thereby providing A node quieting method that can effectively improve network throughput.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种水声网络通信中基于UW-CSMA/CA的节点静默方法，包括：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a UW-CSMA/CA-based node silence method in underwater acoustic network communication, including:
步骤1）、在水声网络中，某一次通信过程的源节点或目的节点周围的邻居节点A监听水声网络中其他节点所发送的帧，若监听到xRTS，执行步骤2），若监听到xCTS，执行步骤3），若监听到xDATA，执行步骤4），若监听到xACK，执行步骤5）；其中，Step 1), in the underwater acoustic network, the source node or neighbor node A around the destination node in a certain communication process monitors the frames sent by other nodes in the underwater acoustic network, if xRTS is detected, perform step 2), if xRTS is detected xCTS, execute step 3), if xDATA is detected, execute step 4), if xACK is detected, execute step 5); among them,
所述xRTS表示不是节点所期望的RTS帧，所述xCTS表示不是节点所期望的CTS帧，所述xDATA表示不是节点所期望的DATA帧，所述xACK表示不是节点所期望的ACK帧；The xRTS indicates that the RTS frame is not expected by the node, the xCTS indicates that the CTS frame is not expected by the node, the xDATA indicates that the DATA frame is not expected by the node, and the xACK indicates that the ACK frame is not expected by the node;
步骤2）、将所述节点A的静默时间设置为max{Qlocal,QUIET_RTS}；其中，Qlocal为本地静默时间，QUIET_RTS＝2τmax+TCTS+TDATA；τmax表示最大传播延迟，TCTS表示CTS帧的持续时间，TDATA表示DATA帧的持续时间；Step 2), set the silent time of the node A to max{Qlocal , QUIET_RTS}; wherein, Qlocal is the local silent time, QUIET_RTS=2τmax +TCTS +TDATA ; τmax represents the maximum propagation delay, TCTS indicates the duration of the CTS frame, and TDATA indicates the duration of the DATA frame;
步骤3）、将所述节点A的静默时间设置为max{Qlocal,QUIET_CTS}；其中，QUIET_CTS＝2τmax+TDATA+TACK，TACK表示ACK帧的持续时间；Step 3), set the silent time of the node A to max{Qlocal , QUIET_CTS}; wherein, QUIET_CTS=2τmax +TDATA +TACK , and TACK represents the duration of the ACK frame;
步骤4）、所述节点A将监听到的xDATA与当前静默时间进行配对，如果xDATA与当前静默时间配对，即xDATA的源地址等于xRTS的源地址，或xDATA的目的地址等于xCTS的源地址，则重新设置静默时间为QUIET_DATA，否则，Step 4), the node A pairs the monitored xDATA with the current silent time, if xDATA is paired with the current silent time, that is, the source address of xDATA is equal to the source address of xRTS, or the destination address of xDATA is equal to the source address of xCTS, Then reset the silent time to QUIET_DATA, otherwise,
设置静默时间为max{Qlocal,QUIET_DATA}；其中，Qlocal为本地静默时间，其中的SendRTSTime为发送RTS的时刻，RecvCTSTime为接收到CTS的时刻，CTSDelay为目的节点D自收到RTS的时刻到发送CTS的时刻之间的时间差；Set the silent time to max{Qlocal ,QUIET_DATA}; among them, Qlocal is the local silent time, Among them, SendRTSTime is the time of sending RTS, RecvCTSTime is the time of receiving CTS, and CTSDelay is the time difference between the time when the destination node D receives the RTS and the time when it sends the CTS;
步骤5）、将所述节点A所监听到的xACK与当前静默时间进行配对，如果xACK与当前静默时间配对，即xACK的源地址等于xCTS的源地址，或xACK的目的地址等于xRTS的源地址，则立即结束静默；否则，保持静默时间不变。Step 5) pair the xACK monitored by node A with the current silent time, if xACK is paired with the current silent time, that is, the source address of xACK is equal to the source address of xCTS, or the destination address of xACK is equal to the source address of xRTS , the silence ends immediately; otherwise, the silence time remains unchanged.
