技术领域technical field
本发明属于超极化气体磁共振成像（MRI）或波谱（NMR）领域，更具体涉及一种在动物肺部超极化气体MRI过程中控制动物呼气的装置，能够有效增强动物肺部气体信号，减少动物缺氧时间，同时减少超极化气体的浪费。特别适用于动物肺部超极化气体MRI或者NMR研究中控制动物的呼吸。The invention belongs to the field of hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or spectroscopy (NMR), and more specifically relates to a device for controlling animal exhalation during the hyperpolarized gas MRI process of animal lungs, which can effectively enhance animal lung gas Signal, reducing the time of animal hypoxia, while reducing the waste of hyperpolarized gas. It is especially suitable for controlling the breathing of animals in MRI or NMR studies of hyperpolarized gases in animal lungs.
背景技术Background technique
目前，临床上用于疾病检测的影像学技术包括Ｘ线透视，计算机X线断层扫描摄影术（CT），MRI和正电子发射断层扫描术（PET）等，但是除了MRI以外，其它的影像学技术都具有一定的放射性而且不能在短时间内多次成像。MRI具有无放射性，高分辨率等优点，但是，由于肺部为空腔结构，导致MRI在肺部一直是个盲区，而超极化气体肺部MRI方法可以无辐射、无创伤地对肺部进行结构与功能成像，而成为目前对肺部进行可视性成像研究的重点之一。超极化气体肺部MRI的关键步骤之一就是使用激光抽运和自旋交换方法建立非热平衡核自旋极化度（通常称为超极化）的气体，然后将超极化气体输送到肺里。但是，超极化气体弛豫时间有限，特别是遇到顺磁性物质，比如氧气的时候，弛豫速度会极大地加快，从而使得输送进入肺部后的超极化气体信号减弱。因此，减少超极化气体输送肺部过程中极化度的损失是动物肺部超极化气体MRI研究中重点之一。Currently, imaging techniques clinically used for disease detection include X-ray fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), MRI and positron emission tomography (PET), etc., but in addition to MRI, other imaging techniques All have a certain amount of radioactivity and cannot be imaged multiple times in a short period of time. MRI has the advantages of no radioactivity and high resolution. However, due to the cavity structure of the lungs, MRI has always been a blind spot in the lungs. However, the hyperpolarized gas lung MRI method can perform non-radiation and non-invasive lung imaging. Structural and functional imaging has become one of the focuses of current visualization imaging research on the lung. One of the key steps in lung MRI of hyperpolarized gases is to use laser pumping and spin exchange methods to create a gas with non-thermal equilibrium nuclear spin polarizability (commonly referred to as hyperpolarization), and then deliver the hyperpolarized gas to in the lungs. However, the relaxation time of hyperpolarized gas is limited, especially when encountering paramagnetic substances such as oxygen, the relaxation speed will be greatly accelerated, so that the signal of hyperpolarized gas delivered into the lungs will be weakened. Therefore, reducing the loss of polarization during the delivery of hyperpolarized gas to the lungs is one of the key points in the MRI study of hyperpolarized gas in animal lungs.
超极化气体动物肺部MRI研究中，为了保证动物的血氧饱和度、使得动物处于比较好的生理状态，一般在控制输送超极化气体之前会先控制动物进行氧气呼吸的循环。由于氧气对超极化气体的去极化极为严重，所以在屏住超极化气体采样成像或者采谱之前，会先用超极化气体进行冲洗，这个过程一般都要进行3~4次，而且呼气时间一般至少是吸气时间的两倍。In the MRI study of hyperpolarized gas animal lungs, in order to ensure the blood oxygen saturation of the animal and keep the animal in a better physiological state, the animal's oxygen breathing cycle is generally controlled before the delivery of hyperpolarized gas is controlled. Because oxygen depolarizes the hyperpolarized gas very seriously, before holding the hyperpolarized gas to sample imaging or spectrum collection, it will be flushed with hyperpolarized gas. This process generally needs to be carried out 3 to 4 times. And exhalation time is generally at least twice as long as inhalation time.
对于人体肺部超极化气体MRI，因为人可以自主呼气或者听令自己控制呼气，根据需要进行自主深度快速呼气的过程，从而减少呼气时间，同时使得呼气完全，从而可以实现在下一次压力不变的情况下能够吸入更多的气体。但是，在超极化气体动物肺部MRI的研究中，通常超极化气体呼气过程都和氧气呼气过程一样，利用了动物肺部的自主呼气。但是，这种方式具有呼气时间长，呼气不完全，所需冲洗次数较多等缺点，不仅使得超极化气体弛豫衰减的时间较短，而且使得动物处于缺氧的时间较长。因此，对于动物肺部超极化气体的MRI，迫切需要发展一些新的控制动物呼气的方法和装置。For human lung hyperpolarized gas MRI, because people can exhale spontaneously or listen to their own control of exhalation, and perform the process of autonomous deep and rapid exhalation according to needs, thereby reducing the exhalation time and making the exhalation complete, so that it can be realized In the next time the pressure remains the same, more gas can be inhaled. However, in the study of hyperpolarized gas animal lung MRI, usually the hyperpolarized gas exhalation process is the same as the oxygen exhalation process, using the spontaneous exhalation of the animal's lungs. However, this method has the disadvantages of long exhalation time, incomplete exhalation, and more flushing times, which not only shortens the relaxation and attenuation time of hyperpolarized gas, but also makes the animals stay in hypoxia for a long time. Therefore, for MRI of hyperpolarized gas in animal lungs, it is urgent to develop some new methods and devices for controlling animal exhalation.
