A kind of processing method of fresh yamTechnical field
The present invention relates to food processing field, the processing method particularly relating to a kind of fresh yam.
Background technology
Rhizoma Dioscoreae is conventional tonic Chinese medicine material, and medicinal history is long, begins to be loaded in Shennong's Herbal, is listed in top grade, and the efficacy effect of Rhizoma Dioscoreae is all described by motherland's numerous ancient books famous classic；Compendium of Material Medica is summarised as five large effects, kidney tonifying gas, strengthening the spleen and stomach, stopping leak dysentery, the saliva that reduces phlegm, profit fur；Some nourish prescription, all contain Rhizoma Dioscoreae such as LIUWEI DIHUANG WAN, QIJU DIHUANG WAN, SHENLING BAISHU SAN etc..These efficacy effects of Rhizoma Dioscoreae and its abundant nutrition and polysaccharide, allantoin, Saponin, phytic acid isoreactivity composition are closely related.Research shows, Rhizoma Dioscoreae has blood sugar lowering, defying age, antioxidation, regulates or strengthen the efficacy effect such as immunity, adjustment the intestines and stomach.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae integration of edible and medicinal herbs, has eaten the custom of Rhizoma Dioscoreae as far back as 3,000 Nian Qian China, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae starch content is high, and delicate succulence, quality is crisp and refreshing, is loved by the people as food materials.China's Rhizoma Dioscoreae aboundresources, widely distributed, it is one of traditional foreign exchange earning agricultural product of China.Within 2006, China's yam planting area is 72663 hectares, and the Rhizoma Dioscoreae yield of annual plantation results is more than several ten million tons, and has the trend of cumulative year after year.Abundant Rhizoma Dioscoreae resource is in addition to a part is as Chinese crude drug, and the most among the people edible as vegetable, its value does not obtain rational development and utilization.The harvest season of fresh Chinese yam concentrates, and fresh Chinese yam moisture is big, and the storability of tuber is poor and floor space big, is difficult to preserve for a long time and long distance transportation, and a large amount of Rhizoma Dioscoreae resources rot the most in vain.For rational exploitation and utilization Rhizoma Dioscoreae resource, modern food processing and storage technology should be utilized, Rhizoma Dioscoreae is processed into the high value added product of various nutrient health, instant, safety and sanitation, to promote the development of Rhizoma Dioscoreae industry.The research developed currently, with respect to Rhizoma Dioscoreae is the most progressively carried out, and a series of products such as Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder, quick freezed yam, fresh-cut yams, yam drink etc. studies have reported that.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae can be divided into two big inner mold according to the number of water content, content of starch, face the mountain medicine and crisp Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
The medicine that faces the mountain has another name called medicine Rhizoma Dioscoreae, and water content is about 76%, and content of starch is that its quality of 14.4-19% is solid, soft mouth feel, tuber tubbiness, meat white dietotherapeutic.Mucus is many and stickiness strong, and phlegmatic temperament content accounts for the 8% of dry, and the medicine that faces the mountain contains rich in protein, its content about 17.5%, such as Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
Crisp Rhizoma Dioscoreae has another name called dish Rhizoma Dioscoreae, its content moisture content more about 86%, and content of starch is few, the most also cries water Rhizoma Dioscoreae, and crisp Rhizoma Dioscoreae matter is crisp, color is shallow, Rhizoma Imperatae is dilute and short, such as water Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
Owing to the growth characteristic of Rhizoma Dioscoreae makes its harvest cycle compare concentration, and have the highest moisture, the storability of Rhizoma Dioscoreae tuber is poor and floor space is big simultaneously, quality is more crisp, peeling bad, difficult of easily being collided with, so preserve long-time and long-distance transport wasted ample resources, and in the course of processing, there is also the problem of active ingredient loss, this is totally unfavorable to Processing Technology of Chinese Yan and market, and the economic profit of peasant planting Rhizoma Dioscoreae also can be affected.Therefore, the preservation of Rhizoma Dioscoreae and deep processing become the focus of research in recent years.
Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis Rhizoma Dioscoreae originates in Flos Jasmini Nudiflori, Qichun, the offshoot Victoria Peak, southern foot two, domestic Dabie Mountain, Wuxue City of Wuxue City's handing-over, hundred Yuan Fengkou ridges of Heng Gang mountain composition.Soil layer is deep herein, and soil property is fertile, abundant water, sunlight only have three hours shine the time, be particularly suitable for the growth of Rhizoma Dioscoreae.Compared with other Chinese yams, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Rhizoma dioscoreae, Buddhist slaps Rhizoma Dioscoreae at aspects such as mouthfeel, nutritive value, medical values obviously higher than other Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
For a long time, the seasonality that Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis Rhizoma Dioscoreae produces because of it, easy brown stain, the feature such as rot, it sells and processes restricted, carries out that Rhizoma Dioscoreae is fresh-keeping and deep processing is exploitation local products resource, realizes industrialization problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
For problem and shortage present in current Rhizoma Dioscoreae preservation and deep processing, especially according to the different qualities of medicine such as Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis Rhizoma Dioscoreae, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae that face the mountain, the processing method that the invention provides a kind of fresh yam.
The technical scheme is that and be achieved in that:
The processing method of a kind of fresh yam, comprises the steps of:
1) clean, peeling: wash Rhizoma Dioscoreae, scrape off the epidermis of Rhizoma Dioscoreae；
2) remove epidermis mucus, mud, impurity: carry out immersion treatment with saline solution, clean epidermal mucosa, smear the mud impurity washing attachment epidermis, choose black removal speckle；
3) pickle: use the sodium hexametaphosphate solution of raw material and water gross weight 10～the citric acid of the Sal of 18%, 0.2～0.5%, 0.15～0.25% to pickle；
4) desalination, section: soak Rhizoma Dioscoreae with clear water, changed water once every two hours, changes twice water, cuts into slices after soaking six hours, continues to put into clear water and soak after section, until Rhizoma Dioscoreae salinity is stand-by after 3～6%；
5) sterilizing solidification: put into Rhizoma Dioscoreae toward stainless-steel pan, add appropriate water, sodium pyrosulfite, citric acid, modulation 0.15～the metabisulfite solution of 0.25% and 0.2～the aqueous citric acid solution (by the weight of water) of 0.5%, heating is stopped after being heated to 80～95 degrees Celsius, and keep this temperature range 4-10 minute, pull Rhizoma Dioscoreae clear water out and have a shower；
6) color fixative: with 0.1～0.3% aqueous citric acid solution color fixative 20 minutes after by clean water, repeat color fixative 4-6 time；
7) packaging evacuate: use packaging for foodstuff, load net weight be 50% solid content and 50% citric acid prepared molten, control solution pH value 4.0～4.6, evacuate sealing；
8) sterilizing: the Rhizoma Dioscoreae evacuating packaging is put in water, maintains water temperature between 85～95 degrees Celsius, be rapidly cooled to room temperature after sterilizing in 40～60 minutes；
9) packaging warehouse-in: drying the moisture content in flexible package, vanning warehouse-in, room temperature keeps in Dark Place.
Further, the processing method of a kind of fresh yam, comprise the steps of:
1) clean, peeling: wash Rhizoma Dioscoreae, scrape off the epidermis of Rhizoma Dioscoreae；
2) remove epidermis mucus, mud, impurity: carry out immersion treatment with saline solution, clean epidermal mucosa, smear the mud impurity washing attachment epidermis, choose black removal speckle；
3) pickle: use raw material and the Sal of water gross weight 12%, the citric acid of 0.3, the sodium hexametaphosphate solution of 0.2% to pickle；
4) desalination, section: soak Rhizoma Dioscoreae with clear water, changed water once every two hours, changes twice water, cuts into slices after soaking six hours, continues to put into clear water and soak after section, until Rhizoma Dioscoreae salinity is stand-by after 3～6%；
5) sterilizing solidification: put into Rhizoma Dioscoreae toward stainless-steel pan, add appropriate water, sodium pyrosulfite, citric acid, the sodium pyrosulfite of modulation 0.2% and the citric acid (by the weight of water) of 0.3%, heating is stopped after being heated to 80～95 degrees Celsius, and keep this temperature range 5 minutes, pull Rhizoma Dioscoreae clear water out and have a shower；
6) color fixative: the aqueous citric acid solution color fixative with 0.2% by clean water, repeated color fixative 5 times after 20 minutes；
7) packaging evacuate: use packaging for foodstuff, load net weight be 50% solid content and 50% citric acid prepared molten, control solution pH value 4.0～4.6, evacuate sealing；
8) sterilizing: the Rhizoma Dioscoreae evacuating packaging is put in water, maintains water temperature between 80～95 degrees Celsius, be rapidly cooled to room temperature after sterilizing in 50 minutes；
9) packaging warehouse-in: drying the moisture content in flexible package, vanning warehouse-in, room temperature keeps in Dark Place.