本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
在相同数据包长度，或在相同通信速率，或在相同平均网格间距的条件下，采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法在吞吐量上均高于现有技术。Under the condition of the same data packet length, or the same communication rate, or the same average grid spacing, the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method adopting the silent method of the present invention is higher than that of the prior art.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是在现有的UW-CSMA/CA协议中，水声网络通信节点间的通信过程的示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the communication process between communication nodes of the underwater acoustic network in the existing UW-CSMA/CA protocol;
图2是本发明静默方法的流程图；Fig. 2 is the flow chart of silent method of the present invention;
图3是本发明在进行仿真时所采用的网络拓扑结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the network topology structure schematic diagram that the present invention adopts when carrying out emulation;
图4为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在数据包长度为128Bytes、256Bytes和512Bytes下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中通信速率为1024bps，平均网格间距为1000m；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the comparative results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art when the data packet length is 128Bytes, 256Bytes and 512Bytes, the communication rate in the simulation is 1024bps, and the average grid spacing 1000m;
图5为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在数据包长度为128Bytes、256Bytes和512Bytes下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中通信速率为2048bps，平均网格间距为1000m；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method adopting the silent method of the present invention and the prior art when the data packet length is 128Bytes, 256Bytes and 512Bytes, the communication rate in the simulation is 2048bps, and the average grid spacing 1000m;
图6为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在数据包长度为128Bytes、256Bytes和512Bytes下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中通信速率为4096bps，平均网格间距为1000m；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art when the data packet length is 128Bytes, 256Bytes and 512Bytes, the communication rate in the simulation is 4096bps, and the average grid spacing 1000m;
图7为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在通信速率为1024bps、2048bps和4096bps下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中数据包长度为128Bytes，平均网格间距为1000m；Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art at communication rates of 1024bps, 2048bps and 4096bps. The length of the data packet in the simulation is 128Bytes, and the average grid spacing 1000m;
图8为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在通信速率为1024bps、2048bps和4096bps下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中数据包长度为256Bytes，平均网格间距为1000m；Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art at communication rates of 1024bps, 2048bps and 4096bps. The length of the data packet in the simulation is 256Bytes, and the average grid spacing 1000m;
图9为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在通信速率为1024bps、2048bps和4096bps下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中数据包长度为512Bytes，平均网格间距为1000m；Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art at communication rates of 1024bps, 2048bps and 4096bps. The length of the data packet in the simulation is 512Bytes, and the average grid spacing 1000m;
图10为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在平均网格间距为500m、1000m和2000m下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中数据包长度为256Bytes，通信速率为2048bps。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art when the average grid spacing is 500m, 1000m and 2000m, the data packet length in the simulation is 256Bytes, and the communication rate It is 2048bps.
具体实施方式detailed description
现结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described now in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
在水声网络的通信过程中，节点间的距离一般达不到最大通信距离τmax，这使得一部分静默时间是不必要的。根据RTS-CTS握手通信过程，可以计算出源节点S到目的节点D实际的传播延时τreal：In the communication process of the underwater acoustic network, the distance between nodes generally does not reach the maximum communication distance τmax , which makes part of the silent time unnecessary. According to the RTS-CTS handshake communication process, the actual propagation delay τreal from the source node S to the destination node D can be calculated:
其中，SendRTSTime为发送RTS的时刻，RecvCTSTime为接收到CTS的时刻，CTSDelay为目的节点D自收到RTS的时刻到发送CTS的时刻之间的时间差。这一传播延时，将在本发明的静默方法中涉及，下面对本发明的静默方法的具体实现步骤做进一步说明。Among them, SendRTSTime is the time of sending RTS, RecvCTSTime is the time of receiving CTS, and CTSDelay is the time difference between the time when the destination node D receives the RTS and the time when it sends the CTS. This propagation delay will be involved in the silent method of the present invention, and the specific implementation steps of the silent method of the present invention will be further described below.
在之前的背景技术描述中已经提到，在一次通信过程中，源节点或目的节点周围的邻居节点A在收到不是发给自己的数据包后，会进入静默状态。本发明的静默方法即用于此类节点。It has been mentioned in the previous description of the background technology that during a communication process, the neighbor node A around the source node or the destination node will enter a silent state after receiving a data packet not addressed to itself. The quieting method of the present invention is used for such nodes.
参考图2，本发明的静默方法包括以下步骤：With reference to Fig. 2, silent method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
步骤1）、节点A监听水声网络中其他节点所发送的帧，一旦监听到某一帧，对该帧的类型进行判断，根据帧的类型执行相应的操作，即：若监听到xRTS，执行步骤2），若监听到xCTS，执行步骤3），若监听到xDATA，执行步骤4），若监听到xACK，执行步骤5）；Step 1), node A monitors the frames sent by other nodes in the underwater acoustic network, once a certain frame is monitored, the type of the frame is judged, and the corresponding operation is performed according to the type of the frame, that is: if xRTS is detected, execute Step 2), if xCTS is detected, execute step 3), if xDATA is detected, execute step 4), if xACK is detected, execute step 5);
步骤2）、将节点A的静默时间设置为max{Qlocal,QUIET_RTS}，其中，Qlocal为本地静默时间，QUIET_RTS＝2τmax+TCTS+TDATA。Step 2), set the silent time of node A to max{Qlocal , QUIET_RTS}, where Qlocal is the local silent time, QUIET_RTS=2τmax +TCTS +TDATA .
