技术领域technical field
本发明涉及射频识别技术领域，具体地，涉及宽带超高频（Ultra HighFrequency）电子标签天线及采用该天线的电子标签。The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency identification, in particular to a broadband ultra high frequency (Ultra High Frequency) electronic tag antenna and an electronic tag using the antenna.
背景技术Background technique
RFID是射频识别技术（Radio Frequency Identification）的英文缩写，射频识别技术是20世纪90年代开始兴起的一种自动识别技术，该技术利用射频信号通过空间耦合（交变磁场或电磁场）实现无接触信息传递并通过所传递的信息达到识别的目的。RFID技术在物品识别跟踪方面有着无可比拟的技术优势，因而在生产、零售、物流、交通等各个行业有着广阔的应用前景。RFID is the English abbreviation of radio frequency identification technology (Radio Frequency Identification). Radio frequency identification technology is an automatic identification technology that began to emerge in the 1990s. This technology uses radio frequency signals to realize contactless information through spatial coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field). Transfer and achieve the purpose of identification through the information transferred. RFID technology has unparalleled technical advantages in item identification and tracking, so it has broad application prospects in various industries such as production, retail, logistics, and transportation.
随着UHF RFID技术在我国的蓬勃发展，国家也制定了相应的技术规范，特别是《800/900MHz频段射频识别（RFID）技术应用规定（试行）》的发布，规范了我国UHF RFID设备的工作频段为840MHz～845MHz和920Mhz～925MHz两个频段。With the vigorous development of UHF RFID technology in my country, the country has also formulated corresponding technical specifications, especially the release of "800/900MHz Frequency Band Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology Application Regulations (Trial)", which regulates the work of UHF RFID equipment in my country The frequency bands are 840MHz～845MHz and 920Mhz～925MHz.
传统的超高频电子标签天线都是窄带工作（20MHz以内）的偶极子或者折叠偶极子天线，尽管阻抗和Q值容易调节，但无法同时适应两个频段，直接造成了不同的频段必须更换不同的标签，从成本到效率都是较大的浪费。Traditional UHF electronic tag antennas are dipole or folded dipole antennas with narrow band work (within 20MHz). Although the impedance and Q value are easy to adjust, they cannot adapt to two frequency bands at the same time, which directly causes different frequency bands to be Replacing different labels is a big waste in terms of cost and efficiency.
现有的宽带天线技术尽管适合中国频谱规范，但大多数都采用了特殊的基板材料或者复杂的天线结构，导致天线的制造成本较高或者制造难度加大；同时由于不同芯片的阻抗情况不同，复杂结构的天线很难简单定量的调谐阻抗和Q值，从而增加了设计难度和研发成本。Although the existing broadband antenna technology is suitable for China's spectrum regulations, most of them use special substrate materials or complex antenna structures, resulting in higher manufacturing costs or greater difficulty in manufacturing antennas; at the same time, due to the different impedance conditions of different chips, It is difficult to simply and quantitatively tune the impedance and Q value of an antenna with a complex structure, which increases the difficulty of design and the cost of research and development.
综上所述，现有技术中的绝大多数超高频电子标签天线都是窄带的偶极子天线，因为偶极子天线简单易于制造，阻抗调节范围较大，非常适合射频识别系统的应用。但是基于中国标准的实际情况，同一个设计方案无法同时满足两个频段的正常工作，而现有的宽带天线设计一般为较为厚重的贴片天线，需要特殊介质层，成本较高，而且易用性较差；复杂的分型天线或者环路感应天线，不易调节，普遍适应性不强。In summary, the vast majority of UHF electronic tag antennas in the prior art are narrow-band dipole antennas, because dipole antennas are simple and easy to manufacture, and have a large impedance adjustment range, which is very suitable for the application of radio frequency identification systems . However, based on the actual situation of Chinese standards, the same design scheme cannot satisfy the normal operation of two frequency bands at the same time, and the existing broadband antenna design is generally a relatively thick patch antenna, which requires a special dielectric layer, high cost, and easy to use. Poor performance; complex parting antennas or loop induction antennas are not easy to adjust, and generally have poor adaptability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是为了克服现有技术天线无法同时满足两个频段的工作需要的缺陷，根据本发明的一个方面，提出一种宽带UHF RFID电子标签天线。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defect that the prior art antenna cannot meet the working needs of two frequency bands at the same time. According to one aspect of the present invention, a broadband UHF RFID electronic tag antenna is proposed.
