技术领域technical field
本发明属于液压控制阀，具体涉及一种平面密封型换向阀，可用于诸如电厂、油气开采等高温高压领域的流体控制。The invention belongs to a hydraulic control valve, in particular to a plane sealing reversing valve, which can be used for fluid control in high-temperature and high-pressure fields such as power plants and oil and gas exploitation.
背景技术Background technique
在液压系统中，液压控制阀被广泛的用于控制液压系统的流体流向，液压控制阀一般由阀芯、阀体、驱动机构等主要零部件组成，根据阀芯密封性形式的差异，常用的液压控制阀可以分为滑阀类和提升阀类两大类：In the hydraulic system, the hydraulic control valve is widely used to control the fluid flow direction of the hydraulic system. The hydraulic control valve is generally composed of main parts such as the valve core, the valve body, and the driving mechanism. According to the difference in the sealing form of the valve core, the commonly used Hydraulic control valves can be divided into two categories: slide valves and poppet valves:
(1)滑阀类：阀芯为圆柱形，阀芯及阀体上开有沉割槽，阀芯与阀体间隙配合密封，通过阀芯在阀体孔内的相对滑动来改变液流通路的通断，以实现对流体的控制；滑阀类换向阀由于具有结构简单，换向切换迅速，阀芯所受的不平衡力较小，换向所需操纵力较小等优点而被广泛的应用于液压传动控制系统中。但是滑阀类换向阀的阀芯与阀体需要保证相对运动的间隙，所以主要靠阀芯与阀体的间隙配合来密封，泄漏往往难以避免。特别是对于诸如水这种低粘度的工作介质，在同样的配合间隙和压差下，介质的泄漏损失会成数十倍的增加。因此，为了减小泄漏量就必须减小阀芯阀体的配合间隙，这必然会给加工工艺提出更高的要求，相对运动时也会造成运动副的卡紧力增大，甚至出现卡死的现象，所需的操纵力也会更大。如德国Hauhinco公司生产的滑阀，为得到很小的配合间隙，滑阀阀芯采用陶瓷制作，极大的提高加工难度和加工成本，抗污染能力差容易堵塞，因此应用受到了极大的限制。(1) Spool valve: The valve core is cylindrical, and there are sinking grooves on the valve core and the valve body. The gap between the valve core and the valve body is sealed. The on-off of the spool valve is used to control the fluid; the spool valve has the advantages of simple structure, quick reversing switching, small unbalanced force on the valve core, and small operating force required for reversing. Widely used in hydraulic transmission control system. However, the valve core and the valve body of the spool valve type reversing valve need to ensure a relative movement clearance, so the seal is mainly based on the clearance between the valve core and the valve body, and leakage is often unavoidable. Especially for low-viscosity working media such as water, under the same fit clearance and pressure difference, the leakage loss of the media will increase dozens of times. Therefore, in order to reduce the leakage, it is necessary to reduce the matching clearance of the valve core and the valve body, which will inevitably put forward higher requirements for the processing technology, and will also cause the clamping force of the kinematic pair to increase during relative movement, and even jam. phenomenon, the required manipulation force will be greater. For example, the spool valve produced by Hauhinco in Germany, in order to obtain a small fit clearance, the spool valve core is made of ceramics, which greatly increases the processing difficulty and cost, and the poor anti-pollution ability is easy to block, so the application is greatly restricted. .
(2)提升阀类：这类阀包括锥阀、球阀、平板阀，阀芯与阀座为无间隙密封配合，主要利用阀芯相对阀座孔的移动来改变液流通路的开断，以实现对流体的控制。提升阀类换向阀过流能力强，阀芯能完全关死，阀的泄漏小(甚至无泄漏)，抗污染能力强，响应速度快，在液压系统中也被广泛的应用。虽然提升阀拥有良好的密封性能，但是阀芯受到的轴向液压力不平衡，同时为了得到稳定的动态性能，弹簧刚度往往较大，特别是对于高压情况下时，就会需要很大的操纵力，而且为了实现对流体多通路的同时控制，往往需要将多个单体的提升阀进行组合。如芬兰Danfoss研制的锥阀式三位四通换向阀，由4组单向可控锥阀进行组合，分别用4组电磁铁对其进行单独控制，这类阀过流能力强，抗气蚀性能好，但受加工精度影响，无法完全克服轴向不平衡压力，所需的操纵力也较大，由于由多个单阀组合而成，不仅体积较大而且成本也较高。(2) Poppet valves: These valves include cone valves, ball valves, and flat valves. The valve core and the valve seat are seamlessly sealed. To achieve fluid control. The poppet valve type directional valve has strong flow capacity, the valve core can be completely closed, the valve leakage is small (or even no leakage), the anti-pollution ability is strong, and the response speed is fast, so it is also widely used in hydraulic systems. Although the poppet valve has good sealing performance, the axial hydraulic pressure on the valve core is unbalanced, and in order to obtain stable dynamic performance, the spring stiffness is often large, especially for high pressure conditions, it will require a lot of manipulation Force, and in order to achieve simultaneous control of multiple fluid channels, it is often necessary to combine multiple poppet valves. For example, the cone valve type three-position four-way reversing valve developed by Danfoss in Finland is composed of four sets of one-way controllable cone valves, which are individually controlled by four sets of electromagnets. The corrosion performance is good, but affected by the machining accuracy, the axial unbalanced pressure cannot be completely overcome, and the required operating force is also relatively large. Since it is composed of multiple single valves, it is not only large in size but also high in cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种平面密封型换向阀，用于多通道的流体切换，解决现有换向阀换向操纵力较大，抗污染能力差，加工工艺难度大，成本高等问题。The invention provides a plane-sealed reversing valve, which is used for multi-channel fluid switching, and solves the problems of the existing reversing valve, such as large reversing control force, poor anti-pollution ability, difficult processing technology, and high cost.
