技术领域technical field
背景技术Background technique
对个人健康的新近消费者关注已导致在市场上提供多种个人健康监视装置。直到近来，此些装置往往使用起来复杂且通常经设计用于一个活动，例如自行车旅行计算机。Recent consumer concerns about personal health have resulted in a variety of personal health monitoring devices being offered on the market. Until recently, such devices tended to be complicated to use and were usually designed for one activity, such as bicycle touring computers.
传感器、电子器件及电源小型化之新近进展已允许个人健康监视装置(在本文中还称为“生物计量跟踪”或“生物计量监视”装置)的大小以先前不切实际的极小大小来提供。举例来说，Fitbit Ultra为约2英寸长、0.75英寸宽及0.5英寸深的生物计量监视装置；其具有封装在此小容积内的像素化显示器、电池、传感器、无线通信能力、电源及接口按钮，以及用于将所述装置附接到口袋或衣服的其它部分的集成夹片。Recent advances in the miniaturization of sensors, electronics, and power supplies have allowed the size of personal health monitoring devices (also referred to herein as "biometric tracking" or "biometric monitoring" devices) to provide . For example, the Fitbit Ultra is a biometric monitoring device approximately 2 inches long, 0.75 inches wide, and 0.5 inches deep; it has a pixelated display, battery, sensors, wireless communication capabilities, power and interface buttons packed into this small volume , and an integrated clip for attaching the device to a pocket or other part of clothing.
本发明提供用于以具能量效益的方式基于用户运动及皮肤接近度激活HR监视器的方法及装置。本发明还提供操作心率监视器的LED及光检测器以获得针对例如肤色等不同用户特性而制订的心率的准确读取的方法。The present invention provides methods and devices for activating HR monitors based on user motion and skin proximity in an energy efficient manner. The present invention also provides methods of operating the LEDs and light detectors of a heart rate monitor to obtain accurate readings of heart rate tailored to different user characteristics such as skin color.
发明内容Contents of the invention
在附图及下文描述中阐述本说明书中描述的标的物的一或多个实施方案的细节。其它特征、方面及优点将自所述描述、图式及权利要求书而变得显而易见。注意，下图的相对尺寸可能并非按比例绘制，除非明确指示为按比例缩放的图式。Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will be apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale unless expressly indicated as scaled figures.
本发明的一些实施例提供一种操作可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器的方法，所述可佩戴健身监视装置具有包含所述心率监视器的多个传感器。所述方法涉及：(a)在第一模式中操作所述心率监视器，同时还在经配置以检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置到用户的皮肤的紧密接近度的第二模式中操作，其中所述第一模式经配置以确定当所述可佩戴健身监视装置紧密接近于所述用户时用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性；(b)从所述第二模式中收集的信息，确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤；以及(c)响应于确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤，结束所述心率监视器在所述第一模式中的操作。在一些实施例中，所述心率监视器为光学心率监视器。在一些实施例中，所述心率监视 器包含光电容积传感器。在一些实施例中，所述用户的心跳波形的所述一或多个特性包含所述用户的心率。Some embodiments of the invention provide a method of operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device having a plurality of sensors comprising the heart rate monitor. The method involves: (a) operating the heart rate monitor in a first mode while also operating in a second mode configured to detect close proximity of the wearable fitness monitoring device to a user's skin, wherein The first mode is configured to determine one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform of a user when the wearable fitness monitoring device is in close proximity to the user; (b) from information collected in the second mode, determine the heart rate monitor is not proximate to the user's skin; and (c) in response to determining that the heart rate monitor is not proximate to the user's skin, ending operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode . In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is an optical heart rate monitor. In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor includes a photocapacitive volume sensor. In some embodiments, the one or more characteristics of the user's heartbeat waveform include the user's heart rate.
在一些实施例中，上文操作(a)涉及周期性地在所述第二模式中操作所述心率监视器，同时持续地在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器。在一些实施例中，操作(a)涉及在所述第二模式中操作所述心率监视器的出现时间不超过约50％。In some embodiments, operation (a) above involves periodically operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode while continuously operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode. In some embodiments, operation (a) involves operating said heart rate monitor in said second mode for no more than about 50% of the time.
在一些实施例中，在所述第二模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及使所述心率监视器中的光源以第二模式频率脉动，且以所述所述第二模式频率检测来自所述光源的光；且在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及使所述心率监视器中的光源以第一模式频率脉动，且以所述所述第一模式频率检测来自所述光源的光。在一些实施例中，所述第二模式频率大于所述第一模式频率。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode involves pulsating a light source in the heart rate monitor at a second mode frequency, and detecting signals from the heart rate monitor at the second mode frequency. light from a light source; and operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode involves pulsating a light source in the heart rate monitor at a first mode frequency, and detecting light from the light source at the first mode frequency of light. In some embodiments, the second mode frequency is greater than the first mode frequency.
在一些实施例中，在所述第二模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及使所述心脏监视器中的光源以第二频率脉动；以所述第二频率检测来自所述光源的光；以及确定以所述第二频率检测的所述光是否具有指示来自所述光源的所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互的强度及/或模式。在一些实施例中，所述使所述第二模式源中的所述光脉动涉及发出一连串光脉冲，一些具有可变强度，且其它具有恒定强度。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode involves pulsating a light source in the heart monitor at a second frequency; detecting light from the light source at the second frequency; and It is determined whether the light detected at the second frequency has an intensity and/or pattern indicating that the light from the light source has interacted with the user's skin. In some embodiments, said pulsing said light in said second mode source involves emitting a series of light pulses, some with variable intensity and others with constant intensity.
在一些实施例中，在所述第二模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及：发出具有可变强度的一连串光脉冲；以及确定对应于所述连串光脉冲的所检测光是否具有对应于所述光脉冲的所述可变强度的可变响应。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode involves: emitting a train of light pulses of variable intensity; and determining whether the detected light corresponding to the train of light pulses has an intensity corresponding to the A variable response to said variable intensity of said light pulses.
在一些实施例中，所揭示的用于操作所述心率监视器的方法进一步涉及以皮肤表征模式操作所述心率监视器，所述皮肤表征模式经配置以确定用于在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器的至少一个设定。在所述皮肤表征模式中操作涉及：(i)通过发出具有可变强度的一连串光脉冲而使所述心脏监视器中的光源脉动；(ii)检测在所述脉动光已与所述用户的皮肤交互之后的光的强度、强度变化及/或强度模式；以及(iii)从(ii)中检测到的所述强度、强度变化及/或强度模式确定所述用户的皮肤的响应特性。在一些实施例中，所述方法进一步涉及使用所述用户的皮肤的所述响应特性调整所述心率监视器的增益及/或发光强度用于在所述第一模式中操作。在一些实施例中，所述响应特性取决于所述用户的皮肤的不透明度。在一些实施例中，来自(i)的具有可变强度的所发出的所述连串光脉冲用于所述第二模式以及所述皮肤表征模式中。在一些实施例中，在所述皮肤表征模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及周期性地在所述皮肤表征模式中操作所述心率监视器，同时持续地在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器。In some embodiments, the disclosed method for operating the heart rate monitor further involves operating the heart rate monitor in a skin characterization mode configured to determine the Manipulating at least one setting of the heart rate monitor. Operating in the skin characterization mode involves: (i) pulsating a light source in the heart monitor by emitting a series of light pulses of variable intensity; (ii) detecting when the pulsating light has interacted with the user's the intensity, intensity change and/or intensity pattern of the light after the skin interaction; and (iii) determining the response characteristics of the user's skin from the intensity, intensity change and/or intensity pattern detected in (ii). In some embodiments, the method further involves adjusting a gain and/or luminous intensity of the heart rate monitor for operating in the first mode using the responsive characteristic of the user's skin. In some embodiments, the response characteristic is dependent on the opacity of the user's skin. In some embodiments, said emitted train of light pulses from (i) having variable intensity is used in said second mode as well as said skin-characterization mode. In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the skin characterization mode involves periodically operating the heart rate monitor in the skin characterization mode while continuously operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode. heart rate monitor.
在一些实施例中，所述装置的所述多个传感器包含运动检测传感器。在一些实施例 中，所述运动检测传感器包含加速度计、磁力计、高度计、GPS检测器，或这些传感器中的任一者的组合。在一些实施例中，用于操作心率监视器的所揭示方法涉及：从所述运动检测传感器所输出的信息确定所述可佩戴健身监视装置已安静达至少所界定周期；以及响应于检测到所述可佩戴健身监视装置已安静达至少所界定周期，执行上文所描述的操作(c)。In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors of the device include motion detection sensors. In some embodiments, the motion detection sensors include accelerometers, magnetometers, altimeters, GPS detectors, or a combination of any of these sensors. In some embodiments, a disclosed method for operating a heart rate monitor involves: determining from information output by the motion detection sensor that the wearable fitness monitoring device has been quiet for at least a defined period; If the wearable fitness monitoring device has been quiet for at least the defined period, perform operation (c) described above.
在一些实施例中，所述用于操作心率监视器的方法进一步涉及在(a)之前在所述第一模式不操作时：(i)使用运动检测传感器检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置的运动及/或通过在第三模式中操作所述心率监视器而检测所述心率监视器到所述用户的皮肤的接近度；以及(ii)当确定所述可佩戴健身监视装置紧密接近于所述用户时，起始所述心率监视器的所述第一模式的操作。In some embodiments, the method for operating a heart rate monitor further involves, when not operating in the first mode, prior to (a): (i) detecting motion of the wearable fitness monitoring device using a motion detection sensor and/or detecting proximity of the heart rate monitor to the user's skin by operating the heart rate monitor in a third mode; and (ii) when the wearable fitness monitoring device is determined to be in close proximity to the The user initiates the first mode of operation of the heart rate monitor.
上述实施例涉及在未佩戴状态中检测所述装置，而随后实施例涉及在佩戴状态中检测所述装置。The above-described embodiments relate to detecting the device in the unworn state, whereas subsequent embodiments relate to detecting the device in the worn state.
一些实施例提供一种操作可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器的方法，所述可佩戴健身监视装置具有包含所述心率监视器及运动检测传感器的多个传感器。所述方法涉及：(a)使用所述运动检测传感器检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置的运动；(b)响应于在(a)中检测到所述运动，在经配置以检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置到用户的皮肤的紧密接近度的佩戴检测模式中操作所述心率监视器；以及(c)在经由所述佩戴检测模式确定所述可佩戴健身监视装置接近于所述用户的皮肤之后，即刻在经配置以确定所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性的第一模式中操作所述心率监视器。在一些实施例中，所述佩戴检测模式的出现时间不超过约50％。在一些实施例中，当所述心率监视器不操作或在低功率模式中操作时，执行(a)。在一些实施例中，操作(a)涉及检测来自所述运动检测传感器的输出，其中所述输出超过所界定阈值。Some embodiments provide a method of operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device having a plurality of sensors including the heart rate monitor and a motion detection sensor. The method involves: (a) detecting motion of the wearable fitness monitoring device using the motion detection sensor; (b) responsive to detecting the motion in (a), when configured to detect motion of the wearable fitness monitoring device; operating the heart rate monitor in a wear detection mode of close proximity of a fitness monitoring device to a user's skin; and (c) after determining via the wear detection mode that the wearable fitness monitoring device is in proximity to the user's skin , momentarily operating the heart rate monitor in a first mode configured to determine one or more characteristics of the user's heartbeat waveform. In some embodiments, the wear detection mode occurs no more than about 50% of the time. In some embodiments, (a) is performed when the heart rate monitor is not operating or operating in a low power mode. In some embodiments, operation (a) involves detecting an output from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output exceeds a defined threshold.
在一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包含在(a)之前：(i)在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器，同时还在经配置以检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置到用户的皮肤的紧密接近度的第二模式中操作；(ii)从所述第二模式中收集的信息，确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤；以及(iii)响应于确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤，结束所述心率监视器在所述第一模式中的操作。In some embodiments, the method further comprises prior to (a): (i) operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode while also being configured to detect the wearable fitness monitoring device to a user operating in a second mode of close proximity to the user's skin; (ii) determining from information collected in the second mode that the heart rate monitor is not in close proximity to the user's skin; and (iii) in response to determining that the the heart rate monitor is not proximate to the user's skin, ending operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode.
在一些实施例中，在所述佩戴检测模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及使所述心率监视器中的光源以佩戴检测模式频率脉动，以及以所述佩戴检测模式频率检测来自所述光源的光。在一些实施例中，在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及使所述心率监视器中的所述光源以第一模式频率脉动，以及以所述第一模式频率检测来自所述光源的光。 在一些实施例中，所述佩戴检测模式频率大于所述第一模式频率。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the wear detection mode involves pulsating a light source in the heart rate monitor at the wear detection mode frequency, and detecting pulses from the light source at the wear detection mode frequency. Light. In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode involves pulsating the light source in the heart rate monitor at a first mode frequency, and detecting light source of light. In some embodiments, the wearing detection mode frequency is greater than the first mode frequency.
在一些实施例中，在所述佩戴检测模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及：从具有第二频率及/或阶段的所述心率监视器中的光源发出光脉冲；检测来自处于所述第二频率及/或阶段的所述光源的光；以及确定在所述第二频率及/或阶段下检测到的所述光是否具有指示来自所述光源的所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互的强度及/或模式。在一些实施例中，从所述光源发出光脉冲涉及发出具有可变强度的一连串光脉冲。在一些实施例中，所述连串光脉冲中的第一者具有比所述连串光脉冲中的第二者大至少5倍的强度。在一些实施例中，所述连串光脉冲包含具有在与浅色皮肤交互时提供可变响应的强度的第一组脉冲，且所述连串光脉冲还包含在与深色皮肤交互时提供可变响应的强度的第二组脉冲。在一些实施例中，在所述佩戴检测模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及：发出具有可变强度的一连串光脉冲；以及确定对应于所述连串光脉冲的所检测光是否具有对应于所述光脉冲的所述可变强度的可变响应。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the wear detection mode involves: emitting light pulses from a light source in the heart rate monitor having a second frequency and/or phase; frequency and/or phase of the light from the light source; and determining whether the light detected at the second frequency and/or phase has a characteristic indicating that the light from the light source has interacted with the user's skin intensity and/or mode. In some embodiments, emitting pulses of light from the light source involves emitting a series of pulses of light with variable intensity. In some embodiments, a first of the series of light pulses has an intensity that is at least 5 times greater than a second of the series of light pulses. In some embodiments, the train of light pulses includes a first set of pulses having an intensity that provides a variable response when interacting with light-colored skin, and the train of light pulses further includes providing a first set of pulses when interacting with darker-colored skin. The intensity of the variable response to the second set of pulses. In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the wear detection mode involves: emitting a train of light pulses of variable intensity; and determining whether the detected light corresponding to the train of light pulses has an intensity corresponding to the A variable response to said variable intensity of said light pulses.
在一些实施例中，所述操作可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器的方法进一步涉及：从所述运动检测传感器所输出的信息确定所述可佩戴健身监视装置已安静达至少所界定周期；以及响应于检测到所述可佩戴健身监视装置已安静达至少所界定周期，对所述装置断电。In some embodiments, the method of operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device further involves: determining from information output by the motion detection sensor that the wearable fitness monitoring device has been quiet for at least a defined period; and In response to detecting that the wearable fitness monitoring device has been quiet for at least a defined period, powering down the device.
本发明的一些实施例提供用于确定佩戴健身监视装置的用户的皮肤特性的方法。一些实施例提供用于调整所述健身监视装置的心率监视器的操作的方法。一些实施例提供一种操作可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器以调整操作所述心率监视器的至少一个设定的方法。所述心率监视器的操作涉及：(a)在皮肤表征模式中通过发出一连串光脉冲而使所述心脏监视器中的光源脉动，所述光脉冲至少一些具有相对于彼此的可变强度；(b)检测在所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互之后来自在所述皮肤表征模式中发出的所述光脉冲的光的强度变化；(c)从(b)中检测到的光的所述强度变化确定所述用户的皮肤的响应特性；以及(d)使用所述用户的皮肤的所述响应特性调整在用于检测所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性的第一模式中操作的所述心率监视器的增益及/或光发射强度。Some embodiments of the invention provide methods for determining skin characteristics of a user wearing a fitness monitoring device. Some embodiments provide a method for adjusting the operation of a heart rate monitor of the fitness monitoring device. Some embodiments provide a method of operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to adjust at least one setting for operating the heart rate monitor. Operation of the heart rate monitor involves: (a) pulsating a light source in the heart monitor in a skin characterization mode by emitting a series of light pulses, at least some of which have variable intensities relative to each other; ( b) detecting changes in the intensity of light from said light pulses emitted in said skin characterization mode after said light has interacted with said user's skin; (c) all changes in the light detected from (b); said change in intensity determines a response characteristic of said user's skin; and (d) using said response characteristic of said user's skin to adjust in a first mode for detecting one or more characteristics of said user's heartbeat waveform The gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor is operated.
