技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于煤矿工作面底板破坏模拟试验设备技术领域，涉及一种矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of damage simulation test equipment for bottom plates of coal mine working faces, and relates to a mining damage simulation test device for bottom plates of mine working faces.
背景技术：Background technique:
目前，随着煤层开采不断加深，地质构造及水文地质日趋复杂，矿山压力和采动应力对底板的破坏深度不断加大，开采下组煤时遇到的薄隔水层、高承压含水层采动突水问题越来越成为矿井水害主要威胁，我国在底板突水规律研究方面起始于60年代，当时注意到匈牙利底板相对隔水层理论在实践中的应用，在焦作矿区水文地质大会战中，以煤科总院西安勘探分院为代表，提出了采用突水系数作为预测预报底板突水与否的标准；在80年代初，由山东科技大学荆自刚在实践中提出“下三带”的理论观点，并由以李白英为代表的一批科研人员在实践中进行应用和发展；煤科总院北京开采所王作宇、刘鸿泉等人于上世纪90年代初提出原位张裂与零位破坏理论，煤科总院北京开采所刘天泉院士，张金才等于上世纪90年代提出了底板岩体“两带”的模型，中科院地质所提出于上世纪90年代提出“强渗通道”说；煤科院西安分院于上世纪90年代提出岩水应力关系”说。中国矿业大学钱鸣高院士、黎梁杰根据底板岩层的层状结构特征，于上世纪90年代中期建立了采场底板岩体的关键层理论。本世纪初由山东科技大学施龙青、宋振骐院士提出为开采煤层底板“下四带”理论的模型。上述底板突水及底板破坏研究主要以力学理论计算和数值软件模拟为主，而底板破坏深度探测以物探探测、钻孔注水及超声波探测为主。采场围岩运动中的顶板裂隙发育、运动可以利用室内相似模拟进行试验，但没有对采场底板破坏进行模拟试验；同时，目前煤层开采均为大型综采设备往返刀割落煤，冒落带岩石重新压实采空区底板，对这些开采技术条件也没用相似的模拟方法。因此，结合目前煤矿开采技术现状，开发一种矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验装置，能够对底板受到的采动破坏行为进行试验模拟，结合岩石力学试验、损伤-断裂力学理论、数值模拟计算等手段，揭示底板采动破坏机理，解决目前受采动破坏底板突水难题。At present, with the continuous deepening of coal seam mining, the geological structure and hydrogeology are becoming more and more complex, and the depth of damage to the floor caused by mine pressure and mining stress is increasing. Mining water inrush has increasingly become a major threat to mine water hazards. China began to study the law of floor water inrush in the 1960s. At that time, it noticed the application of the theory of relative aquitards in Hungary. During the war, represented by the Xi’an Exploration Branch of the General Academy of Coal Science and Technology, it was proposed to use the water inrush coefficient as the standard for predicting whether the floor water inrush or not; The theoretical point of view was applied and developed in practice by a group of scientific researchers represented by Li Baiying; Wang Zuoyu, Liu Hongquan and others from the Beijing Mining Institute of the General Academy of Coal Science and Technology proposed in-situ cracking and zero-position in the early 1990s. Destruction theory, Liu Tianquan, academician of the Beijing Mining Institute of the General Academy of Coal Sciences, Zhang Jincai and others proposed the model of the "two zones" of the floor rock mass in the 1990s, and the Institute of Geology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences put forward the theory of "strong seepage channels" in the 1990s; In the 1990s, the Xi’an Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences put forward the theory of "rock-water stress relationship". Academician Qian Minggao and Li Liangjie of China University of Mining and Technology established the key point of the stope floor rock mass in the mid-1990s based on the layered structure characteristics of the floor rock. At the beginning of this century, academicians Shi Longqing and Song Zhenqi of Shandong University of Science and Technology put forward a model of the theory of "lower four zones" of the mining coal seam floor. The above-mentioned research on floor water inrush and floor failure is mainly based on mechanical theoretical calculations and numerical software simulations. The detection of damage depth is mainly based on geophysical exploration, drilling water injection and ultrasonic detection. The development and movement of roof cracks in the movement of surrounding rock in the stope can be tested using similar simulations in the laboratory, but there is no simulation test for the damage of the stope floor; at the same time, currently Coal seam mining is performed by large-scale fully-mechanized mining equipment reciprocating and cutting coal, and rocks in the caving zone re-compact the floor of the goaf, and there is no similar simulation method for these mining technical conditions. Therefore, combined with the current status of coal mining technology, develop a A mining failure simulation test device for the floor of a mine working face can test and simulate the mining failure behavior of the floor, and combine rock mechanics tests, damage-fracture mechanics theory, numerical simulation calculations and other means to reveal the mining failure mechanism of the floor and solve the problem. At present, it is a problem of water inrush on the floor damaged by mining.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，寻求设计提供一种矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验装置，开发矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验平台。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, seek to design and provide a mining damage simulation test device for the bottom plate of the mine working face, and develop a mining damage simulation test platform for the bottom plate of the mine working face.
