技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种实验装置，特别涉及一种多功能井筒油气水多相流模拟实验装置，用于模拟油气水单相、两相和三相分别在井筒内管和环形空间中的多种条件下的多相流流动状况，研究其流场分布和流动特性，还可用于研究单相和多相流体在井筒内管与环空中流动时的传热规律。The present invention relates to an experimental device, in particular to a multi-functional wellbore oil-gas-water multiphase flow simulation experiment device, which is used to simulate various conditions of oil-gas-water single-phase, two-phase and three-phase respectively in the wellbore inner tube and annular space It can also be used to study the heat transfer law of single-phase and multi-phase fluids flowing in the inner tube and annular space of the wellbore.
背景技术Background technique
在石油天然气开采和运输中，会经常遇到两相或多相流现象在钻井中，当钻遇油气藏生产层时，储层中产出的天然气进入井筒与钻井液混合，使井筒环空内简单的单相流变为复杂的气液两相流。自喷井采油时，当油井的井口压力大于原油的饱和压力时，井中为单相原油，当井底流压低于饱和压力时，整个油管为油气两相。在油藏开采中，普遍存在边底水，且在开采中后期，常采用注水、注气的方式来补充地层能量继续开采油田，因此流体从井底向地面流动过程中，油气水三相混合物通常存在于井筒中。在气举采油时，将高压气体连续不断地注入油管内，使油管内的液体与注入的高压气体混合，形成气液两相，降低液柱的密度，减少液柱对井底的回压，从而使油层与井底之间形成足够的生产压差，并在井筒环形空间中被举升到地面，则形成环空气液两相流。将高压气体注入环空内，则形成管内气液两相流。在油田开发中，使用抽油机采油时，抽油机通过抽油杆带动井下的深井泵，作上下往复运动，将井内液体抽至地面，井内液体通过油管与抽油杆柱之间的环形空间流出地面，则形成环空气液两相流。另外还有欠平衡钻井技术中的气液两相流问题，油气输送过程中管内的油气水多相流问题等等，均涉及到油气水两相或三相流动规律研究。In oil and gas extraction and transportation, two-phase or multiphase flow phenomena are often encountered. In drilling, when drilling into oil and gas reservoir production layers, the natural gas produced in the reservoir enters the wellbore and mixes with the drilling fluid, making the wellbore annulus The simple single-phase flow becomes complex gas-liquid two-phase flow. When producing oil from a gushing well, when the wellhead pressure of the oil well is greater than the saturation pressure of crude oil, the well contains single-phase crude oil, and when the bottom-hole flow pressure is lower than the saturation pressure, the entire tubing is oil-gas two-phase. In the development of oil reservoirs, edge and bottom water are common, and in the middle and late stages of production, water injection and gas injection are often used to supplement formation energy and continue to exploit oil fields. Usually found in wellbore. During gas lift production, high-pressure gas is continuously injected into the tubing, so that the liquid in the tubing is mixed with the injected high-pressure gas to form a gas-liquid two-phase, which reduces the density of the liquid column and reduces the back pressure of the liquid column on the bottom of the well. As a result, a sufficient production pressure difference is formed between the oil layer and the bottom of the well, and it is lifted to the surface in the annular space of the wellbore, forming an annular air-liquid two-phase flow. Injecting high-pressure gas into the annular space will form a gas-liquid two-phase flow in the pipe. In oil field development, when using a pumping unit to produce oil, the pumping unit drives the deep well pump downhole through the sucker rod to reciprocate up and down to pump the liquid in the well to the ground, and the liquid in the well passes through the annular space between the oil pipe and the sucker rod string When the space flows out of the ground, an annular air-liquid two-phase flow is formed. In addition, there are problems of gas-liquid two-phase flow in underbalanced drilling technology, oil-gas-water multiphase flow in pipes during oil and gas transportation, etc., all of which involve the study of oil-gas-water two-phase or three-phase flow laws.
由此可见，多相流理论在油田生产过程中很重要。只有准确预测其流动规律，才能保证设备安全、经济地运行。因此，多相流理论研究既具有重要的学术价值，又有广泛的工程应用背景。但是很多学者在研究两相流或者多相流规律时，设计构建的实验系统应用范围比较局限，条件不太完善，不能适用多种情况的多相流研究。因此设计一套多功能的综合多相流研究实验系统是很有必要的。It can be seen that the multiphase flow theory is very important in the oilfield production process. Only by accurately predicting its flow law can the safe and economical operation of equipment be guaranteed. Therefore, the research on multiphase flow theory has both important academic value and extensive engineering application background. However, when many scholars study the law of two-phase flow or multiphase flow, the application range of the experimental system designed and constructed is relatively limited, and the conditions are not perfect, so they cannot be applied to the study of multiphase flow in various situations. Therefore, it is necessary to design a set of multifunctional comprehensive multiphase flow research experimental system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种多功能井筒油气水多相流模拟实验装置，不仅可以实现多种实验条件下的研究工作，提高实验装置的利用率，且操作方便，适应性强，应用广泛。该设备的建成将形成一个综合的井筒多相流动模拟实验平台，是一套功能比较完备的大型井筒多相流实验系统。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multifunctional wellbore oil-gas-water multiphase flow simulation experimental device, which can not only realize research work under various experimental conditions, improve the utilization rate of the experimental device, and operate Convenient, adaptable and widely used. The completion of this equipment will form a comprehensive wellbore multiphase flow simulation experiment platform, which is a large wellbore multiphase flow experiment system with relatively complete functions.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种多功能井筒油气水多相流模拟实验装置，包括：A multifunctional wellbore oil-gas-water multiphase flow simulation experiment device, comprising:
用于提供恒定流速的气体的供气系统；A gas supply system for providing a constant flow rate of gas;
用于提供恒定流速的水的供水系统；Water supply systems for supplying water at a constant flow rate;
用于提供恒定流速的油的供油系统；An oil supply system for providing a constant flow rate of oil;
用于模拟井筒内管和环空中的多相流体流动状态的模拟井筒系统；A simulated wellbore system for simulating the multiphase fluid flow state in the wellbore inner tube and annulus;
与所述供气系统、供水系统以及供油系统连接的用于将所述气体、水以及油中的至少两种进行混合的气液混合系统，所述气液混合系统的出口连接模拟井筒系统入口；A gas-liquid mixing system connected to the gas supply system, water supply system, and oil supply system for mixing at least two of the gas, water, and oil, and the outlet of the gas-liquid mixing system is connected to a simulated wellbore system Entrance;
设置于模拟井筒系统出口的用于将流出井筒的混合相流体进行分离的多相分离系统；A multi-phase separation system for separating the mixed-phase fluid flowing out of the wellbore installed at the outlet of the simulated wellbore system;
以及设置于模拟井筒系统中的参数测量系统。And a parameter measurement system set in the simulated wellbore system.