在所述方法的一些实施例中，所述响应特性取决于所述用户的皮肤的不透明度。在一些实施例中，在所述第一模式中操作及在所述皮肤表征模式中操作是同时执行。在一些实施例中，同时在所述第一模式中操作及在所述皮肤表征模式中操作涉及周期性地确定所述用户的皮肤的响应特性，同时持续地在所述第一模式中操作。在一些实施例中，所述皮肤表征模式的出现时间不超过约50％。In some embodiments of the method, the response characteristic is dependent on the opacity of the user's skin. In some embodiments, operating in said first mode and operating in said skin characterization mode are performed simultaneously. In some embodiments, simultaneously operating in the first mode and operating in the skin characterization mode involves periodically determining a response characteristic of the user's skin while continuously operating in the first mode. In some embodiments, the skin characterization pattern is present no more than about 50% of the time.
在一些实施例中，在所述第一模式中操作涉及使所述心率监视器中的所述光源以第 一频率脉动，以及在所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互之后以所述第一频率检测来自所述光源的光。在一些实施例中，在所述皮肤表征模式中操作涉及使所述心率监视器中的所述光源以第二频率脉动，以及以所述第二频率检测来自所述光源的光。在一些实施例中，所述第二频率大于所述第一频率。In some embodiments, operating in the first mode involves pulsing the light source in the heart rate monitor at a first frequency, and after the light has interacted with the user's skin at the second frequency. A frequency detects light from the light source. In some embodiments, operating in the skin characterization mode involves pulsating the light source in the heart rate monitor at a second frequency, and detecting light from the light source at the second frequency. In some embodiments, the second frequency is greater than the first frequency.
在一些实施例中，确定所述用户的皮肤的所述响应特性的操作涉及确定以所述第二频率检测到的两个或两个以上光脉冲的强度水平及/或模式。在一些实施例中，所述连串光脉冲包含具有可变强度的一些光脉冲及具有恒定强度的其它光脉冲。In some embodiments, determining the response characteristic of the user's skin involves determining an intensity level and/or pattern of two or more light pulses detected at the second frequency. In some embodiments, the train of light pulses includes some light pulses of variable intensity and other light pulses of constant intensity.
在一些实施例中，所述连串光脉冲包含具有可变强度的至少两个光脉冲。在一些实施例中，所述连串光脉冲包含具有可变强度的至少四个光脉冲。在一些实施例中，在所述皮肤表征模式中发出的所述连串光脉冲包含具有可变强度的至少两个光脉冲。在(c)中确定所述用户的皮肤的响应特性的所述操作涉及确定来自在(b)中检测到的所述光脉冲的光的强度变化的函数或特性。所述强度变化的函数或特性为用以调整在第一模式中操作的所述心率监视器的增益及/或光发射强度的所述用户的皮肤的所述响应特性。In some embodiments, the train of light pulses comprises at least two light pulses of variable intensity. In some embodiments, the train of light pulses comprises at least four light pulses of variable intensity. In some embodiments, said train of light pulses emitted in said skin-characterization mode comprises at least two light pulses of variable intensity. Said operation of determining a response characteristic of said user's skin in (c) involves determining a function or characteristic of a change in intensity of light from said light pulse detected in (b). The function or characteristic of the intensity change is the response characteristic of the user's skin used to adjust the gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor operating in the first mode.
在一些实施例中，确定所述函数或特性涉及从(b)中检测到的所述光脉冲确定光的强度变化的斜率。In some embodiments, determining said function or characteristic involves determining a slope of a change in intensity of light from said light pulses detected in (b).
在一些实施例中，调整所述心率监视器的增益及/或光发射强度用于在所述第一模式中操作涉及减小发射强度。In some embodiments, adjusting the gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor for operating in the first mode involves reducing emission intensity.
在一些实施例中，所述可佩戴健身监视装置包含运动检测传感器。在一些实施例中，所述运动检测传感器包含加速度计、磁力计、高度计、GPS检测器、陀螺仪，或这些传感器中的任一者的组合。In some embodiments, the wearable fitness monitoring device includes a motion detection sensor. In some embodiments, the motion detection sensors include accelerometers, magnetometers, altimeters, GPS detectors, gyroscopes, or a combination of any of these sensors.
一些实施例提供一种操作可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器的方法，所述心率监视器具有光源及光检测器。所述方法涉及基于用户的皮肤特性调整所述心率监视器的操作以改善性能。所述方法涉及：(a)在第一模式中操作所述心率监视器同时还在用于确定用户的皮肤的特性的皮肤表征模式中操作。所述第一模式经配置以确定所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性。所述皮肤表征模式操作涉及产生表示来自所述光源的发射强度及来自所述光检测器的对应检测水平的数据点。所述方法进一步涉及：(b)将所述皮肤表征模式的所述数据点拟合到使光源发射强度与光检测器检测水平相关的数学关系；(c)使用所述数学关系确定提供识别为提供良好心率监视器性能的预定光检测器检测水平的光源发射强度设定；以及(d)将所述光源发射强度调整到(c)中所确定的所述设定用于在所述第一模式中操作。Some embodiments provide a method of operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device having a light source and a light detector. The method involves adjusting the operation of the heart rate monitor to improve performance based on a user's skin characteristics. The method involves: (a) operating the heart rate monitor in a first mode while also operating in a skin characterization mode for determining a characteristic of the user's skin. The first mode is configured to determine one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform of the user. The skin characterization mode of operation involves generating data points representing emission intensities from the light sources and corresponding detection levels from the light detectors. The method further involves: (b) fitting said data points of said skin characterization pattern to a mathematical relationship relating light source emission intensity to photodetector detection level; (c) using said mathematical relationship to determine a light source emission intensity setting that provides a predetermined photodetector detection level for good heart rate monitor performance; and (d) adjusting said light source emission intensity to said setting determined in (c) for use in said first mode to operate.
在一些实施例中，所述数学关系为线性的。在一些实施例中，所述预定光检测器检测水平先前确定为具有高信噪比。在一些实施例中，所述方法进一步涉及在(b)之前，确定拟合表示来自所述光源的发射强度及来自所述光检测器的对应检测水平的所述数据点的线的斜率；以及基于所述所确定的斜率及发射强度水平的预设值而设定用于在所述第一模式中操作的所述光源发射强度。In some embodiments, the mathematical relationship is linear. In some embodiments, the predetermined photodetector detection level was previously determined to have a high signal-to-noise ratio. In some embodiments, the method further involves, prior to (b), determining the slope of a line fitted to the data points representing emission intensities from the light source and corresponding detection levels from the light detectors; and An emission intensity of the light source for operation in the first mode is set based on the determined slope and a preset value of an emission intensity level.
在一些实施例中，所述第一模式与所述皮肤表征模式同时执行。在一些实施例中，同时在所述第一模式中操作及在所述皮肤表征模式中操作涉及周期性地确定所述用户的皮肤的响应特性，同时持续地在所述第一模式中操作。在一些实施例中，所述皮肤表征模式的出现时间不超过约50％。In some embodiments, the first mode is performed concurrently with the skin characterization mode. In some embodiments, simultaneously operating in the first mode and operating in the skin characterization mode involves periodically determining a response characteristic of the user's skin while continuously operating in the first mode. In some embodiments, the skin characterization pattern is present no more than about 50% of the time.
在一些实施例中，在所述第一模式中操作涉及使所述心率监视器中的所述光源以第一频率脉动，以及在所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互之后以所述第一频率检测来自所述光源的光。在一些实施例中，在所述皮肤表征模式中操作涉及使所述心率监视器中的所述光源以第二频率脉动，以及在所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互之后以所述第二频率检测来自所述光源的光。在一些实施例中，所述第二频率大于所述第一频率。In some embodiments, operating in the first mode involves pulsing the light source in the heart rate monitor at a first frequency, and after the light has interacted with the user's skin at the second frequency. A frequency detects light from the light source. In some embodiments, operating in the skin characterization mode involves pulsating the light source in the heart rate monitor at a second frequency, and after the light has interacted with the user's skin at the first frequency. Two frequencies detect light from the light source. In some embodiments, the second frequency is greater than the first frequency.
在一些实施例中，在所述皮肤表征模式中操作进一步涉及在所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互之后确定以所述第二频率检测的两个或两个以上光脉冲的强度水平及/或模式。In some embodiments, operating in the skin characterization mode further involves determining the intensity level of two or more light pulses detected at the second frequency after the light has interacted with the user's skin and / or pattern.
在一些实施例中，在所述皮肤表征模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及发出一连串光脉冲，且其中所述光脉冲中的一些具有可变强度，且其它光脉冲具有与彼此相比恒定的强度。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the skin characterization mode involves emitting a train of light pulses, and wherein some of the light pulses have variable intensity and others have a constant intensity compared to each other. strength.
在一些实施例中，在所述皮肤表征模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及发出一连串光脉冲。在一些实施例中，所述光脉冲中的至少两者具有与彼此相比可变的强度。在一些实施例中，所述光脉冲中的至少四者具有与彼此相比可变的强度。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the skin characterization mode involves emitting a train of light pulses. In some embodiments, at least two of said light pulses have variable intensities compared to each other. In some embodiments, at least four of said light pulses have variable intensities compared to each other.
本发明的一些实施例提供一种具有运动传感器的可佩戴健身监视装置，所述运动传感器经配置以提供对应于佩戴所述健身监视装置及光电容积(PPG)传感器的用户的运动的输出。所述PPG传感器包含：(i)周期性光源；(ii)光检测器，其经定位以接收由所述周期性光源与用户的皮肤交互之后发出的周期性光；以及(iii)从所述光检测器的输出确定用户的心率的电路。在一些实施例中，所述周期性光源包含骑跨所述光检测器的两个周期性光源。在一些实施例中，所述光电容积传感器进一步包含具有凹部的外壳，所述光检测器安置在所述凹部中。在一些实施例中，所述光电容积传感器的所述外壳进一步包含第二凹座，所述周期性光源安置在所述第二凹座中。在一些实施例中，所述光电容积传感器的所述外壳突出于所述可佩戴健身监视装置的底表面之上至少约1mm且经配置以在佩戴时压抵所述用户的皮肤。Some embodiments of the invention provide a wearable fitness monitoring device having a motion sensor configured to provide an output corresponding to the motion of a user wearing the fitness monitoring device and a photoelectric volumetric (PPG) sensor. The PPG sensor includes: (i) a periodic light source; (ii) a light detector positioned to receive periodic light emitted by the periodic light source upon interaction with the user's skin; The output of the light detector is used by the circuit to determine the user's heart rate. In some embodiments, the periodic light source comprises two periodic light sources straddling the photodetector. In some embodiments, the photocapacitive volumetric sensor further includes a housing having a recess in which the photodetector is disposed. In some embodiments, the housing of the photocapacitance sensor further includes a second recess in which the periodic light source is disposed. In some embodiments, the housing of the photocapacitance sensor protrudes at least about 1 mm above a bottom surface of the wearable fitness monitoring device and is configured to press against the user's skin when worn.
在一些实施例中，所述光电容积传感器进一步包含经配置以在所述突出外壳压抵所述用户的皮肤时抵抗压缩的弹簧。在一些实施例中，所述光电容积传感器进一步包含在所述光检测器及所述周期性光源之上的IML膜。在一些实施例中，其中所述PPG传感器的所述周期性光源为LED。In some embodiments, the photocapacitive volume sensor further includes a spring configured to resist compression when the protruding housing is pressed against the user's skin. In some embodiments, the photocapacitive volume sensor further includes an IML film over the photodetector and the periodic light source. In some embodiments, the periodic light source of the PPG sensor is an LED.
本发明的一些实施例提供一种可佩戴健身监视装置，其具有运动传感器、PPG传感器及控制逻辑。所述PPG传感器包含：(i)周期性光源；(ii)光检测器，其经定位以在与用户的皮肤交互之后接收由所述周期性光源发出的周期性光；以及(iii)从所述光检测器的输出确定用户的心率的电路。所述控制逻辑经配置以：(a)在第一模式中操作所述心率监视器，同时还在经配置以检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置到用户的皮肤的紧密接近度的第二模式中操作，其中所述第一模式经配置以确定当所述可佩戴健身监视装置紧密接近于所述用户时用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性；(b)从所述第二模式中收集的信息，确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤；以及(c)响应于确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤，结束所述心率监视器在所述第一模式中的操作。在一些实施例中，在所述第二模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及使所述心率监视器中的光源以第二模式频率脉动，以及以所述第二模式频率检测来自所述光源的光。在一些实施例中，在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及使所述心率监视器中的所述光源以第一模式频率脉动，以及以所述第一模式频率检测来自所述光源的光。Some embodiments of the invention provide a wearable fitness monitoring device having a motion sensor, a PPG sensor, and control logic. The PPG sensor comprises: (i) a periodic light source; (ii) a light detector positioned to receive the periodic light emitted by the periodic light source after interaction with the user's skin; The output of the light detector described above determines the user's heart rate circuit. The control logic is configured to: (a) operate the heart rate monitor in a first mode while also in a second mode configured to detect close proximity of the wearable fitness monitoring device to a user's skin operation, wherein the first mode is configured to determine one or more characteristics of a user's heartbeat waveform when the wearable fitness monitoring device is in close proximity to the user; (b) collected from the second mode information, determining that the heart rate monitor is not close to the user's skin; and (c) in response to determining that the heart rate monitor is not close to the user's skin, ending the heart rate monitor in the first mode operations in . In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode involves pulsating a light source in the heart rate monitor at a second mode frequency, and detecting pulses from the light source at the second mode frequency. Light. In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode involves pulsating the light source in the heart rate monitor at a first mode frequency, and detecting light source of light.
在一些实施例中，所述可佩戴健身监视装置的所述控制逻辑经配置以：(a)使用所述运动检测传感器检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置的运动；(b)响应于在(a)中检测到所述运动，在经配置以检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置到用户的皮肤的紧密接近度的佩戴检测模式中操作所述心率监视器；以及(c)在经由所述佩戴检测模式确定所述可佩戴健身监视装置接近于所述用户的皮肤之后，即刻在经配置以确定所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性的第一模式中操作所述心率监视器。In some embodiments, the control logic of the wearable fitness monitoring device is configured to: (a) detect motion of the wearable fitness monitoring device using the motion detection sensor; (b) respond to ), the motion is detected in ), operating the heart rate monitor in a wear detection mode configured to detect close proximity of the wearable fitness monitoring device to the user's skin; Mode Upon determining that the wearable fitness monitoring device is in proximity to the user's skin, the heart rate monitor is operated in a first mode configured to determine one or more characteristics of the user's heartbeat waveform.
在其它实施例中，所述可佩戴健身监视装置的所述控制逻辑经配置以：(a)在皮肤表征模式中通过发出一连串光脉冲而使所述心脏监视器中的光源脉动，所述光脉冲至少一些具有相对于彼此的可变强度；(b)检测在所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互之后来自在所述皮肤表征模式中发出的所述光脉冲的光的强度变化；(c)从(b)中检测到的光的所述强度变化确定所述用户的皮肤的响应特性；以及(d)使用所述用户的皮肤的所述响应特性调整在用于检测所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性的第一模式中操作的所述心率监视器的增益及/或光发射强度。In other embodiments, the control logic of the wearable fitness monitoring device is configured to: (a) pulse a light source in the heart monitor in skin characterization mode by emitting a series of pulses of light, the light at least some of the pulses have variable intensity relative to each other; (b) detecting a change in intensity of light from said light pulses emitted in said skin-characterization mode after said light has interacted with said user's skin; ( c) determining a response characteristic of the user's skin from the change in intensity of the light detected in (b); and (d) using the response characteristic of the user's skin to adjust the The gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor operating in the first mode of one or more characteristics of the heartbeat waveform.
在另外的实施例中，所述可佩戴健身监视装置的控制逻辑经配置以：(a)在第一模式 中操作所述心率监视器，同时还在用于确定用户的皮肤的特性的皮肤表征模式中操作。所述第一模式经配置以确定所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性，且所述皮肤表征模式涉及产生表示来自所述光源的发射强度及来自所述光检测器的对应检测水平。所述控制逻辑进一步经配置以：(b)将所述皮肤表征模式的所述数据点拟合到使光源发射强度与光检测器检测水平相关的数学关系；(c)使用所述数学关系确定提供识别为提供良好心率监视器性能的预定光检测器检测水平的光源发射强度设定；以及(d)将所述光源发射强度调整到(c)中所确定的所述设定用于在所述第一模式中操作。In further embodiments, the control logic of the wearable fitness monitoring device is configured to: (a) operate the heart rate monitor in a first mode while also using a skin characterization for determining a characteristic of the user's skin mode to operate. The first mode is configured to determine one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform of the user, and the skin characterization mode involves generating a representation of emission intensity from the light source and a corresponding detection level from the light detector. The control logic is further configured to: (b) fit the data points of the skin characterization pattern to a mathematical relationship relating light source emission intensity to photodetector detection level; (c) use the mathematical relationship to determine providing a light source emission intensity setting identified as a predetermined photodetector detection level that provides good heart rate monitor performance; and (d) adjusting said light source emission intensity to said setting determined in (c) for use in said operate in the first mode described above.
附图说明Description of drawings
本文所揭示的各种实施方案在附图的图中作为实例而非限制来加以说明，在附图中，相似参考数字可指代类似元件。Various implementations disclosed herein are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the drawings, where like reference numerals may refer to like elements.
图1说明实现经由用户接口的用户交互的实例便携式监视装置。1 illustrates an example portable monitoring device that enables user interaction via a user interface.
图2A说明可经由使用带子而紧固到用户的实例便携式监视装置。2A illustrates an example portable monitoring device that may be fastened to a user via the use of straps.