为了实现上述目的，本发明涉及的矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验装置主体结构包括主液压伺服加载器、顶部加载体、液压伺服卸载加载器、卸载加载板、侧向固定板、侧向加载固定器、平台底座、液压管路、顶部液压管路、应力监测点、应力采集系统、液压伺服控制系统、可拆卸侧边和测试岩体；平台底座两端对称式固定制有侧向加载固定器，用以模拟侧向构造应力对地层的加载作用；侧向加载固定器与侧向固定板固定连接，侧向加载固定器工作时，侧向固定板与测试岩体接触加载；侧向加载固定器通过侧向固定板将测试岩体固定在平台底座上；测试岩体同一深度水平方向以每米两个的分布密度均匀分布制有应力监测点，应力监测点采用应力应变片式传感器，采集底板应力分布特征；应力监测点与应力采集系统连接，应力采集系统自动采集测试岩体的应力应变数据；测试岩体的上端固定安装制有卸载加载板，卸载加载板两侧分布安装制有可拆卸侧边，可拆卸侧边在模拟试验中传递的应力是破坏底板的主要原因；顶部加载体和卸载加载板之间设有液压伺服卸载加载器，液压伺服卸载加载器由一组卸载加载器组成，卸载加载器的数量与卸载加载板的数量一致，并牢固连接，液压伺服卸载加载器模拟工作面煤层采出后对工作面底板的卸压作用，也模拟工作面顶板老空区内直接顶冒落后重新对底板进行恢复加载作用；顶部加载体上部安装制有主液压伺服加载器，主液压伺服加载器通过加载压力模拟垂直地应力，对试验初始阶段的总盈利加载，在工作面采动液压伺服卸载加载器卸压时，主液压伺服加载器仍保持原来状态，使总体压力一直存在；主液压伺服加载器与顶部液压管路连通；作为整个装置动力源和动力控制系统的液压控制伺服系统分别与主液压伺服加载器、液压伺服卸载加载器和侧向加载固定器连接。In order to achieve the above object, the main structure of the mining failure simulation test device for the mine working face bottom plate according to the present invention includes a main hydraulic servo loader, a top loading body, a hydraulic servo unloading loader, an unloading loading plate, a lateral fixing plate, a lateral loading Fixer, platform base, hydraulic pipeline, top hydraulic pipeline, stress monitoring point, stress acquisition system, hydraulic servo control system, detachable side and test rock mass; both ends of the platform base are symmetrically fixed with lateral loading fixation The device is used to simulate the loading effect of the lateral structural stress on the formation; the lateral loading fixture is fixedly connected with the lateral fixing plate, and when the lateral loading fixture is working, the lateral fixing plate and the test rock mass are loaded in contact; the lateral loading The fixer fixes the test rock mass on the platform base through the lateral fixing plate; the test rock mass is evenly distributed with a distribution density of two per meter in the horizontal direction at the same depth. The stress distribution characteristics of the bottom plate are collected; the stress monitoring point is connected with the stress collection system, and the stress collection system automatically collects the stress and strain data of the test rock mass; the upper end of the test rock mass is fixed and installed with an unloading loading plate, and the unloading and loading plate is distributed and installed on both sides. The detachable side, the stress transmitted by the detachable side in the simulation test is the main cause of the damage to the bottom plate; there is a hydraulic servo unloading loader between the top loading body and the unloading loading plate, and the hydraulic servo unloading loader consists of a set of unloading and loading The number of unloading loaders is the same as the number of unloading loading plates, and they are firmly connected. The hydraulic servo unloading loader simulates the pressure relief effect on the bottom plate of the working face after the coal seam is mined, and also simulates the old void area on the roof of the working face After the top is taken off, the bottom plate is restored and loaded again; the main hydraulic servo loader is installed on the upper part of the top loading body, and the main hydraulic servo loader simulates the vertical ground stress through the loading pressure, and loads the total profit in the initial stage of the test. When the hydraulic servo unloading loader is depressurized, the main hydraulic servo loader remains in its original state, so that the overall pressure always exists; the main hydraulic servo loader is connected to the top hydraulic pipeline; as the power source of the whole device and the hydraulic pressure of the power control system The control servo system is respectively connected with the main hydraulic servo loader, the hydraulic servo unloading loader and the side loading fixture.
