技术领域technical field
本发明涉及内容分发领域，尤其涉及一种基于码流自适应技术的内容分发方法、装置及系统。The present invention relates to the field of content distribution, in particular to a content distribution method, device and system based on code stream adaptive technology.
背景技术Background technique
随着移动终端的广泛应用，通过移动终端播放视频的需求大幅增长，码流自适应(HTTP Adaptive Streaming，HAS)技术也应运而生。HAS技术融合了传统实时流传输协议(Real Time Streaming Protocol，RTSP)/实时传输协议(Real-time TransportProtocol，RTP)流媒体技术以及基于超文本传输协议(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol，HTTP)渐进式下载技术的优点，具有高效、可扩展以及兼容性强等特点。With the wide application of mobile terminals, the demand for playing videos through mobile terminals has increased significantly, and a stream adaptive (HTTP Adaptive Streaming, HAS) technology has also emerged as the times require. HAS technology combines traditional Real Time Streaming Protocol (Real Time Streaming Protocol, RTSP) / Real-time Transport Protocol (Real-time Transport Protocol, RTP) streaming media technology and progressive downloading technology based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, HTTP) It has the advantages of high efficiency, scalability and strong compatibility.
HAS技术的总体思路是将视频内容转码成为多个码率的内容，然后将每个码率的内容进行切割分片，每个分片的时长一致，大约2-10秒钟。使用播放列表描述文件描述内容支持的码率以及各码率内容的播放列表。发布好的内容目录包括三部分：The general idea of the HAS technology is to transcode the video content into content of multiple bit rates, and then divide the content of each bit rate into slices. The duration of each slice is the same, about 2-10 seconds. Use the playlist description file to describe the bitrate supported by the content and the playlist of each bitrate content. The published content catalog includes three parts:
一、媒体文件：包括多个码率的内容分片文件；1. Media files: content fragment files including multiple bitrates;
二、各码率内容的播放列表描述文件：定义某特定码率内容的媒体文件分片列表；2. The playlist description file of each bit rate content: defines the media file fragmentation list of a specific bit rate content;
三、主播放列表描述文件：定义该内容支持的码率、各码率内容对应的播放列表描述文件名，及音轨，字幕等信息。3. Main playlist description file: define the bit rate supported by the content, the name of the playlist description file corresponding to each bit rate content, and information such as audio tracks and subtitles.
客户端在进行内容播放时，首先下载主播放列表描述文件，从中获取该内容支持的码率、各码率内容的播放列表描述文件名等信息，然后根据各码率内容的播放列表描述文件名下载首个码率播放列表描述文件，客户端根据 该首个码率播放列表描述文件从媒体服务器请求内容分片进行播放。在内容的播放过程中，客户端同时还下载其他码率内容的播放列表描述文件，并实时根据内容分片的下载速度检测网络下载带宽，然后根据网络状态动态向媒体服务器请求不同码率的内容分片。When playing content, the client first downloads the main playlist description file, obtains information such as the bit rate supported by the content, the playlist description file name of each bit rate content, and then according to the playlist description file name of each bit rate content Download the first bitrate playlist description file, and the client requests content fragments from the media server to play according to the first bitrate playlist description file. During the playback of content, the client also downloads playlist description files of other bit rate content, and detects the network download bandwidth in real time according to the download speed of content fragments, and then dynamically requests content with different bit rates from the media server according to the network status Fragmentation.
发明人在应用HAS技术中发现，由于客户端在播放首个码率内容分片之前，需要先后下载主播放列表描述文件和首个码率内容的播放列表描述文件，导致内容播放缓冲时间较长，用户体验不佳。In the application of HAS technology, the inventor found that the client needs to download the main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the first bit rate content before playing the first bit rate content segment, resulting in a long buffering time for content playback , poor user experience.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，实有必要提供一种能够减少内容播放缓冲时间，提高用户体验的基于码率自适应技术的内容分发方法。In view of this, it is really necessary to provide a content distribution method based on bit rate adaptive technology that can reduce content playback buffering time and improve user experience.
第一方面，提供一种基于码流自适应技术的内容分发方法，包括：向流媒体服务器发送播放列表描述文件获取请求，所述获取请求包括用于指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识；接收所述流媒体服务器根据所述压缩标识返回的包括最低码率内容播放列表描述文件的第一压缩文件；解压所述第一压缩文件获取所述最低码率内容播放列表描述文件；基于所述最低码率内容播放列表描述文件从所述流媒体服务器获取内容分片。In the first aspect, a content distribution method based on code stream adaptive technology is provided, including: sending a playlist description file acquisition request to a streaming media server, where the acquisition request includes a compression identifier for indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission; Receiving the first compressed file including the lowest bit rate content playlist description file returned by the streaming server according to the compression identifier; decompressing the first compressed file to obtain the lowest bit rate content playlist description file; based on the The minimum bit rate content playlist description file obtains content fragments from the streaming media server.
依据第一方面的第一实施方式中，所述基于最低码率内容播放列表描述文件从所述流媒体服务器获取内容分片包括：解析所述最低码率内容播放列表描述文件获取最低码率内容播放列表；根据所述最低码率内容播放列表从所述流媒体服务器获取最低码率内容分片。According to the first implementation of the first aspect, the acquisition of content fragments from the streaming media server based on the lowest bit rate content playlist description file includes: parsing the lowest bit rate content playlist description file to obtain the lowest bit rate content Playlist: obtain the lowest bitrate content fragments from the streaming media server according to the lowest bitrate content playlist.