根据本发明实施例的宽带UHF RFID电子标签天线，包括天线基板、金属内环和金属外环，金属内环和金属外环设置在天线基板表面，呈封闭环状的金属内环上设有天线馈电点，金属内环与金属外环相连，金属外环包括折叠偶极子臂和贴片负载，折叠偶极子臂与贴片负载相连构成封闭的环形结构。The broadband UHF RFID electronic tag antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an antenna substrate, a metal inner ring and a metal outer ring, the metal inner ring and the metal outer ring are arranged on the surface of the antenna substrate, and the metal inner ring in a closed ring shape is provided with an antenna At the feed point, the metal inner ring is connected to the metal outer ring, and the metal outer ring includes folded dipole arms and patch loads, and the folded dipole arms are connected to the patch load to form a closed ring structure.
本发明是为了克服现有技术天线无法同时满足两个频段的工作需要的缺陷，根据本发明的另一个方面，提出一种宽带UHF RFID电子标签。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defect that the prior art antenna cannot meet the working needs of two frequency bands at the same time. According to another aspect of the present invention, a broadband UHF RFID electronic tag is proposed.
根据本发明实施例的宽带UHF RFID电子标签，包括标签天线和标签芯片，标签天线包括天线基板、金属内环和金属外环，金属内环和金属外环设置在天线基板表面，呈封闭环状的金属内环上设有天线馈电点，标签芯片固定连接在天线馈电点上，金属内环与金属外环相连，金属外环包括折叠偶极子臂和贴片负载，折叠偶极子臂与贴片负载相连构成封闭的环形结构。The broadband UHF RFID electronic tag according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a tag antenna and a tag chip, and the tag antenna includes an antenna substrate, a metal inner ring and a metal outer ring, and the metal inner ring and the metal outer ring are arranged on the surface of the antenna substrate in a closed ring shape There is an antenna feed point on the metal inner ring, the tag chip is fixedly connected to the antenna feed point, the metal inner ring is connected to the metal outer ring, the metal outer ring includes a folded dipole arm and a patch load, and the folded dipole The arm is connected with the patch load to form a closed ring structure.
本发明的宽带UHF RFID电子标签天线和电子标签，结构设计简单，适应性强，易于低成本的实现，能够完全覆盖了我国UHF RFID设备的两个工作频段；金属内环设置有天线馈电点，组成了中心闭环，易于调节天线阻抗虚部，方便适应不同种类的芯片。The broadband UHF RFID electronic tag antenna and electronic tag of the present invention have simple structural design, strong adaptability, easy low-cost implementation, and can completely cover the two working frequency bands of UHF RFID equipment in my country; the metal inner ring is provided with an antenna feed point , forming a central closed loop, which is easy to adjust the imaginary part of the antenna impedance, and is convenient to adapt to different types of chips.
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在所写的说明书、权利要求书、以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the description, and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1为本发明的宽带UHF RFID电子标签天线的整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of broadband UHF RFID electronic tag antenna of the present invention;
图2为现有技术中折叠偶极子天线的结构图；2 is a structural diagram of a folded dipole antenna in the prior art;
图3为本发明天线阻抗随频率的变化曲线示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the change curve of antenna impedance with frequency in the present invention;
图4为本发明S11参数曲线的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the S11 parameter curve of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.
本发明是基于偶极子天线的宽带天线，同时兼具偶极子天线的低成本、灵活性和大带宽的普适性，非常适合现有的中国标准应用。The invention is a broadband antenna based on a dipole antenna, and has the low cost, flexibility and wide-bandwidth universality of the dipole antenna at the same time, and is very suitable for the application of existing Chinese standards.
本发明提供了一种基于偶极子结构的宽带电子标签天线设计。具体的说就是该天线采用了改进的折叠偶极子天线结构，实现了超过100MHz带宽的阻抗匹配能力，很好的覆盖了中国超高频射频识别频带规范内的两个频段。The invention provides a design of a broadband electronic tag antenna based on a dipole structure. Specifically, the antenna adopts an improved folded dipole antenna structure, which achieves an impedance matching capability of more than 100MHz bandwidth, and well covers the two frequency bands within the China UHF RFID band specification.