本发明所提供的一种平面密封型换向阀，包括下阀座、支撑座、滑块、上阀座、固定阀芯、碟簧、浮动阀芯、套筒、滚珠丝杠组件、连接螺套、推杆、减速电机，其特征在于：A plane sealing reversing valve provided by the present invention includes a lower valve seat, a support seat, a slider, an upper valve seat, a fixed valve core, a disc spring, a floating valve core, a sleeve, a ball screw assembly, a connecting screw A sleeve, a push rod, and a geared motor are characterized in that:
所述下阀座上放置有支撑座，所述支撑座为矩形框，其一边具有螺纹孔，用于连接套筒，滑块放置在支撑座内并能够自由滑动，上阀座覆盖于支撑座和滑块上端面，下阀座、支撑座及上阀座通过螺柱连接固定，将滑块封闭；A support seat is placed on the lower valve seat. The support seat is a rectangular frame with a threaded hole on one side for connecting the sleeve. The slider is placed in the support seat and can slide freely. The upper valve seat covers the support seat. The upper end surface of the slider, the lower valve seat, the support seat and the upper valve seat are connected and fixed by studs to close the slider;
所述滑块为矩形立方体，其上端面具有圆形的上凹槽，其下端面具有圆形的下凹槽，上凹槽和下凹槽的圆心同轴并通过轴向连通孔连通，上凹槽底部具有和轴向连通孔同心的环形槽，其内安装有滑块密封圈；滑块的侧面具有螺纹盲孔，用于和推杆螺纹连接；The slider is a rectangular cube with a circular upper groove on its upper end surface and a circular lower groove on its lower end surface. The centers of the upper groove and the lower groove are coaxial and communicated through an axial communication hole. The bottom of the groove has an annular groove concentric with the axial communication hole, and a slider sealing ring is installed in it; the side of the slider has a threaded blind hole for threaded connection with the push rod;
所述固定阀芯为圆盘形，嵌于所述上凹槽内，固定阀芯的上端面具有同心的内圆槽和外环槽；The fixed valve core is disc-shaped, embedded in the upper groove, and the upper end surface of the fixed valve core has concentric inner circular grooves and outer ring grooves;
所述下凹槽内自上而下装有碟簧和浮动阀芯，碟簧和浮动阀芯一起进行动态补偿；浮动阀芯为圆柱形，具有沿其轴线的轴向通孔，浮动阀芯外圆周具有环形凹槽，其内安装有阀芯密封圈，使得浮动阀芯与所述下凹槽配合形成密封；The disc spring and the floating spool are installed in the lower groove from top to bottom, and the disc spring and the floating spool perform dynamic compensation together; the floating spool is cylindrical and has an axial through hole along its axis, and the floating spool The outer circumference has an annular groove, and a valve core sealing ring is installed in it, so that the floating valve core cooperates with the lower groove to form a seal;
所述上阀座上具有第一换向油口、第二换向油口、进油口及第一回油口、第二回油口，第一换向油口、第二换向油口、进油口及第一回油口与固定阀芯的内圆槽圆心处于同一水平轴线上，第二回油口位于进油口垂直上方；进油口位于内圆槽圆心右侧S/2处，第一换向油口、第二换向油口对称分布在进油口右左两侧，与进油口距离均为(r2+r3-S)/2，第一回油口位于进油口右侧(r2+r3+S)/2处；第二回油口在进油口垂直上方处，所述第一回油口和第二回油口通过上阀座内的十字沟通油路连通，S为滚珠丝杠组件的行程，r1为内圆槽的半径，r2、r3分别为外环槽的内径和外径，且2r1>S>(r2+r3-2r1)/2；The upper valve seat has a first reversing oil port, a second reversing oil port, an oil inlet, a first oil return port, a second oil return port, a first reversing oil port, and a second reversing oil port. , The oil inlet and the first oil return port are on the same horizontal axis as the center of the inner circular groove of the fixed valve core, the second oil return port is located vertically above the oil inlet; the oil inlet is located at S/2 to the right of the center of the inner circular groove , the first reversing oil port and the second reversing oil port are symmetrically distributed on the right and left sides of the oil inlet, and the distance from the oil inlet is (r2+r3-S)/2, and the first oil return port is located at the oil inlet (r2+r3+S)/2 on the right side of the port; the second oil return port is vertically above the oil inlet , the first oil return port and the second oil return port are connected through the cross communication oil passage in the upper valve seat, S is the stroke of the ball screw assembly, r1 is the radius of the inner circular groove, r2 and r3 are the outer The inner diameter and outer diameter of the ring groove, and 2r1>S>(r2+r3-2r1)/2;
所述套筒为具有内空腔的圆筒，其前端封闭并形成凸台，凸台侧面具有外螺纹，以与所述螺纹孔螺纹连接，凸台端面具有轴向连通内空腔的推杆孔，所述内空腔中装有滚珠丝杠组件和连接螺套；The sleeve is a cylinder with an inner cavity, its front end is closed and forms a boss, the side of the boss has external threads for threaded connection with the threaded hole, and the end surface of the boss has a push rod axially connected to the inner cavity hole, the ball screw assembly and the connecting screw sleeve are housed in the inner cavity;