本步骤中对节点A的静默时间做如上设置能够保证源节点S能正确收到CTS，且节点A能收到源节点S发出的DATA。In this step, setting the silent time of node A as above can ensure that the source node S can receive the CTS correctly, and node A can receive the DATA sent by the source node S.
步骤3）、节点A设置静默时间为max{Qlocal,QUIET_CTS}，其中，Qlocal为本地静默时间，QUIET_CTS＝2τmax+TDATA+TACK。Step 3), Node A sets the silent time to max{Qlocal , QUIET_CTS}, where Qlocal is the local silent time, QUIET_CTS=2τmax +TDATA +TACK .
本步骤中对节点A的静默时间做如上设置能够保证目的节点D能正确收到DATA，且节点A能收到目的节点D发出的ACK。In this step, setting the silent time of node A as above can ensure that the destination node D can receive the DATA correctly, and node A can receive the ACK sent by the destination node D.
步骤4）、节点A将所监听到的xDATA与当前静默时间进行配对，如果xDATA与当前静默时间配对（即xDATA的源地址等于xRTS的源地址，或xDATA的目的地址等于xCTS的源地址），则重新设置静默时间为QUIET_DATA，其中：Step 4), Node A pairs the monitored xDATA with the current silent time, if xDATA is paired with the current silent time (that is, the source address of xDATA is equal to the source address of xRTS, or the destination address of xDATA is equal to the source address of xCTS), Then reset the silent time to QUIET_DATA, where:
QUIET_DATA＝2τreal+TACK；否则，设置静默时间为max{Qlocal,QUIET_DATA}，其中，Qlocal为本地静默时间。QUIET_DATA=2τreal +TACK ; otherwise, set the silent time to max{Qlocal ,QUIET_DATA}, where Qlocal is the local silent time.
步骤5）、所述节点A将监听到的xACK与当前静默时间进行配对，如果xACK与当前静默时间配对（即xACK的源地址等于xCTS的源地址，或xACK的目的地址等于xRTS的源地址），则立即结束静默；否则，保持静默时间不变。Step 5), the node A pairs the monitored xACK with the current silent time, if xACK is paired with the current silent time (that is, the source address of xACK is equal to the source address of xCTS, or the destination address of xACK is equal to the source address of xRTS) , the silence ends immediately; otherwise, the silence time remains unchanged.
以上是对本发明方法的基本步骤的描述，下面通过仿真对本发明方法与现有技术进行比较。The above is the description of the basic steps of the method of the present invention. Next, the method of the present invention is compared with the prior art through simulation.
在本发明中采用NS2进行仿真分析，仿真采用的网络拓扑结构如图3所示，36个静态节点（图3中的黑色节点）形成6×6的正方形分布。节点并非精确的位于网格的交叉点上，而是在水平方向和竖直方向均引入10%网格间距的随机偏移。节点的最大通信距离为网格间距的1.75倍，这样，每个节点均有8个一跳邻节点和16个两跳邻节点。仿真中，36个节点均按泊松分布产生数据包，且产生数据包的速率相同。节点产生的每个数据包均发往其任一两跳邻节点，且每个数据包发往16个两跳邻节点的概率相同。为了使边界上的节点也有16个两跳邻节点，需要对边界进行扩展，即在四个方向上都扩展两层节点（灰色节点），但是这些额外的节点不会产生数据流，仅作为边界节点的目标节点和转发节点存在。仿真采用静态路由，图中只表示出一个节点（圆形节点）的静态路由，其余节点的路由与之类似。In the present invention, NS2 is used for simulation analysis. The network topology used in the simulation is shown in Figure 3, and 36 static nodes (black nodes in Figure 3) form a 6×6 square distribution. Nodes are not exactly located at grid intersections, but a random offset of 10% grid spacing is introduced both horizontally and vertically. The maximum communication distance of a node is 1.75 times the grid spacing, so each node has 8 one-hop neighbors and 16 two-hop neighbors. In the simulation, all 36 nodes generate data packets according to Poisson distribution, and the rate of generating data packets is the same. Each data packet generated by a node is sent to any two-hop neighbor node, and each data packet has the same probability of being sent to 16 two-hop neighbor nodes. In order to make the nodes on the boundary also have 16 two-hop neighbor nodes, the boundary needs to be expanded, that is, two layers of nodes (gray nodes) are expanded in all four directions, but these additional nodes will not generate data flow, only as a boundary Node's destination node and forwarding node exist. The simulation adopts static routing, and the figure only shows the static routing of one node (circular node), and the routing of other nodes is similar.