Further, the step 2 of above two fresh yam processing method) in saline solution be 4-6%.
Further, the step 2 of above two fresh yam processing method) in the immersion treatment time be 8-12 minute.
Further, the step 3 of above two fresh yam processing method) in salting period be 96-168 hour.
Further, the step 7 of above two fresh yam processing method) in the PVC soft packaging bag of anti-ultraviolet.
Part processing method in above-mentioned steps, its purpose and principle are as follows:
Remove lymphatic temperament: the medicine Skin mucus matter that faces the mountain must be first removed in the processing of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, phlegmatic temperament is the conjugate of a kind of proteinpolysaccharide, the salt ion of high concentration can strive strange hydration shell with protein micelle, salt is again strong electrolyte simultaneously, dissociating of protein can be suppressed, thus with the neutral salt of high concentration (4～6%), making the carried charge of protein reduce, hydration shell destroys and is precipitated out from solution.Salt precipitation albumen can make Rhizoma Dioscoreae Skin mucus matter decompose, it is thus possible to reach to clean epidermis mucus, smears the mud impurity washing attaching surface.
Pickling: A, pickle during Rhizoma Dioscoreae as very few in salt amount, microorganism causes normal fermentation effect, and Fermentation is based on lactate fermentation, correspondingly generates lactic acid, affects the mouthfeel of Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
B, salt content too much, dehydration can be played, make the water retention property of Rhizoma Dioscoreae reduce, produce degeneration and make protein character be destroyed, reduction Rhizoma Dioscoreae waxy, affect its mouthfeel.
The salt solution of C, 10～16% pickle 96～168 hours pickle with Rhizoma Dioscoreae in latter stage of ripening contained by the effect of protein receptor microorganism and the effect of contained proteolytic enzyme itself and be gradually broken down into aminoacid.Fragrance and the delicate flavour of Rhizoma Dioscoreae can be strengthened.And the most appropriate sodium hexameta phosphate, natural colored and the moisture holding capacity of Rhizoma Dioscoreae can be stablized.The citric acid solution of pH value 4.0～4.6 can play color fixative, preservation.
Sterilizing solidify: the starch of Rhizoma Dioscoreae can start gelatinizing at 80 degrees Celsius, lymphatic temperament when 85 degrees Celsius can ripening, can lose activity when protease, starch phenol are more than 85 degrees Celsius.Can keep the original local flavor of Rhizoma Dioscoreae and mouthfeel the temperature blanch Rhizoma Dioscoreaes of 80～95 degrees Celsius, temperature is too low does not play solidification, the unclear wash rice of finished product soup after processing, nutrition leak.The too high Rhizoma Dioscoreae of temperature is ripe spends greatly, the most rotten, easily spits.
Color fixative: aqueous citric acid solution can play color fixative, preservation, to keep the original color and luster of Rhizoma Dioscoreae constant.