图2B提供图2A的实例便携式监视装置的视图，其展示所述装置的面向皮肤的部分。2B provides a view of the example portable monitoring device of FIG. 2A showing a skin-facing portion of the device.
图2C提供图2A的便携式监视装置的横截面图。Figure 2C provides a cross-sectional view of the portable monitoring device of Figure 2A.
图3A提供实例便携式监视装置的传感器突起的横截面图。3A provides a cross-sectional view of a sensor protrusion of an example portable monitoring device.
图3B描绘实例便携式监视装置的传感器突起的横截面图；此突起类似于图3A中所呈现的突起，只是光源及光电检测器放置在平坦及/或硬质的PCB上。3B depicts a cross-sectional view of a sensor protrusion of an example portable monitoring device; this protrusion is similar to that presented in FIG. 3A except that the light source and photodetector are placed on a flat and/or rigid PCB.
图3C提供实例PPG传感器实施方案的另一横截面图。Figure 3C provides another cross-sectional view of an example PPG sensor embodiment.
图4A说明一个潜在PPG光源及光电检测器几何形状的实例。Figure 4A illustrates an example of a potential PPG light source and photodetector geometry.
图4B及4C说明具有光电检测器及两个LED光源的PPG传感器的实例。4B and 4C illustrate an example of a PPG sensor with a photodetector and two LED light sources.
图5说明具有突起的经优化PPG检测器的实例，所述突起具有弯曲侧面以免使用户感到不适。Figure 5 illustrates an example of an optimized PPG detector with a protrusion with curved sides to avoid discomfort to the user.
图6A说明具有带子的便携式监视装置的实例；光学传感器及光发射器可放置在所述带子上。6A illustrates an example of a portable monitoring device with a strap; optical sensors and light emitters can be placed on the strap.
图6B说明具有显示器及腕带的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。此外，光学PPG(例如，心率)检测传感器及/或发射器可位于生物计量监视装置的侧面上。在一个实施例中，这些各者可位于侧面安装式按钮中。6B illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device with a display and wristband. Additionally, an optical PPG (eg, heart rate) detection sensor and/or transmitter may be located on the side of the biometric monitoring device. In one embodiment, each of these may be located in a side mounted button.
图7描绘用户按压便携式生物计量监视装置的侧面以从侧面安装式光学心率检测传感器进行心率测量。生物计量监视装置的显示器可展示是否已检测到心率及/或显示用户的心率。7 depicts a user pressing the side of a portable biometric monitoring device to take a heart rate measurement from a side mounted optical heart rate detection sensor. The display of the biometric monitoring device may show whether a heart rate has been detected and/or display the user's heart rate.
图8说明实例生物计量监视装置智能报警特征的功能性。8 illustrates the functionality of an example biometric monitoring device smart alert feature.
图9说明基于生物计量监视装置所经历的移动程度而改变其检测用户心率的方式的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。9 illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device that changes the way it detects a user's heart rate based on the degree of movement experienced by the biometric monitoring device.
图10说明其上具有自行车应用程序的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例，所述自行车应用程序可显示自行车速度及/或踩踏板的步调以及其它度量。10 illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device with a bicycle application on it that can display bicycle speed and/or pedaling cadence, among other metrics.
图11A说明PPG传感器的实例框图，所述PPG传感器具有光源、光检测器、ADC、处理器、DAC/GPIO，及光源强度及开/关控件。11A illustrates an example block diagram of a PPG sensor with light source, light detector, ADC, processor, DAC/GPIO, and light source intensity and on/off controls.
图11B说明类似于图11A的PPG传感器的PPG传感器的实例框图，所述PPG传感器额外使用取样及保持电路以及模拟信号调节。11B illustrates an example block diagram of a PPG sensor similar to that of FIG. 11A , additionally using sample and hold circuitry and analog signal conditioning.
图11C说明类似于图11A的PPG传感器的PPG传感器的实例框图，所述PPG传感器额外使用取样及保持电路。11C illustrates an example block diagram of a PPG sensor similar to that of FIG. 11A , additionally using a sample and hold circuit.
图11D说明具有多个可切换光源及检测器、光源强度/开关控件以及信号调节电路的PPG传感器的实例框图。11D illustrates an example block diagram of a PPG sensor with multiple switchable light sources and detectors, light source intensity/switch controls, and signal conditioning circuitry.
图11E说明使用同步检测的PPG传感器的实例框图。为执行此类型的PPG检测，其具有解调器。11E illustrates an example block diagram of a PPG sensor using synchronous detection. To perform this type of PPG detection it has a demodulator.
图11F说明PPG传感器的实例框图，所述PPG传感器除图11A中说明的传感器的特征之外还具有差分放大器。11F illustrates an example block diagram of a PPG sensor having a differential amplifier in addition to the features of the sensor illustrated in FIG. 11A.
图11G说明PPG传感器的实例框图，所述PPG传感器具有图11A到KKF中所示的PPG传感器的特征。11G illustrates an example block diagram of a PPG sensor having the features of the PPG sensors shown in FIGS. 11A-KKF.
图12A说明具有心率或PPG传感器、运动传感器、显示器、振动马达及连接到处理器的通信电路的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。12A illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device with a heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibration motor, and communication circuitry connected to a processor.
图12B说明具有心率或PPG传感器、运动传感器、显示器、振动马达、位置传感器、海拔高度传感器、皮肤电导率/湿度传感器及连接到处理器的通信电路的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。12B illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device with a heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibration motor, position sensor, altitude sensor, skin conductivity/humidity sensor, and communication circuitry connected to a processor.
图12C说明具有生理传感器、环境传感器及连接到处理器的位置传感器的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。12C illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device having physiological sensors, environmental sensors, and position sensors connected to a processor.
图13A说明使用运动信号及光学PPG信号来测量心率的实例。13A illustrates an example of measuring heart rate using motion signals and optical PPG signals.
图13B说明使用运动信号及光学PPG信号来测量心率的另一实例。13B illustrates another example of measuring heart rate using motion signals and optical PPG signals.
图14A说明具有到传感器处理器的模拟连接的传感器的实例。Figure 14A illustrates an example of a sensor with an analog connection to a sensor processor.
图14B说明具有到传感器处理器的模拟连接的传感器的实例，所述传感器处理器又具有到应用程序处理器的数字连接。Figure 14B illustrates an example of a sensor with an analog connection to a sensor processor, which in turn has a digital connection to an application processor.
图14C说明具有连接到应用程序处理器的一个或多个传感器的传感器装置的实例。14C illustrates an example of a sensor device having one or more sensors connected to an application processor.
图14D说明具有连接到传感器处理器的一个或多个传感器的传感器装置的实例，所述传感器处理器又连接到应用程序处理器。Figure 14D illustrates an example of a sensor device having one or more sensors connected to a sensor processor, which in turn is connected to an application processor.
图15A说明使用顺序算法流程的游泳检测算法的实例。Figure 15A illustrates an example of a swim detection algorithm using a sequential algorithm flow.
图15B说明使用并行算法流程的游泳检测算法的实例。Figure 15B illustrates an example of a swim detection algorithm using a parallel algorithm flow.
图15C说明使用顺序与并行算法流程的混合的游泳检测算法的实例。Figure 15C illustrates an example of a swim detection algorithm using a mix of sequential and parallel algorithm flows.
图15D说明使用顺序与并行算法流程的混合的游泳检测算法的实例。Figure 15D illustrates an example of a swim detection algorithm using a mix of sequential and parallel algorithm flows.
图16A说明可用于PPG感测的取样及保持电路以及差分/仪表放大器的实例示意图。16A illustrates an example schematic of a sample and hold circuit and differential/instrumentation amplifier that may be used for PPG sensing.
图16B说明用于PPG传感器的使用受控电流源来在跨阻抗放大器之前补偿“偏置”电流的电路的实例示意图。16B illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor using a controlled current source to compensate for "bias" current prior to a transimpedance amplifier.
图16C说明用于PPG传感器的使用取样及保持电路用于施加到光电二极管(在跨阻抗放大器之前)的电流反馈的电路的实例示意图。16C illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor using a sample and hold circuit for current feedback applied to a photodiode (before the transimpedance amplifier).
图16D说明用于PPG传感器的使用具有环境光消除功能性的差分/仪表放大器的电路的实例示意图。16D illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor using a differential/instrumentation amplifier with ambient light cancellation functionality.
图16E说明用于PPG传感器的使用光电二极管补偿由DAC动态地产生的电流的电路的实例示意图。16E illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor that uses a photodiode to compensate the current dynamically generated by a DAC.
图16F说明用于PPG传感器的使用光电二极管补偿由受控电压源动态地产生的电流的电路的实例示意图。16F illustrates an example schematic diagram of a circuit for a PPG sensor that uses a photodiode to compensate current dynamically generated by a controlled voltage source.
图16G说明用于PPG传感器的包含使用“开关电容器”方法的环境光移除功能性的电路的实例示意图。16G illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor including ambient light removal functionality using a "switched capacitor" approach.
图16H说明用于PPG传感器的使用光电二极管补偿由恒定电流源产生的电流(此还可使用恒定电压源及电阻器来完成)的电路的实例示意图。16H illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor that uses a photodiode to compensate the current generated by a constant current source (this can also be done using a constant voltage source and a resistor).
图16I说明用于PPG传感器的包含环境光移除功能性及连续样本之间的差分化的电路的实例示意图。16I illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor including ambient light removal functionality and differentiation between consecutive samples.
图16J说明用于环境光移除及连续样本之间的差分化的电路的实例示意图。16J illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for ambient light removal and differentiation between consecutive samples.
图17A展示使用光探测机构确定心率监视器被佩戴(“腕上”)还是未被佩戴(“腕外”)的过程的示意图。17A shows a schematic diagram of the process of determining whether a heart rate monitor is worn ("wrist") or not ("off-wrist") using a light detection mechanism.
图17B展示使用单独光探测机构用于腕外检测(以退出PPG心率监视)及腕上检测(以进入PPG心率监视)的过程的示意图。17B shows a schematic diagram of the process of using separate light detection mechanisms for off-wrist detection (to exit PPG heart rate monitoring) and on-wrist detection (to enter PPG heart rate monitoring).
图18A展示根据一些实施例的用于具有心率监视器的可佩戴健身监视装置以具能量效益的方式在不同模式中操作的处理流程图。18A shows a process flow diagram for a wearable fitness monitoring device with a heart rate monitor to operate in different modes in an energy-efficient manner, according to some embodiments.
图18B展示根据一些实施例的用于操作具有心率监视器的可佩戴健身监视装置的另一处理流程图，其以用于检测心脏信号的第一模式及用于检测未佩戴状态的第二模式的同时操作开始。18B shows another process flow diagram for operating a wearable fitness monitoring device with a heart rate monitor in a first mode for detecting heart signals and a second mode for detecting an unworn state, according to some embodiments. The simultaneous operation starts.
图18C展示在一些实施例中用以提供心率对用于探测用户身体的接近度的光脉冲的数据的光脉冲的草图。Figure 18C shows a sketch of light pulses used in some embodiments to provide data of heart rate versus light pulses used to detect the proximity of the user's body.
图18D展示在一些实施例中可用以提供心率对用于探测用户身体的接近度的光脉冲的数据的光脉冲的另一草图。18D shows another sketch of light pulses that may be used in some embodiments to provide data of heart rate versus light pulses used to detect the proximity of the user's body.
图19A展示由心率监视器的光源发出的光强度与由心率监视器的光电检测器检测的信号之间的两个关系。Figure 19A shows two relationships between the light intensity emitted by the heart rate monitor's light source and the signal detected by the heart rate monitor's photodetector.
图19B描绘TIA信号的由心脏跳动引起的时间调制。Figure 19B depicts the temporal modulation of the TIA signal caused by a heartbeat.
图19C展示用于通过调整心率监视器的光发射功率及/或光检测增益而操作可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器的过程的流程图。19C shows a flowchart of a process for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device by adjusting the light transmit power and/or light detection gain of the heart rate monitor.
图19D展示可用以调节心率监视器的光源强度及/或光检测增益的光脉冲信号模式。Figure 19D shows a light pulse signal pattern that can be used to adjust the light source intensity and/or light detection gain of a heart rate monitor.
图19E及19F分别展示针对不同皮肤特性的发射强度与检测强度之间的线性及非线性的数学关系。Figures 19E and 19F show linear and non-linear mathematical relationships, respectively, between emitted and detected intensities for different skin characteristics.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明是针对生物计量监视装置(其在本文以及以引用的方式并入的任何参考案中还可称为“生物计量跟踪装置”、“个人健康监视装置”、“便携式监视装置”、“便携式生物计量监视装置”、“生物计量监视装置”，等等)，其通常可描述为可佩戴装置，通常具有小的大小，经设计以由人们相对连续地佩戴。在佩戴时，此些生物计量监视装置搜集关于穿戴者所执行的活动或佩戴者的生理状态的数据。此数据可包含表示佩戴者周围的周围环境或佩戴者与环境的交互的数据，例如，关于佩戴者的移动的运动数据、环境光、环境噪声、空气质量，等，以及通过测量佩戴者的各种生理特性而获得的生理数据，例如心率、排汗水平，等。The present invention is directed to biometric monitoring devices (which may also be referred to herein and in any references incorporated by reference as "biometric tracking devices," "personal health monitoring devices," "portable monitoring devices," "portable "Biometric Monitoring Device", "Biometric Monitoring Device", etc.), which may generally be described as wearable devices, typically of small size, designed to be worn relatively continuously by a person. When worn, such biometric monitoring devices collect data regarding activities performed by the wearer or the wearer's physiological state. This data may include data representing the surrounding environment around the wearer or the wearer's interaction with the environment, for example, motion data about the wearer's movement, ambient light, ambient noise, air quality, etc., and by measuring the wearer's various Physiological data obtained from various physiological characteristics, such as heart rate, perspiration level, etc.
如上文所提及，生物计量监视装置在大小上通常为小的以使佩戴者不引人注目。Fitbit提供全部都非常小且非常轻的若干种生物计量监视装置，例如，Fitbit Flex为一种腕带，其具有可插入式生物计量监视装置，其约0.5英寸宽乘1.3英寸长乘0.25英寸厚。生物计量监视装置通常经设计以能够在没有不适感的情况下佩戴长时间周期，且不干扰正常的日常活动。As mentioned above, biometric monitoring devices are typically small in size to be unobtrusive to the wearer. Fitbit offers several biometric monitoring devices that are all very small and very light, for example, the Fitbit Flex is a wristband with an insertable biometric monitoring device that is approximately 0.5 inches wide by 1.3 inches long by 0.25 inches thick . Biometric monitoring devices are typically designed to be worn for extended periods of time without discomfort and without interfering with normal daily activities.
在一些情况下，生物计量监视装置可利用在生物计量监视装置外部的其它装置，例 如，呈胸带上的EKG传感器形式的外部心率监视器可用以获得心率数据，或智能电话中的GPS接收器可用以获得位置数据。在此些情况下，生物计量监视装置可使用有线或无线通信连接与这些外部装置通信。本文中所揭示及论述的概念可应用于独立生物计量监视装置以及利用提供于外部装置中的传感器或功能性(例如，外部传感器、由智能电话提供的传感器或功能性，等)的生物计量监视装置两者。In some cases, the biometric monitoring device may utilize other devices external to the biometric monitoring device, for example, an external heart rate monitor in the form of an EKG sensor on a chest strap may be available to obtain heart rate data, or a GPS receiver in a smartphone Available to obtain location data. In such cases, the biometric monitoring device may communicate with these external devices using wired or wireless communication connections. The concepts disclosed and discussed herein are applicable to stand-alone biometric monitoring devices as well as biometric monitoring utilizing sensors or functionality provided in external devices (e.g., external sensors, sensors or functionality provided by a smartphone, etc.) device both.
一般来说，本文中论述的概念可实施于独立生物计量监视装置以及(在适当时)利用外部装置的生物计量监视装置中。In general, the concepts discussed herein may be implemented in stand-alone biometric monitoring devices as well as biometric monitoring devices utilizing external devices, where appropriate.
应理解，尽管本文中所包含的概念及论述是在生物计量监视装置的上下文中呈现，但如果适当硬件可用，那么这些概念还可同样应用于其它上下文中。举例来说，许多现代智能电话包含通常包含于生物计量监视装置中的例如加速度计等运动传感器，且如果适当硬件可用于装置中，那么本文中论述的概念可实施于该装置中。在效果上，此可看作将智能电话转变为某一形式的生物计量监视装置(但为大于典型生物计量监视装置且可能不以相同方式佩戴的生物计量监视装置)。此些实施方案也应理解为处于本发明的范围内。It should be understood that although the concepts and discussions contained herein are presented in the context of a biometric monitoring device, the concepts may equally apply in other contexts if appropriate hardware is available. For example, many modern smartphones include motion sensors such as accelerometers, which are often included in biometric monitoring devices, and if appropriate hardware is available in the device, the concepts discussed herein can be implemented in the device. In effect, this can be seen as turning the smartphone into some form of biometric monitoring device (but one that is larger than typical biometric monitoring devices and may not be worn in the same way). Such embodiments are also understood to be within the scope of the present invention.