另外，通常使用的超极化气体包括氙-129，氦-3，氪-83等同位素，价格昂贵，回收再利用具有实用价值。John等人［JohnNet al.，2011. A Constant-Volume Ventilator and GasRecaptureSystem for HyperpolarizedGas MRI of Mouseand Rat Lungs. MRE，doi：10.1002/cmr.b.20192］给出了他们的气体回收方法，即在呼气的管道末端添加两个阀门，其中一个阀门直接连接一个袋子对使用过的气体进行收集。但是，（a）由于袋子里面仍存有一定的空气，所以这种直接收集的方式会降低收集到的气体浓度，而且（b）呼出的气体中会有二氧化碳的存在，这样收集到的气体中不仅含有空气，还含有大量的二氧化碳。In addition, the commonly used hyperpolarized gases include xenon-129, helium-3, krypton-83 and other isotopes, which are expensive and have practical value for recycling. John et al [JohnNet al ., 2011. A Constant-Volume Ventilator and GasRecaptureSystem for Hyperpolarized Gas MRI of Mouseand Rat Lungs. MRE, doi: 10.1002/cmr.b.20192] gave their gas recovery method, that is, in Two valves are added to the end of the exhalation tube, one of which is directly connected to a bag to collect the used gas. However, (a) since there is still a certain amount of air in the bag, this direct collection method will reduce the concentration of the collected gas, and (b) there will be carbon dioxide in the exhaled gas, so that the collected gas Contains not only air, but also a large amount of carbon dioxide.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对目前动物肺部超极化气体MRI领域应用中以上所描述的问题，本发明的目的是在于提供了一种用于肺部超极化气体成像的动物呼气装置。结构简单，控制方便，极大地减少了动物肺部呼出超极化气体的时间，相当于模拟人的深度呼气，使得呼出比较完全，减少了超极化气体冲洗肺部的次数，从而减少了动物缺氧的时间；呼出完全还可以使得MRI采样过程中能够输送更多的超极化气体而不至于使肺部压力过大，提高了超极化的气体在肺部的信号强度。In view of the problems described above in the current application of animal lung hyperpolarized gas MRI, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an animal exhalation device for lung hyperpolarized gas imaging. The structure is simple and the control is convenient, which greatly reduces the time for exhaling hyperpolarized gas from the animal's lungs, which is equivalent to the deep exhalation of a simulated human, making the exhalation more complete, reducing the number of times the hyperpolarized gas flushes the lungs, thereby reducing The time of animal hypoxia; complete exhalation can also enable the delivery of more hyperpolarized gas during the MRI sampling process without causing excessive pressure in the lungs, and improve the signal intensity of the hyperpolarized gas in the lungs.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种用于肺部超极化气体成像的动物呼气装置，包括计算机、I/O接口、模拟开关、压力传感器、七个电磁阀、二氧化碳吸附剂、气体回收袋、微型真空泵、气路管道、多股电子线。其特征在于：计算机通过I/O接口与压力传感器连接，气路管道从动物肺部连接出来之后分为两路，气路管道一端与压力传感器相连，气路管道另一端与第一电磁阀的进气端口相连，第一电磁阀的出气端口的气路管道分为两路，第一电磁阀一端与第二电磁阀的进气端口相连，第一电磁阀另外一端与微型真空泵的进气端口相连，第二电磁阀的出气端口的气路管道分为两路，第二电磁阀一端与第三电磁阀的进气端口相连，第二电磁阀另外一端再分为两路，第二电磁阀分别与第五电磁阀的进气端口、第六电磁阀的出气端口相连。第三电磁阀的出气端口与二氧化碳吸附剂的进气端口相连，二氧化碳吸附剂的出气端口与第四电磁阀的进气端口相连，第四电磁阀的出气端口的气路管道分为两路，第四电磁阀分别与气体回收袋和第五电磁阀的出气端口相连。微型真空泵的出气端口的管道分为两路，微型真空泵分别与第六电磁阀的进气端口和第七电磁阀的进气端口相连，第七电磁阀的出气端口与大气相通。An animal exhalation device for lung hyperpolarized gas imaging, including a computer, I/O interface, analog switch, pressure sensor, seven solenoid valves, carbon dioxide adsorbent, gas recovery bag, miniature vacuum pump, air pipeline , Multi-strand electronic wire. It is characterized in that: the computer is connected to the pressure sensor through the I/O interface, and the air pipeline is divided into two after being connected with the animal lungs, one end of the air pipeline is connected to the pressure sensor, and the other end of the air pipeline is connected to the first electromagnetic valve. The air inlet port is connected, and the air pipeline of the air outlet port of the first solenoid valve is divided into two routes. One end of the first solenoid valve is connected with the inlet port of the second solenoid valve, and the other end of the first solenoid valve is connected with the inlet port of the micro vacuum pump. connected, the air pipeline of the outlet port of the second solenoid valve is divided into two paths, one end of the second solenoid valve is connected with the inlet port of the third solenoid valve, and the other end of the second solenoid valve is divided into two paths, the second solenoid valve They are respectively connected with the inlet port of the fifth solenoid valve and the outlet port of the sixth solenoid valve. The outlet port of the third solenoid valve is connected to the inlet port of the carbon dioxide adsorbent, the outlet port of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is connected to the inlet port of the fourth solenoid valve, and the gas pipeline of the outlet port of the fourth solenoid valve is divided into two paths, The fourth solenoid valve is respectively connected with the gas recovery bag and the gas outlet port of the fifth solenoid valve. The pipeline of the air outlet port of the micro vacuum pump is divided into two paths, the micro vacuum pump is connected with the air inlet port of the sixth electromagnetic valve and the air inlet port of the seventh electromagnetic valve respectively, and the air outlet port of the seventh electromagnetic valve communicates with the atmosphere.