如图1所示，本发明公开了一种宽带UHF RFID电子标签天线（以下简称标签天线），由矩形的天线基板1和位于天线基板上的金属走线组成。其中，金属走线设置在天线基板1的表面，优选地，该金属走线为铜线走线，该金属走线设置在天线基板的正面，反面无金属走线。As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention discloses a broadband UHF RFID electronic tag antenna (hereinafter referred to as tag antenna), which consists of a rectangular antenna substrate 1 and metal traces on the antenna substrate. Wherein, the metal wires are arranged on the surface of the antenna substrate 1 , preferably, the metal wires are copper wires, and the metal wires are arranged on the front side of the antenna substrate, and there is no metal wires on the back side.
金属走线包括：金属内环3和金属外环，金属内环3和金属外环均为矩形结构，金属内环3上设有天线馈电点2，即放置宽带UHF RFID电子标签芯片（以下简称标签芯片）的位置，通过引线键合的方式可以使标签天线和标签芯片组成完整的标签产品。金属外环包括折叠偶极子臂4和贴片负载5，折叠偶极子臂4与贴片负载5相连构成封闭的环形结构，金属外环为2个，金属内环3为1个，构成1组标签天线，2个金属外环呈轴对称设置在1个金属内环3的两侧。优选地，本发明标签天线的金属外环的数量可以为金属内环数量的两倍，构成多组标签天线。The metal wiring includes: a metal inner ring 3 and a metal outer ring. The metal inner ring 3 and the metal outer ring are both rectangular structures. The metal inner ring 3 is provided with an antenna feed point 2, which is to place a broadband UHF RFID electronic tag chip (hereinafter Tag chip for short), the tag antenna and tag chip can form a complete tag product by wire bonding. The metal outer ring includes a folded dipole arm 4 and a patch load 5. The folded dipole arm 4 is connected to the patch load 5 to form a closed ring structure. There are two metal outer rings and one metal inner ring 3, forming In one set of tag antennas, two metal outer rings are axisymmetrically arranged on both sides of one metal inner ring 3 . Preferably, the number of metal outer rings of the tag antenna of the present invention can be twice the number of metal inner rings, forming multiple sets of tag antennas.
矩形环状的金属内环和金属外环，与标签芯片直接连接，天线阻抗对矩形环的尺寸变化很敏感，所以调节金属内环和金属外环的尺寸能够方便并有效的调节标签天线阻抗，特别是阻抗虚部；而调节折叠偶极子臂4和贴片负载5的尺寸可以调整天线的辐射能力特别是通过调整贴片负载5的宽度，可以方便的调整天线阻抗的实部，从而与芯片阻抗共轭匹配，以达到最大能量传输。The rectangular metal inner ring and metal outer ring are directly connected to the tag chip. The antenna impedance is very sensitive to the size change of the rectangular ring, so adjusting the size of the metal inner ring and metal outer ring can easily and effectively adjust the tag antenna impedance. Especially the imaginary part of the impedance; and adjusting the size of the folded dipole arm 4 and the patch load 5 can adjust the radiation capability of the antenna, especially by adjusting the width of the patch load 5, the real part of the antenna impedance can be adjusted easily, thereby being consistent with Chip impedance conjugate matching to achieve maximum energy transfer.
其中，每个金属外环由两段折叠偶极子臂4和一段贴片负载5组成，贴片负载5的两端分别与折叠偶极子臂4的各一端相连，折叠偶极子臂4的另一端分别与金属内环3的矩形对边相连。Wherein, each metal outer ring is composed of two folded dipole arms 4 and a patch load 5, the two ends of the patch load 5 are respectively connected with one end of the folded dipole arms 4, and the folded dipole arms 4 The other end of each is connected to the rectangular opposite sides of the metal inner ring 3 respectively.
本发明的标签天线，天线基板1采用包括普通FR4印刷电路板在内的任何绝缘介质板材，厚度为0.8mm，介电常数是4.4，损耗角正切为0.02。金属内环3和折叠偶极子臂4的金属线宽是1mm，呈矩形的金属内环3的面积为18mm*8mm；每段折叠偶极子臂4长度为61mm；贴片负载5的面积为16mm*4mm。In the tag antenna of the present invention, the antenna substrate 1 adopts any insulating dielectric plate including common FR4 printed circuit boards, with a thickness of 0.8 mm, a dielectric constant of 4.4, and a loss tangent of 0.02. The metal line width of the metal inner ring 3 and the folded dipole arm 4 is 1mm, and the area of the rectangular metal inner ring 3 is 18mm*8mm; the length of each folded dipole arm 4 is 61mm; the area of the patch load 5 It is 16mm*4mm.