本文中论述的功能性可使用数种不同方法来提供。举例来说，在一些实施方案中，处理器可由存储在存储器中的计算机可执行指令控制以便提供如本文所述的功能性。在其它实施方案中，此功能性可以电路的形式来提供。在又其它实施方案中，此功能性可由受存储在与一或多个专门设计的电路耦合的存储器中的计算机可执行指令控制的一或多个处理器来提供。可用以实施本文中概述的概念的硬件的各种实例包含但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)，及与存储用于控制通用微处理器的可执行指令的存储器耦合的通用微处理器。The functionality discussed herein can be provided using a number of different approaches. For example, in some implementations, a processor may be controlled by computer-executable instructions stored in memory to provide functionality as described herein. In other implementations, this functionality may be provided in the form of a circuit. In yet other implementations, this functionality may be provided by one or more processors controlled by computer-executable instructions stored in memory coupled with one or more specially designed circuits. Various examples of hardware that can be used to implement the concepts outlined herein include, but are not limited to, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and memories storing executable instructions for controlling general-purpose microprocessors. coupled general purpose microprocessor.
独立生物计量监视装置可以数个形状因数来提供，且可经设计而以多种方式佩戴。在一些实施方案中，生物计量监视装置可经设计以可插入到一可佩戴壳体中或可插入到多个不同的可佩戴壳体中，例如，腕带壳体、带夹壳体(belt-clip case)、挂件壳体、经配置以附接到例如自行车等一件锻炼设备的壳体，等。此些实施方案更详细地描述于例如2013年9月17日申请的第14/029,764号美国专利申请案中，所述美国专利申请案为此目的特此以引用的方式并入。在其它实施方案中，生物计量监视装置可经设计以仅按一种方式佩戴，例如，以不可移除方式集成到腕带中的生物计量监视装置可既定仅佩戴在人的手腕(或可能脚踝)上。Standalone biometric monitoring devices are available in several form factors and can be designed to be worn in a variety of ways. In some embodiments, a biometric monitoring device may be designed to be insertable into one wearable housing or to be insertable into multiple different wearable housings, e.g., a wristband housing, a belt clip housing -clip case), a pendant housing, a housing configured to attach to a piece of exercise equipment such as a bicycle, etc. Such embodiments are described in more detail, for example, in US Patent Application Serial No. 14/029,764, filed September 17, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference for this purpose. In other embodiments, a biometric monitoring device may be designed to be worn in only one way, for example, a biometric monitoring device that is non-removably integrated into a wristband may be intended to be worn only on a person's wrist (or possibly ankle) )superior.
根据本文所述的实施例及实施方案的便携式生物计量监视装置可具有适于耦合到(例如，紧固到、佩戴、被支承，等)用户的身体或衣服的形状及大小。便携式生物计量 监视装置的实例展示于图1中；所述实例便携式监视装置可具有用户接口、处理器、生物计量传感器、存储器、环境传感器及/或可与客户端及/或服务器通信的无线收发器。手腕佩戴型便携式生物计量监视装置的实例展示于图2A到2C中。此装置可具有显示器、按钮、电子器件封装，及/或附接带。附接带可经由使用钩环(例如，Velcro)、卡扣及/或具有为其形状的存储器的带子(例如，经由使用弹簧金属带)而紧固到用户。在图2B中，可看到用于配合充电器及/或数据发射缆线的传感器突起及凹部。在图2C中，展示穿过电子器件封装的横截面。值得注意的是传感器突起、主PCB板，及显示器。Portable biometric monitoring devices according to the embodiments and implementations described herein may have a shape and size suitable for coupling to (eg, fastened to, worn, supported, etc.) a user's body or clothing. An example of a portable biometric monitoring device is shown in FIG. 1; the example portable monitoring device may have a user interface, processor, biometric sensors, memory, environmental sensors, and/or wireless transceivers that can communicate with clients and/or servers. device. An example of a wrist-worn portable biometric monitoring device is shown in Figures 2A-2C. The device may have a display, buttons, electronics packaging, and/or an attachment strap. The attachment strap may be fastened to the user through the use of hook and loop (eg, Velcro), snaps, and/or a strap with memory in its shape (eg, through the use of a spring metal strap). In Fig. 2B, the sensor protrusions and recesses for mating with the charger and/or data transmission cable can be seen. In FIG. 2C , a cross-section through the electronics package is shown. Noteworthy are the sensor protrusions, the main PCB, and the display.
便携式生物计量监视装置可从嵌入式传感器及/或外部装置收集一或多个类型的生理及/或环境数据，且将此信息传达或中继到其它装置(包含能够充当可接入因特网的数据源的装置)，因而准许例如使用网络浏览器或基于网络的应用程序来检视所收集的数据。举例来说，当用户佩戴着生物计量监视装置时，生物计量监视装置可使用一或多个生物计量传感器计算并存储用户的步数。生物计量监视装置可接着将表示用户的步数的数据发射到网络服务(例如，www.fitbit.com)上的账户、计算机、移动电话，或其中可存储、处理且由用户观测数据的保健站。实际上，生物计量监视装置除用户的步数之外或代替用户的步数还可测量或计算多个其它生理度量。这些生理度量包含但不限于能量消耗，例如，卡路里燃烧值、爬上及/或爬下的楼层数、心率、心率变化、心率恢复、位置及/或走向(例如经由GPS、GLONASS或类似系统)、上升、走动速度及/或行进距离、游泳单程计数、泳姿类型及检测到的计数、自行车距离及/或速度、血压、血糖、皮肤传导、皮肤及/或身体温度、经由肌电描记术测量的肌肉状态、通过脑电图描记术测量的大脑活动、体重、身体脂肪、卡路里摄入、从食物的营养摄入、药物摄入、睡眠周期，例如时钟时间、睡眠阶段、睡眠质量及/或持续时间、pH值水平、水合作用水平、呼吸速率，及其它生理度量。生物计量监视装置还可以测量或计算与用户周围的环境有关的度量，例如大气压力、天气条件(例如，温度、湿度、花粉计数、空气质量、雨/雪条件、风速)、光暴露(例如，环境光、UV光暴露、在黑暗中花费的时间及/或持续时间)、噪音暴露、辐射暴露，及磁场。此外，从生物计量监视装置收集数据流的生物计量监视装置或系统可计算从此数据导出的度量。举例来说，装置或系统可经由心率变化、皮肤传导、噪音污染及睡眠质量的组合来计算用户的紧张及/或放松水平。在另一实例中，装置或系统可经由药物摄入、睡眠数据及/或活动数据的组合来确定医疗干预(例如药物)的功效。在又一实例中，生物计量监视装置或系统可经由花粉数据、药物摄入、睡眠及/或活动数据的组合来确定过敏药物的功效。提供这些实例仅为了说明，且并不希望为限制性的或详尽的。传感器装置的进一步实施例及实施方案可见于2011年6月8日申请的标题为“便 携式生物计量监视装置及其操作方法(Portable Biometric Monitoring Devices and Methodsof Operating Same)”的美国专利申请案13/156,304及2012年8月6日申请的标题为“Fitbit跟踪器(Fitbit Tracker)”的美国专利申请案61/680,230中，所述美国专利申请案两者的全文特此以引用的方式并入本文中。The portable biometric monitoring device can collect one or more types of physiological and/or environmental data from embedded sensors and/or external devices, and communicate or relay this information to other devices, including data that can serve as an Internet-accessible device. source device), thus allowing the collected data to be viewed, for example, using a web browser or web-based application. For example, when a user is wearing a biometric monitoring device, the biometric monitoring device may use one or more biometric sensors to count and store the user's step count. The biometric monitoring device may then transmit data representing the user's step count to an account on a web service (e.g., www.fitbit.com), computer, mobile phone, or health kiosk where the data may be stored, processed, and observed by the user . Indeed, the biometric monitoring device may measure or calculate a number of other physiological metrics in addition to or instead of the user's step count. These physiological measures include, but are not limited to, energy expenditure, such as calorie burn, floors climbed and/or descended, heart rate, heart rate variability, heart rate recovery, position and/or heading (e.g., via GPS, GLONASS or similar systems) , ascent, walking speed and/or distance traveled, swim lap count, stroke type and detected count, bike distance and/or speed, blood pressure, blood glucose, skin conduction, skin and/or body temperature, via electromyography Measured muscle state, brain activity measured by EEG, body weight, body fat, calorie intake, nutrient intake from food, medication intake, sleep cycles such as clock time, sleep stages, sleep quality and/or Or duration, pH level, hydration level, respiration rate, and other physiological measures. The biometric monitoring device may also measure or calculate metrics related to the environment around the user, such as barometric pressure, weather conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, pollen count, air quality, rain/snow conditions, wind speed), light exposure (e.g., ambient light, UV light exposure, time and/or duration spent in darkness), noise exposure, radiation exposure, and magnetic fields. Additionally, a biometric monitoring device or system that collects a data stream from a biometric monitoring device can calculate metrics derived from this data. For example, a device or system may calculate a user's stress and/or relaxation level through a combination of heart rate variability, skin conduction, noise pollution, and sleep quality. In another example, a device or system may determine the efficacy of a medical intervention (eg, a drug) via a combination of drug intake, sleep data, and/or activity data. In yet another example, a biometric monitoring device or system may determine the efficacy of an allergy medication via a combination of pollen data, medication intake, sleep, and/or activity data. These examples are provided for illustration only and are not intended to be limiting or exhaustive. Further examples and implementations of sensor devices can be found in U.S. Patent Application 13/156,304, entitled "Portable Biometric Monitoring Devices and Methods of Operating Same," filed June 8, 2011 and US Patent Application 61/680,230, entitled "Fitbit Tracker," filed August 6, 2012, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
生理传感器physiological sensor
本文中论述的生物计量监视装置可使用一个、一些或所有以下传感器来获取生理数据，包含但不限于下表中概述的生理数据。生理传感器及/或生理数据的所有组合及排列既定落入本发明的范围内。生物计量监视装置可包含但不限于以下指定用于获取对应生理数据的一个、一些或所有传感器的类型；实际上，还可或替代地使用其它类型的传感器来获取对应生理数据，且此些其它类型的传感器也既定落入本发明的范围内。此外，生物计量监视装置可从对应传感器输出数据导出生理数据，包含但不限于其可从所述传感器导出的生理数据的数目或类型。Biometric monitoring devices discussed herein may use one, some, or all of the following sensors to acquire physiological data, including but not limited to those outlined in the table below. All combinations and permutations of physiological sensors and/or physiological data are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. A biometric monitoring device may include, but is not limited to, the types of one, some, or all of the sensors specified below for obtaining corresponding physiological data; indeed, other types of sensors may also or alternatively be used to obtain corresponding physiological data, and such other Sensors of the type are also intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, a biometric monitoring device may derive physiological data from corresponding sensor output data, including but not limited to the amount or type of physiological data it may derive from said sensors.
在一个实例实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含光学传感器以检测、感测、取样及/或产生可用以确定表示例如用户的紧张(或其水平)、血压及/或心率的信息的数据。(见，例如图2A到3C及11A到KKG)。在此些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含光学传感器，其具有一或多个光源(LED、激光，等)以发出或输出光到用户的身体，以及光检测器(光电二极管、光晶体管，等)以取样、测量及/或检测此光从用户身体的响应或反射且提供用以确定表示用户的紧张(或其水平)、血压及/或心率(例如，例如通过使用光电容积图)的数据的数据。In one example embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may include optical sensors to detect, sense, sample, and/or generate data that may be used to determine information indicative of, for example, a user's stress (or its level), blood pressure, and/or heart rate. (See, eg, FIGS. 2A to 3C and 11A to KKG). In such embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may include an optical sensor having one or more light sources (LEDs, lasers, etc.) to emit or output light to the user's body, and light detectors (photodiodes, phototransistors , etc.) to sample, measure, and/or detect the response or reflection of this light from the user's body and provide an indication for determining the user's tension (or its level), blood pressure, and/or heart rate (e.g., such as by using a photoplethysmogram) the data of the data.
在一个实例实施例中，用户的心率测量可由通过一或多个传感器(或连接到其的处理电路)确定的准则而触发。举例来说，当来自运动传感器的数据指示静止或具有极少运动的周期时，生物计量监视装置可触发、获取及/或获得心率测量或数据。(见，例如图9、12A及12B)。In one example embodiment, a user's heart rate measurement may be triggered by criteria determined by one or more sensors (or processing circuitry connected thereto). For example, a biometric monitoring device may trigger, acquire, and/or obtain heart rate measurements or data when data from a motion sensor indicates periods of stillness or little motion. (See, eg, Figures 9, 12A and 12B).
图12A说明具有心率或PPG传感器、运动传感器、显示器、振动马达及连接到处理器的通信电路的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。12A illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device with a heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibration motor, and communication circuitry connected to a processor.
图12B说明具有心率或PPG传感器、运动传感器、显示器、振动马达、位置传感器、海拔高度传感器、皮肤电导率/湿度传感器及连接到处理器的通信电路的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。12B illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device with a heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibration motor, position sensor, altitude sensor, skin conductivity/humidity sensor, and communication circuitry connected to a processor.
在一个实施例中，当运动传感器指示用户活动或运动(例如，对于触发、获取及/或获得所需心率测量或数据(例如，用以确定用户的静息心率的数据)不合适或并非最佳的运动)时，用以获取及/或获得所需心率测量或数据的生物计量监视装置及/或传感器可置于或保持于低功率状态中。因为在运动期间进行的心率测量可能不太可靠且可能被运动 假象破坏，所以当生物计量监视装置在运动中时，可能需要减小收集心率数据样本的频率(因而减小功率使用)。In one embodiment, when a motion sensor indicates user activity or motion (e.g., is inappropriate or not optimal for triggering, capturing, and/or obtaining desired heart rate measurements or data (e.g., to determine the user's resting heart rate) During optimal exercise), biometric monitoring devices and/or sensors used to acquire and/or obtain desired heart rate measurements or data may be placed or maintained in a low power state. Because heart rate measurements taken during exercise may be less reliable and may be corrupted by motion artifacts, it may be desirable to reduce the frequency at which heart rate data samples are collected (and thus reduce power usage) when the biometric monitoring device is in motion.
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可使用指示用户活动或运动的数据(例如，来自一或多个运动传感器)来调整或修改触发、获取及/或获得所需心率测量或数据的特性(例如，以改善对运动假象的稳健性)。举例来说，如果生物计量监视装置接收到指示用户活动或运动的数据，那么生物计量监视装置可调整或修改用以获取心率数据的传感器的取样率及/或分辨率模式(例如，在用户运动量超过某一阈值的情况下，生物计量监视装置可增大取样率及/或增大用以获取心率测量或数据的传感器的取样分辨率模式)。此外，生物计量监视装置可在用户活动或运动的此些周期(例如，用户运动量超过某一阈值的周期)期间调整或修改运动传感器的取样率及/或分辨率模式。以此方式，当生物计量监视装置确定或检测到此用户活动或运动时，生物计量监视装置可将运动传感器置于较高取样率及/或较高取样分辨率模式以例如实现心率信号的更准确的自适应滤波。(见，例如，图9)。In another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may use data indicative of user activity or motion (e.g., from one or more motion sensors) to adjust or modify the triggering, acquisition, and/or characteristics of obtaining desired heart rate measurements or data (eg, to improve robustness to motion artifacts). For example, if the biometric monitoring device receives data indicative of user activity or motion, the biometric monitoring device may adjust or modify the sampling rate and/or resolution mode of the sensors used to acquire heart rate data (e.g. Where a certain threshold is exceeded, the biometric monitoring device may increase the sampling rate and/or increase the sampling resolution mode of the sensor used to obtain heart rate measurements or data). Furthermore, the biometric monitoring device may adjust or modify the sampling rate and/or resolution mode of the motion sensor during such periods of user activity or motion (eg, periods in which the amount of user motion exceeds a certain threshold). In this way, when the biometric monitoring device determines or detects such user activity or motion, the biometric monitoring device may place the motion sensor in a higher sampling rate and/or higher sampling resolution mode, for example, to achieve better resolution of the heart rate signal. Accurate adaptive filtering. (See, eg, Figure 9).
图9说明基于生物计量监视装置所经历的移动程度而改变其检测用户心率的方式的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。在其中检测到运动(例如，经由使用加速度计)的情况下，用户可被生物计量监视装置认为是在“活动”，且高取样率心率检测可发生以减小心率测量中的运动假象。可保存及/或显示此数据。在生物计量监视装置确定用户不移动(或相对久坐)的情况下，低取样率心率检测(其不消耗那么多功率)对于测量心率可为适当的且因而可被使用。9 illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device that changes the way it detects a user's heart rate based on the degree of movement experienced by the biometric monitoring device. In cases where motion is detected (eg, via use of an accelerometer), the user may be considered "active" by the biometric monitoring device, and high sampling rate heart rate detection may occur to reduce motion artifacts in heart rate measurements. This data can be saved and/or displayed. In cases where the biometric monitoring device determines that the user is not moving (or is relatively sedentary), low sampling rate heart rate detection (which does not consume as much power) may be appropriate for measuring heart rate and thus may be used.