计算机通过I/O接口与压力传感器连接，计算机接收压力传感器的电信号，并实时显示与动物肺部相连的管道中的压力。同时，计算机通过I/O接口与模拟开关相连，模拟开关通过多股电子线与电磁阀相连。计算机通过I/O接口输出TTL电平给模拟开关，能够快速控制电磁阀的开启和关闭。The computer is connected with the pressure sensor through the I/O interface, and the computer receives the electrical signal of the pressure sensor, and displays the pressure in the pipeline connected with the lung of the animal in real time. At the same time, the computer is connected with the analog switch through the I/O interface, and the analog switch is connected with the solenoid valve through multiple electronic wires. The computer outputs TTL level to the analog switch through the I/O interface, which can quickly control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve.
优选地，第五电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第七电磁阀控制实现对气路管道和气体回收袋中空气的抽取，从而排除气路管道和气体回收袋中的空气，可以提高后续收集到的气体的浓度。Preferably, the fifth solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, and the seventh solenoid valve are controlled to realize the extraction of air in the gas pipeline and the gas recovery bag, thereby eliminating the air in the gas pipeline and the gas recovery bag, which can improve subsequent collection. concentration of the gas.
优选地，第一电磁阀、第六电磁阀、第三电磁阀、第四电磁阀控制发明装置中呼气方法的实现，并控制对超极化气体成像之后呼出气体的回收。Preferably, the first solenoid valve, the sixth solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, and the fourth solenoid valve control the implementation of the exhalation method in the inventive device, and control the recovery of exhaled gas after imaging the hyperpolarized gas.
优选地，超极化气体肺部MRI成像之后呼出的气体中二氧化碳的去除通过商用的二氧化碳吸附剂实现。并利用气体回收袋收集呼出的超极化气体。将本发明装置用于肺部超极化气体MRI中控制动物呼气的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Preferably, the removal of carbon dioxide from the exhaled gas following MRI imaging of the hyperpolarized gas lungs is achieved by a commercially available carbon dioxide sorbent. And use the gas recovery bag to collect exhaled hyperpolarized gas. The method of using the device of the present invention to control the exhalation of animals in lung hyperpolarized gas MRI, the method comprises the following steps:
首先，除去气路管道和气体回收气袋中的空气，具体为，在控制动物进行超极化气体呼气之前，第一电磁阀、第三电磁阀、第四电磁阀、第六电磁阀关闭，第二电磁阀、第五电磁阀、第七电磁阀开启，通过微型真空泵对整个气路管道和气体回收袋抽真空，以除去气路管道中的气体。First, remove the air in the gas pipeline and the gas recovery air bag, specifically, before controlling the animal to exhale the hyperpolarized gas, the first solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the fourth solenoid valve, and the sixth solenoid valve are closed , the second solenoid valve, the fifth solenoid valve, and the seventh solenoid valve are opened, and the entire gas pipeline and the gas recovery bag are evacuated by a micro-vacuum pump to remove the gas in the gas pipeline.
然后，控制动物呼气和对气体回收纯化，具体为，在控制动物进行超极化气体呼气的时候，第一电磁阀、第三电磁阀、第四电磁阀和第六电磁阀开启，第二电磁阀、第五电磁阀和第七电磁阀关闭，由于微型真空泵的作用，能够实现控制动物快速完全呼出超极化气体，同时，呼出的超极化气体通过二氧化碳吸附剂去除了二氧化碳之后进入气体回收袋。Then, the animal is controlled to exhale and the gas is recovered and purified. Specifically, when the animal is controlled to exhale the hyperpolarized gas, the first solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the fourth solenoid valve and the sixth solenoid valve are opened, and the second solenoid valve is opened. The second solenoid valve, the fifth solenoid valve and the seventh solenoid valve are closed. Due to the action of the micro-vacuum pump, the animal can be controlled to exhale the hyperpolarized gas quickly and completely. Gas recovery bag.