所述滚珠丝杠组件由丝杠、滚珠螺母、滚珠导套、钢珠、左端限位销、右端限位销构成；所述滚珠螺母为具有轴向通孔的二阶台阶轴，其小端具有外螺纹；丝杠上套有嵌入钢珠的滚珠导套，丝杠连同滚珠导套穿过滚珠螺母的轴向通孔并形成间隙配合，所述钢珠与丝杠配合，丝杠上接近左右两端分别安装有左端限位销、右端限位销，以对嵌入钢珠的滚珠导套运动加以限制；The ball screw assembly is composed of a screw, a ball nut, a ball guide bush, a steel ball, a limit pin at the left end, and a limit pin at the right end; the ball nut is a two-stage stepped shaft with an axial through hole, and its small end has a External thread; the ball screw is covered with a ball guide bush embedded with steel balls. The lead screw and the ball guide bush pass through the axial through hole of the ball nut and form a clearance fit. The steel ball is matched with the lead screw, and the lead screw is close to the left and right ends The left end limit pin and the right end limit pin are respectively installed to limit the movement of the ball guide bush embedded with steel balls;
所述连接螺套为二阶台阶轴，其小端内加工有球窝，连接螺套的大端具有轴向空腔，轴向空腔口部具有内螺纹，以与滚珠螺母的小端连接；The connecting screw sleeve is a two-step stepped shaft, and a ball socket is processed in its small end. The large end of the connecting screw sleeve has an axial cavity, and the mouth of the axial cavity has an internal thread to connect with the small end of the ball nut. ;
所述推杆由螺杆段、杆身和尾部球头连为一体构成；推杆的杆身穿过套筒的推杆孔，螺杆段和滑块侧面的螺纹盲孔螺纹连接，尾部球头位于连接螺套的球窝内；The push rod is composed of a screw section, a shaft and a tail ball; the shaft of the push rod passes through the push rod hole of the sleeve, the screw section is threaded with the threaded blind hole on the side of the slider, and the tail ball is located In the ball socket of the connecting threaded sleeve;
所述减速电机通过螺钉连接于所述套筒的内空腔端口，减速电机的电机轴与丝杠右端通过键销连接，通过丝杠将减速电机的旋转运动转换为滑块的直线运动；The deceleration motor is connected to the inner cavity port of the sleeve through a screw, the motor shaft of the deceleration motor is connected with the right end of the lead screw through a key pin, and the rotational motion of the deceleration motor is converted into the linear motion of the slider through the lead screw;
当滚珠螺母运动到极限位置被左端限位销或右端限位销挡住时，左端限位销或右端限位销挡住滚珠导套阻止其做直线运动，减速电机继续工作，由于在螺纹间隙中的钢珠无法继续做直线运动，使得丝杠带动滚珠导套和滚珠螺母做相对打滑运动，滚珠螺母停留在极限位置，整个滚珠丝杠组件在极限位置原地打滑，保持行程S；When the ball nut moves to the limit position and is blocked by the left limit pin or the right limit pin, the left limit pin or the right limit pin blocks the ball guide bush to prevent it from moving in a straight line, and the geared motor continues to work. The steel ball cannot continue to move in a straight line, so that the screw drives the ball guide bushing and the ball nut to make a relative sliding motion, the ball nut stays at the limit position, and the entire ball screw assembly slips in place at the limit position, maintaining the stroke S;
在滚珠丝杠组件的行程S内，进油口始终在固定阀芯的内圆槽里，第一回油口或第二回油口总有其一位于固定阀芯的外环槽里，固定阀芯做直线运动时，实现第一换向油口、第二换向油口在固定阀芯的内圆槽和外环槽之间移动，完成换向功能。In the stroke S of the ball screw assembly, the oil inlet is always in the inner circular groove of the fixed spool, and one of the first oil return port or the second oil return port is always located in the outer ring groove of the fixed spool. When the spool moves in a straight line, the first reversing oil port and the second reversing oil port move between the inner circular groove and the outer ring groove of the fixed spool to complete the reversing function.
所述的平面密封型换向阀，其进一步特征在于：The plane sealing type reversing valve is further characterized in that:
所述上阀座表面具有平行的前凸条和后凸条，形成凹字形横截面，前、后凸条和上阀座表面相交位置分别具有凹入的限位槽，The surface of the upper valve seat has parallel front convex strips and rear convex strips, forming a concave cross-section, and the intersecting positions of the front and rear convex strips and the upper valve seat surface respectively have concave limiting grooves,
第一换向油口、第二换向油口、进油口及第一回油口分别插装有连接管，连接管的管身自下而上依次具有环形密封槽和环形定位槽；The first reversing oil port, the second reversing oil port, the oil inlet and the first oil return port are respectively inserted with connecting pipes, and the pipe body of the connecting pipe has an annular sealing groove and an annular positioning groove in sequence from bottom to top;
卡片为矩形片，其侧边开有位置分别与第一换向油口、第二换向油口、进油口及第一回油口对应的四个卡口，当四个连接管分别插装入四个油口后，将卡片水平插进上阀座表面的限位槽中，通过卡片的四个卡口卡住四根连接管的环形定位槽，然后通过螺钉将卡片固定在上阀座上。The card is a rectangular piece with four bayonet slots corresponding to the first reversing oil port, the second reversing oil port, the oil inlet and the first oil return port respectively. When the four connecting pipes are respectively inserted into After the four oil ports are installed, insert the card horizontally into the limiting groove on the surface of the upper valve seat, clamp the four connecting pipes' annular positioning grooves through the four bayonets of the card, and then fix the card on the upper valve seat by screws. seat.