所述供气系统包括空气压缩机1、气体缓冲罐2、干燥器3、氮气源储罐4、隔离器5和过滤器8，空气压缩机1的气体出口端与气体缓冲罐2的气体入口端连通，氮气源储罐4的气体出口端与气体缓冲罐2的气体入口端连通，气体缓冲罐2的气体出口端通过与干燥器3的气体入口端连通且连接管道上设置有减压阀18，干燥器3的气体出口端与隔离器5的气体入口端相通且在连接管路上设置过滤器8，隔离器5的气体出口端与气液混合系统的气体入口端相连通且在连接管道上设置有止回阀；The gas supply system includes an air compressor 1, a gas buffer tank 2, a dryer 3, a nitrogen source storage tank 4, an isolator 5 and a filter 8, the gas outlet of the air compressor 1 and the gas inlet of the gas buffer tank 2 The gas outlet port of the nitrogen source storage tank 4 communicates with the gas inlet port of the gas buffer tank 2, and the gas outlet port of the gas buffer tank 2 communicates with the gas inlet port of the dryer 3, and the connecting pipe is provided with a pressure reducing valve 18. The gas outlet end of the dryer 3 communicates with the gas inlet end of the isolator 5 and a filter 8 is arranged on the connecting pipeline, the gas outlet end of the isolator 5 communicates with the gas inlet end of the gas-liquid mixing system and connects with the connecting pipeline There is a check valve on it;
所述供水系统包括水箱9、热水泵7和冷水泵12，水箱9中设置有隔层，将其分为热水室和冷水室，热水室通过热水泵7连接气液混合系统的水相入口且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀，冷水室通过冷水泵12连接气液混合系统的水相入口且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀；The water supply system includes a water tank 9, a hot water pump 7 and a cold water pump 12. The water tank 9 is provided with an interlayer, which is divided into a hot water chamber and a cold water chamber. The hot water chamber is connected to the water phase of the gas-liquid mixing system through the hot water pump 7. The inlet is provided with a flow regulating control valve on the connecting pipe, and the cold water chamber is connected to the water phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixing system through a cold water pump 12, and a flow regulating control valve is provided on the connecting pipe;
所述供油系统包括油箱10和油泵11，油箱10通过油泵11连接气液混合系统的油相入口且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀。The oil supply system includes an oil tank 10 and an oil pump 11. The oil tank 10 is connected to the oil phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixing system through the oil pump 11 and a flow regulating control valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline.
所述模拟井筒系统包括竖直安装于支架上的多节结构，每节由一个外管29和一个位于外管29中的与其同轴心的内管28组成，相邻节之间，以连接法兰和连接短节相连接；The simulated wellbore system includes a multi-section structure vertically installed on the support, each section is composed of an outer tube 29 and an inner tube 28 coaxial with the outer tube 29, and adjacent sections are connected to each other. The flange is connected with the connecting pup joint;
所述气液混合系统包括油气水三相混合器14，油气水三相混合器14的气相入口接供气系统的出口，油气水三相混合器14的油相入口接供油系统的出口，油气水三相混合器14的水相入口接供水系统的出口，油气水三相混合器14的混相出口接四通阀一15的一个接口，四通阀一15的第二个接口接内管28的底端，第三个接口接外管29的底端，第四个接口接水箱9的入口和排污池27；The gas-liquid mixing system includes an oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the gas-phase inlet of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 is connected to the outlet of the gas supply system, and the oil-phase inlet of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 is connected to the outlet of the oil supply system, The water phase inlet of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 is connected to the outlet of the water supply system, the mixed-phase outlet of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 is connected to a port of the four-way valve one 15, and the second port of the four-way valve one 15 is connected to the inner pipe The bottom of 28, the third interface is connected to the bottom of outer pipe 29, and the fourth interface is connected to the entrance of water tank 9 and sewage tank 27;
所述多相分离系统包括多相分离器20、固体收集器22、背压阀23和四通阀二21，四通阀二21的一个接口接内管28的顶端，四通阀二21的第二个接口接外管29的顶端，四通阀二21的第三个接口接水箱9的冷水室出水管路，四通阀二21的第四个接口接多相分离器20的混合相入口并在连接管道上设置有止回阀和固体收集器22，多相分离器20的水相出口分成两路分别连接水箱9的热水室和冷水室且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀，多相分离器20的油相出口连接至油箱10且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀，多相分离器20的气相出口连接至气体回收系统且连接管道上设置有背压阀23。Described multi-phase separation system comprises multi-phase separator 20, solid collector 22, back pressure valve 23 and four-way valve two 21, and an interface of four-way valve two 21 connects the top of interior pipe 28, and four-way valve two 21 The second interface is connected to the top of the outer pipe 29, the third interface of the four-way valve two 21 is connected to the cold water chamber outlet pipeline of the water tank 9, and the fourth interface of the four-way valve two 21 is connected to the mixed phase of the multiphase separator 20 The inlet is provided with a check valve and a solid collector 22 on the connecting pipe, and the water phase outlet of the multiphase separator 20 is divided into two paths to connect the hot water chamber and the cold water chamber of the water tank 9 respectively, and a flow adjustment control is provided on the connecting pipe. Valve, the oil phase outlet of the multiphase separator 20 is connected to the oil tank 10 and a flow regulating control valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline, the gas phase outlet of the multiphase separator 20 is connected to the gas recovery system and a back pressure valve 23 is arranged on the connecting pipeline .
所述各个连接管道上均设置有截止阀。Each of the connecting pipes is provided with a shut-off valve.
所述参数测量系统包括温度传感器16、压力传感器17、差压传感器26、液体流量计13、气体流量计6以及空隙率计24，其中：The parameter measurement system includes a temperature sensor 16, a pressure sensor 17, a differential pressure sensor 26, a liquid flow meter 13, a gas flow meter 6 and a porosity meter 24, wherein:
所述温度传感器16至少设置于：隔离器5与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、冷水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、热水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油箱10与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油气水三相混合器14与四通阀一15的连接管道上、模拟井筒系统的每一节上以及四通阀二21与冷水室的连接管道上；The temperature sensor 16 is at least arranged on: the connecting pipeline between the isolator 5 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the connecting pipeline between the cold water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the hot water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the oil tank 10 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 and the four-way valve 15, on each section of the simulated wellbore system, and on the four-way On the connecting pipe between valve two 21 and the cold water chamber;
所述压力传感器17至少设置于：空气压缩机1与气体缓冲罐2的连接管道上、氮气源储罐4与气体缓冲罐2的连接管道上、气体缓冲罐2上、气体缓冲罐2与干燥器3的连接管道上、隔离器5与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、冷水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、热水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油箱10与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油气水三相混合器14与四通阀一15的连接管道上、模拟井筒系统的每一节上以及四通阀二21与冷水室的连接管道上；The pressure sensor 17 is at least arranged on: the connecting pipeline between the air compressor 1 and the gas buffer tank 2, the connecting pipeline between the nitrogen source storage tank 4 and the gas buffer tank 2, the gas buffer tank 2, the gas buffer tank 2 and the drying On the connecting pipeline of the device 3, on the connecting pipeline between the isolator 5 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the cold water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the hot water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 On the connecting pipeline, on the connecting pipeline between the oil tank 10 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 and the four-way valve one 15, on each section of the simulated wellbore system and on the four-way valve two 21 on the connecting pipe with the cold water chamber;
所述差压传感器26至少设置于：模拟井筒系统的若干不同高度处；The differential pressure sensor 26 is at least set at: several different heights of the simulated wellbore system;
所述液体流量计13至少设置于：冷水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、热水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油箱10与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、多相分离器20与水箱9的连接管道上以及多相分离器20与油箱10的连接管道上；The liquid flow meter 13 is at least arranged on: the connecting pipeline between the cold water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the connecting pipeline between the hot water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the oil tank 10 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the multiphase separator 20 and the water tank 9, and on the connecting pipeline between the multiphase separator 20 and the oil tank 10;
所述气体流量计6至少设置于：干燥器3与隔离器5的连接管道上以及多相分离器20与气体回收系统的连接管道上；The gas flow meter 6 is at least arranged on: the connecting pipeline between the dryer 3 and the isolator 5 and the connecting pipeline between the multiphase separator 20 and the gas recovery system;
所述空隙率计24至少设置于：模拟井筒系统的若干不同高度处。The porosity meter 24 is arranged at least at several different heights of the simulated wellbore system.