最后，控制结束动物呼气，具体为，通过压力传感器监测直接连接动物肺部的管道压力，在呼出超极化气体过程中，当压力小于零的时候，控制第一电磁阀关闭，从而可以避免出现负压导致动物肺部的损伤。当再次呼出超极化气体时，控制第一电磁阀开启，重复以上过程。Finally, control the end of the animal’s exhalation. Specifically, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure of the pipeline directly connected to the animal’s lungs. During the process of exhaling the hyperpolarized gas, when the pressure is less than zero, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to close, so as to avoid The presence of negative pressure resulted in damage to the animal's lungs. When the hyperpolarized gas is exhaled again, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to open, and the above process is repeated.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
1.将动物的自主呼气变成被动快速均匀呼气，类似于将正常呼吸变为深度呼吸，通过这种方式模拟人的深度呼气，使得在下一次吸气时候，能够在不增加肺部压力的情况下加大超极化气体吸入的量，从而得到更好的信号。1. Change the animal's spontaneous exhalation into passive rapid and uniform exhalation, which is similar to changing normal breathing into deep breathing. In this way, it simulates the deep exhalation of humans, so that the next inhalation can be done without increasing the lungs. Increase the amount of hyperpolarized gas inhalation under pressure to get a better signal.
2.缩短了超极化气体呼出的时间，从而缩短了动物缺氧的时间，以及超极化气体去极化的时间，同时，在不影响信号强度的情况下可以减少超极化气体冲洗次数，减少了超极化气体的浪费。2. The exhalation time of hyperpolarized gas is shortened, thereby shortening the time of animal hypoxia and the time of depolarization of hyperpolarized gas. At the same time, the number of hyperpolarized gas flushing can be reduced without affecting the signal strength , reducing the waste of hyperpolarized gas.
3.通过对动物肺部超极化气体MRI或者NMR实验之后气体的回收和纯化，可以实现贵重气体的再利用。3. Through the recovery and purification of hyperpolarized gas MRI or NMR experiments on animal lungs, the reuse of precious gases can be realized.
4.通过对呼吸管道压力的实时测量，可以很方便实现过高压泄压保护，过低压进氧气保护功能。很好地保证了实验过程中对动物肺部的保护。能够有效增强动物肺部气体信号，减少动物缺氧时间，同时减少超极化气体的浪费。4. Through the real-time measurement of the breathing pipeline pressure, it is very convenient to realize the over-high pressure pressure relief protection and the over-low pressure oxygen intake protection function. The protection of the animal's lungs during the experiment is well guaranteed. It can effectively enhance the gas signal of the animal's lungs, reduce the time of animal hypoxia, and reduce the waste of hyperpolarized gas.
5.利用现有技术，SD（SpragueDawley远交群大鼠）大鼠，进行大鼠肺部超极化Xe采谱实验，超极化Xe冲洗过程，吸气400ms，呼气800ms，冲洗三次，再进行超极化Xe采谱实验，吸气400ms，屏气1000ms，呼气800ms，进行采谱，信噪比792，屏气压力15cmH2O柱，动物总的缺氧时间5.8s，而且呼出不完全；利用该发明的技术，在同一只大鼠上面实验，超极化Xe冲洗过程，吸气400ms，呼气100ms，冲洗两次，再进行超极化Xe采谱实验，吸450ms，屏1000ms，呼1000ms，进行采谱，信噪比970，屏气压力15cmH2O柱，动物总的缺氧时间3.45s，呼出完全。5. Using the existing technology, SD (Sprague Dawley outbred group rats) rats were used to conduct hyperpolarized Xe spectrum acquisition experiments in the rat lungs. During the hyperpolarized Xe flushing process, inhale for 400ms, exhale for 800ms, and flush three times. Then carry out the hyperpolarized Xe spectrum collection experiment, inhale for 400ms, hold your breath for 1000ms, and exhale for 800ms to collect the spectrum. The signal-to-noise ratio is 792, the breath-hold pressure is 15cmH2 O column, the animal’s total hypoxia time is 5.8s, and the exhalation is incomplete ; Utilize the technology of this invention, experiment on the same rat, hyperpolarized Xe flushing process, inhale 400ms, exhale 100ms, flush twice, then carry out hyperpolarized Xe spectrum collection experiment, inhale 450ms, screen 1000ms, Exhale for 1000 ms to collect spectra, the signal-to-noise ratio is 970, the breath-hold pressure is 15 cmH2 O column, the total hypoxic time of the animal is 3.45 s, and the exhalation is complete.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为一种用于肺部超极化气体成像的动物呼气装置的示意图。Accompanying drawing 1 is a schematic diagram of an animal exhalation device for lung hyperpolarized gas imaging.