本发明采用上下双平面密封形式，固定阀芯与上阀座的下端面，浮动阀芯与下阀座上端面平面平配合密封，浮动阀芯、固定阀芯材料采用具有良好的自润滑性的高强度耐磨工程塑料，使阀口密封部位实现软配硬密封配合，密封比压小，结构简单安全可靠，可实现零泄漏密封。浮动阀芯在滑块内可以上下自由浮动，用以补偿阀芯磨损以及温度、压力变化，具有很好的自适应性。The present invention adopts the upper and lower double-plane sealing form, the fixed valve core and the lower end surface of the upper valve seat, the floating valve core and the upper end surface of the lower valve seat are flatly matched and sealed, and the materials of the floating valve core and the fixed valve core adopt good self-lubricating properties. High-strength and wear-resistant engineering plastics enable the sealing part of the valve port to achieve soft and hard sealing, the sealing specific pressure is small, the structure is simple, safe and reliable, and zero-leakage sealing can be realized. The floating spool can float up and down freely in the slider to compensate for the wear of the spool and changes in temperature and pressure, and has good adaptability.
固定阀芯的上端面具有同心的内圆槽和外环槽，形成双环形密封面，内圆槽为高压通道，外环槽为低压通道，通过推动滑块实现换向功能：进油口始终在固定阀芯的内圆槽里，第一回油口或第二回油口总有其一位于固定阀芯的外环槽里，固定阀芯做直线运动时，实现第一换向油口、第二换向油口在固定阀芯的内圆槽和外环槽之间移动，完成换向功能。The upper end surface of the fixed valve core has a concentric inner circular groove and an outer ring groove, forming a double ring sealing surface. The inner circular groove is a high-pressure channel, and the outer ring groove is a low-pressure channel. The reversing function is realized by pushing the slider: the oil inlet is always In the inner circular groove of the fixed spool, one of the first oil return port or the second oil return port is always located in the outer ring groove of the fixed spool. When the fixed spool moves in a straight line, the first reversing oil port is realized. , The second reversing oil port moves between the inner circular groove of the fixed valve core and the outer ring groove to complete the reversing function.
在本发明中用于驱动固定阀芯做直线往返运动的滚珠丝杠组件为固定行程的可打滑部件。滚珠螺母将在两端的极限位置与丝杠做相对打滑转动，两端极限位置的距离即为滚珠丝杠组件的行程，实际控制时只需控制减速电机的正反转即可完成的阀换向功能。In the present invention, the ball screw assembly used to drive the fixed spool to perform rectilinear reciprocating motion is a slidable component with a fixed stroke. The ball nut will slide and rotate relative to the lead screw at the extreme positions at both ends. The distance between the extreme positions at both ends is the stroke of the ball screw assembly. In actual control, only the forward and reverse rotation of the gear motor can be controlled to complete the valve reversing. Features.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、采用平面密封型阀芯，阀芯与上阀盖及下阀座通过端面进行密封，能够保证可靠换向的同时实现零泄漏；1. The flat sealing valve core is adopted, and the valve core is sealed with the upper valve cover and the lower valve seat through the end face, which can ensure reliable reversing and achieve zero leakage at the same time;
2、采用固定阀芯与浮动阀芯的组合密封形式。固定阀芯的密封面为双环形结构，通过合理布置第一换向油口、第二换向油口、进油口及第一回油口、第二回油口的位置，可实现工作介质无论是在静态还是在动态下，都完全密封在固定阀芯及浮动阀芯的密封面内，可免去阀其余部位的密封，既提高了密封的可靠性也极大的简化了阀整体结构；2. The combined sealing form of fixed spool and floating spool is adopted. The sealing surface of the fixed spool is a double-ring structure. By rationally arranging the positions of the first reversing oil port, the second reversing oil port, the oil inlet, the first oil return port and the second oil return port, the working medium Whether it is static or dynamic, it is completely sealed in the sealing surface of the fixed valve core and the floating valve core, which can eliminate the sealing of other parts of the valve, which not only improves the reliability of the seal, but also greatly simplifies the overall structure of the valve. ;
3、浮动阀芯和安装在滑块内的组合碟簧可以对阀芯长期工作所带来的磨损、工作压力及温度的变化进行补偿，在阀的全寿命周期里都具有可靠的密封性能，对工作环境温度与压力也具有更好的适应性；3. The floating spool and the combined disc spring installed in the slider can compensate the wear, working pressure and temperature changes of the spool caused by long-term work, and have reliable sealing performance in the whole life cycle of the valve. It also has better adaptability to the temperature and pressure of the working environment;
4、固定阀芯与浮动阀芯采用具有良好的自润滑性的高强度耐磨工程塑料，阀其余部件均采用耐蚀材料，工作介质可采用液压油或水。由于是上下端面密封，阀将不受侧向力作用，保证阀芯不会偏斜，选用合适的碟簧，合理的设计密封比压，因此无论工作介质采用油还是水，都可以使得阀即使在高压的情况下使用，也只需要很小的操纵力。4. The fixed valve core and floating valve core are made of high-strength wear-resistant engineering plastics with good self-lubricating properties, and the rest of the valve parts are made of corrosion-resistant materials. The working medium can be hydraulic oil or water. Because the upper and lower end faces are sealed, the valve will not be affected by lateral force to ensure that the valve core will not be deflected. The appropriate disc spring is selected and the sealing specific pressure is reasonably designed. Therefore, no matter whether the working medium is oil or water, the valve can be used even When used under high pressure, only a small manipulation force is required.
5、本发明的接口形式为插装式，即在连接管的外圆上加工有沟槽安装密封圈，与阀体上相应的安装孔相配合形成密封。连接管的固定是通过卡片卡进钢管上相应的沟槽中，再用螺钉将卡片固定在阀体上。这种安装形式安全方便快捷，无需另外配置接头，在整个系统中，可以方便灵活的拆卸。5. The interface of the present invention is a plug-in type, that is, a groove is processed on the outer circle of the connecting pipe to install a sealing ring, which cooperates with the corresponding installation hole on the valve body to form a seal. The connecting pipe is fixed by snapping the card into the corresponding groove on the steel pipe, and then fixing the card on the valve body with screws. This type of installation is safe, convenient and fast, without additional joints, and can be disassembled conveniently and flexibly throughout the system.