本发明还可以包括视频监控系统，由布置于模拟井筒系统不同高度处的多个摄像机25组成。The present invention may also include a video surveillance system consisting of multiple cameras 25 arranged at different heights of the simulated wellbore system.
本发明还可以包括与所述参数测量系统连接的数据采集系统，所述数据采集系统包括同计算机30连接的数据采集卡，数据采集卡汇集温度传感器16、压力传感器17、差压传感器26、液体流量计13、气体流量计6以及空隙率计24的数据后上传至计算机30。The present invention can also include a data acquisition system connected with the parameter measurement system, the data acquisition system includes a data acquisition card connected with the computer 30, and the data acquisition card collects the temperature sensor 16, the pressure sensor 17, the differential pressure sensor 26, the liquid The data of the flow meter 13 , the gas flow meter 6 and the porosity meter 24 are uploaded to the computer 30 afterward.
本发明还包括安全阀19，安全阀19至少设置于：气体缓冲罐2上、多相分离器20上、冷水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、热水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油箱10与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上以及油气水三相混合器14与四通阀一15的连接管道上。The present invention also includes a safety valve 19. The safety valve 19 is at least arranged on: the gas buffer tank 2, the multiphase separator 20, the connecting pipe between the cold water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the hot water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer. On the connecting pipeline of the phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline of the oil tank 10 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, and on the connecting pipeline of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 and the four-way valve one 15.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1.功能强大。1. Powerful.
本装置集多种功能于一体，可完成油气水单相、两相和三相在管内或环形空间内的流动实验，研究流体的管内流动和环空流动规律，还可完成油气水单相、两相和三相以多种组合方式在管内和环空内流动的传热实验，研究其相互传热规律。This device integrates multiple functions, and can complete the flow experiments of oil, gas and water single-phase, two-phase and three-phase in the pipe or in the annular space, study the flow rules of the fluid in the pipe and annular space, and can also complete the oil-gas-water single-phase, Heat transfer experiments of two-phase and three-phase flow in tubes and annular spaces in various combinations to study their mutual heat transfer laws.
2.实时测量。2. Real-time measurement.
本装置带有自动控制系统，通过控制面板和数据采集软件实现数据实时测量和采集，并采用国内外的先进设备和仪器仪表，使数据测量准确又可靠。The device is equipped with an automatic control system, which realizes real-time data measurement and collection through the control panel and data collection software, and adopts advanced equipment and instruments at home and abroad to make data measurement accurate and reliable.
3.操作方便。3. Easy to operate.
本装置可根据实验需要控制阀门的切换，改变实验的流程，完成不同功能的实验。模拟井筒管柱可拆卸，可更换不同尺寸的内管和外管，也可将透明管柱与不锈钢管柱互换，同时方便清洗。The device can control the switch of the valve according to the needs of the experiment, change the flow of the experiment, and complete the experiment of different functions. The simulated wellbore string is detachable, and the inner and outer pipes of different sizes can be replaced, and the transparent string can be interchanged with the stainless steel string, which is convenient for cleaning.
4.经济耐用。4. Economical and durable.
本装置管线连接力求简短，并充分考虑场地空间和施工操作等要求，节省空间和耗材，设备功能考虑周全，节能耐用。The pipeline connection of this device is as short as possible, and the requirements of site space and construction operation are fully considered to save space and consumables. The equipment functions are considered comprehensive, energy-saving and durable.
5.系统扩展。5. System expansion.
装置扩展新功能简单方便，可实现多种形式流体不同组合的流动和传热实验。系统中管柱(即模拟井筒)为垂直形式安装，可将其扩展为多种形式。在石油输送过程中，由于输送过程中存在地面起伏等因素的影响，需要考虑油气水两相或三相混合物在水平、倾斜、垂直各个方向的流动，因此需要研究多相混合物在垂直管、倾斜管、水平管中的流动规律。可将实验装置加载井筒管柱的位移系统，其中设计有水平和垂直轨道，可以实现管道由水平到垂直任意角度的变换和定位，从而完成多角度管道流动实验研究。It is simple and convenient to expand the new function of the device, which can realize the flow and heat transfer experiments of different combinations of various forms of fluids. The pipe string in the system (that is, the simulated wellbore) is installed in a vertical form, which can be expanded into various forms. In the process of petroleum transportation, due to the influence of factors such as ground fluctuations in the transportation process, it is necessary to consider the flow of oil-gas-water two-phase or three-phase mixtures in horizontal, inclined, and vertical directions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the flow of multi-phase mixtures in vertical pipes, inclined Flow laws in pipes and horizontal pipes. The experimental device can be loaded into the displacement system of the wellbore string, which is designed with horizontal and vertical tracks, which can realize the transformation and positioning of the pipeline from horizontal to vertical at any angle, so as to complete the multi-angle pipeline flow experiment research.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明的实施方式。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.
如图1所示，本实验装置主要包括供气系统、供水系统、供油系统、气液混合系统、多相分离系统、模拟井筒系统、参数测试系统、数据采集系统等。As shown in Figure 1, the experimental device mainly includes gas supply system, water supply system, oil supply system, gas-liquid mixing system, multiphase separation system, simulated wellbore system, parameter testing system, data acquisition system, etc.
1.供气系统1. Air supply system
该系统主要是用来提供恒定流速的气体，并且流速和流量可调。可以供氮气和空气两种气源，可根据实验需要进行选择。主要包括空气压缩机1、气体缓冲罐2、干燥器3、氮气源储罐4、隔离器5和过滤器8等。空气压缩机1的气体出口端与气体缓冲罐2的气体入口端连通，氮气源储罐4的气体出口端与气体缓冲罐2的气体入口端连通，气体缓冲罐2的气体出口端通过与干燥器3的气体入口端连通且连接管道上设置有减压阀18，干燥器3的气体出口端与隔离器5的气体入口端相通且在连接管路上设置过滤器8，隔离器5的气体出口端与气液混合系统的气体入口端相连通且在连接管道上设置有止回阀。氮气源可以由制氮机和氮气压缩机提供。The system is mainly used to provide a constant flow rate of gas, and the flow rate and flow rate are adjustable. Two gas sources, nitrogen and air, can be provided, which can be selected according to experimental needs. It mainly includes air compressor 1, gas buffer tank 2, dryer 3, nitrogen source storage tank 4, isolator 5 and filter 8, etc. The gas outlet port of the air compressor 1 communicates with the gas inlet port of the gas buffer tank 2, the gas outlet port of the nitrogen source storage tank 4 communicates with the gas inlet port of the gas buffer tank 2, and the gas outlet port of the gas buffer tank 2 passes through the The gas inlet end of device 3 communicates and is provided with decompression valve 18 on the connecting pipeline, the gas outlet end of drier 3 communicates with the gas inlet end of isolator 5 and filters 8 are set on the connecting pipeline, and the gas outlet of isolator 5 The end is connected with the gas inlet end of the gas-liquid mixing system and a check valve is arranged on the connecting pipe. Nitrogen source can be provided by nitrogen generator and nitrogen compressor.
空气压缩机1用于提供多相流体中的气体流体。气体缓冲罐2主要用于气流量的稳定，附有压力检测、安全阀装置。干燥器3可将输送气体进行干燥，保证其不含水分。隔离器5主要用于气流体进入混合器前与液体流体隔离，防止混合器中的流体进入气流路。The air compressor 1 is used to provide a gaseous fluid in a multiphase fluid. The gas buffer tank 2 is mainly used for stabilizing the gas flow, and is equipped with pressure detection and safety valve devices. The dryer 3 can dry the transport gas to ensure that it does not contain moisture. The isolator 5 is mainly used to isolate the gas fluid from the liquid fluid before entering the mixer, so as to prevent the fluid in the mixer from entering the gas flow path.