图中：1-计算机；2-I/O接口；3-模拟开关；4-压力传感器；5-第一电磁阀；6-第二电磁阀；7-第三电磁阀；8-二氧化碳吸附剂；9-第四电磁阀；10-气体回收袋；11-第五电磁阀；12-第六电磁阀；13-第七电磁阀；14-微型真空泵；15-气路管道；16-多股电子线（非单芯线）。In the figure: 1-computer; 2-I/O interface; 3-analog switch; 4-pressure sensor; 5-first solenoid valve; 6-second solenoid valve; 7-third solenoid valve; 8-carbon dioxide adsorbent ;9-fourth solenoid valve; 10-gas recovery bag; 11-fifth solenoid valve; 12-sixth solenoid valve; 13-seventh solenoid valve; 14-miniature vacuum pump; Electronic wire (not single core wire).
图2为一种用于肺部超极化气体成像的动物呼气装置的实施示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of an animal exhalation device for lung hyperpolarized gas imaging.
图3为一种用于肺部超极化气体成像的动物呼气的方法流程图。FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for animal exhalation for lung hyperpolarized gas imaging.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例1：Example 1:
根据图1、图2、图3可知，一种用于肺部超极化气体MRI的动物呼气装置，它包括计算机1、I/O接口2、模拟开关3、第一电磁阀5、压力传感器4、第二电磁阀6、第三电磁阀7、二氧化碳吸附剂8、第四电磁阀9、气体回收袋10、第五电磁阀11、第六电磁阀12、第七电磁阀13，微型真空泵14、气路管道15、多股电子线16。其特征在于：计算机1通过I/O接口与压力传感器4连接，气路管道15从动物肺部连接出来之后把气路管道15分为两路，气路管道15一端与压力传感器4相连，气路管道15另一端与第一电磁阀5的进气端口相连，第一电磁阀5的出气端口的气路管道15分为两路，第一电磁阀5一端与第二电磁阀6的进气端口相连，第一电磁阀5另一端与微型真空泵14的进气端口相连，第二电磁阀6的出气端口的气路管道15分为两路，第二电磁阀6一端与第三电磁阀7的进气端口相连，第二电磁阀6另外一端气路管道15再分为两路，第二电磁阀6与第五电磁阀11的进气端口相连，第二电磁阀6另外一端与第六电磁阀12的出气端口相连。第三电磁阀7的出气端口与二氧化碳吸附剂8的进气端口相连，二氧化碳吸附剂8的出气端口与第四电磁阀9的进气端口相连，第四电磁阀9的出气端口的气路管道15分为两路，第四电磁阀9分别与气体回收袋（气体）10和第五电磁阀11的出气端口相连。微型真空泵14的出气端口的管道分为两路，微型真空泵14分别与第六电磁阀12的进气端口和第七电磁阀13的进气端口相连，第七电磁阀13的出气端口与大气相通。According to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, it can be seen that a kind of animal exhalation device for pulmonary hyperpolarized gas MRI includes computer 1, I/O interface 2, analog switch 3, first solenoid valve 5, pressure Sensor 4, second solenoid valve 6, third solenoid valve 7, carbon dioxide adsorbent 8, fourth solenoid valve 9, gas recovery bag 10, fifth solenoid valve 11, sixth solenoid valve 12, seventh solenoid valve 13, micro Vacuum pump 14, air pipeline 15, multi-strand electronic wire 16. It is characterized in that: the computer 1 is connected to the pressure sensor 4 through the I/O interface, and the air pipeline 15 is divided into two paths after the gas pipeline 15 is connected from the animal lung, and one end of the gas pipeline 15 is connected to the pressure sensor 4, and the gas pipeline 15 is connected to the pressure sensor 4. The other end of the pipeline 15 is connected to the inlet port of the first solenoid valve 5, and the gas pipeline 15 of the gas outlet port of the first solenoid valve 5 is divided into two paths, and one end of the first solenoid valve 5 is connected to the inlet port of the second solenoid valve 6. The other end of the first solenoid valve 5 is connected to the inlet port of the micro vacuum pump 14, the gas pipeline 15 of the outlet port of the second solenoid valve 6 is divided into two paths, and one end of the second solenoid valve 6 is connected to the third solenoid valve 7 The other end of the second electromagnetic valve 6 is connected to the air inlet port of the second electromagnetic valve 6, and the other end of the second electromagnetic valve 6 is connected to the air inlet port of the fifth electromagnetic valve 11, and the other end of the second electromagnetic valve 6 is connected to the sixth electromagnetic valve 6. The gas outlet ports of the solenoid valve 12 are connected to each other. The outlet port of the third solenoid valve 7 is connected to the inlet port of the carbon dioxide adsorbent 8, the outlet port of the carbon dioxide adsorbent 8 is connected to the inlet port of the fourth solenoid valve 9, and the gas path pipeline of the outlet port of the fourth solenoid valve 9 15 is divided into two circuits, the fourth solenoid valve 9 is connected with the gas recovery bag (gas) 10 and the gas outlet port of the fifth solenoid valve 11 respectively. The pipeline of the gas outlet port of the miniature vacuum pump 14 is divided into two paths, the miniature vacuum pump 14 is connected with the inlet port of the sixth solenoid valve 12 and the inlet port of the seventh solenoid valve 13 respectively, and the gas outlet port of the seventh solenoid valve 13 communicates with the atmosphere .