本发明结构简单、接口形式方便、工艺性好，能可靠地实现全寿命周期的密封，保证液压系统的可靠换向，适合于标准化、系列化生产，适用于诸如石油、天然气开采井下等高温高压严酷环境工况，可用于各种液压系统流体控制。The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient interface and good manufacturability, can reliably realize the sealing of the whole life cycle, ensure the reliable reversing of the hydraulic system, is suitable for standardized and serialized production, and is suitable for high temperature and high pressure in underground wells such as oil and natural gas exploitation. Severe environmental conditions, can be used for fluid control of various hydraulic systems.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2滑块结构示意图；Figure 2 Schematic diagram of slider structure;
图3固定阀芯结构示意图；Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed spool;
图4浮动阀芯结构示意图；Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the floating spool;
图5为图1的A-A截面图；Fig. 5 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
图6套筒结构示意图；Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the sleeve structure;
图7滚珠丝杠组件结构示意图；Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the ball screw assembly;
图8推杆结构示意图；Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the push rod structure;
图9油口与阀芯密封面相对位置布置示意图；Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the relative position arrangement of the oil port and the sealing surface of the valve core;
图10连接管结构示意图；Figure 10 Schematic diagram of connecting pipe structure;
图11为图1的俯视图.Figure 11 is a top view of Figure 1.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图对本发明进一步说明：The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1所示，本发明包括下阀座010、支撑座020、滑块030、上阀座040、固定阀芯050、碟簧060、浮动阀芯070、套筒080、滚珠丝杠组件090、连接螺套100、推杆110、减速电机120；As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes a lower valve seat 010, a support seat 020, a slider 030, an upper valve seat 040, a fixed valve core 050, a disc spring 060, a floating valve core 070, a sleeve 080, and a ball screw assembly 090 , connecting screw sleeve 100, push rod 110, reduction motor 120;
所述下阀座010上放置有支撑座020，所述支撑座020为矩形框，其一边具有螺纹孔021，用于连接套筒080，滑块030放置在支撑座020内并能够自由滑动，上阀座040覆盖于支撑座020和滑块030上端面，下阀座010、支撑座020及上阀座040通过螺柱150连接固定，将滑块30封闭；A support seat 020 is placed on the lower valve seat 010. The support seat 020 is a rectangular frame with a threaded hole 021 on one side for connecting the sleeve 080. The slider 030 is placed in the support seat 020 and can slide freely. The upper valve seat 040 covers the upper end surface of the support seat 020 and the slider 030, the lower valve seat 010, the support seat 020 and the upper valve seat 040 are connected and fixed by the stud 150, and the slider 30 is closed;
如图2所示，所述滑块030为矩形立方体，其上端面具有圆形的上凹槽031，其下端面具有圆形的下凹槽032，上凹槽031和下凹槽032的圆心同轴并通过轴向连通孔033连通，上凹槽031底部具有和轴向连通孔033同心的环形槽034，其内安装有滑块密封圈160；滑块030的侧面具有螺纹盲孔035，用于和推杆螺纹连接；As shown in Figure 2, the slider 030 is a rectangular cube, its upper end surface has a circular upper groove 031, its lower end surface has a circular lower groove 032, the center of circle of the upper groove 031 and the lower groove 032 Coaxial and communicated through the axial communication hole 033, the bottom of the upper groove 031 has an annular groove 034 concentric with the axial communication hole 033, and a slider sealing ring 160 is installed in it; the side of the slider 030 has a threaded blind hole 035, Used for threaded connection with push rod;
如图3所示，所述固定阀芯050为圆盘形，嵌于所述上凹槽031内，固定阀芯050的上端面具有同心的内圆槽051和外环槽052；As shown in Figure 3, the fixed valve core 050 is disc-shaped and embedded in the upper groove 031, and the upper end surface of the fixed valve core 050 has a concentric inner circular groove 051 and an outer ring groove 052;
所述下凹槽032内自上而下装有碟簧060和浮动阀芯070，碟簧和浮动阀芯一起进行动态补偿；如图4所示，浮动阀芯070为圆柱形，具有沿其轴线的轴向通孔071，浮动阀芯070外圆周具有环形凹槽072，其内安装有阀芯密封圈170，使得浮动阀芯070与所述下凹槽032配合形成密封；The disc spring 060 and the floating spool 070 are installed from top to bottom in the lower groove 032, and the disc spring and the floating spool perform dynamic compensation together; as shown in Figure 4, the floating spool 070 is cylindrical and has The axial through hole 071 of the axis, the outer circumference of the floating spool 070 has an annular groove 072, and a spool sealing ring 170 is installed in it, so that the floating spool 070 cooperates with the lower groove 032 to form a seal;