在本发明的仿真过程中，声速取1500m/s，控制帧RTS、CTS和ACK的长度均取9Bytes。在仿真过程中，对不同数据包长度、不同通信速率和不同网格间距下的现有技术（UW-CSMA/CA）和采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法的负载-吞吐量进行仿真比较。In the simulation process of the present invention, the speed of sound is 1500m/s, and the lengths of the control frames RTS, CTS and ACK are all 9Bytes. During the simulation process, the load-throughput of the existing technology (UW-CSMA/CA) under different data packet lengths, different communication rates and different grid spacings and the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention is simulated Compare.
在仿真过程中所涉及的全网负载和吞吐量的定义如下：The definition of the whole network load and throughput involved in the simulation process is as follows:
图4为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在数据包长度为128Bytes、256Bytes和512Bytes下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中通信速率为1024bps，平均网格间距为1000m。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the comparative results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art when the data packet length is 128Bytes, 256Bytes and 512Bytes, the communication rate in the simulation is 1024bps, and the average grid spacing is 1000m.
图5为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在数据包长度为128Bytes、256Bytes和512Bytes下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中通信速率为2048bps，平均网格间距为1000m。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method adopting the silent method of the present invention and the prior art when the data packet length is 128Bytes, 256Bytes and 512Bytes, the communication rate in the simulation is 2048bps, and the average grid spacing is 1000m.
图6为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在数据包长度为128Bytes、256Bytes和512Bytes下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中通信速率为4096bps，平均网格间距为1000m。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art when the data packet length is 128Bytes, 256Bytes and 512Bytes, the communication rate in the simulation is 4096bps, and the average grid spacing is 1000m.
从图4、图5和图6中可以看出，随着数据包长度增加，协议在握手成功后的单次通信效率增加，两种协议的吞吐量都得到提高。在相同数据包长度下，采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法在吞吐量上明显高于现有技术。It can be seen from Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 that as the length of the data packet increases, the single communication efficiency of the protocol increases after the handshake is successful, and the throughput of the two protocols is improved. Under the same data packet length, the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method adopting the silent method of the present invention is obviously higher than that of the prior art.
图7为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在通信速率为1024bps、2048bps和4096bps下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中数据包长度为128Bytes，平均网格间距为1000m。Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art at communication rates of 1024bps, 2048bps and 4096bps. The length of the data packet in the simulation is 128Bytes, and the average grid spacing is 1000m.
图8为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在通信速率为1024bps、2048bps和4096bps下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中数据包长度为256Bytes，平均网格间距为1000m。Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art at communication rates of 1024bps, 2048bps and 4096bps. The length of the data packet in the simulation is 256Bytes, and the average grid spacing is 1000m.
图9为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在通信速率为1024bps、2048bps和4096bps下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中数据包长度为512Bytes，平均网格间距为1000m。Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art at communication rates of 1024bps, 2048bps and 4096bps. The length of the data packet in the simulation is 512Bytes, and the average grid spacing is 1000m.
从图7、图8和图9中可以看出，随着通信速率增加，数据包的发送时间降低，而传播延迟未相应地减小，通信效率降低，两种协议的吞吐量都会降低。在相同通信速率下，采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法在吞吐量上明显高于现有技术。It can be seen from Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 that as the communication rate increases, the sending time of the data packet decreases, while the propagation delay does not decrease correspondingly, the communication efficiency decreases, and the throughput of the two protocols will decrease. Under the same communication rate, the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method adopting the silent method of the present invention is obviously higher than that of the prior art.
图10为采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法与现有技术在平均网格间距为500m、1000m和2000m下的吞吐量进行仿真的比较结果示意图，仿真中数据包长度为256Bytes，通信速率为2048bps。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the simulation of the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method using the silent method of the present invention and the prior art when the average grid spacing is 500m, 1000m and 2000m, the data packet length in the simulation is 256Bytes, and the communication rate It is 2048bps.
从图10中可以看出，随着平均网格间距增大，传播延迟增大，RTS-CTS握手时间延长，通信效率降低，两种协议的吞吐量都会降低。在相同平均网格间距下，采用本发明静默方法的水声网络通信方法在吞吐量上明显高于现有技术。It can be seen from Figure 10 that as the average grid spacing increases, the propagation delay increases, the RTS-CTS handshake time prolongs, the communication efficiency decreases, and the throughput of both protocols decreases. Under the same average grid spacing, the throughput of the underwater acoustic network communication method adopting the silent method of the present invention is obviously higher than that of the prior art.
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the claims.
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| CN201310340523.6ACN104348560B (en) | 2013-08-07 | 2013-08-07 | The node based on UW CSMA/CA is mourned in silence method in underwater acoustic network communication |
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