计算机1通过I/O接口2连接到压力传感器4上面，计算机1接收压力传感器4的电信号，处理后在计算机1上面实时显示与动物肺部相连的管道的中的压力。同时，计算机1通过I/O接口2与模拟开关3相连，模拟开关3通过多股电子线16分别与第二电磁阀6、第三电磁阀7、第四电磁阀9、第五电磁阀11、第六电磁阀12、第七电磁阀13相连。计算机1通过I/O接口输出TTL电平给模拟开关3，能够快速控制第一电磁阀5、第二电磁阀6、第三电磁阀7、第四电磁阀9、第五电磁阀11、第六电磁阀12、第七电磁阀13的开启和关闭。The computer 1 is connected to the pressure sensor 4 through the I/O interface 2, the computer 1 receives the electrical signal of the pressure sensor 4, and after processing, displays the pressure in the pipeline connected to the animal lung in real time on the computer 1. Simultaneously, the computer 1 is connected with the analog switch 3 through the I/O interface 2, and the analog switch 3 is respectively connected with the second solenoid valve 6, the third solenoid valve 7, the fourth solenoid valve 9, and the fifth solenoid valve 11 through a multi-strand electronic wire 16. , The sixth solenoid valve 12 and the seventh solenoid valve 13 are connected. The computer 1 outputs TTL level to the analog switch 3 through the I/O interface, which can quickly control the first solenoid valve 5, the second solenoid valve 6, the third solenoid valve 7, the fourth solenoid valve 9, the fifth solenoid valve 11, the Opening and closing of the six solenoid valves 12 and the seventh solenoid valve 13.
其中，第五电磁阀11、第二电磁阀6、第七电磁阀13控制实现对气路管道15和气体回收袋10中空气的抽取，从而排除气路管道15和气体回收袋10中的空气，可以提高后续收集到的气体的纯度。Among them, the fifth solenoid valve 11, the second solenoid valve 6, and the seventh solenoid valve 13 control and realize the extraction of air in the gas pipeline 15 and the gas recovery bag 10, thereby eliminating the air in the gas pipeline 15 and the gas recovery bag 10 , can improve the purity of the subsequent collected gas.
其中，第一电磁阀5、第六电磁阀12、第三电磁阀7、第四电磁阀9控制发明装置中呼气方法的实现，并控制对超极化气体成像之后呼出气体的回收。Among them, the first solenoid valve 5, the sixth solenoid valve 12, the third solenoid valve 7, and the fourth solenoid valve 9 control the realization of the exhalation method in the inventive device, and control the recovery of the exhaled gas after imaging the hyperpolarized gas.
其中，超极化气体肺部MRI成像之后呼出的气体中二氧化碳的去除通过商用的二氧化碳吸附剂8实现。并利用气体回收袋10收集。Among them, the removal of carbon dioxide in the exhaled gas after hyperpolarized gas lung MRI imaging is achieved by commercial carbon dioxide adsorbent8. And utilize the gas recovery bag 10 to collect.
本发明装置中各部件的详细描述如下：The detailed description of each part in the device of the present invention is as follows:
计算机1采用lenovoY400N-IFI（T）或者其他电脑，用来控制整个装置的运行；Computer 1 uses lenovoY400N-IFI(T) or other computers to control the operation of the entire device;
I/O接口2采用lenovoY400N-IFI（T）自带USB输入输出口，用来实现计算机1与模拟开关3、压力传感器4之间电信号的传输；I/O interface 2 adopts lenovoY400N-IFI (T) with its own USB input and output port, which is used to realize the transmission of electrical signals between computer 1, analog switch 3 and pressure sensor 4;
模拟开关3采用美国MaximIntegrated Products公司的MAX319芯片，用来快速控制电磁阀（5、6、7、9、11、12、13）的开启和关闭；Analog switch 3 adopts American MaximThe MAX319 chip of Integrated Products is used to quickly control the opening and closing of the solenoid valves (5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13);
压力传感器4采用日本FUJIKURA公司压力传感器XFGM—6025KPGSR，用来探测与动物肺部相连的气路管道中压力值；The pressure sensor 4 adopts the pressure sensor XFGM-6025KPGSR of Japan FUJIKURA Company, which is used to detect the pressure value in the air pipeline connected to the lung of the animal;
第一电磁阀5采用美国Clippard公司电磁阀EC-2-12-H，用来快速控制所在管道的开启和关闭；The first solenoid valve 5 adopts the solenoid valve EC-2-12-H of Clippard Company of the United States, which is used to quickly control the opening and closing of the pipeline;
第二电磁阀6采用美国Clippard公司电磁阀EC-2-12-H，用来快速控制所在管道的开启和关闭；The second solenoid valve 6 adopts the solenoid valve EC-2-12-H of Clippard Company of the United States, which is used to quickly control the opening and closing of the pipeline;