第二方面，提供一种支持HAS技术的客户端，包括：发送单元，用于向流媒体服务器发送播放列表描述文件获取请求，所述获取请求包括用于指示所述客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识；接收单元，用于接收所述流媒体服务器根据所述压缩标识返回的包括最低码率内容播放列表描述文件的第一压缩文件；处理单元，用于解压所述第一压缩文件获取最低码率内容播放列表描述文件；所述发送单元，还用于根据所述最低码率内容播放列表描述文件向所述流媒体 服务器发送内容分片获取请求；所述接收单元，还用于接收所述流媒体服务器返回的所述内容分片。In a second aspect, a client supporting HAS technology is provided, including: a sending unit, configured to send a playlist description file acquisition request to a streaming media server, where the acquisition request includes information indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission Compression identification; receiving unit, used to receive the first compressed file that includes the lowest bit rate content playlist description file returned by the streaming media server according to the compression identification; processing unit, used to decompress the first compressed file to obtain the lowest The code rate content playlist description file; the sending unit is also used to send a content segment acquisition request to the streaming media server according to the lowest code rate content playlist description file; the receiving unit is also used to receive the The content fragments returned by the streaming media server.
依据第二方面的第一实施方式中，所述根据最低码率内容播放列表描述文件向所述流媒体服务器发送内容分片获取请求，包括：所述处理单元解析所述最低码率内容播放列表描述文件，获得最低码率内容播放列表；所述发送单元根据所述最低内容播放列表向所述媒体服务器发送最低码率内容分片获取请求。In the first implementation manner according to the second aspect, the sending a content segment acquisition request to the streaming server according to the lowest bit rate content playlist description file includes: the processing unit parsing the lowest bit rate content playlist Describe the file, and obtain the lowest bit rate content playlist; the sending unit sends the lowest bit rate content segment acquisition request to the media server according to the lowest bit rate content playlist.
第三方面，提供一种支持HAS的流媒体服务器，包括：接收单元，用于接收客户端发送的播放列表描述文件获取请求，所述获取请求包括用于指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识；处理单元，用于根据所述压缩标识判断所述客户端支持压缩传输；发送单元，用于根据所述处理单元的判断结果，向所述客户端发送包括最低码率内容播放列表描述文件的第一压缩文件。In a third aspect, a streaming media server supporting HAS is provided, including: a receiving unit, configured to receive a playlist description file acquisition request sent by a client, where the acquisition request includes a compression identifier indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission A processing unit, configured to judge that the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identifier; a sending unit, configured to send, to the client, a description file that includes the lowest code rate content playlist description file according to the judgment result of the processing unit First compress the file.
依据第三方面的第一实施方式中，所述发送单元发送的第一压缩文件还包括主播放列表描述文件。In a first implementation manner according to the third aspect, the first compressed file sent by the sending unit further includes a main playlist description file.
本发明实施例的基于HAS的内容分发方法，由于流媒体服务器根据压缩标识判断客户端支持压缩传输时，将包括主播放列表描述文件和最低码率媒体文件的播放列表描述文件的压缩文件发送给客户端，减少了内容缓冲阶段客户端与流媒体服务器的交互次数，提高了下载速度，同时压缩的播放列表描述文件减少客户端缓冲时下载的数据量，进一步提高了下载速度，减少缓冲时间，提高用户体验。In the content distribution method based on HAS in the embodiment of the present invention, when the streaming media server judges that the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identifier, the compressed file of the playlist description file comprising the main playlist description file and the lowest code rate media file is sent to For the client, the number of interactions between the client and the streaming media server during the content buffering stage is reduced, and the download speed is improved. At the same time, the compressed playlist description file reduces the amount of data downloaded when the client buffers, further improves the download speed, and reduces the buffering time. Improve user experience.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一实施例的应用场景架构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明一实施例的内容分发方法示意流程图；Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a content distribution method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明另一实施例的内容分发方法示意流程图；FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a content distribution method according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明一实施例的客户端示意结构图；FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a client terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明一实施例的流媒体服务器示意结构图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a streaming media server according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明另一实施例的用户终端示意结构图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a user terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention
图1是依据本发明一实施例的的应用场景架构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体的，如图1所示，基于HAS技术的流媒体系统包括：流媒体管理系统101，内容分发系统102和客户端103。流媒体管理系统101负责将输入的媒体流进行数字编码、封装、发布。内容分发系统102由多个标准的Web服务器1021(也称流媒体服务器)组成，负责接受客户端的请求并将客户端请求的内容发送到客户端。需要注意的是，对于大规模部署流媒体系统，边缘网络或者其他内容分发网络可能会被使用。客户端103用于从内容分发系统102获取内容，并将内容重新组装，以连续的媒体流形式展现给用户。Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 , the streaming media system based on the HAS technology includes: a streaming media management system 101 , a content distribution system 102 and a client 103 . The streaming media management system 101 is responsible for digitally encoding, packaging, and publishing the input media streams. The content distribution system 102 is composed of multiple standard Web servers 1021 (also called streaming media servers), responsible for accepting requests from clients and sending the requested contents to the clients. It should be noted that for large-scale deployment of streaming media systems, edge networks or other content distribution networks may be used. The client 103 is used to acquire content from the content distribution system 102, reassemble the content, and present the content to the user in the form of continuous media stream.