值得注意的是，在生物计量监视装置使用光学技术来例如通过使用光电容积图获取心率测量或数据的情况下，可使用运动信号来确定或建立通过心率传感器进行数据获取或测量(例如，同步检测而不是非振幅调制方法)及/或其分析的特定方法或技术。(见，例如图11E)。以此方式，指示用户运动或活动量的数据可致使生物计量监视装置建立或调整由一或多个光学心率传感器使用的数据获取或测量的类型或技术。Notably, where the biometric monitoring device uses optical techniques to acquire heart rate measurements or data, such as by using photoplethysmography, motion signals may be used to determine or establish that data acquisition or measurement by the heart rate sensor (e.g., synchronous detection rather than non-amplitude modulation methods) and/or specific methods or techniques for their analysis. (See, eg, Figure 1 IE). In this way, data indicative of a user's motion or activity level may cause the biometric monitoring device to establish or adjust the type or technique of data acquisition or measurement used by one or more optical heart rate sensors.
举例来说，在一个实施例中，当运动检测器电路检测到或确定生物计量监视装置佩戴者的运动低于阈值时(例如，如果生物计量监视装置确定用户久坐或睡着)，生物计量监视装置(或如本文所揭示的心率测量技术)可调整及/或减小光学心率取样的取样率。(见，例如，图9)。以此方式，生物计量监视装置可控制其功率消耗。举例来说，生物计量监视装置可通过减小传感器取样率而减小功率消耗，例如，生物计量监视装置可每10分钟一次或每1分钟10秒地对心率进行取样(经由心率传感器)。值得注意的是，另外或替代地，生物计量监视装置可经由根据运动检测控制数据处理电路分析及/或数据分 析技术而控制功率消耗。由此，用户的运动可能影响心率数据获取参数及/或数据分析或其处理。For example, in one embodiment, when the motion detector circuit detects or determines that the motion of the wearer of the biometric monitoring device is below a threshold (for example, if the biometric monitoring device determines that the user is sedentary or asleep), the biometric A monitoring device (or heart rate measurement technique as disclosed herein) may adjust and/or reduce the sampling rate of optical heart rate sampling. (See, eg, Figure 9). In this way, the biometric monitoring device can control its power consumption. For example, a biometric monitoring device may reduce power consumption by reducing sensor sampling rates, eg, a biometric monitoring device may sample heart rate (via a heart rate sensor) every 10 minutes or every 1 minute and 10 seconds. It is worth noting that, additionally or alternatively, the biometric monitoring device may control power consumption by controlling data processing circuit analysis and/or data analysis techniques based on motion detection. Thus, the movement of the user may affect heart rate data acquisition parameters and/or data analysis or processing thereof.
心率传感器中的运动假象抑制Motion Artifact Suppression in Heart Rate Sensors
如上文所论述，可通过使用一或多个算法以移除运动假象来改善由PPG传感器测量的原始心率信号。可使用传感器测量用户的移动(用于确定运动假象)，所述传感器包含但不限于加速度计、陀螺仪、接近度检测器、磁力计，等。此些算法的目标是使用从作为指导的其它传感器俘获的移动信号来移除PPG信号的可归因于移动的分量(移动假象)。在一个实施例中，可使用自适应滤波器基于混合卡尔曼滤波器(Kalman filter)及最小均方滤波器或递归最小平方滤波器来移除PPG信号中的移动假象。可接着使用峰值计数算法或功率谱密度估计算法从清洁/经滤波信号提取心率。或者，可使用卡尔曼滤波器或粒子滤波器来移除此些移动假象。As discussed above, the raw heart rate signal measured by the PPG sensor can be improved by using one or more algorithms to remove motion artifacts. The user's movement (for determining motion artifacts) may be measured using sensors including, but not limited to, accelerometers, gyroscopes, proximity detectors, magnetometers, and the like. The goal of such algorithms is to remove components of the PPG signal attributable to motion (motion artifacts) using motion signals captured from other sensors as a guide. In one embodiment, an adaptive filter can be used to remove motion artifacts in the PPG signal based on a hybrid Kalman filter and a least mean square filter or a recursive least square filter. Heart rate can then be extracted from the cleaned/filtered signal using a peak counting algorithm or a power spectral density estimation algorithm. Alternatively, a Kalman filter or particle filter may be used to remove such motion artifacts.
可用以计算心率频率的另一方法是将心率信号模型创建为Y＝Ydc+∑ak*coskθ+bk*sinkθ，其中k为谐波分量的阶数，且θ为用于心率的模型参数。此模型可接着使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器或粒子滤波器而拟合到信号。此模型利用以下事实：信号并非正弦的，因此在基本谐波以及多个额外谐波两者处含有功率。Another method that can be used to calculate the heart rate frequency is to create a model of the heart rate signal as Y = Ydc + Σak * cosk θ + bk * sink θ, where k is the order of the harmonic components and θ is the model for the heart rate parameter. This model can then be fitted to the signal using an extended Kalman filter or a particle filter. This model exploits the fact that the signal is not sinusoidal and therefore contains power at both the fundamental harmonic as well as several additional harmonics.
或者，可将信号建模为Y＝Ydc+∑ak*sin(k*wmotiont+θ)+∑bk*sin(k*wHRt+φ)，其中wmotion直接从加速度计信号(或另一运动传感器信号)估计。Alternatively, the signal can be modeled as Y=Ydc + ∑ak *sin(k*wmotion t+θ)+∑bk *sin(k*wHR t+φ), where wmotion comes directly from the accelerometer signal (or another motion sensor signal) estimate.
环境光及肤色Ambient light and skin tone
环境光及肤色可能使得难以从PPG信号提取用户的心率。可通过从PPG光源打开时的所接收检测光信号的值减去PPG光源关闭时的所接收检测光信号的值而减小环境光的影响(假定两个信号是在彼此紧密接近的时间获得)。Ambient light and skin tones may make it difficult to extract the user's heart rate from the PPG signal. The effect of ambient light can be reduced by subtracting the value of the received detected light signal when the PPG light source is off from the value of the received detected light signal when the PPG light source is on (assuming the two signals are acquired in close proximity to each other) .
可通过改变PPG光源的强度、从光源发出的光的波长及/或通过使用对应于两个不同波长的所接收信号的比率或差而减小肤色的影响。可通过使用用户输入(例如，用户键入其肤色)、人面部的图像等来确定肤色，且可随后接着使用肤色来校准算法、光源亮度、光源波长及接收器增益。还可通过将具有已知振幅的信号发送到光源且接着测量从光电检测器接收到的信号来测量肤色(及用户佩戴装置的紧密性)对原始PPG信号的影响。此类信号可发送达延长的时间周期(以便经由多个预期心跳俘获数据)且接着求平均以产生不取决于心率的稳定状态数据组。可接着将此振幅与存储在表中的一组值相比以确定算法校准、发射器振幅及接收器增益。The effect of skin color can be reduced by varying the intensity of the PPG light source, the wavelength of light emitted from the light source, and/or by using the ratio or difference of received signals corresponding to two different wavelengths. Skin color can be determined by using user input (eg, a user typing in their skin color), an image of a person's face, etc., and the skin color can then be used to calibrate the algorithm, light source brightness, light source wavelength, and receiver gain. The effect of skin color (and how tightly the user is wearing the device) on the raw PPG signal can also be measured by sending a signal of known amplitude to the light source and then measuring the signal received from the photodetector. Such signals may be sent for extended periods of time (so that data is captured over multiple expected heartbeats) and then averaged to produce a steady state data set independent of heart rate. This amplitude can then be compared to a set of values stored in a table to determine algorithm calibration, transmitter amplitude, and receiver gain.
使用试探法的心率估计改善Improved heart rate estimation using heuristics
在获得心率的初始估计(例如，通过功率谱密度估计的峰值计数)之后，其可用于对心率的可允许速率施加界限。可对于每个用户优化这些界限，因为每一用户将具有唯一的心率概况。举例来说，可在每一用户固定不动时估计其久坐心率，且此可用作用户步行时的下限。类似地，如从步数计计算的步行频率的二分之一可充当用于预期心率的良好下限。After an initial estimate of heart rate (eg, peak counts estimated by power spectral density) is obtained, it can be used to impose bounds on the allowable rate of heart rate. These limits can be optimized for each user since each user will have a unique heart rate profile. For example, each user's sedentary heart rate can be estimated when they are stationary, and this can be used as a lower bound when the user is walking. Similarly, one-half the walking frequency as calculated from the pedometer may serve as a good lower limit for the expected heart rate.
心率算法可针对每一用户定制，且可学习用户的心率概况并适于用户的行为及/或特性以便随时间推移表现地更好。举例来说，所述算法可基于来自用户的历史数据而对特定身体活动期间的心率或步行速率设定界限。此可在心率数据被噪音及/或运动假象破坏时提供更好的结果。The heart rate algorithm can be customized for each user and can learn the user's heart rate profile and adapt to the user's behavior and/or characteristics to perform better over time. For example, the algorithm may set boundaries on heart rate or walking rate during a particular physical activity based on historical data from the user. This may provide better results when heart rate data is corrupted by noise and/or motion artifacts.
HR质量度量HR Quality Metrics
在另一实例实施例中，心率/PPG信号的信号质量度量可用以提供所产生信号的准确度/精确度的量化。取决于此度量的值，确定用户的心率(或例如呼吸等其它PPG导出度量)的算法可采取某些动作，包含让用户拉紧表带、忽略所收集心率数据的某些部分(例如，具有低质量度量的数据段)，及对心率数据的某些部分进行加权(例如，具有较高质量度量的数据可在计算心率时给予更大权重)。In another example embodiment, a signal quality metric of the heart rate/PPG signal may be used to provide a quantification of the accuracy/precision of the generated signal. Depending on the value of this metric, algorithms that determine the user's heart rate (or other PPG-derived metrics such as respiration) may take certain actions, including asking the user to tighten the strap, ignoring certain parts of the collected heart rate data (e.g., with data segments with low quality metrics), and weighting certain parts of the heart rate data (for example, data with higher quality metrics can be given more weight in computing heart rate).
在一个实施例中，可如下导出信号质量度量：绘制散布图，其中x轴为时间，且y轴为在那一给定时刻的PPG信号中的峰值的频率。使用此策略待克服的问题是在给定时刻可能存在多个及/或零个峰值。最佳拟合线在此散布图中俘获线性关系。高质量信号应具有良好地拟合到线(在短时间跨度内)的一组峰值，而不良信号将具有不能由线良好地描述的一组峰值。因此，到线的拟合质量提供PPG信号自身的质量的良好度量。In one embodiment, the signal quality metric can be derived by plotting a scatter diagram with time on the x-axis and frequency of peaks in the PPG signal at that given moment in time on the y-axis. The problem to be overcome using this strategy is that there may be multiple and/or zero peaks at a given moment. The line of best fit captures the linear relationship in this scatterplot. A high quality signal should have a set of peaks that fit well to the line (over a short time span), while a bad signal will have a set of peaks that are not well described by the line. Therefore, the quality of the fit to the line provides a good measure of the quality of the PPG signal itself.
久坐、睡眠及活动分类度量Categorical measures of sedentary, sleep and activity
在又一实例实施例中，当装置确定用户久坐或睡着时，生物计量监视装置可使用传感器来计算心率变化。此处，生物计量监视装置可以较高速率取样模式(相对于非久坐周期或超出预定阈值的用户活动周期)操作传感器以计算心率变化。生物计量监视装置(或外部装置)可使用心率变化作为心脏健康或紧张的指示符。In yet another example embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may use sensors to calculate heart rate variability when the device determines that the user is sedentary or asleep. Here, the biometric monitoring device may operate the sensor in a higher rate sampling mode (relative to non-sedentary periods or periods of user activity above a predetermined threshold) to calculate heart rate variability. A biometric monitoring device (or an external device) may use changes in heart rate as an indicator of heart health or stress.
实际上，在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可在用户久坐及/或睡着(例如，如由生物计量监视装置检测及/或确定)时测量及/或确定用户的紧张水平及/或心脏健康。本发明的生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可使用指示心率变化、皮肤电响应、皮肤温度、体温及/或心率的传感器数据来确定用户的紧张水平、健康状态(例如，发烧或感冒的风险、发作，或进展)，及/或心脏健康。以此方式，生物计量监视装置的处理电路可确定及/或跟踪随时间推移的用户的“基线”紧张水平及/或随时间推移的心脏“健康”。在另一实 施例中，所述装置可在其中用户无运动(或用户的运动低于预定阈值，例如当用户正坐着、躺下、睡着或处于睡眠阶段(例如，深睡眠)时)的一或多个周期期间测量用户的生理参数。此数据还可由生物计量监视装置用作用于紧张相关参数、健康相关参数(例如，发烧或感冒的风险或发作)、心脏健康、心率变化、皮肤电响应、皮肤温度、体温及/或心率的“基线”。Indeed, in some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may measure and/or determine the user's stress level and/or when the user is sedentary and/or asleep (eg, as detected and/or determined by the biometric monitoring device) or heart health. Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may use sensor data indicative of changes in heart rate, galvanic skin response, skin temperature, body temperature, and/or heart rate to determine a user's stress level, health status (e.g., risk of fever or cold, onset, or progression), and/or heart health. In this manner, the processing circuitry of the biometric monitoring device may determine and/or track a user's "baseline" stress level over time and/or heart "health" over time. In another embodiment, the device may be in which the user has no motion (or the user's motion is below a predetermined threshold, such as when the user is sitting, lying down, asleep, or in a sleep stage (e.g., deep sleep)) A physiological parameter of the user is measured during one or more cycles of . This data can also be used by the biometric monitoring device as a "data" for stress-related parameters, health-related parameters (e.g., risk or onset of fever or cold), heart health, heart rate variability, galvanic skin response, skin temperature, body temperature, and/or heart rate. Baseline".
睡眠监视sleep monitoring
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可自动地检测或确定用户正试图入睡、正在入睡、睡着及/或从睡眠周期醒来。在此些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可使用生理传感器来获取数据，且生物计量监视装置的数据处理电路可使从生物计量监视装置的传感器收集的心率、心率变化、呼吸速率、皮肤电响应、运动、皮肤温度及/或体温数据的组合相关以检测或确定用户是否正试图入睡、正在入睡、睡着及/或从睡眠周期醒来。作为响应，生物计量监视装置可例如获取生理数据(如本文所描述的类型且以如本文所描述的方式)及/或确定用户的生理条件(如本文所描述的类型且以如本文所描述的方式)。举例来说，用户运动的减少或停止结合用户心率及/或心率变化的改变的减小可指示用户已睡着。心率变化及皮肤电响应的后续改变可接着由生物计量监视装置用以确定用户的睡眠状态在两个或两个以上睡眠阶段之间的转变(例如，转变为较浅及/或较深的睡眠阶段)。用户的运动及/或升高的心率及/或心率变化的改变可由生物计量监视装置用以确定用户已醒来。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may automatically detect or determine that the user is attempting to fall asleep, falling asleep, falling asleep, and/or waking from a sleep cycle. In such embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may use physiological sensors to acquire data, and the data processing circuitry of the biometric monitoring device may render the heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration rate, galvanic skin response collected from the sensors of the biometric monitoring device , motion, skin temperature and/or body temperature data to detect or determine whether the user is attempting to fall asleep, falling asleep, falling asleep and/or waking from a sleep cycle. In response, the biometric monitoring device may, for example, acquire physiological data (of the type and in the manner described herein) and/or determine a physiological condition of the user (of the type and in the manner described herein) Way). For example, a decrease or cessation of user motion combined with a decrease in change in the user's heart rate and/or heart rate variability may indicate that the user has fallen asleep. Changes in heart rate and subsequent changes in galvanic skin response may then be used by the biometric monitoring device to determine transitions in the user's sleep state between two or more sleep stages (e.g., transitions to lighter and/or deeper sleep stage). The user's motion and/or elevated heart rate and/or changes in heart rate variability may be used by the biometric monitoring device to determine that the user has woken up.
实时、开窗或批处理可用以确定在醒着、睡眠与睡眠阶段之间的转变。举例来说，可在时间窗(心率在所述窗的开始处升高且在所述窗的中间(及/或结束)时减小)中测量心率的减小。觉醒与睡眠阶段可由隐式马尔可夫模型使用运动信号(例如，减小的运动强度)、心率、心率变化、皮肤温度、皮肤电响应及/或环境光水平的改变来加以分类。可通过改变点算法(例如，贝叶斯改变点分析)来确定转变点。可通过观测其中用户的心率在预定持续时间内减小至少某一阈值但处于用户的静息心率(其例如观测为用户在睡眠时的最小心率)的预定边限内的周期来确定觉醒与睡眠之间的转变。类似地，可通过观测用户的心率增大到高于用户的静息心率的预定阈值之上而确定睡眠与觉醒之间的转变。Real-time, windowed, or batch processing can be used to determine transitions between wake, sleep, and sleep stages. For example, a reduction in heart rate may be measured in a time window where the heart rate increases at the beginning of the window and decreases in the middle (and/or end) of the window. Wake and sleep stages can be classified by hidden Markov models using motion signals (eg, reduced exercise intensity), heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, galvanic skin response, and/or changes in ambient light levels. Transition points can be determined by a change point algorithm (eg, Bayesian change point analysis). Wake versus sleep may be determined by observing periods in which the user's heart rate decreases by at least a certain threshold over a predetermined duration, but within predetermined margins of the user's resting heart rate (which, for example, is observed as the user's minimum heart rate while sleeping) transitions between. Similarly, transitions between sleep and wakefulness may be determined by observing the user's heart rate increase above a predetermined threshold above the user's resting heart rate.