第三电磁阀7采用美国Clippard公司电磁阀EC-2-12-H，用来快速控制所在管道的开启和关闭；The third electromagnetic valve 7 adopts the electromagnetic valve EC-2-12-H of Clippard Company of the United States, which is used to quickly control the opening and closing of the pipeline;
二氧化碳吸附剂8采用上海纳辉干燥试剂厂的医用钠石灰二氧化碳吸附剂，用来吸收动物呼出气体中的二氧化碳气体；The carbon dioxide adsorbent 8 adopts the medical soda lime carbon dioxide adsorbent from Shanghai Nahui Drying Reagent Factory, which is used to absorb the carbon dioxide gas in the exhaled breath of animals;
第四电磁阀9采用美国Clippard公司电磁阀EC-2-12-H，用来快速控制所在管道的开启和关闭；The fourth electromagnetic valve 9 adopts the electromagnetic valve EC-2-12-H of Clippard Company of the United States, which is used to quickly control the opening and closing of the pipeline;
气体回收袋10北京北仪铭科科技有限公司的FEP特氟龙气体收集袋，用来收集呼出的超极化气体；Gas recovery bag 10 FEP Teflon gas collection bag from Beijing Beiyi Mingke Technology Co., Ltd., used to collect exhaled hyperpolarized gas;
第五电磁阀11采用美国Clippard公司电磁阀EC-2-12-H，用来快速控制所在管道的开启和关闭；The fifth solenoid valve 11 adopts the solenoid valve EC-2-12-H of Clippard Company of the United States, which is used to quickly control the opening and closing of the pipeline;
第六电磁阀12采用美国Clippard公司电磁阀EC-2-12-H，用来快速控制所在管道的开启和关闭；The sixth solenoid valve 12 adopts the solenoid valve EC-2-12-H of Clippard Company of the United States, which is used to quickly control the opening and closing of the pipeline;
第七电磁阀13采用美国Clippard公司电磁阀EC-2-12-H，用来快速控制所在管道的开启和关闭；The seventh solenoid valve 13 adopts the solenoid valve EC-2-12-H of Clippard Company of the United States, which is used to quickly control the opening and closing of the pipeline;
微型真空泵14采用卡川尔流体科技（上海）有限公司的无油真空隔膜24V负压微型泵，用来实现管道的预处理和动物的快速呼气；The micro-vacuum pump 14 adopts the oil-free vacuum diaphragm 24V negative pressure micro-pump of Katruan Fluid Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., which is used to realize the pretreatment of the pipeline and the rapid exhalation of animals;
气路管道15采用Swagelok公司外径1/8英寸的透明聚四氟乙烯管，用来作为气路流动的管道；The gas pipeline 15 adopts a transparent polytetrafluoroethylene tube with an outer diameter of 1/8 inch of Swagelok Company, which is used as a pipeline for gas flow;
多股电子线16采用永行线缆厂家的国标RV0.5平方铜芯多股软线，用来实现电信号的传输。The multi-strand electronic wire 16 adopts the national standard RV0.5 square copper core multi-strand flexible wire of the Yongxing cable manufacturer, which is used to realize the transmission of electrical signals.
以实验动物使用活体SD（SpragueDawley远交群大鼠）大鼠为例，一种在动物肺部超极化气体MRI过程中控制动物呼气的方法，具体实施步骤如下：Taking live SD (Sprague Dawley outbred rats) rats as an example of experimental animals, a method for controlling the exhalation of animals during MRI of hyperpolarized gas in the lungs of animals, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
步骤一：实验开始，计算机1控制第二电磁阀6、第五电磁阀11、第七电磁阀（13）开启，第一电磁阀5、第三电磁阀7、第四电磁阀9和第六电磁阀11关闭，同时微型真空泵14开启。以除去管道中的空气。Step 1: The experiment starts, the computer 1 controls the opening of the second solenoid valve 6, the fifth solenoid valve 11, and the seventh solenoid valve (13), the first solenoid valve 5, the third solenoid valve 7, the fourth solenoid valve 9 and the sixth solenoid valve Electromagnetic valve 11 is closed, and micro vacuum pump 14 is opened simultaneously. to remove air from the pipe.
步骤二：将做好插管的麻醉活体SD大鼠与整个装置接口A相连，通过呼吸机控制动物进行氧气的呼吸循环。吸氧气时间300ms，呼氧气时间600ms，潮气量3mL/次。Step 2: Anesthetized live SD rats that have been intubated are connected to interface A of the entire device, and the breathing cycle of oxygen is controlled by the ventilator. The oxygen inhalation time is 300ms, the oxygen exhalation time is 600ms, and the tidal volume is 3mL/time.