Make fresh yam by above-mentioned processing method, have the advantages that:
1, can effectively remove the lymphatic temperament of medicine-feeding epidermis, and the lymphatic temperament inside Rhizoma Dioscoreae can be kept not run off, both ensure the attractive in appearance of product, can effectively protect again the nutritive value of product；
2, use the fresh yam that this processing method makes, the original nutritive value of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, taste and flavor can be kept for a long time；
3, it has been obviously prolonged the storage life of product, has conveniently stored, transport, use.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The processing method of a kind of fresh yam, comprises the steps of:
1) clean, peeling: wash Rhizoma Dioscoreae, scrape off the epidermis of Rhizoma Dioscoreae；
2) remove epidermis mucus, mud, impurity: soak 10 minutes with the common salt aqueous solution that concentration is 5%, clean epidermal mucosa, smear the mud impurity washing attachment epidermis, choose black removal speckle；
3) pickle: use raw material and the Sal of water gross weight 12%, the citric acid of 0.3%, the sodium hexametaphosphate solution of 0.2% to pickle 120 hours；
4) desalination, section: soak Rhizoma Dioscoreae with clear water, changed water once every two hours, cuts into slices after six hours, continues to put into clear water and soak after section, until Rhizoma Dioscoreae salinity is stand-by after 4～6%；
5) sterilizing solidification: put into Rhizoma Dioscoreae toward stainless-steel pan, add appropriate water, sodium pyrosulfite, citric acid, it is modulated into the metabisulfite solution of 0.2% and the aqueous citric acid solution (by the weight of water) of 0.3%, it is heated to 80～90 degrees Celsius to raw material, stop heating and keep this temperature range 5 minutes, pulling Rhizoma Dioscoreae clear water out and have a shower；
6) color fixative: the aqueous citric acid solution color fixative with 0.2% cleaned after 20 minutes, repeats color fixative 5 times；
7) packaging evacuates: use food flexible packing bag, and loading net weight is 50% solid content and 50% citric acid solution prepared, and the pH value of control solution, 4.2～4.5, evacuates sealing；
8) sterilizing: the Rhizoma Dioscoreae evacuating packaging is put in water, maintains water temperature between 80～90 degrees Celsius, be rapidly cooled to room temperature after sterilizing in 50 minutes；
9) packaging warehouse-in: drying moisture content vanning warehouse-in in flexible package, room temperature keeps in Dark Place.
Embodiment 2
The processing method of a kind of fresh yam, comprises the steps of:
1) clean, peeling: wash Rhizoma Dioscoreae, scrape off the epidermis of Rhizoma Dioscoreae；
2) remove epidermis mucus, mud, impurity: soak 12 minutes with the common salt aqueous solution that concentration is 4%, clean epidermal mucosa, smear the mud impurity washing attachment epidermis, choose black removal speckle；
3) pickle: use raw material and the Sal of water gross weight 15%,The citric acid of 0.25%, the sodium hexametaphosphate solution of 0.25% pickle 100 hours；
4) desalination, section: soak Rhizoma Dioscoreae with clear water, changed water once every two hours, cuts into slices after six hours, continues to put into clear water and soak after section, until Rhizoma Dioscoreae salinity is stand-by after about 5%；
5) sterilizing solidification: put into Rhizoma Dioscoreae toward stainless-steel pan, add appropriate water, sodium pyrosulfite, citric acid, the metabisulfite solution of modulation 0.25% and the aqueous citric acid solution (by the weight of water) of 0.25%, it is heated to 80～90 degrees Celsius to raw material, stop heating and keep this temperature range 8 minutes, pulling Rhizoma Dioscoreae clear water out and have a shower；
6) color fixative: the aqueous citric acid solution color fixative with 0.25% cleaned after 20 minutes, repeats color fixative 4 times；
7) packaging evacuates: use the PVC soft packaging bag of anti-ultraviolet, and loading net weight is 50% solid content and 50% citric acid solution prepared, and the pH value of control solution, 4.3～4.6, evacuates sealing；
8) sterilizing: the Rhizoma Dioscoreae evacuating packaging is put in water, maintains water temperature between 85～90 degrees Celsius, be rapidly cooled to room temperature after sterilizing in 40 minutes；
9) packaging warehouse-in: drying moisture content vanning warehouse-in in flexible package, room temperature keeps in Dark Place.
These are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention, therefore, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included within the scope of the present invention.