CN104332712B - Present broadband and wide wave beam ridged horn in a kind of end - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭，包括矩形喇叭外壳（1）、梯形波导脊（2）和同轴连接器（3），梯形波导脊（2）设置于矩形喇叭外壳（1）的内壁上且与矩形喇叭外壳（1）、同轴连接器（3）固定连接，矩形喇叭外壳（1）与梯形波导脊（2）共同组成脊波导结构。利用脊波导结构尺寸较小的特点，调整波导的口径，改变梯形波导脊与矩形喇叭外壳的内壁间距，调整梯形波导脊与同轴连接器间距，利用端面输出脊形变换式波导‑同轴转换来实现同轴线输入端阻抗50Ω与输出端自由空间波阻抗377Ω间的匹配。本发明既能实现宽带最佳匹配又能满足宽角覆盖要求，在近一个倍频程的频带范围内，输入驻波VSWR小于1.5，方向图能够满足天线扫描需要。

The invention discloses an end-fed wide-bandwidth beam ridge horn, which comprises a rectangular horn shell (1), a trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2) and a coaxial connector (3), and the trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2) is arranged on the rectangular horn shell (1). ) and fixedly connected with the rectangular horn housing (1) and the coaxial connector (3), the rectangular horn housing (1) and the trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2) together form a ridge waveguide structure. Utilizing the small size of the ridge waveguide structure, adjust the caliber of the waveguide, change the distance between the trapezoidal waveguide ridge and the inner wall of the rectangular horn housing, adjust the distance between the trapezoidal waveguide ridge and the coaxial connector, and use the end face output ridge transformation waveguide-coaxial conversion To achieve the matching between the impedance 50Ω at the input end of the coaxial line and the free space wave impedance 377Ω at the output end. The invention can not only realize the best broadband matching but also meet the requirement of wide-angle coverage. In the frequency range of nearly one octave, the VSWR of the input standing wave is less than 1.5, and the pattern can meet the requirements of antenna scanning.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭An End-fed Wide Bandwidth Beam Ridge Horn

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种雷达天线结构，特别是涉及一种端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭。The invention relates to a radar antenna structure, in particular to an end-fed wide bandwidth beam ridge horn.

背景技术Background technique

二维相控阵体制雷达中的辐射单元波束宽，结构尺寸小，匹配困难，其性能的优劣会直接对雷达天线的性能产生影响。辐射单元的宽带宽角匹配为实现雷达低副瓣和较小的扫描增益损失创造了条件。The beam width of the radiation unit in the two-dimensional phased array system radar is small, and the matching is difficult. The quality of its performance will directly affect the performance of the radar antenna. The wide bandwidth angle matching of the radiating element creates conditions for realizing the radar with low sidelobe and small loss of scanning gain.

根据天线阵列对辐射单元的电讯性能和结构尺寸的要求，即喇叭的口径E面小于56mm，H面小于68mm。此口径下的常规标准波导尺寸无法满足要求。According to the requirements of the antenna array on the telecommunication performance and structural size of the radiating unit, that is, the diameter of the E-plane of the horn is less than 56mm, and the H-plane is less than 68mm. Conventional standard waveguide dimensions under this caliber cannot meet the requirements.

现有的宽带喇叭天线包括标准波导喇叭和宽带脊喇叭形式，标准波导喇叭通常可满足宽带匹配，但其结构尺寸的限制，无法将其波导宽边压缩，因此标准波导喇叭无法满足使用要求。宽带脊喇叭通常在宽带超宽带领域使用，其宽波束特性无法满足使用要求。Existing broadband horn antennas include standard waveguide horns and broadband ridge horns. Standard waveguide horns can usually meet broadband matching, but due to structural size limitations, the broadside of the waveguide cannot be compressed, so standard waveguide horns cannot meet the requirements for use. Broadband ridge horns are usually used in the field of broadband ultra-wideband, and their wide beam characteristics cannot meet the requirements of use.