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可为用于监视睡眠的系统的一个组件，其中所述系统包含经配置以与生物计量监视装置通信且适于放置在睡眠者附近的辅助装置(例如，闹钟)。在一些实施方案中，所述辅助装置具有用以受纳生物计量监视装置以进行安全保管、通信及/或充电的形状以及机械及/或磁性接口。然而，所述辅助装置还可通用于生物计量监视装置，例如未经特定设计以与生物计量监视装置物理地介接的智能电 话。可经由有线通信接口或经由无线通信接口及例如蓝牙(包含例如蓝牙4.0及蓝牙低能量协议)、RFID、NFC或WLAN等协议来提供生物计量监视装置与辅助装置之间的通信。辅助装置可包含用以辅助睡眠监视或环境监视的传感器，例如测量环境光、噪音及/或声音(例如，以检测打鼾)、温度、湿度及空气质量(花粉、灰尘、CO2，等)的传感器。在一个实施例中，辅助装置可与例如www.fitbit.com等的外部服务或服务器(例如，个人计算机)通信。可经由有线(例如，以太网、USB)或无线(例如，WLAN、蓝牙、RFID、NFC、蜂窝式)电路及用以传送数据到辅助装置及/或从辅助装置传送数据的协议来实现与辅助装置的通信。辅助装置还可充当用以将数据从例如www.fitbit.com或其它服务(例如，例如新闻、社交网络更新、电子邮件、日历通知等数据)等外部服务或服务器(例如，个人计算机、移动电话、平板计算机)传送到生物计量监视装置及/或将数据从生物计量监视装置传送到所述外部服务或服务器的中继器。可使用来自一个或两个装置的数据在一个或两个装置或外部服务(例如，云服务器)上执行用户睡眠数据的计算。In some embodiments, a biometric monitoring device may be a component of a system for monitoring sleep, wherein the system includes an auxiliary device configured to communicate with the biometric monitoring device and adapted to be placed near the sleeper (e.g., Alarm clock). In some implementations, the secondary device has a shape and a mechanical and/or magnetic interface to receive a biometric monitoring device for safekeeping, communication, and/or charging. However, the secondary device may also be generic to a biometric monitoring device, such as a smartphone that is not specifically designed to physically interface with the biometric monitoring device. Communication between the biometric monitoring device and the auxiliary device may be provided via a wired communication interface or via a wireless communication interface and protocols such as Bluetooth (including, for example, Bluetooth 4.0 and Bluetooth low energy protocols), RFID, NFC, or WLAN. Assistive devices may include sensors to aid in sleep monitoring or environmental monitoring, such as sensors that measure ambient light, noise, and/or sound (e.g., to detect snoring), temperature, humidity, and air quality (pollen, dust, CO2, etc.) . In one embodiment, the secondary device may communicate with an external service or server (eg, a personal computer), such as www.fitbit.com. The communication with the auxiliary device can be implemented via wired (e.g., Ethernet, USB) or wireless (e.g., WLAN, Bluetooth, RFID, NFC, cellular) circuitry and protocols used to transfer data to and/or from the auxiliary device. device communication. The auxiliary device can also act as a means to transfer data from external services such as www.fitbit.com or other services (e.g., data such as news, social network updates, email, calendar notifications, etc.) or servers (e.g., personal , tablet computer) to the biometric monitoring device and/or a repeater that transmits data from the biometric monitoring device to said external service or server. Calculation of user sleep data may be performed on one or both devices or on an external service (eg, cloud server) using data from one or both devices.
辅助装置可配备有显示器以显示由辅助装置获得的数据或由生物计量监视装置、外部服务传送到其的数据或来自生物计量监视装置、辅助装置及/或外部服务的数据的组合。举例来说，辅助装置可显示指示用户的心率、当天的总步数、活动及/或睡眠目标实现、当天的天气(由辅助装置测量或由外部服务针对一位置而报告)等的数据。在另一实例中，辅助装置可显示与用户相对于其他用户的排名有关的数据，例如总的周步数。在又一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可配备有显示器以显示由生物计量监视装置、辅助装置、外部服务或所述三个源的组合获得的数据。在其中第一装置配备有唤醒报警(例如，振动马达、扬声器)的实施例中，辅助装置可充当备用报警器(例如，使用音频扬声器)。辅助装置还可具有接口(例如，显示器及按钮或触摸屏)以创建、删除、修改或启用第一及/或辅助装置上的报警器。The secondary device may be equipped with a display to display data obtained by the secondary device or data transmitted to it by the biometric monitoring device, external service, or a combination of data from the biometric monitoring device, secondary device, and/or external service. For example, the secondary device may display data indicative of the user's heart rate, total steps taken for the day, activity and/or sleep goal achievement, weather for the day (measured by the secondary device or reported by an external service for a location), and the like. In another example, the secondary device may display data related to the ranking of the user relative to other users, such as total weekly steps. In yet another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may be equipped with a display to display data obtained by the biometric monitoring device, an auxiliary device, an external service, or a combination of the three sources. In embodiments where the first device is equipped with a wake-up alarm (eg, vibrating motor, speaker), the secondary device can act as a backup alarm (eg, using an audio speaker). The secondary device may also have an interface (eg, a display and buttons or a touch screen) to create, delete, modify or activate an alarm on the first and/or secondary device.
基于传感器的待用模式Sensor-based standby mode
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可自动地检测或确定其是否附接到用户、安置在用户身上及/或由用户佩戴。响应于检测或确定生物计量监视装置并未附接到用户、安置在用户身上及/或由用户佩戴，生物计量监视装置(或其所选部分)可实施或置于低功率操作模式，例如，光学心率传感器及/或电路可置于较低功率或睡眠模式。举例来说，在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含一或多个光检测器(光电二极管、光晶体管，等)。如果在给定光强度设定(例如，相对于由为生物计量监视装置的部分的光源发出的光)下，一或多个光检测器提供低返回信号，那么生物计量监视装置可将数据解释为指示装置未被佩戴。在此类确定之后，装置可即刻减小其功率消耗，例如通过除其它装置电路或显 示器之外还“停用”或调整紧张及/或心率检测传感器及/或电路的操作条件(例如，通过减小光源及/或检测器的工作循环或停用光源及/或检测器、关掉装置显示器，及/或停用或衰减相关联电路或其部分)。此外，生物计量监视装置可周期性地确定(例如，每秒一次)是否应将紧张及/或心率检测传感器及/或相关联电路的操作条件恢复到正常操作条件(例如，光源、检测器及/或相关联电路应返回到正常操作模式用于进行心率检测)。在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可在检测到可触发事件之后(例如，在检测到装置的运动(例如，基于来自一或多个运动传感器的数据)及/或检测到经由用户接口的用户输入(例如，与生物计量监视装置的触按、碰撞或拨动交互)之后)即刻恢复紧张及/或心率检测传感器及/或相关联电路的操作条件。在一些相关实施例中，出于功率节省目的，生物计量监视装置可在用户活动度不高时将其心率测量收集的默认速率减小到例如每分钟一次测量，且用户可具有例如通过推动按钮而将装置置于按需求或以更快速率(例如，每秒一次)产生测量的操作模式。In another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may automatically detect or determine whether it is attached to, mounted on, and/or worn by the user. In response to detecting or determining that the biometric monitoring device is not attached to, mounted on, and/or worn by the user, the biometric monitoring device (or selected portions thereof) may implement or be placed in a low power mode of operation, for example, The optical heart rate sensor and/or circuitry can be placed in a lower power or sleep mode. For example, in one embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may include one or more photodetectors (photodiodes, phototransistors, etc.). If, at a given light intensity setting (e.g., relative to light emitted by a light source that is part of the biometric monitoring device), one or more light detectors provides a low return signal, the biometric monitoring device may interpret the data as The pointing device is not being worn. Upon such a determination, the device may reduce its power consumption, for example, by "disabling" or adjusting the operating conditions of the stress and/or heart rate detection sensors and/or circuits, among other device circuits or displays (e.g., by Reduce the duty cycle of the light source and/or detector or disable the light source and/or detector, turn off the device display, and/or disable or attenuate associated circuitry or portions thereof). Additionally, the biometric monitoring device may periodically determine (e.g., once per second) whether the operating conditions of the stress and/or heart rate detection sensors and/or associated circuitry should be restored to normal operating conditions (e.g., light sources, detectors, and / or associated circuitry should return to normal operating mode for heart rate detection). In another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may detect a triggerable event (e.g., upon detection of motion of the device (e.g., based on data from one or more motion sensors) and/or upon detection of a triggerable event via the user interface. Immediately following user input (eg, a touch, bump, or toggle interaction with the biometric monitoring device) the stress and/or operating condition of the heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuitry is restored. In some related embodiments, for power saving purposes, the biometric monitoring device may reduce its default rate of heart rate measurement collection to, for example, one measurement per minute when the user is inactive, and the user may have the ability, for example, by pushing a button Instead, the device is placed in a mode of operation that produces measurements on demand or at a faster rate (eg, once per second).
光学传感器optical sensor
在一个实施例中，光学传感器(源及/或检测器)可安置在生物计量监视装置的内部或皮肤侧(即，生物计量监视装置的接触、触碰及/或面向用户皮肤的侧面(下文中称为“皮肤侧”))上。(见，例如，图2A到3C)。在另一实施例中，光学传感器可安置在装置的一或多个侧面上，包含皮肤侧及装置的面向或暴露于周围环境的一或多个侧面(环境侧)。(见，例如，图6A到7)。In one embodiment, optical sensors (sources and/or detectors) may be placed on the interior or skin side of the biometric monitoring device (i.e., the side of the biometric monitoring device that touches, touches, and/or faces the user's skin (lower side). referred to herein as the "skin side")). (See, eg, Figures 2A through 3C). In another embodiment, the optical sensor may be disposed on one or more sides of the device, including the skin side and one or more sides of the device facing or exposed to the surrounding environment (environmental side). (See, eg, Figures 6A through 7).
图6A说明具有带子的便携式监视装置的实例；光学传感器及光发射器可放置在所述带子上。6A illustrates an example of a portable monitoring device with a strap; optical sensors and light emitters can be placed on the strap.
图6B说明具有显示器及腕带的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例。此外，光学PPG(例如，心率)检测传感器及/或发射器可位于生物计量监视装置的侧面上。在一个实施例中，这些各者可位于侧面安装式按钮中。6B illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device with a display and wristband. Additionally, an optical PPG (eg, heart rate) detection sensor and/or transmitter may be located on the side of the biometric monitoring device. In one embodiment, each of these may be located in a side mounted button.
图7描绘用户按压便携式生物计量监视装置的侧面以从侧面安装式光学心率检测传感器进行心率测量。生物计量监视装置的显示器可展示是否已检测到心率及/或显示用户的心率。7 depicts a user pressing the side of a portable biometric monitoring device to take a heart rate measurement from a side mounted optical heart rate detection sensor. The display of the biometric monitoring device may show whether a heart rate has been detected and/or display the user's heart rate.
值得注意的是，来自此些光学传感器的数据可表示生理数据及/或环境数据。实际上，在一个实施例中，光学传感器提供、获取及/或检测来自生物计量监视装置的多个侧面的信息，而不管传感器是否安置在所述多个侧面中的一或多者上。举例来说，光学传感器可获得与环境的环境光条件有关的数据。Notably, data from such optical sensors may represent physiological data and/or environmental data. Indeed, in one embodiment, the optical sensor provides, acquires and/or detects information from multiple sides of the biometric monitoring device, regardless of whether the sensor is disposed on one or more of the multiple sides. For example, an optical sensor may obtain data related to the ambient light conditions of the environment.
在光学传感器安置或布置在生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧上的情况下，在操作中，生 物计量监视装置中的光源可在用户的皮肤上发光，且作为响应，生物计量监视装置中的光检测器可取样、获取及/或检测来自皮肤(及来自身体内部)的对应反射及/或发出的光。一或多个光源及光检测器可按增强或优化信噪比及/或用以减小或最小化所述光源及光检测器的功率消耗的阵列或模式来布置。这些光学传感器可取样、获取及/或检测生理数据，所述生理数据可接着经处理或分析(例如，通过常驻处理电路)以获得表示例如用户的心率、呼吸、心率变化、氧饱和度(SpO2)、血容量、血糖、皮肤湿气及/或皮肤色素沉着水平的数据。Where the optical sensor is positioned or arranged on the skin side of the biometric monitoring device, in operation a light source in the biometric monitoring device may shine light on the user's skin and in response the light in the biometric monitoring device detects The detector can sample, acquire and/or detect corresponding reflected and/or emitted light from the skin (and from inside the body). One or more light sources and light detectors may be arranged in an array or pattern that enhances or optimizes signal-to-noise ratio and/or to reduce or minimize power consumption of the light sources and light detectors. These optical sensors may sample, acquire, and/or detect physiological data, which may then be processed or analyzed (e.g., by resident processing circuitry) to obtain representations such as the user's heart rate, respiration, heart rate variation, oxygen saturation ( SpO2 ), blood volume, blood sugar, skin moisture, and/or skin pigmentation levels.
光源可发出具有特定于或针对于待收集的生理数据的类型的一或多个波长的光。类似地，光学检测器可取样、测量及/或检测也特定于或针对于待收集的生理数据的类型及/或待评估或确定的(用户的)生理参数的一或多个波长。举例来说，在一个实施例中，发出具有在绿光谱中的波长的光的光源(例如，发出具有对应于绿光谱的波长的光的LED)及经定位以取样、测量及/或检测与此光对应的响应或反射的光电二极管可提供可用以确定或检测心率的数据。相比之下，发出具有在红光谱中的波长的光的光源(例如，发出具有对应于红光谱的波长的光的LED)及发出具有在红外线光谱中的波长的光的光源(例如，发出具有对应于IR光谱的波长的光的LED)以及经定位以取样、测量及/或检测此光的响应或反射的光电二极管可提供可用以确定或检测SpO2的数据。The light source may emit light having one or more wavelengths specific or specific to the type of physiological data to be collected. Similarly, the optical detector may sample, measure and/or detect one or more wavelengths that are also specific or specific to the type of physiological data to be collected and/or the physiological parameter (of the user) to be evaluated or determined. For example, in one embodiment, a light source emitting light having a wavelength in the green spectrum (e.g., an LED emitting light having a wavelength corresponding to the green spectrum) and positioned to sample, measure, and/or detect and This light corresponds to a responsive or reflected photodiode that can provide data that can be used to determine or detect heart rate. In contrast, a light source emitting light having a wavelength in the red spectrum (e.g., an LED emitting light having a wavelength corresponding to the red spectrum) and a light source emitting light having a wavelength in the infrared spectrum (e.g., an LED emitting An LED with light corresponding to a wavelength of the IR spectrum) and a photodiode positioned to sample, measure and/or detect the response or reflection of this light can provide data that can be used to determine or detectSp02 .
实际上，在一些实施例中，由光源(例如LED(或一组LED))发出的光的色彩或波长可根据所获取的生理数据的预定类型或操作条件而加以修改、调整及/或控制。此处，可调整及/或控制由光源发出的光的波长以优化及/或增强由检测器获得及/或取样的生理数据的“质量”。举例来说，当用户的皮肤温度或环境温度较低时，由LED发出的光的色彩可从红外线切换到绿以便增强对应于心脏活动的信号。(见，例如图11D)。Indeed, in some embodiments, the color or wavelength of light emitted by a light source such as an LED (or group of LEDs) can be modified, adjusted, and/or controlled according to predetermined types of physiological data being acquired or operating conditions . Here, the wavelength of light emitted by the light source can be adjusted and/or controlled to optimize and/or enhance the "quality" of the physiological data obtained and/or sampled by the detector. For example, when the user's skin temperature or ambient temperature is low, the color of the light emitted by the LED can be switched from infrared to green in order to enhance the signal corresponding to heart activity. (See, eg, Figure 1 ID).
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可在外壳中包含窗口(例如，用以临时审查、不透明的窗口)以促进在光学传感器与用户之间的光发射。此处，所述窗口可准许例如一或多个LED将光(例如，具有所选波长)发出到用户的皮肤上且准许光的响应或反射经由所述窗口向回通过以由例如一或多个光电二极管进行取样、测量及/或检测。在一个实施例中，与发出及接收光有关的电路可安置在装置外壳的内部且在塑料或玻璃层(例如，喷涂有红外线墨水)或红外线透镜或滤波器(其准许红外光通过但不准许在人视觉光谱中的光通过)的下方或后方。以此方式，所述窗口的光透射不可由人眼所见。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may include a window (eg, for temporary inspection, an opaque window) in the housing to facilitate light emission between the optical sensor and the user. Here, the window may permit, for example, one or more LEDs to emit light (e.g., of a selected wavelength) onto the user's skin and permit a response or reflection of the light to pass back through the window to be transmitted by, for example, one or more LEDs. photodiodes for sampling, measurement and/or detection. In one embodiment, the circuitry related to emitting and receiving light may be housed inside the device housing and between layers of plastic or glass (e.g., sprayed with infrared ink) or infrared lenses or filters (which allow infrared light to pass but not Below or behind the passage of light in the human visual spectrum). In this way, the light transmission of the window is not visible to the human eye.