本发明对矿井工作面底板采动破坏进行模拟试验包括测试岩体的制备、矿井工作面底板采动底板破坏模拟试验测试和矿井工作面采动底板破坏机理分析三个步骤，具体工艺过程为：In the present invention, the simulation test of the mining failure of the bottom plate of the mine working face includes three steps: the preparation of the test rock mass, the simulation test of the damage of the mining floor of the mine working face floor, and the analysis of the failure mechanism of the mining floor of the mine working face. The specific process is as follows:
(1)、测试岩体的制备：测试岩体有两种，一种为在矿井工作面巷道掘进时采集到的矿井工作面底板岩石，制备时矿井工作面底板岩石的平面要满足现有技术中岩石力学试验所规定的标准；另一种为与矿井工作面底板岩石相似模拟材料制备的工作面底板，其制备材料配比以矿井工作面底板岩石力学试验参数为指导，岩石力学参数包括抗拉强度(MPa)、抗压强度(MPa)、抗剪强度(MPa)、内聚力(MPa)、内摩擦角(°)、体积模量(GPa)、剪切模量(GPa)、泊松比、尺寸(m)、密度(kg/m-3)；制备的测试岩体的长为55cm，宽为55cm，高为20cm，测试岩体采用工作面底板岩石岩样时，其平面要采用现有技术进行平整性测量；(1), the preparation of test rock mass: there are two kinds of test rock mass, one is the floor rock of the mine working face collected when tunneling in the mine working face, and the plane of the floor rock of the mine working face will meet the prior art during preparation The standard stipulated in the rock mechanics test; the other is the working face floor prepared from the simulated material similar to the rock of the mine working face floor. Tensile strength (MPa), compressive strength (MPa), shear strength (MPa), cohesion (MPa), internal friction angle (°), bulk modulus (GPa), shear modulus (GPa), Poisson's ratio , size (m), density (kg/m-3 ); the length of the prepared test rock mass is 55cm, the width is 55cm, and the height is 20cm. Have the technology to measure the flatness;
(2)、矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验测试：先通过侧向固定板和侧向加载固定器将测试岩体固定在平台底座上，同时加载侧向应力；再将主液压伺服加载器和顶部加载体下降并与测试岩体接触，加载垂直应力，加载时间为1～2天，测试岩体周围应力稳定后，调整液压伺服卸载加载器，开启液压伺服卸载加载器卸压模式，加载与卸载压力相同的垂直应力应力后开启重新加载模式，用以模拟煤层开采底板卸压和冒落带岩石压实的开采技术条件；试验进行过程中，开启应力监测系统，进行数据监测和采集；然后利用外部的现有声发射监测系统，对试验过程中的测试岩体裂隙发育进行监测；试验完成后，利用外部的现有超声波探测装置对破坏后的测试岩体进行探测，监测岩样裂隙发育深度及赋存特征；(2) Mining failure simulation test of the bottom plate of the mine working face: First, the test rock mass is fixed on the platform base through the lateral fixing plate and the lateral loading fixture, and the lateral stress is loaded at the same time; then the main hydraulic servo loader Descend with the top loading body and contact with the test rock mass, and load the vertical stress. The loading time is 1 to 2 days. After the stress around the test rock mass is stable, adjust the hydraulic servo unloading loader, turn on the pressure relief mode of the hydraulic servo unloading loader, and load After the same vertical stress as the unloading pressure, the reloading mode is started to simulate the mining technical conditions of coal seam mining floor pressure relief and rock compaction in the caving zone; during the test, the stress monitoring system is turned on for data monitoring and collection; Then use the existing external acoustic emission monitoring system to monitor the crack development of the test rock mass during the test; after the test is completed, use the external existing ultrasonic detection device to detect the damaged test rock mass and monitor the crack development of the rock sample Depth and endowment characteristics;
(3)采动底板破坏机理分析：以测试岩体的力学性质为基础，进行采动破坏数值模拟分析，计算采动底板应力分布特征，分析采动底板弹塑性分区，并与模拟试验采集的应力数据进行对比；分析采动底板破坏机理，同时对采动底板破坏深度进行研究，以解决底板薄隔水层、高承压含水层采动突水难题。(3) Analysis of the failure mechanism of the mining floor: based on the mechanical properties of the tested rock mass, the numerical simulation analysis of the mining failure is carried out, the stress distribution characteristics of the mining floor are calculated, the elastic-plastic partition of the mining floor is analyzed, and the data collected from the simulation test are compared. The stress data are compared; the failure mechanism of the mining floor is analyzed, and the damage depth of the mining floor is studied at the same time, so as to solve the problem of mining water inrush in the thin water-resisting layer and highly confined aquifer of the floor.
本发明所述数值模拟分析采用现有的FLAC-3D(ThreeDimensional Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)软件，FLAC-3D是美国Itasca Consulting Group Inc开发的三维快速拉格朗日分析程序，能较好地模拟地质材料在达到强度极限或屈服极限时发生的破坏或塑性流动的力学行为，特别适用于分析渐进破坏和失稳以及模拟大变形。The numerical simulation analysis of the present invention adopts the existing FLAC-3D (ThreeDimensional Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) software, and FLAC-3D is a three-dimensional fast Lagrangian analysis program developed by Itasca Consulting Group Inc of the United States, which can better simulate geological conditions The mechanical behavior of failure or plastic flow when the material reaches the strength limit or yield limit, especially suitable for analyzing progressive failure and instability and simulating large deformation.
本发明所述底板破坏机理是利用岩层底板采用应力分布特征、破坏特征，分析底板在采动影响下的破坏规律，即通过构建底板岩层本构模型，建立破坏强度准则，分析底板岩层应力～应变关系，得到底板破坏后的弹塑性分布区域，底板破坏的发育深度、底板破坏与开采工艺、工作面尺寸、工作面标高、推采速度、顶底板岩性等开采参数的相关性，并推导底板破坏深度的数值计算公式、简化公式。The failure mechanism of the bottom plate in the present invention is to use the stress distribution characteristics and failure characteristics of the bottom plate of the rock formation to analyze the failure law of the bottom plate under the influence of mining, that is, by constructing the constitutive model of the bottom plate rock layer, establishing the failure strength criterion, and analyzing the stress-strain of the bottom plate rock layer relationship, obtain the elastic-plastic distribution area after floor failure, the development depth of floor failure, the correlation between floor failure and mining technology, working face size, working face elevation, pushing speed, roof and floor lithology, etc., and deduce the floor Numerical calculation formula and simplified formula of damage depth.