因此现有技术无法满足既保证结构尺寸小，波束宽度又宽的要求。Therefore, the existing technology cannot meet the requirement of ensuring small structure size and wide beam width.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种既能实现宽带最佳匹配又能满足宽角覆盖要求的端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭，在近一个倍频程的频带范围内，输入驻波VSWR小于1.5，方向图能够满足天线扫描需要。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide an end-fed wide-bandwidth beam ridge horn that can not only achieve the best broadband matching but also meet the wide-angle coverage requirements, within the frequency range of nearly one octave, the input The standing wave VSWR is less than 1.5, and the pattern can meet the needs of antenna scanning.

本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：一种端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭，包括矩形喇叭外壳、梯形波导脊和同轴连接器，梯形波导脊设置于矩形喇叭外壳的内壁上且与矩形喇叭外壳、同轴连接器固定连接，矩形喇叭外壳与梯形波导脊共同组成脊波导结构。The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of end-fed wide bandwidth beam ridge horn, comprising a rectangular horn shell, a trapezoidal waveguide ridge and a coaxial connector, the trapezoidal waveguide ridge is arranged on the inner wall of the rectangular horn shell and is connected with The rectangular horn shell and the coaxial connector are fixedly connected, and the rectangular horn shell and the trapezoidal waveguide ridge together form a ridge waveguide structure.

所述矩形喇叭外壳的波导宽边长度为a，波导窄边长度为b，梯形波导脊与矩形喇叭外壳的内壁间距为c，梯形波导脊与同轴连接器的间距为d，梯形波导脊的宽度为e；The length of the waveguide wide side of the rectangular horn housing is a, the length of the narrow side of the waveguide is b, the distance between the trapezoidal waveguide ridge and the inner wall of the rectangular horn housing is c, the distance between the trapezoidal waveguide ridge and the coaxial connector is d, and the distance between the trapezoidal waveguide ridge and the inner wall of the rectangular horn housing is d. width is e;

脊波导的横截面及其TE10波截止时的等效电路中，C为不连续电容，取决于b’，不连续性将产生高次模；假定有两副平行线，其电长度为θ₁、θ₂，特性阻抗为Z₀₁、Z₀₂；In the cross-section of the ridge waveguide and its equivalent circuit when the TE10 wave is cut off, C is a discontinuous capacitance, which depends on b', and the discontinuity will produce a higher-order mode; assuming there are two parallel lines, their electrical length is θ₁ , θ₂ , the characteristic impedance is Z₀₁ , Z₀₂ ;

取等效网络输入电压为U_in，输入电流为I_in，有等效电路可知：Taking the input voltage of the equivalent network as U_in and the input current as I_in , the equivalent circuit can be known:

截止条件为：The cut-off conditions are:

此时可得：At this point you can get:

通过Matlab程序解该关于λc的超越方程解出λc；Solve the transcendental equation about λc through the Matlab program to solve λc;

矩形波导的等效阻抗为：The equivalent impedance of a rectangular waveguide is:

其中λc＝2a，将脊波导看作宽边皱缩的矩形波导，脊波导的等效阻抗就可写成类似的形式：Where λc=2a, the ridge waveguide is regarded as a rectangular waveguide with narrowed broadsides, and the equivalent impedance of the ridge waveguide can be written in a similar form:

a₁是脊波导的等效宽边，λc＝2a₁＞2a是脊波导的截止波长，由上式可以看出，脊波导的有效阻抗比规则波导相对降低，有利于与同轴进行匹配。a₁ is the equivalent broadside of the ridge waveguide, and λc=2a₁ >2a is the cut-off wavelength of the ridge waveguide. It can be seen from the above formula that the effective impedance of the ridge waveguide is relatively lower than that of the regular waveguide, which is conducive to matching with the coaxial.

本发明的有益效果是：既能实现宽带最佳匹配又能满足宽角覆盖要求，通过理论计算及优化仿真，宽带宽波束脊喇叭性能优异，在近一个倍频程的频带范围内，输入驻波VSWR小于1.5，方向图能够满足天线扫描需要。The beneficial effect of the present invention is: it can not only realize the optimal matching of broadband but also meet the requirements of wide-angle coverage, through theoretical calculation and optimization simulation, the performance of the wide-bandwidth beam ridge speaker is excellent, within the frequency band range of nearly one octave, the input resident Wave VSWR is less than 1.5, and the pattern can meet the needs of antenna scanning.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an end-fed wide bandwidth beam ridge horn;

图2为图1的主视图；Fig. 2 is the front view of Fig. 1;