生物计量监视装置可使用光管或其它透光结构以促进光从光源发射到用户的身体及皮肤。(见，例如，图4A到5)。就此而言，在一些实施例中，光可经由此些光管或其它透光结构从光源导向用户的皮肤。来自用户身体的散射光可经由相同或类似结构向回 导向生物计量监视装置中的光学电路。实际上，所述透光结构可使用促进低光损失的材料及/或光学设计(例如，透光结构可包含促进光收集的透镜，且透光结构的部分可用反射材料涂布或邻近于反射材料以促进光在透光结构内的内反射)，由此改善光检测器的信噪比及/或促进减小光源及/或光检测器的功率消耗。在一些实施例中，光管或其它透光结构可包含选择性地发射具有一或多个特定或预定波长的光(发射效率比具有其它波长的光的发射效率高)的材料，由此充当带通滤波器。此类带通滤波器可经调谐以改善特定生理数据类型的信号。举例来说，在一个实施例中，可实施模内贴标或“IML”透光结构，其中所述透光结构使用具有预定或所需光学特性的材料来创建特定带通特性，以便例如使红外光的通过效率高于具有其它波长的光(例如，具有在人可见光谱中的波长的光)。在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可使用具有光学不透明部分(包含某些光学特性)及光学透明部分(包含不同于光学不透明部分的光学特性)的透光结构。此类透光结构可经由双注射或两步模制工艺来提供，其中将光学不透明材料与光学透明材料单独地注入到模具中。实施此类透光结构的生物计量监视装置可取决于穿过透光结构的光行进方向而针对不同波长包含不同光透射特性。举例来说，在一个实施例中，光学不透明材料可反射特定波长范围以便更高效地将光从用户的身体发射回到光检测器(其可具有相对于所发出光的波长的不同波长)。Biometric monitoring devices may use light pipes or other light transmissive structures to facilitate emission of light from the light source to the user's body and skin. (See, eg, Figures 4A through 5). In this regard, in some embodiments, light may be directed from the light source to the user's skin via such light pipes or other light transmissive structures. Scattered light from the user's body can be directed back to the optical circuitry in the biometric monitoring device via the same or similar structure. Indeed, the light-transmitting structure may use materials and/or optical designs that promote low light loss (for example, the light-transmitting structure may include lenses that facilitate light collection, and portions of the light-transmitting structure may be coated with reflective material or adjacent to reflective materials to facilitate internal reflection of light within the light-transmissive structure), thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the photodetector and/or facilitating reduced power consumption of the light source and/or photodetector. In some embodiments, a light pipe or other light transmissive structure may comprise a material that selectively emits light of one or more specific or predetermined wavelengths more efficiently than light of other wavelengths, thereby serving as a bandpass filter. Such bandpass filters can be tuned to improve the signal for certain types of physiological data. For example, in one embodiment, in-mold labeling or "IML" light-transmissive structures may be implemented where the light-transmissive structures use materials with predetermined or desired optical properties to create specific bandpass characteristics such that, for example, Infrared light has a higher passing efficiency than light with other wavelengths (for example, light with wavelengths in the human visible spectrum). In another embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may use a light transmissive structure having an optically opaque portion comprising certain optical properties and an optically transparent portion comprising optical properties different from the optically opaque portion. Such light transmissive structures may be provided via a double injection or two step molding process, where optically opaque and optically transparent materials are injected into the mold separately. A biometric monitoring device implementing such a light-transmissive structure may contain different light transmission characteristics for different wavelengths depending on the direction of light travel through the light-transmissive structure. For example, in one embodiment, an optically opaque material may reflect a specific range of wavelengths in order to more efficiently transmit light from the user's body back to the light detector (which may have a different wavelength relative to the wavelength of the emitted light).
在另一实施例中，反射结构可放置在光发射器及/或光检测器的视野中。举例来说，具有将光从光发射器引导到用户的皮肤及/或从用户的皮肤引导到光检测器的孔(或经由执行此取道行进的透光结构)的侧面可覆盖在反射材料(例如，镀铬)中以促进光透射。反射材料可增大将光从光源传输到皮肤且接着从皮肤传输回到检测器的效率。可用光学环氧树脂或其它透明材料填充反射性涂布孔以防止液体进入装置主体同时仍允许以低透射损失透射光。In another embodiment, reflective structures may be placed in the field of view of the light emitters and/or light detectors. For example, sides with holes that direct light from the light emitter to the user's skin and/or from the user's skin to the light detector (or through light-transmitting structures that do so) may be covered in a reflective material ( For example, chrome plating) to facilitate light transmission. The reflective material can increase the efficiency of light transmission from the light source to the skin and then from the skin back to the detector. Reflective coated holes may be filled with optical epoxy or other transparent material to prevent liquid from entering the device body while still allowing light to be transmitted with low transmission loss.
在实施透光结构(例如，经由IML创建或形成的结构)的另一实施例中，此些透光结构可包含由不透明材料组成的掩模，所述不透明材料限制一个、一些或所有光源及/或检测器的孔径。以此方式，透光结构可选择性地“界定”将光发射到或从其检测光的用户身体的优选体积。值得注意的是，可结合本文中描述及/或说明的概念使用或实施其它掩模配置；用以例如改善光电容积图信号且结合本文中所描述及/或说明的概念实施的所有此些遮蔽配置既定落入本发明的范围内。In another embodiment implementing light-transmissive structures (eg, structures created or formed via IML), such light-transmissive structures may include a mask composed of an opaque material that confines one, some, or all light sources and and/or the aperture of the detector. In this way, the light transmissive structure may selectively "bound" a preferred volume of the user's body into which light is emitted or from which light is detected. It is worth noting that other mask configurations may be used or implemented in conjunction with the concepts described and/or illustrated herein; all such masking to, for example, improve the photoplethysmographic signal and implemented in conjunction with the concepts described and/or illustrated herein configurations are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
在另一实施例中，光发射器及/或检测器可经配置以经由装置外部中的孔或一系列孔发射光。可用透光环氧树脂(例如光学环氧树脂)填充此孔或此系列孔。环氧树脂可形成导光柱，其允许光从光发射器发射到皮肤以及从皮肤发射回到光检测器。此技术还具有以下优点：环氧树脂可形成防水密封，从而防止水、汗液或其它液体通过装置外部上的孔进入装置主体，所述孔允许光发射器及检测器将光发射到生物计量监视装置主体外部以及从生物计量监视装置主体外部接收光。具有高热导率的环氧树脂可用以帮助防止光源(例如，LED)过热。In another embodiment, the light emitters and/or detectors may be configured to emit light through an aperture or series of apertures in the exterior of the device. The hole, or series of holes, may be filled with light transmissive epoxy, such as optical epoxy. The epoxy can form a light guide that allows light to be emitted from the light emitter to the skin and from the skin back to the light detector. This technology also has the advantage that the epoxy creates a watertight seal that prevents water, sweat, or other liquids from entering the body of the device through holes on the exterior of the device that allow light emitters and detectors to emit light to biometric monitoring Light is received outside the device body and from outside the biometric monitoring device body. Epoxies with high thermal conductivity can be used to help prevent light sources (eg, LEDs) from overheating.
在本文所述的透光结构中的任一者中，光学器件(透光结构)或装置主体的暴露表面可包含硬涂漆、硬浸涂物或光学涂层(例如抗反射、抗刮擦、防雾及/或波长带阻挡(例如紫外光阻挡)涂层)。此些特性或材料可改善生物计量监视装置的操作、准确度及/或耐久性。In any of the light-transmissive structures described herein, the exposed surface of the optic (light-transmissive structure) or device body may comprise a hard paint, hard dip-coat, or optical coating (e.g., anti-reflection, anti-scratch , anti-fog and/or wavelength band blocking (eg UV blocking) coatings). Such properties or materials may improve the operation, accuracy and/or durability of the biometric monitoring device.
图4A说明一个潜在PPG光源及光电检测器几何形状的实例。在此实施例中，两个光源放置在光电检测器的任一侧面上。这三个装置位于腕带型生物计量监视装置(其侧面面向用户的皮肤)的背面上的突起中。Figure 4A illustrates an example of a potential PPG light source and photodetector geometry. In this embodiment, two light sources are placed on either side of the photodetector. These three devices are located in protrusions on the back of the wristband-type biometric monitoring device with its side facing the user's skin.
图4B及4C说明具有光电检测器及两个LED光源的PPG传感器的实例。这些组件放置于在背侧上具有突起的生物计量监视装置中。光管光学连接LED及光电检测器与用户皮肤的表面。在皮肤下方，来自光源的光从身体中的血液散射，其中的一些可散射或反射回到光电检测器中。4B and 4C illustrate an example of a PPG sensor with a photodetector and two LED light sources. These components are placed in a biometric monitoring device with protrusions on the back side. The light pipe optically connects the LED and photodetector to the surface of the user's skin. Under the skin, light from the light source is scattered from the blood in the body, some of which may be scattered or reflected back into the photodetector.
图5说明具有拥有突起的经优化PPG检测器的生物计量监视装置的实例，所述突起具有弯曲侧面以免使用户感到不适。此外，将光电检测器及LED光学耦合到佩戴者的皮肤的光管的表面为波状以最大化LED及光电检测器与光管之间的光通量耦合。光管的面向用户皮肤的末端也为波状。此轮廓可使光聚焦或散焦以优化PPG信号。举例来说，所述轮廓可使所发射光聚焦到符合可能发生血液流动的区域的某一深度及位置。这些焦点的顶点可重叠在一起或极为接近以使得光电检测器接收最大可能量的散射光。5 illustrates an example of a biometric monitoring device with an optimized PPG detector having a protrusion with curved sides to avoid discomfort to the user. Additionally, the surface of the light pipe that optically couples the photodetectors and LEDs to the wearer's skin is contoured to maximize light flux coupling between the LEDs and photodetectors and the light pipe. The end of the light pipe facing the user's skin is also corrugated. This profile can focus or defocus the light to optimize the PPG signal. For example, the profile can focus emitted light to a certain depth and location consistent with areas where blood flow is likely to occur. The vertices of these foci can overlap or be very close together so that the photodetector receives the largest possible amount of scattered light.
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置在装置的皮肤侧上可包含凹面或凸面形状(例如透镜)，以使光朝向皮肤中的特定深度处的特定体积聚焦且增大将光从所述点收集到光电检测器的效率。(见，例如，图4A到5)。在此类生物计量监视装置也使用光管以选择性地且可控制地路由光的情况下，对导光柱的末端进行塑形而使其具有一定程度的圆柱度(例如，导光柱的末端可为由名义上平行于皮肤侧的圆柱体轴线界定的圆柱形表面(或其部分))可为有利的(例如，替代使用轴向对称的透镜)。举例来说，在腕带式生物计量监视装置中，此类圆柱形透镜可经定向而使得圆柱体轴线名义上平行于佩戴者的前臂，此举可具有限制从平行于人的前臂的方向进入此类透镜的光的量且增大从垂直于人的前臂的方向进入此类透镜的光的量的效果，因为与被绑带遮蔽的方向(即，垂直于用户的前臂)相比，环境光更可能从未被生物计量监视装置的绑带遮蔽的方向(即沿着用户的前臂轴线) 到达传感器检测区域，此类配置可通过增大将光从发射器传送到用户皮肤上或其中的效率同时减少由光电检测器检测或收集的“杂散”光而改善信噪比。以此方式，由光电检测器取样、测量及/或检测的信号由较少的杂散光及对此所发射光的较多的用户皮肤/身体响应(表示对所发射光的响应的信号或数据)组成。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may include a concave or convex shape (such as a lens) on the skin side of the device to focus light towards a specific volume at a specific depth in the skin and increase the collection of light from that point. to the efficiency of the photodetector. (See, eg, Figures 4A through 5). In cases where such biometric monitoring devices also use light pipes to selectively and controllably route light, the ends of the light-guiding rods are shaped to have a degree of cylindricity (e.g., the ends of the light-guiding rods can be It may be advantageous to be a cylindrical surface (or part thereof) bounded by a cylinder axis nominally parallel to the skin side (eg instead of using an axially symmetric lens). For example, in a wrist-worn biometric monitoring device, such cylindrical lenses may be oriented such that the cylinder axis is nominally parallel to the wearer's forearm, which may have the effect of restricting access from directions parallel to the person's forearm. The amount of light of such lenses and the effect of increasing the amount of light entering such lenses from a direction perpendicular to the person's forearm, because the ambient Light is more likely to reach the sensor detection area from directions unobscured by the straps of the biometric monitoring device (i.e., along the axis of the user's forearm). The signal-to-noise ratio is also improved by reducing the "stray" light detected or collected by the photodetector. In this way, the signal sampled, measured and/or detected by the photodetector consists of less stray light and more user skin/body response to the emitted light (signal or data representing the response to the emitted light )composition.
在另一实施例中，透光环氧树脂可模制成凹面或凸面形状以便也为传感器提供有益的光学特性。举例来说，在涂覆透光环氧树脂期间，由所述环氧树脂形成的透光结构的顶部可经塑形为凹面表面以使得光更有效地耦合到透光结构。In another embodiment, the light transmissive epoxy can be molded into a concave or convex shape to also provide the sensor with beneficial optical properties. For example, during application of a light-transmissive epoxy, the top of the light-transmissive structure formed from the epoxy can be shaped into a concave surface to enable more efficient coupling of light into the light-transmissive structure.
在一个实施例中，光学传感器的组件可定位在装置的皮肤侧上，且经布置或定位以减小或最小化(i)光源及/或相关联检测器与(ii)用户皮肤之间的距离。见例如图3A，其提供实例便携式监视装置的传感器突起的横截面图。在图3A中，两个光源(例如，LED)放置在光电检测器的任一侧面上以实现PPG感测。挡光材料放置在光源与光电检测器之间以防止来自光源的任何光到达光电检测器而不首先退出生物计量监视装置的主体。柔性透明层可放置在传感器突起的下部表面上以形成密封。此透明层可服务于其它功能，例如防止液体在放置光源或光电检测器的位置处进入装置。可经由模内贴标或“IML”形成此透明层。光源及光电检测器可放置在柔性PCB上。In one embodiment, components of the optical sensor may be positioned on the skin side of the device and arranged or positioned to reduce or minimize interference between (i) the light source and/or associated detector and (ii) the user's skin. distance. See, eg, FIG. 3A, which provides a cross-sectional view of a sensor protrusion of an example portable monitoring device. In FIG. 3A, two light sources (eg, LEDs) are placed on either side of the photodetector to enable PPG sensing. A light blocking material is placed between the light source and the photodetector to prevent any light from the light source from reaching the photodetector without first exiting the body of the biometric monitoring device. A flexible transparent layer can be placed on the lower surface of the sensor protrusion to form a seal. This transparent layer can serve other functions, such as preventing liquid from entering the device where the light source or photodetector is placed. This transparent layer can be formed via in-mold labelling, or "IML." The light source and photodetector can be placed on the flexible PCB.
此类配置可改善光学传感器的组件与用户身体之间的光通量耦合效率。举例来说，在一个实施例中，光源及/或相关联检测器可安置在柔性或可弯曲衬底上，所述柔性或可弯曲衬底可挠曲，从而允许生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧(其可由顺应性材料制成)符合(例如，无需额外处理)或能够经塑形(或顺应性的)以符合生物计量监视装置在正常操作期间耦合到或附接到的身体部分(例如，用户的手腕、手臂、脚踝及/或腿)的形状，以使得光源及/或相关联检测器接近于用户的皮肤(即，在装置的皮肤侧与用户皮肤的邻近表面之间几乎无间隙)。见例如图6A。在一个实施例中，光源及/或相关联检测器可安置在平坦柔性缆线(Flat Flex Cable)或“FFC”或柔性PCB上。在此实施例中，柔性或可弯曲衬底(例如，FFC或柔性PCB)可连接到装置内的其上安置有其它组件(例如，数据处理电路)的第二衬底(例如，PCB)。不同高度的光学组件可安装到柔性衬底的不同“指形件”且经按压或紧固到外壳表面，使得光学组件与外壳表面齐平。在一个实施例中，第二衬底可为相对无柔性或不可弯曲衬底，固定在装置内，其上安置有其它电路及组件(无源及/或有源)。Such configurations can improve the coupling efficiency of light flux between components of the optical sensor and the user's body. For example, in one embodiment, the light source and/or associated detector may be mounted on a flexible or bendable substrate that is flexible, allowing the skin side of the biometric monitoring device to (It may be made of compliant material) conforms (eg, without additional processing) or can be shaped (or conformable) to conform to the body part to which the biometric monitoring device is coupled or attached during normal operation (eg, The shape of the user's wrist, arm, ankle, and/or leg) so that the light source and/or associated detector are close to the user's skin (i.e., there is little gap between the skin side of the device and the adjacent surface of the user's skin) . See eg Figure 6A. In one embodiment, the light source and/or associated detector may be mounted on a Flat Flex Cable or "FFC" or flexible PCB. In this embodiment, a flexible or bendable substrate (eg, FFC or flex PCB) may be connected to a second substrate (eg, PCB) within the device on which other components (eg, data processing circuitry) are disposed. Optical components of different heights can be mounted to different "fingers" of the flexible substrate and pressed or fastened to the housing surface so that the optical components are flush with the housing surface. In one embodiment, the second substrate may be a relatively inflexible or inflexible substrate, fixed within the device, on which other circuits and components (passive and/or active) are disposed.
图3B描绘实例便携式监视装置的传感器突起的横截面图；此突起类似于图3A中所呈现的突起，只是光源及光电检测器放置在平坦及/或硬质的PCB上。3B depicts a cross-sectional view of a sensor protrusion of an example portable monitoring device; this protrusion is similar to that presented in FIG. 3A except that the light source and photodetector are placed on a flat and/or rigid PCB.