气源通入供气管路中，先进入气体缓冲罐2，稳定压力后，再经由干燥器3进行干燥，通过过滤器8，利用截止阀来控制其管路的开与关，采用电动流量调节阀进行气体流量控制，通过隔离器5进入气液混合系统。The gas source is connected to the gas supply pipeline, first enters the gas buffer tank 2, and after the pressure is stabilized, it is dried by the dryer 3, passes through the filter 8, and uses a stop valve to control the opening and closing of the pipeline, and adopts electric flow adjustment The valve controls the gas flow, and enters the gas-liquid mixing system through the isolator 5.
2.供水系统2. Water supply system
该系统主要是用来提供恒定流速的液体水，并且流速和流量可调。可以供冷水和热水，依据实验需要选择。主要包括水箱9、热水泵7和冷水泵12等，水箱9中设置有隔层，将其分为热水室和冷水室，热水室通过热水泵7连接气液混合系统的水相入口且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀，冷水室通过冷水泵12连接气液混合系统的水相入口且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀。The system is mainly used to provide a constant flow rate of liquid water, and the flow rate and flow rate are adjustable. It can be used for cold water and hot water, which can be selected according to the needs of the experiment. It mainly includes a water tank 9, a hot water pump 7 and a cold water pump 12, etc. The water tank 9 is provided with a partition, which is divided into a hot water chamber and a cold water chamber. The hot water chamber is connected to the water phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixing system through the hot water pump 7 and A flow regulating control valve is arranged on the connecting pipe, the cold water chamber is connected to the water phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixing system through a cold water pump 12 and a flow regulating control valve is arranged on the connecting pipe.
水箱9主要用于水泵前的水贮存，热水室中安装有加热和控温设施，冷水室中安装有冷却和控温设施，可以保证提供的冷水和热水水温恒定。水箱9的二室中均装有液位计，可方便观察液位情况。热水泵7和冷水泵12带有变频控制器，可通过控制其转速来控制其流量，并带有电接点压力表和安全阀双重保护，确保系统的安全。The water tank 9 is mainly used for water storage before the water pump. Heating and temperature control facilities are installed in the hot water chamber, and cooling and temperature control facilities are installed in the cold water chamber, which can ensure the constant temperature of cold water and hot water provided. Liquid level gauge is all housed in the two chambers of water tank 9, can observe liquid level situation conveniently. The hot water pump 7 and the cold water pump 12 are equipped with frequency conversion controllers, which can control their flow rates by controlling their rotational speeds, and are equipped with double protections of electric contact pressure gauges and safety valves to ensure the safety of the system.
热水由热水室一侧流出，通过截止阀，由热水泵7提高压力，电动阀控制其流量，经过测量仪表进入混合系统。冷水由冷水室一侧流出，通过截止阀，由冷水泵12提高压力，电动阀控制其流量，经过测量仪表进入气液混合系统。Hot water flows out from one side of the hot water chamber, passes through the shut-off valve, the pressure is increased by the hot water pump 7, the flow is controlled by the electric valve, and enters the mixing system through the measuring instrument. The cold water flows out from one side of the cold water chamber, passes through the shut-off valve, the pressure is increased by the cold water pump 12, the flow is controlled by the electric valve, and enters the gas-liquid mixing system through the measuring instrument.
3.供油系统3. Oil supply system
该系统主要是用来提供恒定流速的液体油，并且流速和流量可调。主要包括油箱10和油泵11等，油箱10通过油泵11连接气液混合系统的油相入口且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀。The system is mainly used to provide a constant flow rate of liquid oil, and the flow rate and flow rate are adjustable. It mainly includes an oil tank 10 and an oil pump 11. The oil tank 10 is connected to the oil phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixing system through the oil pump 11 and a flow regulating control valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline.
油箱10主要用于油泵11前的模拟油贮存，带有加热和控温设施，可以模拟井底油温，温度依据实验需要进行设定。油箱10装有液位计，可方便观察油面位置。油泵11带有变频控制器，可通过控制其转速来控制其流量，并带有电接点压力表和安全阀双重保护，确保系统的安全。The oil tank 10 is mainly used for simulated oil storage in front of the oil pump 11, with heating and temperature control facilities, which can simulate the oil temperature at the bottom of the well, and the temperature is set according to the needs of the experiment. Fuel tank 10 is equipped with liquid level gauge, can observe oil level position conveniently. The oil pump 11 is equipped with a frequency conversion controller, which can control its flow rate by controlling its speed, and is equipped with double protection of electric contact pressure gauge and safety valve to ensure the safety of the system.
油相由油箱10出油管流出，通过截止阀，由油泵11提高压力，电动阀控制其流量，经过测量仪表进入气液混合系统。The oil phase flows out from the oil outlet pipe of the oil tank 10, passes through the stop valve, the pressure is increased by the oil pump 11, the flow rate is controlled by the electric valve, and enters the gas-liquid mixing system through the measuring instrument.
4.气液混合系统4. Gas-liquid mixing system
该系统主要是用来将供气和供液线路提供的油气水两相或三相均匀混合，通入模拟井筒中。主要包括油气水三相混合器14以及一些阀门和仪表，油气水三相混合器14的气相入口接供气系统的出口，油气水三相混合器14的油相入口接供油系统的出口，油气水三相混合器14的水相入口接供水系统的出口，油气水三相混合器14的混相出口接四通阀一15的一个接口，四通阀一15的第二个接口接内管28的底端，第三个接口接外管29的底端，第四个接口接水箱9的入口和排污池27。油气水三相混合器14带有加热和控温设施，使混合后温度可在一定的范围内调节。The system is mainly used to uniformly mix the two-phase or three-phase oil, gas and water provided by the gas supply and liquid supply lines, and pass them into the simulated wellbore. It mainly includes an oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 and some valves and instruments. The gas phase inlet of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 is connected to the outlet of the gas supply system, and the oil phase inlet of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 is connected to the outlet of the oil supply system. The water phase inlet of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 is connected to the outlet of the water supply system, the mixed-phase outlet of the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 is connected to a port of the four-way valve one 15, and the second port of the four-way valve one 15 is connected to the inner pipe The bottom of 28, the third interface connects the bottom of outer pipe 29, and the entrance and sewage tank 27 of the fourth interface connect water tank 9. The oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 has heating and temperature control facilities, so that the temperature after mixing can be adjusted within a certain range.
打开供水管道上的截止阀和止回阀，则通入水相；打开供油管道上的截止阀和止回阀，则通入油相；打开供气管道上的截止阀和止回阀，则通入气相。根据实验需要可以选择油水、气水、油气两相混合或油气水三相混合。打开出口管道上的截止阀，流体通入四通阀一15，可由内管入口管线31进入内管28，或由环空入口管线32进入外管29。四通阀一15可以实现其四个接口随意组合连通，以达到方便控制流体进入内管28或外管29，实现单相或多相流体管内或环空流动实验。Open the shut-off valve and check valve on the water supply pipeline, then the water phase will be introduced; open the shut-off valve and check valve on the oil supply pipeline, then the oil phase will be introduced; open the shut-off valve and check valve on the gas supply pipeline, then into the gas phase. According to the needs of the experiment, you can choose oil-water, gas-water, oil-gas two-phase mixture or oil-gas-water three-phase mixture. Open the stop valve on the outlet pipeline, the fluid passes into the four-way valve one 15, and can enter the inner pipe 28 by the inner pipe inlet pipeline 31, or enter the outer pipe 29 by the annular space inlet pipeline 32. The four-way valve 15 can be combined and communicated with its four ports at will, so as to facilitate the control of fluid entering the inner pipe 28 or the outer pipe 29, and realize single-phase or multi-phase fluid flow experiments in the pipe or in the annular space.