本发明利用损伤-断裂力学理论，按照“模拟试验-数值模拟-理论分析”指导路线，分析矿井工作面底板采动裂隙发育规律，揭示目前矿井遇到的煤层底板薄隔水层高承压含水层突水机理，研究采动底板破坏机理关键技术。The invention utilizes the theory of damage-fracture mechanics and follows the guidance route of "simulation test-numerical simulation-theoretical analysis" to analyze the development law of mining cracks in the floor of the mine working face, revealing the high pressure-bearing water content of the thin water-resisting layer of the coal seam floor encountered in the current mine Mechanism of layer water inrush, key technologies for studying the failure mechanism of mining floor.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：一是按照“模拟试验-数值模拟-理论分析”指导路线，分析矿井工作面底板采动裂隙发育规律，揭示目前矿井遇到的煤层底板薄隔水层高承压含水层突水机理，研究采动底板破坏机理关键技术；二是设计严谨，动力控制系统采用液压伺服装置，裂隙发育采用声发射装置，裂隙探测采用超声波探测装置，通过综合手段，提高了对采动底板破坏裂隙发育的研究精度，煤矿底板水害防治具有普遍指导意义；其结构简单，原理科学，维护方便，监测数据准确，操作方便，对矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟，解决现有的矿井工作面采动破坏底板突水问题。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: First, according to the guiding route of "simulation test-numerical simulation-theoretical analysis", the development law of mining cracks in the floor of the mine working face is analyzed, and the thin separation of the coal seam floor encountered in the mine is revealed The mechanism of water inrush in high-water confined aquifers, and the key technologies for studying the failure mechanism of the mining floor; second, the design is rigorous, the power control system adopts hydraulic servo devices, the crack development uses acoustic emission devices, and crack detection uses ultrasonic detection devices. , which improves the research accuracy of mining floor damage and crack development, and has general guiding significance for the prevention and control of coal mine floor water hazards; it has a simple structure, scientific principles, convenient maintenance, accurate monitoring data, and convenient operation. The method solves the problem of water inrush on the floor of the existing mine working face damaged by mining.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明的主体结构原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the main structure of the present invention.
图2为本发明的主体结构三维侧视图。Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional side view of the main structure of the present invention.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below through the embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例：Example:
本实施例涉及的矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验装置包括主液压伺服加载器101、顶部加载体102、液压伺服卸载加载器103、卸载加载板104、侧向固定板105、侧向加载固定器106、平台底座107、液压管路108、顶部液压管路109、应力监测点110、应力采集系统111、液压伺服控制系统112、可拆卸侧边113和测试岩体114；平台底座107两端对称式固定制有侧向加载固定器106，用以模拟侧向构造应力对地层的加载作用；侧向加载固定器106与侧向固定板105固定连接，侧向加载固定器106工作时，侧向固定板105与测试岩体114接触加载；侧向加载固定器106通过侧向固定板105将测试岩体114固定在平台底座107上；测试岩体114同一深度水平方向以每米两个的分布密度均匀分布制有应力监测点110，应力监测点110为应力应变片式传感器，采集底板应力分布特征；应力监测点110与应力采集系统111连接，应力采集系统111自动采集测试岩体114的应力应变数据；测试岩体114的上端固定安装制有卸载加载板104，卸载加载板104两侧分布安装制有可拆卸侧边113，可拆卸侧边113在模拟试验中传递的应力是破坏底板的主要原因；顶部加载体102和卸载加载板104之间设有液压伺服卸载加载器103，液压伺服卸载加载器103由一组卸载加载器组成，卸载加载器的数量与卸载加载板104的数量一致，并牢固连接，液压伺服卸载加载器103模拟工作面煤层采出后对工作面底板的卸压作用，也模拟工作面顶板老空区内直接顶冒落后重新对底板进行恢复加载作用；顶部加载体102上部安装制有主液压伺服加载器101，主液压伺服加载器101通过加载压力模拟垂直地应力，对试验初始阶段的总盈利加载，在工作面采动液压伺服卸载加载器103卸压时，主液压伺服加载器101仍保持原来状态，使总体压力一直存在；主液压伺服加载器101与顶部液压管路109连通；作为整个装置动力源和动力控制系统的液压控制伺服系统112分别与主液压伺服加载器101、液压伺服卸载加载器103和侧向加载固定器106连接。The mining failure simulation test device for the bottom plate of the mine working face involved in this embodiment includes a main hydraulic servo loader 101, a top loading body 102, a hydraulic servo unloading loader 103, an unloading loading plate 104, a lateral fixing plate 105, and a lateral loading and fixing plate. device 106, platform base 107, hydraulic pipeline 108, top hydraulic pipeline 109, stress monitoring point 110, stress acquisition system 111, hydraulic servo control system 112, detachable side 113 and test rock mass 114; both ends of platform base 107 Symmetrical fixation is equipped with a lateral loading fixture 106 for simulating the loading effect of lateral structural stress on the formation; To fixed plate 105 and test rock mass 114 contact loading; Lateral load fixture 106 is fixed on the platform base 107 by lateral fixed plate 105 test rock mass 114; The distribution density is uniformly distributed with stress monitoring points 110. The stress monitoring points 110 are stress-strain gauge sensors to collect the stress distribution characteristics of the floor; Stress-strain data; the upper end of the test rock mass 114 is fixedly installed with an unloading loading plate 104, and the unloading loading plate 104 is distributed and installed on both sides with a detachable side 113, and the stress transmitted by the detachable side 113 in the simulation test is to destroy the bottom plate The main reason; the hydraulic servo unloading loader 103 is provided between the top loading body 102 and the unloading loading plate 104, the hydraulic servo unloading loader 103 is made up of a group of unloading loaders, the quantity of the unloading loader and the quantity of the unloading loading plate 104 Consistent and firmly connected, the hydraulic servo unloading loader 103 simulates the pressure relief effect on the bottom plate of the working face after the coal seam is mined, and also simulates the reloading effect on the bottom plate after the roof caving in the old empty area of the working face; the top The main hydraulic servo loader 101 is installed on the upper part of the loading body 102. The main hydraulic servo loader 101 simulates the vertical ground stress through the loading pressure, loads the total profit in the initial stage of the test, and adopts the hydraulic servo unloading loader 103 to relieve the pressure on the working face. , the main hydraulic servo loader 101 still maintains the original state, so that the overall pressure always exists; the main hydraulic servo loader 101 communicates with the top hydraulic pipeline 109; the hydraulic control servo system 112 as the power source of the whole device and the power control system is connected with The main hydraulic servo loader 101, the hydraulic servo unloading loader 103 and the side loading fixture 106 are connected.