如图5、图9所示，所述上阀座040上具有第一换向油口04A、第二换向油口04B、进油口04P及第一回油口04T、第二回油口04W，第一换向油口04A、第二换向油口04B、进油口04P及第一回油口04T与固定阀芯050的内圆槽051圆心处于同一水平轴线上，第二回油口04W位于进油口04P垂直上方；进油口04P位于内圆槽051圆心右侧S/2处，第一换向油口04A、第二换向油口04B对称分布在进油口04P右左两侧，与进油口04P距离均为(r2+r3-S)/2，第一回油口04T位于进油口04P右侧(r2+r3+S)/2处；第二回油口04W在进油口04P垂直上方处，所述第一回油口04T和第二回油口04W通过上阀座内的十字沟通油路041连通，S为滚珠丝杠组件090的行程，r1为内圆槽051的半径，r2、r3分别为外环槽052的内径和外径，且2r1>S>(r2+r3-2r1)/2；As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 9, the upper valve seat 040 has a first reversing oil port 04A, a second reversing oil port 04B, an oil inlet 04P, a first oil return port 04T, a second oil return port 04W, the first reversing oil port 04A, the second reversing oil port 04B, the oil inlet 04P and the first oil return port 04T are on the same horizontal axis as the center of the inner circular groove 051 of the fixed spool 050, and the second oil return port The port 04W is located vertically above the oil inlet 04P; the oil inlet 04P is located at S/2 on the right side of the center of the inner circular groove 051, and the first reversing oil port 04A and the second reversing oil port 04B are symmetrically distributed on the right and left of the oil inlet 04P On both sides, the distance from the oil inlet 04P is (r2+r3-S)/2, the first oil return port 04T is located at (r2+r3+S)/2 on the right side of the oil inlet 04P; the second oil return port 04W is vertically above the oil inlet 04P , the first oil return port 04T and the second oil return port 04W communicate through the cross communication oil passage 041 in the upper valve seat, S is the stroke of the ball screw assembly 090, r1 is the radius of the inner circular groove 051, r2 , r3 are the inner diameter and outer diameter of the outer ring groove 052 respectively, and 2r1>S>(r2+r3-2r1)/2;
如图6所示，所述套筒080为具有内空腔081的圆筒，其前端封闭并形成凸台082，凸台082侧面具有外螺纹，以与所述螺纹孔021螺纹连接，凸台端面具有轴向连通内空腔081的推杆孔083，所述内空腔081中装有滚珠丝杠组件090和连接螺套100，在内空腔081的右端口加工有安装孔084，用于通过螺钉与减速电机120连接固定；As shown in Figure 6, the sleeve 080 is a cylinder with an inner cavity 081, its front end is closed and forms a boss 082, and the side of the boss 082 has external threads to be threadedly connected with the threaded hole 021. The end face has a push rod hole 083 axially connected to the inner cavity 081, the inner cavity 081 is equipped with a ball screw assembly 090 and a connecting screw sleeve 100, and the right port of the inner cavity 081 is processed with a mounting hole 084 for use To be connected and fixed with the geared motor 120 by screws;
如图7所示，所述滚珠丝杠组件090由丝杠091、滚珠螺母092、滚珠导套093、钢珠094、左端限位销095、右端限位销096构成；所述滚珠螺母092为具有轴向通孔的二阶台阶轴，其小端具有外螺纹；丝杠091上套有嵌入钢珠094的滚珠导套093，丝杠091连同滚珠导套093穿过滚珠螺母092的轴向通孔并形成间隙配合，所述钢珠094与丝杠091配合，丝杠091上接近左右两端分别安装有左端限位销095、右端限位销096，以对嵌入钢珠094的滚珠导套093运动加以限制；As shown in Figure 7, the ball screw assembly 090 is composed of a lead screw 091, a ball nut 092, a ball guide bush 093, a steel ball 094, a left end stop pin 095, and a right end stop pin 096; the ball nut 092 has A two-stage stepped shaft with an axial through hole, the small end of which has an external thread; the ball screw 091 is covered with a ball guide bush 093 embedded with steel balls 094, and the lead screw 091 and the ball guide bush 093 pass through the axial through hole of the ball nut 092 And form a clearance fit, the steel ball 094 cooperates with the lead screw 091, and the left end limit pin 095 and the right end limit pin 096 are respectively installed on the lead screw 091 close to the left and right ends, so as to adjust the movement of the ball guide bush 093 embedded in the steel ball 094. limit;
所述连接螺套100为二阶台阶轴，其小端内加工有球窝101，连接螺套的大端具有轴向空腔102，轴向空腔102口部具有内螺纹103，以与滚珠螺母092的小端连接；The connecting screw sleeve 100 is a two-step stepped shaft, and a ball socket 101 is processed in its small end, and the large end of the connecting screw sleeve has an axial cavity 102, and the mouth of the axial cavity 102 has an internal thread 103 to communicate with the ball The small end connection of the nut 092;
如图8所示，所述推杆110由螺杆段111、杆身112和尾部球头113连为一体构成；推杆110的杆身112穿过套筒080的推杆孔083，螺杆段111和滑块030侧面的螺纹盲孔035螺纹连接，尾部球头113位于连接螺套100的球窝101内；As shown in Figure 8, the push rod 110 is composed of a screw section 111, a shaft 112 and a tail ball head 113; the shaft 112 of the push rod 110 passes through the push rod hole 083 of the sleeve 080, and the screw section 111 It is threadedly connected with the threaded blind hole 035 on the side of the slider 030, and the tail ball head 113 is located in the ball socket 101 of the connecting screw sleeve 100;
所述减速电机120通过螺钉连接于所述套筒080的内空腔081端口，减速电机120的电机轴与丝杠091右端通过键销连接，通过丝杠091将减速电机120的旋转运动转换为滑块030的直线运动；The reduction motor 120 is connected to the inner cavity 081 port of the sleeve 080 by screws, the motor shaft of the reduction motor 120 is connected with the right end of the lead screw 091 through a key pin, and the rotation motion of the reduction motor 120 is converted into Linear motion of slider 030;
当滚珠螺母092运动到极限位置被左端限位销095或右端限位销096挡住时，左端限位销095或右端限位销096挡住滚珠导套093阻止其做直线运动，减速电机120继续工作，由于在螺纹间隙中的钢珠094无法继续做直线运动，使得丝杠091带动滚珠导套093和滚珠螺母092做相对打滑运动，滚珠螺母092停留在极限位置，整个滚珠丝杠组件090在极限位置原地打滑，保持行程S。When the ball nut 092 moves to the limit position and is blocked by the left limit pin 095 or the right limit pin 096, the left limit pin 095 or the right limit pin 096 blocks the ball guide bushing 093 to prevent it from moving in a straight line, and the gear motor 120 continues to work , because the steel ball 094 in the thread gap cannot continue to move in a straight line, the screw 091 drives the ball guide bushing 093 and the ball nut 092 to perform relative sliding motion, the ball nut 092 stays at the limit position, and the entire ball screw assembly 090 is at the limit position Skid on the spot and keep the stroke S.