其中，流媒体管理系统101至少包括一个媒体编码器1011和一个媒体流分段器1012，媒体编码器1011用于从音频或者视频源设备接收音视频，进行编码和封装。编码格式应该是客户端设备支持的编码集合之一，例如视频的H.264和音频的HE-AAC格式。封装格式可是包含音频和视频的MPEG-2传输(Transport Steaming，TS)流，或者只有音频的MPEG基本流。此外，媒体编码器1011可以将同一视频内容转码并封装成多个码率的媒体流，以便于客户端根据网络状态动态选择不同码率的内容。Wherein, the streaming media management system 101 includes at least one media encoder 1011 and a media stream segmenter 1012. The media encoder 1011 is used to receive audio and video from audio or video source devices, and perform encoding and packaging. The encoding format should be one of the set of encodings supported by the client device, such as H.264 for video and HE-AAC for audio. The encapsulation format may be an MPEG-2 transport (Transport Steaming, TS) stream including audio and video, or an MPEG elementary stream with only audio. In addition, the media encoder 1011 can transcode and encapsulate the same video content into multiple bit rate media streams, so that the client can dynamically select content with different bit rates according to the network status.
媒体编码器1011将封装好的媒体流发布到媒体流分段器1012。媒体流分段器1012从媒体编码器1011读入媒体流并将它切分成一系列时间的媒体文件分片，每段媒体文件分片的时长相同，大约2-10秒。媒体流分段器1012同时会创建一个包含各媒体文件引用信息的索引文件，索引文件被用来确认媒体文件分片的位置。需要注意的是，在本申请中索引文件也称为播放列表描述文件，包括各码率内容的播放列表描述文件，定义某特定码率内容的媒体文件分片列 表；主播放列表描述文件，定义各码率内容对应的播放列表描述文件名，及音轨，字幕等信息。The media encoder 1011 publishes the encapsulated media stream to the media stream segmenter 1012 . The media stream segmenter 1012 reads the media stream from the media encoder 1011 and divides it into a series of timed media file segments, each of which has the same duration, about 2-10 seconds. The media stream segmenter 1012 will also create an index file containing the reference information of each media file, and the index file is used to confirm the location of the media file segments. It should be noted that in this application, the index file is also called a playlist description file, including playlist description files of each bit rate content, defining a list of media file fragments for a specific bit rate content; the main playlist description file, defining The name of the playlist description file corresponding to each bit rate content, and information such as audio tracks and subtitles.
内容分发系统102可以是一个Web服务器或者Web缓存系统，基于HTTP协议发布媒体文件和索引文件。The content distribution system 102 may be a Web server or a Web cache system, and publishes media files and index files based on the HTTP protocol.
客户端103可以是内嵌有支持HTTP协议的播放器的智能终端，如智能手机、平板电脑或者计算机等，或者客户端为支持HAS技术的播放器。可用于获取索引文件，根据索引文件选择媒体流，对于选定的媒体流，客户端103按顺序下载每个可用的媒体文件分片，一旦足够的数据下载完毕，客户端103开始向用户播放重新组合的媒体流。The client 103 may be an intelligent terminal embedded with a player supporting the HTTP protocol, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, or a computer, or the client may be a player supporting the HAS technology. It can be used to obtain the index file, and select the media stream according to the index file. For the selected media stream, the client 103 downloads each available media file segment in order. Once enough data has been downloaded, the client 103 starts to play a new video to the user. Combined media streams.
图2是依据本发明一实施例的内容分发方法示意流程图，该方法可以由图1所示流媒体系统来执行。FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a content distribution method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the method can be executed by the streaming media system shown in FIG. 1 .
如图2所示，内容分发方法包括：As shown in Figure 2, content distribution methods include:
201、客户端向流媒体服务器发送播放列表描述文件获取请求，所述获取请求包括用于指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识。201. The client sends a playlist description file acquisition request to the streaming media server, where the acquisition request includes a compression identifier for indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission.
具体的，客户端向流媒体服务器，即图1中的内容分发系统中的WEB服务器，发送HTTP GET消息，用于请求获取播放列表描述文件，同时，该HTTP GET消息携带用于指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识。可选的，可以通过对HTTP GET消息头域增加参数的方式携带压缩标识，例如：C＝0表示客户端不支持压缩传输，C＝1表示客户端支持压缩传输。可选的，还可以携带支持的压缩格式，如gzip等。如果客户端不支持压缩传输，则返回原始的未压缩的播放列表描述文件，处理流程与现有技术相同。本实施例中，客户端可以是支持HAS技术的播放器，客户端支持压缩传输，表示播放器支持对压缩过的内容进行解压，获取原始内容。Specifically, the client sends an HTTP GET message to the streaming media server, that is, the WEB server in the content distribution system in FIG. Compressed flags that support compressed transfers. Optionally, the compression identifier can be carried by adding a parameter to the header field of the HTTP GET message, for example: C=0 indicates that the client does not support compressed transmission, and C=1 indicates that the client supports compressed transmission. Optionally, supported compression formats, such as gzip, can also be carried. If the client does not support compressed transmission, the original uncompressed playlist description file is returned, and the processing flow is the same as that of the prior art. In this embodiment, the client may be a player supporting HAS technology, and the client supports compressed transmission, which means that the player supports decompressing the compressed content to obtain the original content.