5.多相分离系统5. Multiphase separation system
该系统主要用于井筒出口端混合相流体的分离，所述多相分离系统包括多相分离器20、固体收集器22、背压阀23和四通阀二21等，四通阀二21的一个接口接内管28的顶端，四通阀二21的第二个接口接外管29的顶端，四通阀二21的第三个接口接水箱9的热水室出水管路，四通阀二21的第四个接口接多相分离器20的混合相入口并在连接管道上设置有止回阀和固体收集器22，多相分离器20的水相出口分成两路分别连接水箱9的热水室和冷水室且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀，多相分离器20的油相出口连接至油箱10且在连接管道上设置有流量调节控制阀，多相分离器20的气相出口连接至气体回收系统且连接管道上设置有背压阀23。This system is mainly used for the separation of mixed-phase fluid at the wellbore outlet. The multi-phase separation system includes a multi-phase separator 20, a solid collector 22, a back pressure valve 23, a four-way valve two 21, etc., and the four-way valve two 21 One interface is connected to the top of the inner pipe 28, the second interface of the four-way valve two 21 is connected to the top of the outer pipe 29, the third interface of the four-way valve two 21 is connected to the hot water chamber outlet pipeline of the water tank 9, and the four-way valve The fourth interface of the second 21 is connected to the mixed phase inlet of the multiphase separator 20 and is provided with a check valve and a solid collector 22 on the connecting pipeline, and the water phase outlet of the multiphase separator 20 is divided into two paths connected to the water tank 9 The hot water chamber and the cold water chamber are provided with a flow regulating control valve on the connecting pipe, the oil phase outlet of the multiphase separator 20 is connected to the oil tank 10 and a flow regulating control valve is provided on the connecting pipe, the gas phase of the multiphase separator 20 The outlet is connected to the gas recovery system and a back pressure valve 23 is arranged on the connecting pipeline.
多相分离器20用来分离油气水两相或三相物质，设备采用不锈钢材质制作而成，设计有带清晰刻度的视窗，方便液位的观察，且带有液位控制系统，保持液位恒定。上端设计有不锈钢插管，连接背压阀23和流量计，用于气体的排出。调节背压阀23，可将分离器的压力稳定在设定值，从而保证模型管柱出口压力恒定。下端设计有水相和油相出口以及排污口，可对系统的液体排出。固体收集器22用于收集实验中多相混合流体中的固体物质。The multi-phase separator 20 is used to separate two-phase or three-phase substances of oil, gas and water. The equipment is made of stainless steel and designed with a window with clear scales to facilitate the observation of the liquid level. It is also equipped with a liquid level control system to maintain the liquid level. constant. The upper end is designed with a stainless steel intubation tube, which is connected with a back pressure valve 23 and a flow meter for gas discharge. Adjusting the back pressure valve 23 can stabilize the pressure of the separator at the set value, thereby ensuring a constant outlet pressure of the model pipe string. The lower end is designed with water phase and oil phase outlets and a sewage outlet, which can discharge the liquid of the system. The solid collector 22 is used to collect the solid matter in the multiphase mixed fluid in the experiment.
油气水单相或多相流体由内管出口管线34或环空出口管线33流出，进入四通阀二21，经截止阀和止回阀后，由固体收集器22除去固体成分，进入多相分离器20，气相分离后经过一个截止阀和一个背压阀23后排空，水相经一个调节阀回流入水箱9，油相经一个调节阀回流到油箱10。Oil-gas-water single-phase or multi-phase fluid flows out from the inner pipe outlet pipeline 34 or the annular space outlet pipeline 33, enters the four-way valve 2 21, passes through the stop valve and check valve, removes the solid components by the solid collector 22, and enters the multi-phase fluid The separator 20, after the gas phase is separated, passes through a shut-off valve and a back pressure valve 23 to be emptied, the water phase flows back into the water tank 9 through a regulating valve, and the oil phase flows back into the oil tank 10 through a regulating valve.
6.模拟井筒系统6. Simulate wellbore system
该系统主要用于模拟井筒内管和套管中的多相流体的管内和环空流动状态。主要包括竖直安装于支架上的多节结构，每节由一个外管29和一个位于外管29中的与其同轴心的内管28组成，相邻节之间，以连接法兰和连接短节相连接，并以密封机构密封。The system is mainly used to simulate the flow state of the multiphase fluid in the pipe and casing of the wellbore and the annular space. It mainly includes a multi-section structure vertically installed on the bracket. Each section is composed of an outer tube 29 and an inner tube 28 coaxial with it in the outer tube 29. Between adjacent sections, flanges and connections are connected. The short joints are connected and sealed with a sealing mechanism.
井筒高度约10m，短节连接。通常内管28的内径60-70mm，外管29的内径110-130mm，可根据实际需要选择。内管28可以拆卸更换，可以调整选择不同管径。高压井筒需用不锈钢材料制成，可耐压10MPa以上，在管壁上用石英玻璃开透明视窗以便摄像和观察。低压井筒可用有机玻璃管代替，耐压1-4MPa，管材透明，方便肉眼观察。井筒内管与外管同心，垂直安装，用支架固定，建有平台，方便人员观察实验现象，且利于摄像设备安装，井筒周围需设有保护措施。The shaft height is about 10m, and the pup joints are connected. Usually the inner diameter of the inner tube 28 is 60-70 mm, and the inner diameter of the outer tube 29 is 110-130 mm, which can be selected according to actual needs. The inner pipe 28 can be disassembled and replaced, and can be adjusted to select different pipe diameters. The high-pressure wellbore needs to be made of stainless steel, which can withstand a pressure of more than 10MPa. A transparent window is opened on the pipe wall with quartz glass for camera and observation. The low-pressure wellbore can be replaced by plexiglass tube, the pressure resistance is 1-4MPa, and the tube is transparent, which is convenient for naked eye observation. The inner pipe and outer pipe of the wellbore are concentric, installed vertically, and fixed with brackets. There is a platform, which is convenient for personnel to observe the experimental phenomena and facilitates the installation of camera equipment. Protective measures must be provided around the wellbore.
7.参数测试系统7. Parameter test system
测试系统主要实时测量系统中的压力、温度、差压、空隙率、流量等参数。主要包括温度传感器16、压力传感器17、差压传感器26、液体流量计13、气体流量计6、空隙率计24等部件。The test system mainly measures parameters such as pressure, temperature, differential pressure, void ratio, and flow in the system in real time. It mainly includes temperature sensor 16, pressure sensor 17, differential pressure sensor 26, liquid flow meter 13, gas flow meter 6, porosity meter 24 and other components.