本发明采用矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验装置对矿井工作面底板采动破坏进行模拟试验，包括测试岩体114的制备、矿井工作面底板采动底板破坏模拟试验测试和矿井工作面采动底板破坏机理分析三个步骤，具体工艺过程为：The present invention adopts the mining damage simulation test device of the bottom plate of the mine working face to carry out the simulation test of the mining damage of the bottom plate of the mine working face, including the preparation of the test rock mass 114, the simulation test of the mining damage of the bottom plate of the mine working face and the mining of the mine working face There are three steps in the analysis of the failure mechanism of the bottom plate, and the specific process is as follows:
(1)、测试岩体114的制备：测试岩体114有两种，一种为在矿井工作面巷道掘进时采集到的矿井工作面底板岩石，制备时矿井工作面底板岩石的平面要满足现有技术中岩石力学试验所规定的标准；另一种为与矿井工作面底板岩石相似模拟材料制备的工作面底板，其制备材料配比以矿井工作面底板岩石力学试验参数为指导，岩石力学参数包括抗拉强度(MPa)、抗压强度(MPa)、抗剪强度(MPa)、内聚力(MPa)、内摩擦角(°)、体积模量(GPa)、剪切模量(GPa)、泊松比、尺寸(m)、密度(kg/m-3)；制备的测试岩体114的长为55cm，宽为55cm，高为20cm，测试岩体114采用工作面底板岩石岩样时，其平面要采用现有技术进行进行平整性测量；(1), the preparation of test rock mass 114: test rock mass 114 has two kinds, and a kind of is the mine working face floor rock that gathers when mine working face roadway excavation, and the plane of mine working face floor rock will meet the present situation during preparation. There are standards stipulated in the rock mechanics test in the technology; the other is the working face floor prepared from the simulated material similar to the rock of the mine working face floor, and the ratio of the preparation materials is guided by the rock mechanics test parameters of the mine working face floor. Including tensile strength (MPa), compressive strength (MPa), shear strength (MPa), cohesion (MPa), internal friction angle (°), bulk modulus (GPa), shear modulus (GPa), poise Loose ratio, size (m), density (kg/m−3 ); the length of the prepared test rock mass 114 is 55cm, the width is 55cm, and the height is 20cm. When the test rock mass 114 adopts the floor rock sample of the working face, its The flatness of the plane shall be measured using the existing technology;
(2)、矿井工作面底板采动破坏模拟试验测试：先通过侧向固定板105和侧向加载固定器106将测试岩体114固定在平台底座107上，同时加载侧向应力；再将主液压伺服加载器101和顶部加载体102下降并与测试岩体114接触，加载垂向应力，加载时间为1～2天，测试岩体周围应力稳定后，调整液压伺服卸载加载器103，开启液压伺服卸载加载器103卸压模式，加载与卸载应力相同的垂直应力后开启重新加载模式，用以模拟煤层开采底板卸压和冒落带岩石压实的开采技术条件；试验进行过程中，开启应力监测系统111，进行数据监测和采集；然后利用外部的现有声发射监测系统，对试验过程中的测试岩体114裂隙发育进行监测；试验完成后，利用外部的现有超声波探测装置对破坏后的测试岩体114进行探测，监测岩样裂隙发育深度及赋存特征；(2), mine working face bottom plate mining failure simulation test: first by the lateral fixed plate 105 and the lateral loading fixture 106, the test rock mass 114 is fixed on the platform base 107, and the lateral stress is loaded simultaneously; The hydraulic servo loader 101 and the top loading body 102 descend and contact the test rock mass 114 to load the vertical stress. The loading time is 1-2 days. After the stress around the test rock mass is stable, adjust the hydraulic servo unloading loader 103 and turn on the hydraulic pressure. Servo unloading loader 103 pressure relief mode, load the same vertical stress as the unloading stress and then start the reloading mode, to simulate the mining technical conditions of coal seam mining floor pressure relief and rock compaction in the caving zone; during the test, open the stress The monitoring system 111 is used for data monitoring and collection; then, the external existing acoustic emission monitoring system is used to monitor the crack development of the test rock mass 114 during the test; after the test is completed, the existing external ultrasonic detection device is used to detect the damaged Test the rock mass 114 for detection, and monitor the development depth and occurrence characteristics of rock sample fissures;
(3)采动底板破坏机理分析：以测试岩体114的力学性质为基础，进行采动破坏数值模拟试验，计算采动底板应力分布特征，分析采动底板弹塑性分区，并与模拟试验采集的应力数据进行对比；分析采动底板破坏机理，同时对采动底板破坏深度进行研究，以解决底板薄隔水层、高承压含水层采动突水难题。(3) Analysis of the failure mechanism of the mining floor: Based on testing the mechanical properties of the rock mass 114, a numerical simulation test of the mining failure is carried out to calculate the stress distribution characteristics of the mining floor, analyze the elastic-plastic partition of the mining floor, and collect data from the simulation test. The stress data of the mining floor are compared; the mechanism of the mining floor failure is analyzed, and the depth of the mining floor damage is studied at the same time, so as to solve the problem of mining water inrush in thin water-resisting layers and highly confined aquifers of the floor.