图3为端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭仿真S参数图；Fig. 3 is the simulation S parameter diagram of end-fed wide bandwidth beam ridge horn;

图4为端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭仿真E面方向图；Fig. 4 is the simulation E-plane pattern of the end-fed wide bandwidth beam ridge horn;

图5为端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭仿真H面方向图；Fig. 5 is the simulation H plane direction diagram of the end-fed wide bandwidth beam ridge horn;

图6为单脊波导的横截面示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single ridge waveguide;

图7为单脊波导TE10波截止时的等效电路图；Fig. 7 is the equivalent circuit diagram when the TE10 wave of the single ridge waveguide is cut off;

图中，1-矩形喇叭外壳，2-梯形波导脊，3-同轴连接器。In the figure, 1-rectangular horn housing, 2-trapezoidal waveguide ridge, 3-coaxial connector.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

利用脊波导结构尺寸较小的特点，调整波导的口径，并改变梯形波导脊与矩形喇叭外壳的内壁间距为c，就可使波导尺寸满足结构要求的同时，谐振在所需的工作频率；再调整梯形波导脊与同轴连接器3的间距为d，即可调配喇叭在谐振时的电抗分量，以实现喇叭在工作频带内的阻抗匹配；最后利用端面输出脊形变换式波导-同轴转换来实现同轴线输入端阻抗50Ω与输出端自由空间波阻抗377Ω间的匹配。在仿真计算时，采用协同匹配方法来兼顾脊波导谐振，降低电抗成分及波导同轴变换。Taking advantage of the small size of the ridge waveguide structure, adjusting the caliber of the waveguide, and changing the distance c between the ridge of the trapezoidal waveguide and the inner wall of the rectangular horn shell, the waveguide size can meet the structural requirements and at the same time resonate at the required operating frequency; By adjusting the distance between the trapezoidal waveguide ridge and the coaxial connector 3 to d, the reactance component of the horn at resonance can be adjusted to achieve the impedance matching of the horn in the working frequency band; finally, the output ridge transformation waveguide-coaxial conversion of the end surface is used To achieve the matching between the impedance 50Ω at the input end of the coaxial line and the free space wave impedance 377Ω at the output end. In the simulation calculation, the cooperative matching method is adopted to take into account the resonance of the ridge waveguide, reduce the reactance component and the coaxial transformation of the waveguide.

如图1和图2所示，一种端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭，包括矩形喇叭外壳1、梯形波导脊2和同轴连接器3，梯形波导脊2设置于矩形喇叭外壳1的内壁上且与矩形喇叭外壳1、同轴连接器3固定连接，矩形喇叭外壳1与梯形波导脊2共同组成脊波导结构。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, an end-fed wide bandwidth beam ridge horn includes a rectangular horn housing 1, a trapezoidal waveguide ridge 2 and a coaxial connector 3, the trapezoidal waveguide ridge 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the rectangular horn housing 1 and It is fixedly connected with the rectangular horn shell 1 and the coaxial connector 3, and the rectangular horn shell 1 and the trapezoidal waveguide ridge 2 together form a ridge waveguide structure.

矩形喇叭外壳1的波导宽边长度为a，波导窄边长度为b，梯形波导脊2与矩形喇叭外壳1的内壁间距为c，梯形波导脊2与同轴连接器3的间距为d，梯形波导脊2的宽度为e；这些参数采用协同匹配方法进行优化，可得到理想的结果。The length of the wide side of the waveguide of the rectangular horn housing 1 is a, the length of the narrow side of the waveguide is b, the distance between the trapezoidal waveguide ridge 2 and the inner wall of the rectangular horn housing 1 is c, the distance between the trapezoidal waveguide ridge 2 and the coaxial connector 3 is d, the trapezoidal The width of the waveguide ridge 2 is e; these parameters are optimized by cooperative matching method, and ideal results can be obtained.

通过不断优化脊喇叭各项结构参数，最终得到了非常理想的性能参数。在接近一个倍频程的频带范围内输入驻波VSWR小于1.5，如图3所示，单元方向图能够满足天线扫描需要。Through continuous optimization of various structural parameters of the ridge horn, very ideal performance parameters are finally obtained. The VSWR of the input standing wave is less than 1.5 within a frequency range close to one octave. As shown in Figure 3, the unit pattern can meet the antenna scanning requirements.