所述温度传感器16至少设置于：隔离器5与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、冷水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、热水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油箱10与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油气水三相混合器14与四通阀一15的连接管道上、模拟井筒系统的每一节上以及四通阀二21与冷水室的连接管道上；The temperature sensor 16 is at least arranged on: the connecting pipeline between the isolator 5 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the connecting pipeline between the cold water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the hot water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the oil tank 10 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 and the four-way valve 15, on each section of the simulated wellbore system, and on the four-way On the connecting pipe between valve two 21 and the cold water chamber;
所述压力传感器17至少设置于：空气压缩机1与气体缓冲罐2的连接管道上、氮气源储罐4与气体缓冲罐2的连接管道上、气体缓冲罐2上、气体缓冲罐2与干燥器3的连接管道上、隔离器5与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、冷水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、热水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油箱10与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油气水三相混合器14与四通阀一15的连接管道上、模拟井筒系统的每一节上以及四通阀二21与冷水室的连接管道上；The pressure sensor 17 is at least arranged on: the connecting pipeline between the air compressor 1 and the gas buffer tank 2, the connecting pipeline between the nitrogen source storage tank 4 and the gas buffer tank 2, the gas buffer tank 2, the gas buffer tank 2 and the drying On the connecting pipeline of the device 3, on the connecting pipeline between the isolator 5 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the cold water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the hot water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 On the connecting pipeline, on the connecting pipeline between the oil tank 10 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 and the four-way valve one 15, on each section of the simulated wellbore system and on the four-way valve two 21 on the connecting pipe with the cold water chamber;
所述差压传感器26至少设置于：模拟井筒系统的若干不同高度处；The differential pressure sensor 26 is at least set at: several different heights of the simulated wellbore system;
所述液体流量计13至少设置于：冷水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、热水室与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、油箱10与油气水三相混合器14的连接管道上、多相分离器20与水箱9的连接管道上以及多相分离器20与油箱10的连接管道上；The liquid flow meter 13 is at least arranged on: the connecting pipeline between the cold water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the connecting pipeline between the hot water chamber and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, the oil tank 10 and the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, on the connecting pipeline between the multiphase separator 20 and the water tank 9, and on the connecting pipeline between the multiphase separator 20 and the oil tank 10;
所述气体流量计6至少设置于：干燥器3与隔离器5的连接管道上以及多相分离器20与气体回收系统的连接管道上；The gas flow meter 6 is at least arranged on: the connecting pipeline between the dryer 3 and the isolator 5 and the connecting pipeline between the multiphase separator 20 and the gas recovery system;
所述空隙率计24至少设置于：模拟井筒系统的若干不同高度处。The porosity meter 24 is arranged at least at several different heights of the simulated wellbore system.
差压传感器26主要用于测量模拟井筒两点间的差压。压力传感器17主要用于测量系统管路中流体压力及井筒中各处的压力。温度传感器16用于测量系统管路中流体温度和模拟井筒中的各处温度。空隙率计24主要用于测量井筒管道中多相流体的真实含气率。气体流量计6和液体流量计13分别用于测量气体和液体流体的流量。气体的流量控制可以采用智能电动控制系统进行精确控制。实验系统可采用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对流场进行测试，能够了解气体、液体、气液混合物的速度分布。The differential pressure sensor 26 is mainly used to measure the differential pressure between two points in the simulated wellbore. The pressure sensor 17 is mainly used to measure the fluid pressure in the system pipeline and the pressure in various places in the wellbore. The temperature sensor 16 is used to measure the temperature of the fluid in the system pipeline and the temperature of various places in the simulated wellbore. The porosity meter 24 is mainly used to measure the true gas content of the multiphase fluid in the wellbore pipeline. The gas flow meter 6 and the liquid flow meter 13 are used to measure the flow of gas and liquid fluid respectively. The gas flow control can be precisely controlled by an intelligent electric control system. The experimental system can use particle image velocimetry (PIV) to test the flow field, and can understand the velocity distribution of gas, liquid, and gas-liquid mixture.
该装置设计有摄像监控系统，摄像监控系统共三套，主要采用摄像机25，分别安装在井筒上端、中部及下端，用于连续拍摄井筒内流体流动画面，不仅可观察流动流型，还可辅助PIV技术测试井筒流场。The device is designed with a camera monitoring system. There are three sets of camera monitoring systems. Cameras 25 are mainly used, which are respectively installed at the upper, middle and lower ends of the wellbore. They are used to continuously take pictures of the fluid flow in the wellbore. PIV technology tests wellbore flow field.
8.数据采集系统8. Data acquisition system
数据采集系统与参数测量系统连接，包括同计算机30连接的数据采集卡，数据采集卡汇集温度传感器16、压力传感器17、差压传感器26、液体流量计13、气体流量计6以及空隙率计24的数据后上传至计算机30。The data acquisition system is connected with the parameter measurement system, including a data acquisition card connected with the computer 30, and the data acquisition card collects the temperature sensor 16, the pressure sensor 17, the differential pressure sensor 26, the liquid flow meter 13, the gas flow meter 6 and the porosity meter 24 Upload the data to computer 30 after.
可将工作流程显示在计算机30的界面上，实时显示各点参数，实现人机对话，计算机自动控制流量。The workflow can be displayed on the interface of the computer 30, the parameters of each point can be displayed in real time, man-machine dialogue can be realized, and the computer can automatically control the flow.
本发明实验装置的功能实现过程如下：The function realization process of experimental device of the present invention is as follows:
本实验装置可以开展石油钻采领域的多种多相流研究实验。实验中其它不用的管路一律关闭，保证整个实验系统密封不泄露。The experimental device can carry out various multiphase flow research experiments in the field of oil drilling and production. All other pipelines that are not used in the experiment are closed to ensure that the entire experimental system is sealed and does not leak.
本发明中涉及的阀门如下：The valve involved in the present invention is as follows:
V1-26、V42-44均为截止阀、V27-32均为电动流量调节控制阀、V33-36均为止回阀、V37-41均为排污阀。V1-26, V42-44 are stop valves, V27-32 are electric flow control valves, V33-36 are check valves, and V37-41 are sewage valves.
1.油气水单相管内或环空流动实验1. Oil-gas-water single-phase pipe or annular flow experiment
打开阀门V26、V9，开启调节阀V30、V31，打开阀门V10、V25、V23，打开止回阀V34、V36，启动油泵11，油相通过供油线路，流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱(即内管28)，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36进入排出管线回流至油箱，实现油相单相流动实验。Open valves V26 and V9, open regulating valves V30 and V31, open valves V10, V25 and V23, open check valves V34 and V36, and start oil pump 11. The inlet pipeline 31 enters the pipe string (that is, the inner pipe 28), and the outlet pipeline 34 of the inner pipe passes through the four-way valve 221, enters the discharge pipeline through valves V25 and V36, and flows back to the oil tank to realize the oil phase single-phase flow experiment.
打开阀门V17、V44、V8，开启调节阀V28、V32，打开阀门V10、V25、V23、V43，打开止回阀V33、V36，启动冷水泵12，水相通过供水线路，流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36进入排出管线回流至水箱冷水室，实现水相单相流动实验。Open the valves V17, V44, V8, open the regulating valves V28, V32, open the valves V10, V25, V23, V43, open the check valves V33, V36, start the cold water pump 12, the water phase flows into the four-way valve one 15 through the water supply line , enter the pipe column from the inner pipe inlet line 31, pass through the four-way valve 221 from the inner pipe outlet line 34, and enter the discharge line through the valves V25 and V36 to return to the cold water chamber of the water tank to realize the single-phase flow experiment of water.
将上述单相实验中进入内管入口管线31改为环空入口管线32，由环空出口管线33流出，则实现油气水单相环空流动实验。In the above-mentioned single-phase experiment, the inlet pipeline 31 of the inner pipe is changed to the inlet pipeline 32 of the annulus, and the outlet pipeline 33 flows out of the annulus, so that the oil-gas-water single-phase annular flow experiment is realized.
2.油气水两相管内或环空流动实验2. Oil-gas-water two-phase pipe or annular flow experiment
打开阀门V17、V44、V8，开启调节阀V28、V32，打开阀门V10、V25、V23、V43，打开止回阀V33、V36，启动冷水泵12，水相通过供水线路，进入油气水三相混合器14。打开阀门V26、V9，开启调节阀V30、V31，打开止回阀V34，启动油泵11，油相通过供油线路，进入油气水三相混合器14。油水两相混合物流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36进入多相分离器20，分离后油相和水相分别回流至油箱10和水箱9，实现油水两相循环流动实验。Open the valves V17, V44, V8, open the regulating valves V28, V32, open the valves V10, V25, V23, V43, open the check valves V33, V36, start the cold water pump 12, the water phase passes through the water supply line, and enters the three-phase mixture of oil, gas and water Device 14. Open the valves V26 and V9, open the regulating valves V30 and V31, open the check valve V34, start the oil pump 11, and the oil phase enters the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 through the oil supply line. The oil-water two-phase mixture flows into the four-way valve one 15, enters the pipe column from the inner pipe inlet line 31, passes through the four-way valve two 21 from the inner pipe outlet line 34, and enters the multi-phase separator 20 through valves V25 and V36, and the separated oil phase and the water phase are respectively returned to the oil tank 10 and the water tank 9 to realize the oil-water two-phase circulating flow experiment.