202、流媒体服务器根据压缩标识向客户端返回压缩后最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件。202. The streaming media server returns the compressed playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content to the client according to the compression identifier.
进一步的，流媒体服务器还向客户端返回压缩后的主播放列表描述文件。Further, the streaming media server also returns the compressed master playlist description file to the client.
具体的，流媒体服务器部署了主播放列表描述文件压缩文件，以及各码率 内容的播放列表描述文件压缩文件。Specifically, the stream media server deploys the compressed file of the main playlist description file and the compressed file of the playlist description file of each bit rate content.
可选的，主播放列表描述文件和各码率内容的播放列表描述文件可以分开一一压缩发布。Optionally, the main playlist description file and the playlist description files of each bit rate content can be compressed and released separately.
可选的，也可以将主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件合起来压缩成第一压缩文件，其他码率内容的播放列表描述文件分别一一压缩部署。Optionally, the main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content can also be compressed together into the first compressed file, and the playlist description files of other bit rate content are compressed and deployed one by one.
可选的，也可将主播放列表描述文件单独压缩发布，各码率内容的播放列表描述文件合起来压缩发布。Optionally, the main playlist description file may also be compressed and released separately, and the playlist description files of each bitrate content are compressed and released together.
流媒体服务器在收到客户端的播放列表描述文件获取请求后，根据请求中携带的用于指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识判断客户端是否支持压缩传输，若客户端支持压缩传输，则将包括主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件的压缩文件返回给客户端。可选的，也可以分开将包括主播放列表描述文件的压缩文件和包括最低码率媒体文件的播放列表描述文件压缩文件分开先后返回给客户端。After receiving the playlist description file acquisition request from the client, the streaming media server judges whether the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identifier carried in the request to indicate whether the client supports compressed transmission. If the client supports compressed transmission, it sends The compressed file including the main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content is returned to the client. Optionally, the compressed file including the main playlist description file and the compressed file including the playlist description file including the lowest bit rate media file may also be separately returned to the client successively.
203、客户端解压流媒体服务器返回的压缩文件，获取最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件。203. The client decompresses the compressed file returned by the streaming media server, and acquires the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content.
进一步的，客户端还解压压缩文件，获取主播放列表描述文件。Further, the client also decompresses the compressed file to obtain the main playlist description file.
具体的，如果流媒体服务器在同一压缩文件中同时返回主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件，则解压该压缩文件同时获得主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件。Specifically, if the streaming server returns the main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content in the same compressed file, then decompress the compressed file to obtain the main playlist description file and the playlist of the lowest bit rate content at the same time description file.
如果流媒体服务器分别返回包括主播放列表描述文件的压缩文件和包括最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件的压缩文件，则客户端先后一一解压该压缩文件，分别获得主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件。If the streaming media server returns the compressed file including the main playlist description file and the compressed file including the playlist description file with the lowest bit rate content, the client decompresses the compressed files one by one to obtain the main playlist description file and the lowest bit rate content respectively. The playlist description file of bitrate content.
204、客户端根据最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件向流媒体服务器发送最低码率内容分片获取请求，并从所述媒体服务器获取最低码率内容分片。204. The client sends a request for acquiring content fragments with the lowest code rate to the streaming media server according to the playlist description file of the content with the lowest code rate, and obtains the content fragments with the lowest code rate from the media server.
具体的，客户端解析最低码率媒体内容的播放列表描述文件获取最低码率内容的播放列表，该播放列表中包括最低码率内容的一系列分片标识，比如分 片URL，客户端根据分片URL从流媒体服务器获取选择的内容分片并进行播放。Specifically, the client parses the playlist description file of the lowest bitrate media content to obtain the playlist of the lowest bitrate content. The playlist includes a series of fragment identifiers of the lowest bitrate content, such as fragment URLs. The segment URL obtains the selected content segment from the streaming server and plays it.
进一步的，客户端可在播放最低码率内容分片的同时，从流媒体服务器下载其他码率内容的播放列表描述文件压缩文件，客户端可实时动态的根据网络下载情况，如网络下载速度，根据其他码率内容的播放列表描述文件，向流媒体服务器请求与客户端网络状况匹配的其他码率内容分片。Further, the client can download the playlist description file compressed files of other bit rate content from the streaming media server while playing the lowest bit rate content fragment, and the client can dynamically download according to the network situation in real time, such as the network download speed, According to the playlist description files of other bit rate content, request other bit rate content fragments that match the client's network conditions to the streaming server.