根据技术要求，辐射单元的波束宽度应满足E面波束宽度大于90°，H面波束宽度大于70°，通过端馈宽带宽波束脊喇叭优化设计，仿真方向图如图4、5所示，E面波束宽度约112.5°，H面波束宽度约75°，完全满足技术要求。According to technical requirements, the beam width of the radiating unit should meet the beam width of the E plane greater than 90°, and the beam width of the H plane greater than 70°. Through the optimization design of the end-fed wide bandwidth beam ridge horn, the simulation pattern is shown in Figure 4 and 5, E The surface beam width is about 112.5°, and the H-plane beam width is about 75°, fully meeting the technical requirements.

根据技术要求，辐射单元结构尺寸应满足宽度小于56mm，高度小于68mm，经过工程计算结合仿真优化，脊喇叭结构尺寸为宽度48mm、高度66mm、深度46mm，采用冲压形式进行批量加工和制造，阻抗变换部分采用机械加工方式，通过精心设计可实现成本低、体积小、重量轻、一致性好等特点。According to technical requirements, the structural size of the radiation unit should be less than 56mm in width and 68mm in height. After engineering calculation combined with simulation optimization, the structural size of the ridge horn is 48mm in width, 66mm in height and 46mm in depth. It is processed and manufactured in batches by stamping, and impedance transformation Some of them are processed by machining, and the characteristics of low cost, small size, light weight and good consistency can be realized through careful design.

脊波导传输特性理论分析如下所述：The theoretical analysis of the transmission characteristics of the ridge waveguide is as follows:

技术要求需要在水平宽度尺寸(即E面)小于56mm，而垂直高度尺寸(即H面)小于68mm，通过计算规则矩形波导E面尺寸可满足要求，但H面尺寸完全不能实现(若a边尺寸较小则非常难于阻抗匹配，且H面波束宽度也会较窄)，故只能采用异性波导即脊波导形式才可满足电性能和结构尺寸要求。现对脊波导分析如下：The technical requirements require that the horizontal width dimension (i.e. E plane) be less than 56mm, and the vertical height dimension (i.e. H plane) be less than 68mm. By calculating the regular rectangular waveguide E plane dimension, the requirement can be met, but the H plane dimension cannot be realized at all (if side a If the size is small, it is very difficult to match the impedance, and the beam width of the H plane will also be narrow), so only the form of the anisotropic waveguide, that is, the ridge waveguide, can meet the requirements of electrical performance and structural size. The analysis of the ridge waveguide is as follows:

脊波导又称为脊形波导，它是矩形波导的一种变化形式，分为单脊波导和双脊波导两种结构形式。与规则矩形波导相比，具有低主模截止频率、宽频带、尺寸小和低阻抗特性等特点，适合作为宽频带天线的馈电波导。Ridge waveguide, also known as ridge waveguide, is a variation of rectangular waveguide, which can be divided into two structural forms: single-ridge waveguide and double-ridge waveguide. Compared with the regular rectangular waveguide, it has the characteristics of low main mode cut-off frequency, wide frequency band, small size and low impedance characteristics, and is suitable as a feed waveguide for broadband antennas.

脊波导与规则矩形波导的情形相似，也可以传输TE波和TM波，而且它的主模也是TE10波。此外，双脊波导可以看成是由单脊波导及其镜像构成，所以它对于TEm0波具有相同的截止频率和截止波长。在图6、图7中显示了单脊波导的横截面及其TE10波截止时的等效电路。图中，C为不连续电容，取决于b’，不连续性将产生高次模。假定有两副平行线，其电长度为θ₁、θ₂，特性阻抗为Z₀₁、Z₀₂。The ridge waveguide is similar to the regular rectangular waveguide, it can also transmit TE wave and TM wave, and its main mode is also TE10 wave. In addition, the double-ridge waveguide can be regarded as composed of a single-ridge waveguide and its mirror image, so it has the same cut-off frequency and cut-off wavelength for the TEm0 wave. Figure 6 and Figure 7 show the cross section of the single ridge waveguide and its equivalent circuit when the TE10 wave is cut off. In the figure, C is the discontinuous capacitance, depending on b', the discontinuity will produce higher-order mode. Assume that there are two parallel lines with electrical lengths θ₁ and θ₂ and characteristic impedances Z₀₁ and Z₀₂ .