本实施例所述数值模拟分析采用现有的FLAC-3D(ThreeDimensional Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)软件，FLAC-3D是美国Itasca Consulting Group Inc开发的三维快速拉格朗日分析程序，能较好地模拟地质材料在达到强度极限或屈服极限时发生的破坏或塑性流动的力学行为，特别适用于分析渐进破坏和失稳以及模拟大变形；根据井田内钻孔资料(钻孔揭露地层厚度、岩性、标高、抽水试验资料等)，并结合岩石力学试验资料，采用其岩石力学参数；数值模拟模型的建立需要确定开采煤层、周围覆岩的标高、抗拉强度(MPa)、抗剪强度(MPa)、内聚力(MPa)、内摩擦角(°)、体积模量(GPa)、剪切模量(GPa)、泊松比、尺寸(m)、密度(kg/m-3)，具体建模过程为：水平取400m，垂直取150m，由于是模拟下组煤层，加自重260m，工作面推进速度为8m/天，根据模拟结果进行分析，随着工作面的推进，底板有以下变化规律：The numerical simulation analysis described in this embodiment adopts existing FLAC-3D (ThreeDimensional Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) software, and FLAC-3D is the three-dimensional fast Lagrangian analysis program that U.S. Itasca Consulting Group Inc develops, can simulate preferably The failure or plastic flow mechanical behavior of geological materials when reaching the strength limit or yield limit is especially suitable for analyzing progressive failure and instability and simulating large deformation; Elevation, pumping test data, etc.), and combined with rock mechanics test data, use the rock mechanics parameters; the establishment of the numerical simulation model needs to determine the elevation, tensile strength (MPa) and shear strength (MPa) of the mining coal seam and surrounding rock , cohesion (MPa), internal friction angle (°), bulk modulus (GPa), shear modulus (GPa), Poisson's ratio, size (m), density (kg/m-3 ), specific modeling process It is: take 400m horizontally and 150m vertically. Since it is simulating the lower group of coal seams, the self-weight is 260m, and the advancing speed of the working face is 8m/day. According to the analysis of the simulation results, with the advancing of the working face, the bottom plate has the following changes:
(1)当工作面推进20m时，底板开始受到扰动，出现拉应力破坏，主要为拉剪力破坏，底板破坏深度为6m。由于支撑压力作用煤壁两端开始出现应力集中，最容易发生破坏，最大主应力值为-8MPa，形态为拱形，应力值由切眼处向外增大，说明越靠近工作面，岩层受压状态越明显；(1) When the working face advances 20m, the bottom plate begins to be disturbed, and tensile stress failure occurs, mainly due to tensile shear failure, and the depth of the bottom plate failure is 6m. Due to the support pressure, stress concentration begins to appear at both ends of the coal wall, and damage is most likely to occur. The maximum principal stress value is -8MPa, and the shape is arched. The stress value increases from the cut hole outward, indicating that the closer to the working face, the rock formation The pressure state is more obvious;
(2)工作面开采至60m时，底板岩层最大主应力影响范围扩大，但其形态没有改变，主应力值最大为-8.8MPa，底板破坏主要为剪切破坏，底板破坏深度为20m。(2) When the working face is mined to 60m, the influence range of the maximum principal stress of the floor strata expands, but its shape does not change, the maximum principal stress value is -8.8MPa, the floor failure is mainly shear failure, and the floor failure depth is 20m.
(3)工作面开采至100m时，底板最大主应力继续向岩层深部发展，最大主应力内部平缓，主应力最大值为-8.1MPa，应力影响范围随工作面推进向前扩展；主要出现剪切破坏，底板破坏深度30m，其原因是随工作面推进，煤层底板前方处于支承压力的作用受到压缩。工作面推过后，应力释放，底板处于膨胀状态；在工作面不断推进的过程中，底板始终处于压缩—膨胀—再压缩的状态，因此在压缩与膨胀变形的过渡区，底板最易出现剪切塑变而发生破坏。(3) When the working face is mined to 100m, the maximum principal stress of the floor continues to develop toward the deep part of the rock formation, the maximum principal stress is gentle inside, and the maximum value of the principal stress is -8.1MPa. The range of stress influence expands forward with the advancement of the working face; mainly shear Destruction, the floor damage depth is 30m, the reason is that with the advancement of the working face, the front of the coal seam floor is under the bearing pressure and is compressed. After the working face is pushed, the stress is released, and the bottom plate is in an expanded state; during the continuous advancement of the working face, the bottom plate is always in a state of compression-expansion-recompression, so in the transition zone between compression and expansion deformation, the bottom plate is most prone to shear Destruction due to plastic deformation.