如图9所示，在滚珠丝杠组件090的行程S内，进油口04P始终在固定阀芯的内圆槽里，第一回油口04T或第二回油口04W总有其一位于固定阀芯的外环槽里，固定阀芯做直线运动时，实现第一换向油口04A、第二换向油口04B在固定阀芯的内圆槽和外环槽之间移动，完成换向功能。As shown in Figure 9, during the stroke S of the ball screw assembly 090, the oil inlet 04P is always in the inner circular groove of the fixed valve core, and one of the first oil return port 04T or the second oil return port 04W is always located In the outer ring groove of the fixed spool, when the fixed spool moves in a straight line, the first reversing oil port 04A and the second reversing oil port 04B move between the inner circular groove and the outer ring groove of the fixed spool to complete commutation function.
本发明的实施例中：In the embodiment of the present invention:
所述上阀座040表面具有平行的前凸条和后凸条，形成凹字形横截面，前、后凸条和上阀座表面相交位置分别具有凹入的限位槽；The surface of the upper valve seat 040 has parallel front convex strips and rear convex strips, forming a concave cross-section, and the intersecting positions of the front and rear convex strips and the upper valve seat surface respectively have concave limiting grooves;
第一换向油口(04A)、第二换向油口(04B)、进油口(04P)及第一回油口(04T)油口分别插装有连接管130，如图10所示，连接管130的管身自下而上依次具有环形密封槽131和环形定位槽132；The first reversing oil port (04A), the second reversing oil port (04B), the oil inlet port (04P) and the first oil return port (04T) are respectively inserted with connecting pipes 130, as shown in Figure 10 , the pipe body of the connecting pipe 130 has an annular sealing groove 131 and an annular positioning groove 132 sequentially from bottom to top;
如图11所示，卡片140为矩形片，其侧边开有位置分别与第一换向油口04A、第二换向油口04B、进油口04P及第一回油口04T对应的四个卡口，当四个连接管130分别插装入四个油口后，将卡片140水平插进上阀座040表面的限位槽中，通过卡片140的四个卡口卡住四根连接管的环形定位槽132，然后通过螺钉190将卡片140固定在上阀座040上；As shown in Figure 11, the card 140 is a rectangular piece, and its side is opened with four positions corresponding to the first reversing oil port 04A, the second reversing oil port 04B, the oil inlet 04P and the first oil return port 04T. When the four connecting pipes 130 are respectively inserted into the four oil ports, the card 140 is horizontally inserted into the limit groove on the surface of the upper valve seat 040, and the four connecting pipes are clamped by the four bayonets of the card 140. The annular positioning groove 132 of the pipe, and then the card 140 is fixed on the upper valve seat 040 by screws 190;
本发明的实施例中：滚珠丝杠组件090的行程S为6mm，内圆槽051的半径r1为4mm，外环槽052的内径r2、外径r3分别为6mm和8mm，满足2r1>S>(r2+r3-2r1)/2的约束条件。In the embodiment of the present invention: the stroke S of the ball screw assembly 090 is 6 mm, the radius r1 of the inner circular groove 051 is 4 mm, and the inner diameter r2 and outer diameter r3 of the outer ring groove 052 are 6 mm and 8 mm respectively, satisfying 2r1>S> (r2+r3-2r1)/2 constraints.
本发明采用软配硬的端面密封形式，滑块密封圈160与固定阀芯050的下端面配合形成密封；固定阀芯050的上端面具有同心的内圆槽051和外环槽052，形成双环形密封面，与上阀座040的下端面配合形成密封。上阀座040上布置有第一换向油口04A、第二换向油口04B、进油口04P及第一回油口04T、第二回油口04W。The present invention adopts the end face sealing form of soft and hard, and the slider sealing ring 160 cooperates with the lower end face of the fixed valve core 050 to form a seal; the upper end face of the fixed valve core 050 has concentric inner circular groove 051 and outer ring groove 052, forming a double ring Shaped sealing surface cooperates with the lower end surface of the upper valve seat 040 to form a seal. The upper valve seat 040 is arranged with a first reversing oil port 04A, a second reversing oil port 04B, an oil inlet 04P, a first oil return port 04T, and a second oil return port 04W.