以空气作为气源进行实验，打开阀门V2、V4、V5、V7，开启调节阀V27和止回阀V35，空气由空气压缩机1供给，气体缓冲罐2稳定压力，经干燥器3、过滤器8和隔离器5，输送到油气水三相混合器14。打开阀门V17、V44、V8，开启调节阀V28、V32，打开阀门V10、V25、V23、V43，打开止回阀V33、V36，启动冷水泵12，水相通过供水线路，进入油气水三相混合器14。气水两相混合物流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36进入多相分离器20，开通V20和背压阀23，分离后气相排空，水相回流至水箱，实现气水两相流动实验。Experiment with air as the gas source, open the valves V2, V4, V5, V7, open the regulating valve V27 and the check valve V35, the air is supplied by the air compressor 1, the gas buffer tank 2 stabilizes the pressure, and passes through the dryer 3, the filter 8 and the isolator 5 are delivered to the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14. Open the valves V17, V44, V8, open the regulating valves V28, V32, open the valves V10, V25, V23, V43, open the check valves V33, V36, start the cold water pump 12, the water phase passes through the water supply line, and enters the three-phase mixture of oil, gas and water Device 14. The gas-water two-phase mixture flows into the four-way valve one 15, enters the column from the inner pipe inlet line 31, passes through the four-way valve two 21 from the inner pipe outlet line 34, enters the multi-phase separator 20 through valves V25 and V36, and opens V20 and The back pressure valve 23, after separation, the gas phase is emptied, and the water phase is returned to the water tank to realize the gas-water two-phase flow experiment.
打开阀门V26、V9，开启调节阀V30、V31，打开阀门V10、V25、V23，打开止回阀V34、V36，启动油泵11，油相通过供油线路，进入油气水三相混合器14。以空气作为气源进行实验，打开阀门V2、V4、V5、V7，开启调节阀V27和止回阀V35，空气由空气压缩机1供给，气体缓冲罐2稳定压力，经干燥器3、过滤器8和隔离器5，输送到油气水三相混合器14。油气两相混合物流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36进入多相分离器20，开通V20和背压阀23，分离后气相排空，油相回流至油箱，实现油气两相流动实验。Open the valves V26 and V9, open the regulating valves V30 and V31, open the valves V10, V25 and V23, open the check valves V34 and V36, start the oil pump 11, and the oil phase enters the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 through the oil supply line. Experiment with air as the gas source, open the valves V2, V4, V5, V7, open the regulating valve V27 and the check valve V35, the air is supplied by the air compressor 1, the gas buffer tank 2 stabilizes the pressure, and passes through the dryer 3, the filter 8 and the isolator 5 are delivered to the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14. The oil-gas two-phase mixture flows into the four-way valve one 15, enters the pipe column from the inner pipe inlet pipeline 31, passes through the four-way valve two 21 from the inner pipe outlet pipeline 34, enters the multi-phase separator 20 through valves V25 and V36, and opens V20 and back Pressure valve 23, the gas phase is emptied after separation, and the oil phase is returned to the oil tank to realize the oil-gas two-phase flow experiment.
将上述两相实验中进入内管入口管线31改为环空入口管线32，由环空出口管线33流出，则实现油气水两相环空流动实验。In the above-mentioned two-phase experiment, the inlet pipeline 31 entering the inner pipe is changed to the annulus inlet pipeline 32, and the outlet pipeline 33 flows out of the annulus, so that the oil-gas-water two-phase annulus flow experiment is realized.
3.油气水三相管内或环空流动实验3. Oil-gas-water three-phase pipe or annular flow experiment
打开阀门V17、V44、V8，开启调节阀V28、V32，打开阀门V10、V25、V23、V43，打开止回阀V33、V36，启动冷水泵12，水相通过供水线路，进入油气水三相混合器14。打开阀门V26、V9，开启调节阀V30、V31，打开止回阀V34，启动油泵11，油相通过供油线路，进入油气水三相混合器14。以空气作为气源进行实验，打开阀门V2、V4、V5、V7，开启调节阀V27和止回阀V35，空气由空气压缩机1供给，气体缓冲罐2稳定压力，经干燥器3、过滤器8和隔离器5，输送到油气水三相混合器14。油气水三相混合物通过油气水三相混合器14，流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36进入多相分离系统，开通V20和背压阀23，分离后气相排空，油相和水相分别回流至油箱10和水箱9，实现油气水三相循环流动实验。Open the valves V17, V44, V8, open the regulating valves V28, V32, open the valves V10, V25, V23, V43, open the check valves V33, V36, start the cold water pump 12, the water phase passes through the water supply line, and enters the three-phase mixture of oil, gas and water Device 14. Open the valves V26 and V9, open the regulating valves V30 and V31, open the check valve V34, start the oil pump 11, and the oil phase enters the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 through the oil supply line. Experiment with air as the gas source, open the valves V2, V4, V5, V7, open the regulating valve V27 and the check valve V35, the air is supplied by the air compressor 1, the gas buffer tank 2 stabilizes the pressure, and passes through the dryer 3, the filter 8 and the isolator 5 are delivered to the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14. The oil-gas-water three-phase mixture passes through the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, flows into the four-way valve one 15, enters the pipe string through the inner pipe inlet line 31, passes through the four-way valve two 21 through the inner pipe outlet line 34, and enters through the valves V25 and V36 In the multi-phase separation system, V20 and back pressure valve 23 are opened, the gas phase is emptied after separation, and the oil phase and water phase are respectively returned to the oil tank 10 and water tank 9 to realize the three-phase circulation flow experiment of oil, gas and water.
将上述三相流动实验中进入内管入口管线31改为环空入口管线32，由环空出口管线33流出，则实现油气水两相环空流动实验。In the above-mentioned three-phase flow experiment, the inlet pipeline 31 of the inner pipe is changed to the inlet pipeline 32 of the annulus, and the outlet pipeline 33 flows out of the annulus, so that the oil-gas-water two-phase annulus flow experiment is realized.
4.井筒流动低温冷却传热实验4. Wellbore flow low temperature cooling heat transfer experiment
在深水石油开发中，海水的低温特性会造成井筒中部分井段温度偏低，井筒与海水之间发生传热现象。实验装置可以研究深水情况下受海流影响的井筒内流体的低温传热特性，内管代表与海水接触的隔水管或者钻杆等管路，内管与外管之间的环空内流体模拟深水环境。实验管路最外层包裹保温层，整个实验测量系统可视为绝热过程，符合能量守恒定律。实验时热流体(20-65℃)由带有加热器的水箱或油箱提供，从内管底端注入，可以是气液两相流(进入传热实验段前已充分混合)，由内管顶端排出。冷流体(2-6℃)由带有冷却器的水箱提供，从环空顶端注入且流量可调，环空底端排出回流到水箱。这样就形成一个模拟深水环境的井筒流动低温冷却传热过程。In deep-water oil development, the low-temperature characteristics of seawater will cause the temperature of some well sections in the wellbore to be low, and heat transfer between the wellbore and seawater will occur. The experimental device can study the low-temperature heat transfer characteristics of the fluid in the wellbore affected by the ocean current in deep water. The inner pipe represents the riser or drill pipe in contact with seawater, and the fluid in the annular space between the inner pipe and the outer pipe simulates deep water environment. The outermost layer of the experimental pipeline is wrapped with an insulating layer, and the entire experimental measurement system can be regarded as an adiabatic process, which conforms to the law of energy conservation. During the experiment, the hot fluid (20-65°C) is provided by a water tank or an oil tank with a heater, and is injected from the bottom of the inner tube. Top discharge. The cold fluid (2-6°C) is provided by a water tank with a cooler, injected from the top of the annulus with an adjustable flow rate, and discharged from the bottom of the annulus to return to the water tank. In this way, a wellbore flow low temperature cooling heat transfer process simulating the deep water environment is formed.