(4)煤层采动后，切眼附近应力集中，容易发生变形产生裂隙，因此在切眼处与煤壁前方底板的采动裂隙比较发育，容易形成突水点。(4) After the coal seam is mined, the stress is concentrated near the cut hole, which is prone to deformation and cracks. Therefore, the mining cracks at the cut hole and the floor in front of the coal wall are relatively developed, and water inrush points are easy to form.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410529007.2ACN104266913B (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2014-10-10 | Mining failure simulation test device for mine working face floor |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410529007.2ACN104266913B (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2014-10-10 | Mining failure simulation test device for mine working face floor |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104266913Atrue CN104266913A (en) | 2015-01-07 |
| CN104266913B CN104266913B (en) | 2017-02-08 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410529007.2AExpired - Fee RelatedCN104266913B (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2014-10-10 | Mining failure simulation test device for mine working face floor |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104266913B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104833775A (en)* | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-12 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Three-dimensional model testing apparatus capable of simulating water outburst and mud outburst geological disasters |
| CN105548506A (en)* | 2016-02-04 | 2016-05-04 | 河南理工大学 | Simulation testing device for testing system for simulating water inrush at coal seam floor under treading influence |
| CN105738216A (en)* | 2016-03-14 | 2016-07-06 | 山东大学 | Model test system and method for tunnel water inrush under high ground stress and high seepage pressure |
| CN106442115A (en)* | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Rock joint ultrasonic experimental apparatus under complex stress and control system thereof |
| CN106596248A (en)* | 2016-12-26 | 2017-04-26 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for determining widths of partition coal pillars at slope based on creep test of coal sample |
| CN107340229A (en)* | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-10 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of experimental provision and method for testing coal and rock dynamics |
| CN107817317A (en)* | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-20 | 四川大学 | One kind is by mining influence coal seam bottom water bursting simulation experiment system |
| CN109269899A (en)* | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-25 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of goaf top plate fracture simulation test device |
| CN110220794A (en)* | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-10 | 太原理工大学 | Hollow cylinder rock failure mechanism of rock experimental rig and method under high pore pressure fast pressure relief |
| WO2019205189A1 (en)* | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-31 | 东北大学 | Test apparatus and method for key roof block collapse in bidirectional static-dynamic loading |
| CN110702062A (en)* | 2019-09-06 | 2020-01-17 | 山东科技大学 | Plane Movement Deformation Measurement System and Its Application in 2D Similarity Simulation Experiment |
| CN112364513A (en)* | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-12 | 重庆大学 | Method for defining coal bed gas reservoir range of coal mining stable area |
| CN114486563A (en)* | 2022-01-04 | 2022-05-13 | 重庆大学 | A simulation experiment method for shear failure of surface wells in mining area |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110793672B (en)* | 2019-11-13 | 2021-08-03 | 晋能控股煤业集团有限公司 | Fully mechanized caving mining device for extra-thick coal seam based on floor deformation monitoring system |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5677494A (en)* | 1996-03-05 | 1997-10-14 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Method for high strain-rate testing of specimens |
| CN101062182A (en)* | 2007-05-30 | 2007-10-31 | 方阳 | Medicine made from root of dahuriae angelica, atractylodes and so on for treating snakebite |
| CN103018105A (en)* | 2012-12-10 | 2013-04-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Simulation experiment platform of compacting system of solid-filling coal mining solid material |
| CN103018106A (en)* | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Experimental platform capable of simulating confined water load and baseboard breakage relation in controllable manner |
| CN203365427U (en)* | 2013-06-07 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽建筑大学 | Visual analog simulation experiment table |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5677494A (en)* | 1996-03-05 | 1997-10-14 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Method for high strain-rate testing of specimens |
| CN101062182A (en)* | 2007-05-30 | 2007-10-31 | 方阳 | Medicine made from root of dahuriae angelica, atractylodes and so on for treating snakebite |
| CN103018106A (en)* | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Experimental platform capable of simulating confined water load and baseboard breakage relation in controllable manner |
| CN103018105A (en)* | 2012-12-10 | 2013-04-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Simulation experiment platform of compacting system of solid-filling coal mining solid material |
| CN203365427U (en)* | 2013-06-07 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽建筑大学 | Visual analog simulation experiment table |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104833775A (en)* | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-12 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Three-dimensional model testing apparatus capable of simulating water outburst and mud outburst geological disasters |
| CN105548506A (en)* | 2016-02-04 | 2016-05-04 | 河南理工大学 | Simulation testing device for testing system for simulating water inrush at coal seam floor under treading influence |
| CN105548506B (en)* | 2016-02-04 | 2017-07-14 | 河南理工大学 | Simulate the simulation test device by mining influence coal seam bottom water bursting pilot system |
| CN105738216B (en)* | 2016-03-14 | 2019-02-05 | 山东大学 | Model test system and method for tunnel water inrush under high ground stress and high osmotic pressure |
| CN105738216A (en)* | 2016-03-14 | 2016-07-06 | 山东大学 | Model test system and method for tunnel water inrush under high ground stress and high seepage pressure |