如上所述的基于HAS的内容分发方法，由于流媒体服务器根据压缩标识判断客户端支持压缩传输时，将包括主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件的压缩文件发送给客户端，减少了内容缓冲阶段客户端与流媒体服务器的交互次数，提高了下载速度，同时压缩的播放列表描述文件减少客户端缓冲时下载的数据量，进一步提高了下载速度，减少缓冲时间，提高用户体验。In the above-mentioned HAS-based content distribution method, since the streaming media server judges that the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identifier, it sends the compressed file including the main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content to the client , which reduces the number of interactions between the client and the streaming media server during the content buffering stage, and improves the download speed. At the same time, the compressed playlist description file reduces the amount of data downloaded when the client buffers, further improves the download speed, reduces the buffering time, and improves the user experience. experience.
下面以苹果的动态码率自适应技术(HTTP Live Streaming，HLS)为例，对本发明实施例作进一步的详细描述。HLS是苹果公司提出的一种基于HTTP的流媒体网络传输协议，是HAS技术的一种实现方案。可实现流媒体的直播和点播，主要应用在iOS系统，为iOS设备(如iPhone、iPad)提供音视频直播和点播方案。HLS的内容包括如下几个部分：The embodiment of the present invention will be further described in detail below by taking Apple's dynamic code rate adaptive technology (HTTP Live Streaming, HLS) as an example. HLS is an HTTP-based streaming media network transmission protocol proposed by Apple, and is an implementation of HAS technology. It can realize live broadcast and on-demand streaming media, and is mainly used in iOS system to provide audio and video live broadcast and on-demand solutions for iOS devices (such as iPhone and iPad). The content of HLS includes the following parts:
1、主播放列表描述文件：扩展名为m3u8的文本文件，其中定义了各码率内容对应的播放列表描述文件名，以及多音轨、字幕等信息。1. Main playlist description file: a text file with an extension of m3u8, which defines the name of the playlist description file corresponding to each bit rate content, as well as information such as multiple audio tracks and subtitles.
2、各码率内容的播放列表描述文件：扩展名为m3u8的文本文件，其中定义了对应码率的TS文件列表，客户端在播放某码率的内容时，根据该文件列表顺序请求对应的TS文件进行播放。2. Playlist description file for each bit rate content: a text file with an extension of m3u8, which defines the TS file list of the corresponding bit rate. When the client plays content of a certain bit rate, it requests the corresponding TS file to play.
3、TS分片：包括多个码率的TS分片文件。3. TS fragmentation: TS fragmentation files including multiple code rates.
如图3所示，本发明另一实施例提供一种基于HLS的内容分发方法，包括：内容发布和内容播放两个阶段。As shown in FIG. 3 , another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for distributing content based on HLS, including two stages: content publishing and content playing.
内容发布阶段：在内容发布时，流媒体管理系统将播放列表描述文件进行压缩，其中，可以将主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件 压缩到一个文件中，其他各码率内容的播放列表描述文件分别一一压缩到多个压缩文件中。将上述压缩文件一同发布到流媒体服务器。内容发布后，流媒体服务器中对应的内容目录下包括以下播放列表描述文件：Content release stage: when the content is released, the streaming media management system compresses the playlist description file. Among them, the main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content can be compressed into one file, and the other bit rate content can be compressed into one file. The content playlist description files are respectively compressed one by one into a plurality of compressed files. Publish the above compressed files to the streaming media server together. After the content is released, the corresponding content directory in the streaming media server includes the following playlist description files:
1、主播放列表描述文件(原始文件)；1. Main playlist description file (original file);
2、压缩后的主播放列表描述文件(压缩文件中包括主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件)；2. The compressed main playlist description file (the compressed file includes the main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content);
3、各码率内容的播放列表描述文件(原始文件)；3. The playlist description file (original file) of each bit rate content;
4、压缩后的各码率内容的播放列表描述文件(每个压缩文件中包括一个码率内容的播放列表描述文件)4. The compressed playlist description file of each bitrate content (each compressed file includes a playlist description file of bitrate content)
如下表所示：As shown in the table below:
内容播放阶段，如图3所示包括以下步骤：The content playing phase, as shown in Figure 3, includes the following steps:
301、客户端向流媒体服务器发送主播放列表描述文件请求，该请求中携带指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识。301. The client sends a master playlist description file request to the streaming media server, and the request carries a compression identifier indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission.
具体的，客户端发送HTTP GET消息，用于请求获取播放列表描述文件，同时，该HTTP GET消息携带用于指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的的客户端能力字段。可选的，可以通过对HTTP GET消息头域增加参数的方式携带压缩标识，例如：C＝0表示客户端不支持压缩传输，C＝1表示客户端支持压缩传输。 可选的，还可以携带支持的压缩格式，如gzip等。如果客户端不支持压缩传输，则返回原始的未压缩的播放列表描述文件，处理流程与现有技术相同。本实施例中，客户端可以是支持HLS协议的播放器。Specifically, the client sends an HTTP GET message to request to obtain the playlist description file, and at the same time, the HTTP GET message carries a client capability field used to indicate whether the client supports compressed transmission. Optionally, the compression identifier can be carried by adding a parameter to the header field of the HTTP GET message, for example: C=0 indicates that the client does not support compressed transmission, and C=1 indicates that the client supports compressed transmission. Optionally, supported compression formats, such as gzip, can also be carried. If the client does not support compressed transmission, the original uncompressed playlist description file is returned, and the processing flow is the same as that of the prior art. In this embodiment, the client may be a player supporting the HLS protocol.