步骤三：极化气体装置生产的超极化氙气通过传输系统与A口相连，控制进入超极化氙气的冲洗SD大鼠肺部阶段。吸超极化氙气最高压力15cmH2O柱，吸超极化气体体积3ml。此超极化冲洗过程可以由原来的多次降为现在的一次。Step 3: The hyperpolarized xenon gas produced by the polarized gas device is connected to the A port through the transmission system, and the hyperpolarized xenon gas is controlled to enter the stage of flushing the lungs of SD rats. Inhale hyperpolarized xenon gas with a maximum pressure of 15cmH2 O column, and absorb hyperpolarized gas volume of 3ml. This hyperpolarized flushing process can be reduced from the original multiple times to the current one.
步骤四：再次控制SD大鼠吸入超极化氙气，保证此次吸超极化氙气最高压力仍为15cmH2O柱，此次超极化吸入体积大于3mL。然后控制SD大鼠屏住超极化氙气1000ms，同步触发MRI谱仪进行成像或者采谱。最后控制呼出超极化氙气。Step 4: Control SD rats to inhale hyperpolarized xenon gas again, and ensure that the maximum pressure of hyperpolarized xenon inhalation is still 15cmH2 O column, and the hyperpolarized inhalation volume is greater than 3mL. Then the SD rats were controlled to hold the hyperpolarized xenon gas for 1000ms, and the MRI spectrometer was triggered synchronously for imaging or spectrum acquisition. Finally control exhalation of hyperpolarized xenon gas.
步骤五：一次实验结束后，回到初始氧气循环阶段。Step 5: After one experiment, return to the initial oxygen circulation stage.
控制呼出超极化氙气过程如下：The process of controlling exhalation of hyperpolarized xenon gas is as follows:
1.第一电磁阀5、第三电磁阀7、第四电磁阀9和第六电磁阀11开启，第二电磁阀6、第五电磁阀11、第七电磁阀13关闭。控制SD大鼠快速而且完全呼出超极化氙气和二氧化碳的混合气体，混合气体通过二氧化碳吸附剂之后，进入回收袋子。二氧化碳吸附剂可以吸收掉混合气体中的二氧化碳气体。1. The first solenoid valve 5, the third solenoid valve 7, the fourth solenoid valve 9 and the sixth solenoid valve 11 are opened, and the second solenoid valve 6, the fifth solenoid valve 11 and the seventh solenoid valve 13 are closed. The control SD rats exhaled the mixed gas of hyperpolarized xenon gas and carbon dioxide rapidly and completely, and the mixed gas entered the recovery bag after passing through the carbon dioxide adsorbent. The carbon dioxide adsorbent can absorb the carbon dioxide gas in the mixed gas.
2.通过压力传感器4实时监测直接连接SD大鼠肺部的管道压力，在呼出超极化气体过程中，当压力等于零的时候，控制第一电磁阀5关闭，从而可以避免出现负压导致SD大鼠肺部的损伤。结束该次控制SD大鼠呼出超极化氙气。并对超极化氙气纯化，回收。2. Real-time monitoring of the pipeline pressure directly connected to the lungs of SD rats through the pressure sensor 4. During the process of exhaling hyperpolarized gas, when the pressure is equal to zero, the first electromagnetic valve 5 is controlled to close, thereby avoiding the occurrence of negative pressure leading to SD Injury to the lungs of rats. At the end of this session, the control SD rats exhaled hyperpolarized xenon gas. And the hyperpolarized xenon gas is purified and recovered.
3.等待下次呼出超极化氙气过程，重复上述步骤。3. Wait for the next exhalation of hyperpolarized xenon gas, and repeat the above steps.
以上本发明具体实施例中，使用的超极化气体为氙气，选用的实验动物是体重180~200g的活体SD大鼠，氧气呼吸频率为67次/min，潮气量为3mL/次。超极化氙气的吸气最高压力为15cmH2O柱。所选动物还可以是小鼠，兔子，猫，狗等其它的实验动物。氧气呼吸频率，潮气量和超极化气体的吸气最高压力根据具体的动物类型和体重进行选择和控制。除超极化氙气外，超极化气体还可以是超极化氦气，超极化氪气。In the above specific embodiments of the present invention, the hyperpolarized gas used is xenon, and the selected experimental animals are live SD rats with a body weight of 180-200 g, with an oxygen respiration rate of 67 times/min, and a tidal volume of 3 mL/time. The maximum suction pressure of hyperpolarized xenon gas is 15cmH2 O column. The selected animals can also be mice, rabbits, cats, dogs and other experimental animals. Oxygen breathing rate, tidal volume and peak inspiratory pressure of hyperpolarized gas are selected and controlled according to specific animal type and body weight. In addition to hyperpolarized xenon, hyperpolarized gas can also be hyperpolarized helium, hyperpolarized krypton.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410516005.XACN104287731B (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | The device that a kind of animal for pulmonary's hyperpolarized gas imaging is exhaled |
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| CN201410516005.XACN104287731B (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | The device that a kind of animal for pulmonary's hyperpolarized gas imaging is exhaled |
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| CN104287731A CN104287731A (en) | 2015-01-21 |
| CN104287731Btrue CN104287731B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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| CN201410516005.XAActiveCN104287731B (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | The device that a kind of animal for pulmonary's hyperpolarized gas imaging is exhaled |
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