本发明的无源超高频电子标签需要通过整流阅读器发出的电磁波来获取能量完成通信。一般来说，标签芯片的输入阻抗为复数，且为容性，这就需要标签天线具有感性的复数阻抗与之形成共轭匹配，从而达到能量传输最大化。The passive UHF electronic tag of the present invention needs to rectify the electromagnetic waves emitted by the reader to obtain energy to complete communication. Generally speaking, the input impedance of the tag chip is complex and capacitive, which requires the tag antenna to have an inductive complex impedance to form a conjugate match with it, so as to maximize energy transmission.
本发明实施例的超高频标签芯片在922.5MHz频点的阻抗是32-j145Ω。如图3所示，可以看出，本发明实施例的标签天线在840MHz到920MHz频段内，天线阻抗从41.3+j126.6变化到31.3+j155，变化趋势非常平稳。图4为本发明标签天线的S11参数曲线，830MHz到950MHz的频带内，S11都小于-10dB，也就是整个标签天线的带宽超过了120MHz，而且完全覆盖了我国UHF RFID设备的两个工作频段。The impedance of the UHF tag chip in the embodiment of the present invention at the frequency point of 922.5 MHz is 32-j145Ω. As shown in FIG. 3 , it can be seen that the antenna impedance of the tag antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention changes from 41.3+j126.6 to 31.3+j155 in the frequency band of 840 MHz to 920 MHz, and the change trend is very stable. Fig. 4 is the S11 parameter curve of the tag antenna of the present invention, in the frequency band of 830MHz to 950MHz, S11 is less than -10dB, that is, the bandwidth of the whole tag antenna exceeds 120MHz, and completely covers the two working frequency bands of UHF RFID equipment in my country.
需要说明的是，本发明的标签天线，可以通过调节贴片负载5的面积大小，方便的调整标签天线的辐射阻抗，以方便适应不同类型的标签芯片。It should be noted that the tag antenna of the present invention can conveniently adjust the radiation impedance of the tag antenna by adjusting the size of the chip load 5 so as to adapt to different types of tag chips.
现有的折叠偶极子天线如图2所示，主要是在远场利用电场耦合的原理进行工作，中心的小闭环在近场利用磁场耦合进行工作，同时调节阻抗虚部；而折叠偶极子臂的等效电长度对应一个固定工作频率的二分之一波长。如果工作频率发生变化，现有的折叠偶极子天线的阻抗则会发生较大变化，直接导致天线和芯片阻抗严重失配，反射能量增大，入射能量降低，对外表现就是在较宽频带内工作时性能波动明显，无法在宽带应用场合正常工作；与此同时，这种折叠偶极子天线在近场的磁场耦合能力有限，容易出现近场反而不易读出，存在识别盲点的现象。The existing folded dipole antenna is shown in Figure 2, which mainly works on the principle of electric field coupling in the far field, and the small closed loop in the center uses magnetic field coupling to work in the near field, while adjusting the imaginary part of impedance; while the folded dipole The equivalent electrical length of the sub-arm corresponds to one-half wavelength of a fixed operating frequency. If the working frequency changes, the impedance of the existing folded dipole antenna will change greatly, which will directly cause a serious mismatch between the antenna and the chip impedance, increase the reflected energy, and reduce the incident energy. The external performance is that it is in a wider frequency band The performance fluctuates significantly during operation, and it cannot work normally in broadband applications. At the same time, this folded dipole antenna has limited magnetic field coupling capability in the near field, and it is easy to appear in the near field but difficult to read out, and there is a phenomenon of blind spot identification.
本发明实施例由于采用了上述结构，特别是通过图1中折叠偶极子臂4和贴片负载5组成的改进型折叠偶极子结构，将每个开放的偶极子臂接成闭环，在远场辐射时同样可以通过磁场耦合方式工作，由于磁场耦合方式对于频率的变化不敏感，这样保证了当工作频率偏移时，标签天线的阻抗变化较慢，对外表现就是标签天线可以在较宽频率下工作，同时在近场的磁场耦合能力明显增强，对提高识别率有积极的作用。The embodiment of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned structure, especially through the improved folded dipole structure composed of the folded dipole arm 4 and the patch load 5 in Fig. 1, and connects each open dipole arm into a closed loop, In the case of far-field radiation, it can also work through magnetic field coupling. Since the magnetic field coupling method is not sensitive to frequency changes, it ensures that when the operating frequency shifts, the impedance of the tag antenna changes slowly. It works at a wide frequency, and at the same time, the magnetic field coupling ability in the near field is significantly enhanced, which has a positive effect on improving the recognition rate.