302、流媒体服务器根据请求消息中的压缩标识判断客户端是否支持压缩传输。302. The streaming media server determines whether the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identifier in the request message.
303、在判断客户端支持压缩传输后，流媒体服务器向客户端返回压缩后的播放列表描述文件。303. After determining that the client supports compressed transmission, the streaming media server returns the compressed playlist description file to the client.
具体的，该压缩后的播放列表描述文件包括主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件。Specifically, the compressed playlist description file includes a main playlist description file and a playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content.
304、客户端解压并解析流媒体服务器返回的压缩后的主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件。304. The client decompresses and parses the compressed main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content returned by the streaming media server.
305、客户端向流媒体服务器请求最低码率内容的内容分片。305. The client requests content fragments of the lowest bit rate content from the streaming media server.
具体的，客户端解析最低码率播放列表描述文件后，获取最低码率内容的播放列表，该播放列表中包括最低码率内容的一系列分片标识，比如分片URL，客户端根据分片URL向流媒体服务器发送获取选择的内容分片。Specifically, after the client parses the lowest bit rate playlist description file, it obtains the playlist of the lowest bit rate content, which includes a series of fragment identifiers of the lowest bit rate content, such as the fragment URL. The URL is sent to the streaming media server to obtain the selected content fragments.
306、流媒体服务器向客户端返回最低码率内容分片。306. The streaming media server returns the lowest code rate content fragment to the client.
307、客户端播放接收的内容分片。307. The client plays the received content fragment.
308、客户端向流媒体服务器请求其他码率内容的播放列表描述文件。308. The client requests the streaming media server for playlist description files of other bit rate content.
具体的，客户端在播放最低码率内容分片文件的同时，向流媒体服务器发送获取其他码率内容播放列表描述文件请求。Specifically, the client sends a request to the streaming media server to obtain a playlist description file of other bit rate content while playing the lowest bit rate content fragment file.
309、流媒体服务器向客户端返回压缩的其他码率内容的播放列表描述文件。309. The streaming media server returns the compressed playlist description file of other bit rate content to the client.
310、客户端根据内容分片的的下载速度，判断网络状态，进行码率动态切换。310. The client judges the network status according to the download speed of the content fragments, and dynamically switches the code rate.
具体的，客户端可实时动态的根据网络下载情况，如网络下载速度，根据其他码率内容的播放列表描述文件，向流媒体服务器请求与客户端网络状况匹配的其他码率内容分片。Specifically, the client can dynamically request other bit rate content fragments matching the client network conditions to the streaming server according to the network download conditions, such as the network download speed, and according to the playlist description files of other bit rate content.
在另外一种可选的实施方式中，在内容发布阶段，也可将主播放列表描述 文件单独压缩，各码率内容的播放列表描述文件合起来压缩，或者主播放列表描述文件单独压缩，各码率内容的播放列表描述文件一一分开压缩。In another optional implementation manner, in the content publishing stage, the main playlist description file can also be compressed separately, the playlist description files of each bit rate content are compressed together, or the main playlist description file is compressed separately, each The playlist description files of bit rate content are compressed separately one by one.
如上所述的基于HLS的内容分发方法，由于流媒体服务器根据压缩标识判断客户端支持压缩传输时，将包括主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件的压缩文件发送给客户端，减少了内容缓冲阶段客户端与流媒体服务器的交互次数，提高了下载速度，同时压缩的播放列表描述文件减少客户端缓冲时下载的数据量，进一步提高了下载速度，减少缓冲时间，提高用户体验。In the above-mentioned HLS-based content distribution method, since the streaming media server judges that the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identifier, it sends the compressed file including the main playlist description file and the playlist description file of the lowest bit rate content to the client , which reduces the number of interactions between the client and the streaming media server during the content buffering stage, and improves the download speed. At the same time, the compressed playlist description file reduces the amount of data downloaded when the client buffers, further improves the download speed, reduces the buffering time, and improves the user experience. experience.
本发明另一实施例提供一种客户端，如图4所示，该客户端包括：Another embodiment of the present invention provides a client, as shown in Figure 4, the client includes:
发送单元401，用于向流媒体服务器发送播放列表描述文件获取请求，所述获取请求包括用于指示所述客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识；The sending unit 401 is configured to send a playlist description file acquisition request to the streaming media server, where the acquisition request includes a compression identifier indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission;
接收单元402，用于接收所述流媒体服务器根据所述压缩标识返回的包括最低码率播放列表描述文件的第一压缩文件；The receiving unit 402 is configured to receive the first compressed file including the lowest bit rate playlist description file returned by the streaming media server according to the compression identifier;
处理单元403，用于解压所述第一压缩文件获取最低码率播放列表描述文件；A processing unit 403, configured to decompress the first compressed file to obtain the lowest bit rate playlist description file;
所述发送单元401还用于根据所述最低码率播放列表描述文件向所述流媒体服务器发送内容分片获取请求；所述接收单元还用于接收所述流媒体服务器返回的所述内容分片。The sending unit 401 is further configured to send a content segment acquisition request to the streaming media server according to the lowest bit rate playlist description file; the receiving unit is also configured to receive the content segment returned by the streaming media server. piece.