为实现阀的换向功能，在滚珠丝杠组件090的行程S内，进油口04P始终在固定阀芯的内圆槽里，第一回油口04T或第二回油口04W总有其一位于固定阀芯050的外环槽052里，固定阀芯050做直线运动时，实现第一换向油口04A、第二换向油口04B在固定阀芯的内圆槽和外环槽之间移动，完成换向功能。因此内圆槽051为高压通道(进油口04P→第一换向油口04A或第二换向油口04B)，外环槽052为低压通道(第一换向油口04A或第二换向油口04B→第一回油口04T或第二回油口04W)，通过推动滑块030就可以实现换向功能(进油口04P→第一换向油口04A，第二换向油口04B→第一回油口04T或第二回油口04W进油口04P→第二换向油口04B，第一换向油口04A→第一回油口04T或第二回油口04W)。在浮动阀芯070上安装有阀芯密封圈170，阀芯密封圈170与浮动阀芯070配合形成密封。滑块030的下腔内安装有组合碟簧060，和浮动阀芯070一起对阀进行动态补偿。滑块030在支撑座020内自由滑动。上阀座040上布置的第一换向油口04A、第二换向油口04B、进油口04P及第一回油口04T均采用采用插装式连接。连接管130的管身自下而上依次具有环形密封槽131和环形定位槽132，分别用于安装密封圈4和卡片140。卡片140水平插进上阀座040表面的限位槽中，通过卡片140的四个卡口卡住四根连接管的环形定位槽132，然后通过螺钉将卡片140固定在上阀座040上，这种安装形式方便快捷，安全可靠。In order to realize the reversing function of the valve, within the stroke S of the ball screw assembly 090, the oil inlet 04P is always in the inner circular groove of the fixed valve core, and the first oil return port 04T or the second oil return port 04W always has its own One is located in the outer ring groove 052 of the fixed spool 050. When the fixed spool 050 moves in a straight line, the first reversing oil port 04A and the second reversing oil port 04B are in the inner circular groove and outer ring groove of the fixed spool. Move between them to complete the reversing function. Therefore, the inner circular groove 051 is a high-pressure passage (oil inlet 04P→the first reversing oil port 04A or the second reversing oil port 04B), and the outer ring groove 052 is a low-pressure passage (the first reversing oil port 04A or the second reversing oil port 04B). To the oil port 04B→the first oil return port 04T or the second oil return port 04W), the reversing function can be realized by pushing the slider 030 (oil inlet 04P→the first reversing oil port 04A, the second reversing oil Port 04B→first oil return port 04T or second oil return port 04W Oil inlet 04P→second reversing oil port 04B, first reversing oil port 04A→first oil return port 04T or second oil return port 04W). A spool sealing ring 170 is installed on the floating spool 070 , and the spool sealing ring 170 cooperates with the floating spool 070 to form a seal. A combined disc spring 060 is installed in the lower cavity of the slider 030, and together with the floating spool 070, the valve is dynamically compensated. The slider 030 slides freely in the support seat 020. The first reversing oil port 04A, the second reversing oil port 04B, the oil inlet 04P and the first oil return port 04T arranged on the upper valve seat 040 are all connected by plug-in. The pipe body of the connecting pipe 130 has an annular sealing groove 131 and an annular positioning groove 132 sequentially from bottom to top, which are respectively used for installing the sealing ring 4 and the card 140 . The card 140 is horizontally inserted into the limiting groove on the surface of the upper valve seat 040, and the four bayonets of the card 140 are used to clamp the annular positioning grooves 132 of the four connecting pipes, and then the card 140 is fixed on the upper valve seat 040 by screws. This installation form is convenient, fast, safe and reliable.
本发明中，套筒080将减速电机120和支撑座020连接固定起来，通过滚珠丝杠组件090将减速电机120的旋转运动转换为滑块030的直线运动。减速电机120为带有减速装置的低转速电机，提供系统所需的动力扭矩。In the present invention, the sleeve 080 connects and fixes the geared motor 120 and the support base 020 , and converts the rotational motion of the geared motor 120 into the linear motion of the slider 030 through the ball screw assembly 090 . The reduction motor 120 is a low-speed motor with a reduction device, which provides the power torque required by the system.
滚珠丝杠组件的行程是固定行程。当滚珠螺母092运动到极限位置被左端限位销095或右端限位销096挡住时，左端限位销095或右端限位销096挡住滚珠导套093阻止其做直线运动，减速电机120继续工作，由于在螺纹间隙中的钢珠094无法继续做直线运动，使得丝杠091带动滚珠导套093和滚珠螺母092做相对打滑运动，滚珠螺母092停留在极限位置，整个滚珠丝杠组件在极限位置原地打滑。推杆110的尾部球头113，与连接螺套100前端的球窝101相配合，形成自定位连接，滚珠丝杠组件由于制造及安装等因素可能会存在一定的不同心度，在滚珠螺母092推动滑块030运动时就会有侧向力，若采用螺纹连接等刚性连接形式就可能会因侧向力而卡死，采用球头与球窝相配合的自定位连接则可以避免因侧向力而造成操纵力过大，甚至出现卡死的现象。The stroke of the ball screw assembly is a fixed stroke. When the ball nut 092 moves to the limit position and is blocked by the left limit pin 095 or the right limit pin 096, the left limit pin 095 or the right limit pin 096 blocks the ball guide bushing 093 to prevent it from moving in a straight line, and the gear motor 120 continues to work , because the steel ball 094 in the thread gap cannot continue to move in a straight line, the screw 091 drives the ball guide bushing 093 and the ball nut 092 to perform relative sliding motion, the ball nut 092 stays at the limit position, and the entire ball screw assembly is at the limit position. slippery. The tail ball 113 of the push rod 110 cooperates with the ball socket 101 at the front end of the connecting nut 100 to form a self-positioning connection. The ball screw assembly may have a certain degree of misalignment due to factors such as manufacturing and installation. The ball nut 092 When the slider 030 is pushed to move, there will be a lateral force. If a rigid connection such as threaded connection is used, it may be stuck due to the lateral force. The self-positioning connection of the ball head and the ball socket can avoid the lateral force. The control force is too large, and even the phenomenon of jamming occurs.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410589335.1ACN104344017B (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2014-10-28 | A kind of flat closed type reversal valve |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410589335.1ACN104344017B (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2014-10-28 | A kind of flat closed type reversal valve |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104344017A CN104344017A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
| CN104344017Btrue CN104344017B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410589335.1AActiveCN104344017B (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2014-10-28 | A kind of flat closed type reversal valve |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN104344017B (en) |
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