本发明的标签天线，由折叠偶极子臂4和贴片负载5组成标签天线的外围闭环，形成改进型的折叠偶极子臂，可以在远场区域感应电磁信号，有利于扩大天线工作带宽。The tag antenna of the present invention consists of a folded dipole arm 4 and a patch load 5 to form a peripheral closed loop of the tag antenna, forming an improved folded dipole arm, which can induce electromagnetic signals in the far field area, and is conducive to expanding the working bandwidth of the antenna .
另外，本发明实施例还公开了一种宽带UHF RFID电子标签，包括标签天线和标签芯片，标签天线包括天线基板、金属内环和金属外环，金属内环和金属外环设置在天线基板表面，呈封闭环状的金属内环上设有天线馈电点，标签芯片固定连接在天线馈电点上，金属内环与金属外环相连，金属外环包括折叠偶极子臂和贴片负载，折叠偶极子臂与贴片负载相连构成封闭的环形结构。In addition, the embodiment of the present invention also discloses a broadband UHF RFID electronic tag, including a tag antenna and a tag chip. The tag antenna includes an antenna substrate, a metal inner ring and a metal outer ring, and the metal inner ring and the metal outer ring are arranged on the surface of the antenna substrate. The antenna feed point is set on the closed metal inner ring, the tag chip is fixedly connected to the antenna feed point, the metal inner ring is connected to the metal outer ring, and the metal outer ring includes a folded dipole arm and a patch load , the folded dipole arm is connected with the patch load to form a closed ring structure.
其中的标签天线为上文的本发明实施例的宽带UHF RFID电子标签天线，具体内容不再赘述。The tag antenna is the broadband UHF RFID electronic tag antenna of the embodiment of the present invention above, and the specific content will not be repeated.
本发明的标签天线和电子标签，结构设计简单，适应性强，易于低成本的实现，能够完全覆盖了我国UHF RFID设备的两个工作频段；金属内环3设置有天线馈电点2，组成了中心闭环，易于调节天线阻抗虚部，方便适应不同种类的芯片。The tag antenna and the electronic tag of the present invention have simple structural design, strong adaptability, and are easy to realize at low cost, and can completely cover the two working frequency bands of UHF RFID equipment in my country; the metal inner ring 3 is provided with an antenna feed point 2, which consists of The center closed loop is established, the imaginary part of antenna impedance is easy to adjust, and it is convenient to adapt to different types of chips.
本发明的标签天线和电子标签，由于天线整体采用闭环结构，可以有效改善近场读取方向性空洞的问题，对于提高读取率很有帮助。Since the tag antenna and the electronic tag of the present invention adopt a closed-loop structure as a whole, the problem of directional holes in near-field reading can be effectively improved, and it is very helpful for improving the reading rate.
本发明能有多种不同形式的具体实施方式，上面以说明书附图为例结合附图对本发明的技术方案作举例说明，这并不意味着本发明所应用的具体实例只能局限在特定的流程或实施例结构中，本领域的普通技术人员应当了解，上文所提供的具体实施方案只是多种优选用法中的一些示例，任何体现本发明权利要求的实施方式均应在本发明技术方案所要求保护的范围之内。The present invention can have multiple specific implementations in different forms. Above, the technical solution of the present invention is illustrated by taking the accompanying drawings as an example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This does not mean that the specific examples used in the present invention can only be limited to specific examples. In the process or example structure, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific implementations provided above are only some examples of various preferred usages, and any implementation that embodies the claims of the present invention should be included in the technical solution of the present invention. within the scope of the claimed protection.
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310344100.1ACN104347945A (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2013-08-08 | Broadband UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) electronic tag antenna and electronic tag |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310344100.1ACN104347945A (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2013-08-08 | Broadband UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) electronic tag antenna and electronic tag |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104347945Atrue CN104347945A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310344100.1APendingCN104347945A (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2013-08-08 | Broadband UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) electronic tag antenna and electronic tag |
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| CN (1) | CN104347945A (en) |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20150211 |