| CN106442115A (en)* | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Rock joint ultrasonic experimental apparatus under complex stress and control system thereof |
| CN106442115B (en)* | 2016-09-18 | 2024-02-13 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Ultrasonic experimental device for rock joint under complex stress and control system thereof |
| CN106596248B (en)* | 2016-12-26 | 2019-07-30 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of side slope isolated coal pillar width based on coal sample creep test determines method |
| CN106596248A (en)* | 2016-12-26 | 2017-04-26 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for determining widths of partition coal pillars at slope based on creep test of coal sample |
| CN107340229A (en)* | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-10 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of experimental provision and method for testing coal and rock dynamics |
| CN107817317A (en)* | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-20 | 四川大学 | One kind is by mining influence coal seam bottom water bursting simulation experiment system |
| WO2019205189A1 (en)* | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-31 | 东北大学 | Test apparatus and method for key roof block collapse in bidirectional static-dynamic loading |
| CN109269899A (en)* | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-25 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of goaf top plate fracture simulation test device |
| CN110220794A (en)* | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-10 | 太原理工大学 | Hollow cylinder rock failure mechanism of rock experimental rig and method under high pore pressure fast pressure relief |
| CN110220794B (en)* | 2019-05-30 | 2024-01-30 | 太原理工大学 | Hollow cylindrical rock damage test device and method under high pore pressure rapid pressure relief |
| CN110702062A (en)* | 2019-09-06 | 2020-01-17 | 山东科技大学 | Plane Movement Deformation Measurement System and Its Application in 2D Similarity Simulation Experiment |
| CN110702062B (en)* | 2019-09-06 | 2020-11-17 | 山东科技大学 | Plane movement deformation measurement system and application thereof in two-dimensional analog simulation experiment |
| CN112364513A (en)* | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-12 | 重庆大学 | Method for defining coal bed gas reservoir range of coal mining stable area |
| CN114486563A (en)* | 2022-01-04 | 2022-05-13 | 重庆大学 | A simulation experiment method for shear failure of surface wells in mining area |
| CN114486563B (en)* | 2022-01-04 | 2023-08-22 | 重庆大学 | Mining area ground well shearing damage simulation experiment method |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104266913B (en) | 2017-02-08 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104237024B (en) | A kind of mine working face base plate Mining failure simulation experiment method | |
| CN104266913B (en) | Mining failure simulation test device for mine working face floor | |
| Lin et al. | Experimental study on failure behaviour of deep tunnels under high in-situ stresses | |
| CN104237025B (en) | A kind of closing boring Mining failure simulation experiment method | |
| Zhao et al. | Mechanism analysis and control technology of surrounding rock failure in deep soft rock roadway | |
| Lu et al. | Three-dimensional physical model experiment of mining-induced deformation and failure characteristics of roof and floor in deep underground coal seams | |
| Li et al. | Stability analysis and failure mechanism of the steeply inclined bedded rock masses surrounding a large underground opening | |
| Li et al. | In situ monitoring of rockburst nucleation and evolution in the deeply buried tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station | |
| Dai et al. | Deformation forecasting and stability analysis of large-scale underground powerhouse caverns from microseismic monitoring | |
| Li et al. | Stability assessment of the left bank slope of the Baihetan Hydropower Station, Southwest China | |
| Zhao et al. | Microseismicity monitoring and failure mechanism analysis of rock masses with weak interlayer zone in underground intersecting chambers: A case study from the Baihetan Hydropower Station, China | |
| Wang et al. | Assessment of excavation damaged zone around roadways under dynamic pressure induced by an active mining process | |
| Li et al. | Dynamic analysis of rock mass deformation in large underground caverns considering microseismic data | |
| Song et al. | Influence of tunnel excavation on the stability of a bedded rock slope: A case study on the mountainous area in southern Anhui, China | |
| Fan et al. | Damage zones induced by in situ stress unloading during excavation of diversion tunnels for the Jinping II hydropower project | |
| Zhao et al. | Distribution characteristics of floor pore water pressure based on similarity simulation experiments | |
| Cai et al. | Advance of in-situ stress measurement in China | |
| CN110374636A (en) | A kind of construction method of tunnel rock burst security protection | |
| CN104215748A (en) | Comprehensive quantitative determination method for grouting reinforcement effect of underground engineering crushed surrounding rocks | |
| Zhou et al. | A 3D model of coupled hydro-mechanical simulation of double shield TBM excavation | |
| CN107725006B (en) | Coal seam drilling gas extraction simulation test device and method | |
| CN104237486B (en) | A kind of closing boring Mining failure simulation test device | |
| Chai et al. | Experimental study on distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring for ground surface deformation in extra-thick coal seam mining under ultra-thick conglomerate | |
| CN108894779B (en) | Coal gas extraction borehole instability discrimination test device and method | |
| Fan et al. | Distribution characteristic of mining-induced horizontal fracture in longwall panel: Field investigation and prediction model |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | Effective date of registration:20161018 Address after:266590 Qingdao economic and Technological Development Zone, Shandong, former Bay Road, No. 579 Applicant after:Shandong Univ. of Science & Technology Applicant after:Xi'an University of Science and Technology Address before:266590 Qingdao economic and Technological Development Zone, Shandong, former Bay Road, No. 579 Applicant before:Shandong Univ. of Science & Technology | |
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20170208 Termination date:20171010 |