水箱9中热水室安装有加热器，将水加热到一定温度，打开阀门V16、V8、V10、V23、V25，开启调节阀V29和止回阀V33、V36，启动热水泵7，热水通过供水线路，流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36进入排出管线，打开调节阀V32和阀门V42，热水回流至水箱热水室，完成热水循环。水箱9冷水室安装有冷却器，将水冷却到一定温度，打开阀门V17、V19、V11，开启调节阀V28，启动冷水泵12，经阀门V19流入四通阀二21，由环空入口管线33流入管柱，环空出口管线32流出管柱，通过四通阀一15，经阀门V11回流至水箱冷水室，完成冷水循环。由此实现热水与冷水单相传热实验。A heater is installed in the hot water chamber in the water tank 9, the water is heated to a certain temperature, the valves V16, V8, V10, V23, V25 are opened, the regulating valve V29 and the check valves V33, V36 are opened, the hot water pump 7 is started, and the hot water passes through The water supply line flows into the four-way valve one 15, enters the pipe column from the inner pipe inlet pipeline 31, passes through the four-way valve two 21 from the inner pipe outlet pipeline 34, enters the discharge pipeline through valves V25 and V36, and opens the regulating valve V32 and valve V42. The hot water returns to the hot water chamber of the water tank to complete the hot water cycle. The cold water chamber of the water tank 9 is equipped with a cooler to cool the water to a certain temperature, open the valves V17, V19, V11, open the regulating valve V28, start the cold water pump 12, flow into the four-way valve 221 through the valve V19, and enter the annulus from the inlet pipeline 33 It flows into the pipe string, the annular space outlet pipeline 32 flows out of the pipe string, passes through the four-way valve one 15, and returns to the cold water chamber of the water tank through the valve V11 to complete the cold water cycle. In this way, the single-phase heat transfer experiment between hot water and cold water is realized.
打开阀门V16、V8、V10、V23、V25，开启调节阀V29和止回阀V33、V36，启动热水泵7，热水通过供水线路，进入油气水三相混合器14。以空气作为气源进行实验，打开阀门V2、V4、V5、V7，开启调节阀V27和止回阀V35，空气由空气压缩机1供给，气体缓冲罐2稳定压力，经干燥器3、过滤器8和隔离器5，输送至油气水三相混合器14。气水混合物在油气水三相混合器14中加热到一定温度，流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36、V23进入多相分离器20，开通V20和背压阀23，气相分离后排空，打开调节阀V32和阀门V42，热水回流至水箱热水室，完成气水混合物循环。打开阀门V17、V19、V11，开启调节阀V28，启动冷水泵12，经阀门V19流入四通阀二21，由环空入口管线33流入管柱，环空出口管线32流出管柱，通过四通阀一15，经阀门V11回流至水箱冷水室，完成冷水循环。由此实现气水混合物与冷水传热实验。Open the valves V16, V8, V10, V23, V25, open the regulating valve V29 and the check valves V33, V36, start the hot water pump 7, and the hot water enters the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14 through the water supply line. Experiment with air as the gas source, open the valves V2, V4, V5, V7, open the regulating valve V27 and the check valve V35, the air is supplied by the air compressor 1, the gas buffer tank 2 stabilizes the pressure, and passes through the dryer 3, the filter 8 and the isolator 5 are sent to the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14. The gas-water mixture is heated to a certain temperature in the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, flows into the four-way valve one 15, enters the pipe column from the inner pipe inlet line 31, passes through the four-way valve two 21 from the inner pipe outlet line 34, and passes through the valve V25 , V36, V23 enter the multi-phase separator 20, open V20 and back pressure valve 23, empty the gas phase after separation, open the regulating valve V32 and valve V42, and return the hot water to the hot water chamber of the water tank to complete the gas-water mixture cycle. Open the valves V17, V19, V11, open the regulating valve V28, start the cold water pump 12, flow into the four-way valve 221 through the valve V19, flow into the pipe string through the annular space inlet pipeline 33, and flow out of the pipe string through the annular space outlet pipeline 32, and pass through the four-way valve Valve one 15 returns to the cold water chamber of the water tank through the valve V11 to complete the cold water cycle. In this way, the heat transfer experiment of gas-water mixture and cold water is realized.
打开阀门V26、V25、V23，开启调节阀V30、V31，打开阀门V9、V10和止回阀V34、V36，启动油泵11，油相通过供油线路，进入油气水三相混合器14。以空气作为气源进行实验，打开阀门V2、V4、V5、V7，开启调节阀V27和止回阀V35，空气由空气压缩机1供给，气体缓冲罐2稳定压力，经干燥器3、过滤器8和隔离器5，输送至油气水三相混合器14。油气混合物在油气水三相混合器14中加热到一定温度，流入四通阀一15，由内管入口管线31进入管柱，由内管出口管线34通过四通阀二21，经阀门V25、V36进入多相分离器20，开通V20和背压阀23，分离后气相排空，油相回流至油箱，完成油气混合物循环。打开阀门V17、V19、V11，开启调节阀V28，启动冷水泵12，经阀门V19流入四通阀二21，由环空入口管线33流入管柱，环空出口管线32流出管柱，通过四通阀一15，经阀门V11回流至水箱冷水室，完成冷水循环。由此实现油气混合物与冷水传热实验。Open the valves V26, V25, V23, open the regulating valves V30, V31, open the valves V9, V10 and check valves V34, V36, start the oil pump 11, and the oil phase enters the oil-air-water three-phase mixer 14 through the oil supply line. Experiment with air as the gas source, open the valves V2, V4, V5, V7, open the regulating valve V27 and the check valve V35, the air is supplied by the air compressor 1, the gas buffer tank 2 stabilizes the pressure, and passes through the dryer 3, the filter 8 and the isolator 5 are sent to the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14. The oil-gas mixture is heated to a certain temperature in the oil-gas-water three-phase mixer 14, flows into the four-way valve one 15, enters the pipe string from the inner pipe inlet line 31, passes through the four-way valve two 21 from the inner pipe outlet line 34, and passes through the valve V25, V36 enters the multi-phase separator 20, opens V20 and the back pressure valve 23, after separation, the gas phase is emptied, and the oil phase returns to the oil tank to complete the circulation of the oil-gas mixture. Open the valves V17, V19, V11, open the regulating valve V28, start the cold water pump 12, flow into the four-way valve 221 through the valve V19, flow into the pipe string through the annular space inlet pipeline 33, and flow out of the pipe string through the annular space outlet pipeline 32, and pass through the four-way valve Valve one 15 returns to the cold water chamber of the water tank through the valve V11 to complete the cold water cycle. In this way, the heat transfer experiment between oil-gas mixture and cold water is realized.
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| CN201410461202.6ACN104234708B (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | A kind of multi-functional pit shaft oil gas water multiphase analogue experiment installation |
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