具体的，该客户端可以是内置支持HAS播放器的用户终端，比如智能手机，平板电脑等，也可以为支持HAS的播放器。在执行本发明实施例的内容分发方法时，发送单元401向流媒体服务器发送HTTP请求消息，用于向该流媒体服务器请求获取主播放列表描述文件，其中该HTTP请求消息中携带指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识，该流媒体服务器根据该压缩标识判断该客户端是否支持压缩传输，在确定该客户端支持压缩传输时，向该客户端的接收单元402发送包含主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容播放列表描述文件的压缩文件。处理单元403将接收单元402接收的压缩文件进行解压获取主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容播放列表描述文件。同时，处理单元403解析最低码率 内容播放列表描述文件，获取最低码率内容的播放列表，该播放列表包含最低码率内容的一系列分片标识。处理单元403根据该播放列表指令发送单元404向流媒体服务器发送内容分片获取请求，该请求中携带了内容分片标识，流媒体服务器根据收到的内容分片获取请求中的内容分片标识，查询获取到与该内容分片标识对应的分片文件后，返回给该客户端的接收单元402，处理单元403解析收到的内容分片进行播放。Specifically, the client may be a user terminal with a built-in player supporting HAS, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc., or a player supporting HAS. When executing the content distribution method of the embodiment of the present invention, the sending unit 401 sends an HTTP request message to the streaming media server, for requesting the streaming media server to obtain the master playlist description file, wherein the HTTP request message carries an indication whether the client The compression identification that supports compressed transmission, the streaming media server judges whether the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identification, and when determining that the client supports compressed transmission, sends the receiving unit 402 of the client that contains the main playlist description file and the minimum The compressed file of the bitrate content playlist description file. The processing unit 403 decompresses the compressed file received by the receiving unit 402 to obtain the main playlist description file and the lowest bit rate content playlist description file. At the same time, the processing unit 403 parses the lowest bit rate content playlist description file to obtain the playlist of the lowest bit rate content, which contains a series of fragment identifiers of the lowest bit rate content. The processing unit 403 sends a content fragment acquisition request to the streaming media server according to the playlist instruction sending unit 404. The request carries a content fragment identification, and the streaming media server obtains the content fragment identification according to the content fragment acquisition request received. After querying and obtaining the fragment file corresponding to the content fragment identifier, it returns to the receiving unit 402 of the client, and the processing unit 403 parses the received content fragment and plays it.
进一步的，处理单元403在解析播放收到的内容分片时，还指令发送单元401向流媒体服务器发送其他码率内容播放列表描述文件获取请求，流媒体服务器将其他码率内容播放列表描述文件发送给接收单元402。处理单元403解析接收单元402收到的其他码率内容播放列表描述文件后，获得其他码率内容播放列表，并根据内容分片的下载速度，判断网络状态，根据网络状况动态指定发送单元401向媒体服务器发送适合当前网络状态的码率内容分片请求。Further, when the processing unit 403 parses and plays the received content fragments, it also instructs the sending unit 401 to send a request for obtaining a playlist description file of other code rate content to the streaming media server, and the streaming media server sends the content playlist description file of other code rate to the stream media server. Send to the receiving unit 402. After the processing unit 403 parses the other code rate content playlist description file received by the receiving unit 402, it obtains the other code rate content playlist, and judges the network status according to the download speed of the content fragments, and dynamically specifies the sending unit 401 according to the network status. The media server sends a content fragmentation request with a code rate suitable for the current network state.
本发明另一实施例还提供一种支持HAS技术的流媒体服务器，如图5所示，包括：接收单元501，用于接收客户端发送的播放列表描述文件获取请求，所述获取请求包括用于指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识；处理单元502，用于根据所述压缩标识判断所述客户端支持压缩传输；发送单元503，用于根据所述处理单元的判断结果，向所述客户端发送包括最低码率播放列表描述文件的第一压缩文件。Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a streaming media server supporting HAS technology, as shown in FIG. The compression identifier indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission; the processing unit 502 is configured to judge that the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identifier; the sending unit 503 is configured to send the The client sends the first compressed file including the lowest bit rate playlist description file.
可选的，接收单元501还接收客户端发送的内容分片获取请求，该内容分片获取请求中携带内容分片标识，处理单元502根据该内容分片标识获取与该内容分片标识对应的内容分片后，指令发送单元503将该内容分片发送给客户端用于播放。Optionally, the receiving unit 501 also receives a content fragment acquisition request sent by the client, the content fragment acquisition request carries a content fragment identifier, and the processing unit 502 obtains the content corresponding to the content fragment identifier according to the content fragment identifier. After the content is fragmented, the instruction sending unit 503 sends the content fragment to the client for playing.
另外，接收单元501还接收客户端发送的其他码率内容播放列表描述文件获取请求，处理单元502指令发送单元503将其他码率内容播放列表描述文件的压缩文件发送给客户端，以便于客户端根据网络下载情况，动态从流媒体服务器获取适配网络状态的不同码率的内容分片。In addition, the receiving unit 501 also receives the acquisition request of other code rate content playlist description files sent by the client, and the processing unit 502 instructs the sending unit 503 to send the compressed file of other code rate content playlist description files to the client, so that the client can According to the network download situation, dynamically obtain content fragments of different bit rates adapted to the network state from the streaming media server.