取等效网络输入电压为U_in，输入电流为I_in，有等效电路可知：Taking the input voltage of the equivalent network as U_in and the input current as I_in , the equivalent circuit can be known:

截止条件为：The cut-off conditions are:

此时可得：At this point you can get:

通过Matlab程序解该关于λc的超越方程解出λc；Solve the transcendental equation about λc through the Matlab program to solve λc;

矩形波导的等效阻抗为：The equivalent impedance of a rectangular waveguide is:

其中λc＝2a，将脊波导看作宽边皱缩的矩形波导，脊波导的等效阻抗就可写成类似的形式：Where λc=2a, the ridge waveguide is regarded as a rectangular waveguide with narrowed broadsides, and the equivalent impedance of the ridge waveguide can be written in a similar form:

a₁是脊波导的等效宽边，λc＝2a₁＞2a是脊波导的截止波长，由上式可以看出，脊波导的有效阻抗比规则波导相对降低，有利于与同轴进行匹配。a₁ is the equivalent broadside of the ridge waveguide, and λc=2a₁ >2a is the cut-off wavelength of the ridge waveguide. It can be seen from the above formula that the effective impedance of the ridge waveguide is relatively lower than that of the regular waveguide, which is conducive to matching with the coaxial.

在脊喇叭中主要采用标准同轴波导变换结构，经过阻抗匹配可实现由同轴线到脊喇叭进行良好传输。The standard coaxial waveguide conversion structure is mainly used in the ridge horn, and good transmission from the coaxial line to the ridge horn can be realized after impedance matching.

以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and Modifications can be made within the scope of the ideas described herein, by virtue of the above teachings or skill or knowledge in the relevant art. However, changes and changes made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and should all be within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. broadband and wide wave beam ridged horn is presented at a kind of end, it is characterised in that：Including rectangular horn shell (1), trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2) andCoaxial connector (3), trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2) be arranged on the inwall of rectangular horn shell (1) and with rectangular horn shell (1),Coaxial connector (3) is fixedly connected, and rectangular horn shell (1) collectively constitutes ridge waveguide structure with trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2)；

The waveguide broadside length of the rectangular horn shell (1) is a, and Narrow Wall of Waveguide edge lengths are b, trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2) and rectangleThe inwall spacing of horn bulb (1) is c, and trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2) is d, trapezoidal waveguide ridge (2) with the spacing of coaxial connector (3)Width be e；

In equivalent circuit when the cross section of ridge waveguide and its TE10 ripples end, C is discontinuity capacitance, depending on b ', discontinuouslyProperty will produce higher mode；Two secondary parallel lines are suppose there is, its electrical length is θ₁、θ₂, characteristic impedance is Z₀₁、Z₀₂；

Equivalent network input voltage is taken for U_in, input current is I_in, from equivalent circuit：

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{U}_{in}\\ I_{in}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{cos\θ}}_1& {\mathrm{jZ}}_{01}{\mathrm{sin\θ}}_1\\ \frac{j{\mathrm{sin\θ}}_1}{Z_{01}}& {\mathrm{cos\θ}}_1\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ j\mathrm{\β}& 1\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{cos\θ}}_2& {\mathrm{jZ}}_{02}{\mathrm{sin\θ}}_2\\ \frac{j{\mathrm{sin\θ}}_2}{Z_{02}}& {\mathrm{cos\θ}}_2\end{array}\right];$

Cut-off condition is：

Can now obtain：

Should be on λ by Matlab programs solution_cTranscendental equation solve λ_c；

The equiva lent impedance of rectangular waveguide is：

Wherein λ_c=2a, ridge waveguide is regarded as the rectangular waveguide of broadside shrinkage, and the equiva lent impedance of ridge waveguide can be write as similar shapeFormula：

a₁It is the equivalent broadside of ridge waveguide, λ_c=2a₁＞ 2a are the cutoff wavelength of ridge waveguide, as can be seen from the above equation, ridge waveguideEffective impedance is conducive to and is coaxially matched than regular waveguide relative reduction.