具体的，该流媒体服务器可以是支持HTTP协议的Web服务器。可选的， 该流媒体服务器可以采用如图6所示的模块设计。Specifically, the streaming media server may be a web server supporting the HTTP protocol. Optionally, the streaming media server may adopt a modular design as shown in FIG. 6 .
如上所述流媒体服务器和客户端，客户端在向流媒体服务器请求播放列表描述文件时携带了指示客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识，流媒体服务器根据压缩标识在判断客户端支持压缩传输时，将包括主播放列表描述文件和最低码率内容的播放列表描述文件的压缩文件发送给客户端，减少了内容缓冲阶段客户端与流媒体服务器的交互次数，提高了下载速度，同时压缩的播放列表描述文件减少客户端缓冲时下载的数据量，进一步提高了下载速度，减少缓冲时间，提高用户体验。As mentioned above, the streaming media server and the client, when the client requests the playlist description file from the streaming media server, it carries the compression identification indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission, and the streaming media server judges that the client supports compressed transmission according to the compression identification. , send the compressed file of the playlist description file including the main playlist description file and the lowest bit rate content to the client, which reduces the number of interactions between the client and the streaming media server during the content buffering stage, improves the download speed, and simultaneously compresses the playback The list description file reduces the amount of data downloaded when the client buffers, further improves the download speed, reduces buffering time, and improves user experience.
图6是本发明一实施例的用户终端示意框图。Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a user terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
如图6所示，该用户终端包括：至少一个处理器601，例如CPU，至少一个通信接口604或者其他通信接口，存储器602，和至少一个通信总线605，用于实现这些装置之间的会话通信。处理器601用于执行存储器中存储的可执行模块，例如计算机程序。用户终端可选的还包含用户接口603，包括但不限于显示器，键盘和点击设备(例如，鼠标，轨迹球(trackball)，触感板或者触感显示屏)。存储器602可能包含高速Ram存储器，也可能还包括非不稳定的存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。通过至少一个网络接口(可以是有线或者无线)实现该用户终端与至少一个其他计算机之间的通信会话，可以使用互联网，广域网，本地网，城域网等。As shown in Figure 6, the user terminal includes: at least one processor 601, such as a CPU, at least one communication interface 604 or other communication interfaces, a memory 602, and at least one communication bus 605, for realizing session communication between these devices . The processor 601 is used to execute executable modules, such as computer programs, stored in the memory. The user terminal optionally further includes a user interface 603, including but not limited to a display, a keyboard, and a pointing device (eg, a mouse, a trackball, a touch pad or a touch screen). The memory 602 may include a high-speed Ram memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory. The communication session between the user terminal and at least one other computer is realized through at least one network interface (which may be wired or wireless), and the Internet, wide area network, local network, metropolitan area network, etc. can be used.
可选的，通信接口604可用于用于向流媒体服务器发送播放列表描述文件获取请求，所述获取请求包括用于指示所述客户端是否支持压缩传输的压缩标识，还可用于接收所述流媒体服务器根据所述压缩标识返回的包括最低码率播放列表描述文件的第一压缩文件，存储器602可用于存储该通信接口604接收第一压缩文件，处理器601可用于从该存储器602中第一压缩文件，并解压所述第一压缩文件获取最低码率播放列表描述文件。同时，处理器601解析最低码率内容播放列表描述文件，获取最低码率内容的播放列表，该播放列表包含最低码率内容的一系列分片标识。处理器601根据该播放列表指令通信接口604向流媒体服务器发送内容分片获取请求，该请求中携带了内容分片标识， 流媒体服务器根据收到的内容分片获取请求中的内容分片标识，查询获取到与该内容分片标识对应的分片文件后，返回给该客户端的通信接口604，处理器601解析收到的内容分片调用播放器进行播放。本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。Optionally, the communication interface 604 may be used to send a playlist description file acquisition request to the streaming media server, where the acquisition request includes a compression identifier indicating whether the client supports compressed transmission, and may also be used to receive the stream The media server returns the first compressed file including the lowest bit rate playlist description file according to the compression identifier, the memory 602 can be used to store the first compressed file received by the communication interface 604, and the processor 601 can be used to obtain the first compressed file from the memory 602. Compress the file, and decompress the first compressed file to obtain the lowest bit rate playlist description file. At the same time, the processor 601 parses the lowest bit rate content playlist description file to obtain the lowest bit rate content playlist, and the playlist includes a series of fragment identifiers of the lowest bit rate content. The processor 601 instructs the communication interface 604 to send a content fragment acquisition request to the streaming media server according to the playlist, the request carries a content fragment identifier, and the streaming media server obtains the content fragment identifier according to the received content fragment After querying and obtaining the fragment file corresponding to the content fragment identifier, it returns to the communication interface 604 of the client, and the processor 601 parses the received content fragment and calls the player to play it. Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the relationship between hardware and software Interchangeability. In the above description, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described according to their functions. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present invention.
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本发明实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-OnlyMemory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the integrated unit is realized in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products are stored in a storage medium In, several instructions are included to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-OnlyMemory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalents within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Modifications or replacements shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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