图3C提供实例PPG传感器实施方案的另一横截面图。值得注意的是，此PPG传感 器中没有突起。此外，液体垫圈及/或压敏粘合剂用以防止液体进入生物计量监视装置主体。Figure 3C provides another cross-sectional view of an example PPG sensor embodiment. It is worth noting that there are no protrusions in this PPG sensor. Additionally, liquid gaskets and/or pressure sensitive adhesives are used to prevent liquids from entering the body of the biometric monitoring device.
生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可适于佩戴或携带在用户身体上。在包含光学心率监视器的一些实施例中，装置可为例如手表或手镯等手腕佩戴式或手臂安装式装饰品。(见，例如，图2A到7)。在一个实施例中，光学心率监视器的光学元件可位于生物计量监视装置的内部或皮肤侧上，例如在生物计量监视装置佩戴在手腕上时面向手腕的顶部(即，光学心率监视器可邻近于且面向手腕)。(见，例如，图2A到3C)。Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device may be adapted to be worn or carried on the user's body. In some embodiments that include an optical heart rate monitor, the device may be a wrist-worn or arm-mounted ornament such as a watch or bracelet. (See, eg, Figures 2A through 7). In one embodiment, the optics of the optical heart rate monitor may be located on the interior or skin side of the biometric monitoring device, such as facing the top of the wrist when the biometric monitoring device is worn on the wrist (i.e., the optical heart rate monitor may be adjacent on and facing the wrist). (See, eg, Figures 2A through 3C).
在另一实施例中，光学心率监视器可位于生物计量监视装置的一或多个外部或环境侧表面上。(见，例如，图6B及7)。在此些实施例中，用户可用相反手的手指触碰光学窗口(光学心率监视器的光学元件位于其后方)以起始心率测量(及/或与心率有关的其它度量，例如心率变化)及/或收集可用以确定用户的心率(及/或与心率有关的其它度量)的数据。(见，例如，图6B)。在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置可通过检测光电二极管上的入射光的(突然)下降而触发或起始测量，例如，当用户的手指放置在光学窗口上时。另外或替代地，可由基于红外线的接近度检测器及/或电容式触碰/接近度检测器(其可与其它检测器分开)来触发心率测量(或其它此类度量)。此种基于红外线的接近度检测器及/或电容式触碰/接近度检测器可安置在光学窗口中或其上及/或功能上、电及/或物理地耦合到光学窗口以检测或确定例如用户手指的存在。In another embodiment, an optical heart rate monitor may be located on one or more exterior or ambient side surfaces of the biometric monitoring device. (See, eg, Figures 6B and 7). In such embodiments, the user may touch the optical window (behind which the optics of the optical heart rate monitor is located) with a finger of the opposite hand to initiate a heart rate measurement (and/or other metrics related to heart rate, such as heart rate variability) and and/or collect data that can be used to determine the user's heart rate (and/or other metrics related to heart rate). (See, eg, Figure 6B). In one embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may trigger or initiate a measurement by detecting a (sudden) drop in incident light on the photodiode, for example, when a user's finger is placed on the optical window. Additionally or alternatively, heart rate measurements (or other such metrics) may be triggered by infrared-based proximity detectors and/or capacitive touch/proximity detectors (which may be separate from the other detectors). Such infrared-based proximity detectors and/or capacitive touch/proximity detectors may be disposed in or on the optical window and/or functionally, electrically and/or physically coupled to the optical window to detect or determine For example the presence of a user's finger.
在又一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含按钮，所述按钮在被按下时触发或起始心率测量(及/或与心率有关的其它度量)。所述按钮可安置在极接近光学窗口处以在手指放在光学窗口上时方便用户按压按钮。(见，例如，图7)。在一个实施例中，光学窗口可嵌入在推动按钮中。因而，当用户按压按钮时，其可触发对按下按钮的手指的测量。实际上，可赋予按钮某种形状及/或按压阻力，其增强或优化按钮抵抗手指的压力分布以在测量或数据获取期间提供高信噪比。在其它实施例中(未说明)，生物计量监视装置可呈夹片、光滑对象、挂件、脚镯、带等适于佩戴在身体上、夹到或安装到一件衣服、存放在衣服中(例如，口袋中)或存放在装饰品(例如，手提包)中的形式。In yet another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may include a button that, when pressed, triggers or initiates a heart rate measurement (and/or other metrics related to heart rate). The button may be placed in close proximity to the optical window to facilitate the user's pressing of the button when a finger is placed on the optical window. (See, eg, Figure 7). In one embodiment, the optical window can be embedded in the push button. Thus, when the user presses the button, it can trigger a measurement of the finger pressing the button. Indeed, the button can be given a shape and/or a resistance to pressing that enhances or optimizes the pressure distribution of the button against the finger to provide a high signal-to-noise ratio during measurement or data acquisition. In other embodiments (not illustrated), the biometric monitoring device may be in the form of a clip, slippery object, pendant, anklet, strap, etc. adapted to be worn on the body, clipped or mounted to a piece of clothing, stored in clothing ( For example, in a pocket) or stored in an ornament (for example, a handbag).
在一个特定实施例中，生物计量监视装置可在装置的皮肤侧或内侧上包含突起。(见，图2A到6A)。当耦合到用户时，所述突起可比周围装置主体用更大力啮合皮肤。在此实施例中，光学窗口或透光结构(其两者皆在上文详细论述)可形成突起的一部分或并入在突起中。光学传感器的光发射器及/或检测器可在窗口或透光结构附近安置或布置在突起中。(见，例如，图2B及6A)。由此，当附接到用户的身体时，生物计量监视装置的突起的窗口部分可比周围装置主体用更大力啮合用户的皮肤，由此在用户的皮肤与光学 窗口之间提供更牢固的物理耦合。即，所述突起可在生物计量监视装置与用户的皮肤之间引起持久接触，其可减少由光电检测器测量的杂散光的量、减小生物计量监视装置与用户之间的相对运动，及/或提供对用户皮肤的改善的局部压力；所有这些可提高所关注的心脏信号的质量。值得注意的是，所述突起可含有受益于与用户皮肤的紧密接近及/或牢固接触的其它传感器。这些传感器可除了心率传感器之外或替代心率传感器而包含在内，且包含例如皮肤温度传感器(例如，利用通过热环氧树脂接合到突起的外表面的光学窗口或热敏电阻器的非接触式热电堆)、脉搏血氧定量计、血压传感器、EMG或皮肤电响应(GSR)传感器等传感器。In one particular embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may include protrusions on the skin side or inside of the device. (See, Figures 2A to 6A). When coupled to a user, the protrusions can engage the skin with greater force than the surrounding device body. In this embodiment, the optical window or light transmissive structure (both of which are discussed in detail above) may form part of or be incorporated in the protrusion. The light emitters and/or detectors of the optical sensor may be positioned near the window or the light-transmitting structure or arranged in a protrusion. (See, eg, Figures 2B and 6A). Thus, when attached to the user's body, the raised window portion of the biometric monitoring device can engage the user's skin with greater force than the surrounding device body, thereby providing a stronger physical coupling between the user's skin and the optical window . That is, the protrusions can induce permanent contact between the biometric monitoring device and the user's skin, which can reduce the amount of stray light measured by the photodetector, reduce relative motion between the biometric monitoring device and the user, and and/or provide improved localized pressure on the user's skin; all of which may improve the quality of the cardiac signal of interest. Notably, the protrusions may contain other sensors that benefit from close proximity and/or firm contact with the user's skin. These sensors may be included in addition to or instead of heart rate sensors and include, for example, skin temperature sensors (e.g., non-contact sensors utilizing optical windows or thermistors bonded to the exterior surface of the protrusion by thermal epoxy). sensors such as thermopiles), pulse oximeters, blood pressure sensors, EMG or galvanic skin response (GSR) sensors.
另外或替代地，生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧的一部分可包含摩擦增强机构或材料。举例来说，生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧可包含多个凸起或凹陷的区或部分(例如，小凸块、隆脊、凹槽及/或麻点)。此外，摩擦增强材料(例如，例如硅氧烷等凝胶样材料或其它弹性材料)可安置在皮肤侧上。实际上，由凝胶制成的装置背面也可提供摩擦，同时也改善用户舒适度且防止杂散光进入。如上文所指出，摩擦增强机构或材料可单独地或结合如本文所描述的具有突起的生物计量监视装置来使用。就此而言，生物计量监视装置可在装置的突起部分中或上包含多个凸起或凹陷的区或部分(例如，小凸块、隆脊、凹槽及/或麻点)。实际上，此些凸起或凹陷的区或部分可并入/嵌入到突起的窗口部分中或上。另外或替代地，突起部分可由摩擦增强材料(例如，例如硅氧烷等凝胶样材料)组成或用所述摩擦增强材料涂布。值得注意的是，突起及/或摩擦的使用可通过减小生物计量监视装置(且因而传感器)在操作过程中(尤其是用户正在运动时)相对于用户的皮肤的运动而改善对应于某些参数(例如，心率、心率变化、皮肤电响应、皮肤温度、皮肤着色、热通量、血压、血糖等)的数据获取的测量准确度。Additionally or alternatively, a portion of the skin side of the biometric monitoring device may contain a friction enhancing mechanism or material. For example, the skin side of a biometric monitoring device may include a plurality of raised or recessed regions or portions (eg, small bumps, ridges, grooves, and/or pits). Additionally, a friction enhancing material (eg, a gel-like material such as silicone or other elastic material) may be disposed on the skin side. In fact, the back of the device, made of gel, also provides friction while also improving user comfort and preventing stray light from entering. As noted above, friction enhancing mechanisms or materials may be used alone or in combination with a biometric monitoring device with protrusions as described herein. In this regard, a biometric monitoring device may include a plurality of raised or recessed regions or portions (eg, small bumps, ridges, grooves, and/or dimples) in or on a raised portion of the device. Indeed, such raised or recessed regions or portions may be incorporated/embedded in or onto the raised window portion. Additionally or alternatively, the raised portion may consist of or be coated with a friction enhancing material (eg, a gel-like material such as silicone). It is worth noting that the use of protrusions and/or friction can improve the ability to respond to certain sensors by reducing motion of the biometric monitoring device (and thus the sensor) relative to the user's skin during operation (especially when the user is exercising). Measurement accuracy of data acquisition of parameters (eg, heart rate, heart rate variability, galvanic skin response, skin temperature, skin coloration, heat flux, blood pressure, blood glucose, etc.).
生物计量监视装置的内部或皮肤侧外壳的一些或全部还可由金属材料(例如，钢，不锈钢，铝，镁或钛)组成。此类配置可提供结构硬度。(见，例如，图2B)。在此类实施例中，装置主体可经设计以通过使用低致敏性“无镍”不锈钢而为低致敏性的。值得注意的是，使用(至少在某些位置中)至少略含二价铁的某类型的金属(例如，为二价铁的不锈钢等级)可为有利的。在此些实施例中，生物计量监视装置(其中其包含可再充电的能量源(例如，可再充电电池))可经由连接器与充电器互连，所述连接器使用耦合到二价铁材料的磁体而将自身紧固到生物计量监视装置。此外，生物计量监视装置还可使用此磁性特性啮合底座或扩展坞以促进数据传送。此外，此类外壳可提供增强型电磁屏蔽，其将增强光学心率传感器及心率数据获取过程/操作的完整性及可靠性。此外，皮肤温度传感器可例如通过热环氧树脂物理耦合且热耦合到金属主体以感测用户的温度。在包含突 起的实施例中，传感器可定位在突起附近或突起中以提供到用户皮肤的牢固接触及局部化的热耦合。Some or all of the internal or skin-side housing of the biometric monitoring device may also be composed of a metallic material (eg, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, or titanium). Such configurations provide structural rigidity. (See, eg, Figure 2B). In such embodiments, the device body can be designed to be hypoallergenic through the use of hypoallergenic "nickel-free" stainless steel. Notably, it may be advantageous to use (at least in some locations) some type of metal that is at least slightly ferrous (eg, a grade of stainless steel that is ferrous). In such embodiments, the biometric monitoring device (where it includes a rechargeable energy source (e.g., a rechargeable battery)) can be interconnected with a charger via a connector using a The magnets of the material secure themselves to the biometric monitoring device. Additionally, biometric monitoring devices can use this magnetic feature to engage a base or docking station to facilitate data transfer. Additionally, such housings may provide enhanced electromagnetic shielding which will enhance the integrity and reliability of the optical heart rate sensor and heart rate data acquisition process/operation. Additionally, a skin temperature sensor may be physically coupled and thermally coupled to the metal body, eg, by thermal epoxy, to sense the user's temperature. In embodiments that include protrusions, the sensor may be positioned near or in the protrusions to provide secure contact and localized thermal coupling to the user's skin.
在优选实施例中，光学传感器的一或多个组件(在一个实施例中，其可位于突起中，及/或在另一实施例中，其可安置或放置地与生物计量监视装置的表面齐平)经由不漏液密封(即，防止液体进入生物计量监视装置的主体中的方法/机构)而附接、固定、包含及/或紧固到生物计量监视装置。例如，在一个实施例中，由金属(例如但不限于不锈钢、铝、镁或钛)或硬质塑料制成的装置背面可提供足够坚硬以维持装置的结构完整性同时适应传感器封装的不漏水密封的结构。(见，例如，图2B到3C)。In a preferred embodiment, one or more components of the optical sensor (in one embodiment, it may be located in a protrusion, and/or in another embodiment, it may be seated or placed in contact with the surface of the biometric monitoring device Flush) is attached, secured, contained and/or secured to the biometric monitoring device via a liquid-tight seal (ie, a method/mechanism that prevents liquids from entering the body of the biometric monitoring device). For example, in one embodiment, a back of the device made of metal (such as, but not limited to, stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, or titanium) or rigid plastic may provide sufficient rigidity to maintain the structural integrity of the device while accommodating a watertight seal for the sensor package. Sealed structure. (See, eg, Figures 2B through 3C).
在优选实施例中，光学传感器的封装或模块可通过压敏粘着剂及液体垫圈连接到装置。见例如图3C，其提供PPG传感器实施方案的另一横截面图。值得注意的是，此PPG传感器中没有突起。此外，液体垫圈及/或压敏粘合剂用以防止液体进入装置主体。举例来说，如果在光学传感器封装/模块与装置主体之间需要更坚固或更耐久的连接，那么还可使用螺钉、铆钉等等。值得注意的是，本实施例还可使用例如戈尔特斯(Gore-Tex)、o形环、密封剂、油脂或环氧树脂等防水胶、疏水性隔膜来将光学传感器封装/模块紧固或附接到生物计量监视装置主体。In a preferred embodiment, the package or module of the optical sensor can be attached to the device by a pressure sensitive adhesive and a liquid gasket. See, eg, Figure 3C, which provides another cross-sectional view of a PPG sensor embodiment. Notably, there are no protrusions in this PPG sensor. Additionally, liquid gaskets and/or pressure sensitive adhesives are used to prevent liquids from entering the body of the device. For example, if a stronger or more durable connection is desired between the optical sensor package/module and the device body, screws, rivets, etc. may also be used. It is worth noting that this embodiment can also use waterproof adhesives, hydrophobic membranes such as Gore-Tex, o-rings, sealants, grease or epoxy to fasten the optical sensor package/module Or attached to the body of the biometric monitoring device.
如上文所论述，生物计量监视装置可包含安置在皮肤侧或内侧上的包含高反射率特性的材料，例如经抛光不锈钢、反射性油漆及经抛光塑料。以此方式，从装置的皮肤侧散射的光可反射回到皮肤以便例如改善光学心率传感器的信噪比。实际上，与非反射性(或较小反射性)的装置主体背面相比，此有效地增大输入光信号。值得注意的是，在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧或内侧的色彩可经选择以提供某些光学特性(例如，反射特定或预定波长的光)，以便改善关于某些生理数据类型的信号。举例来说，在生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧或内侧为绿色的情况下，可归因于对应于绿光谱的波长的光的优选发射而增强心率的测量。在生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧或内侧为红色的情况下，可归因于对应于红光谱的波长的光的优选发射而增强SpO2的测量。在一个实施例中，可根据所获取的生理数据的预定类型而修改、调整及/或控制生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧或内侧的色彩。As discussed above, biometric monitoring devices may include materials that include high reflectivity properties, such as polished stainless steel, reflective paint, and polished plastic, disposed on the skin side or inside. In this way, light scattered from the skin side of the device may be reflected back to the skin in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heart rate sensor, for example. In effect, this effectively increases the input optical signal compared to a non-reflective (or less reflective) back of the device body. Notably, in one embodiment, the color of the skin side or inside of the biometric monitoring device may be selected to provide certain optical properties (e.g., reflect specific or predetermined wavelengths of light) in order to improve information about certain physiological data. type of signal. For example, where the skin side or inside of the biometric monitoring device is green, the measurement of heart rate may be enhanced due to the preferential emission of light corresponding to wavelengths of the green spectrum. Where the skin side or inside of the biometric monitoring device is red, the measurement ofSpO2 may be enhanced due to the preferential emission of light corresponding to wavelengths of the red spectrum. In one embodiment, the color of the skin side or inside of the biometric monitoring device may be modified, adjusted and/or controlled according to a predetermined type of physiological data acquired.
图11A描绘光学心率传感器的实例示意性框图，其中光从光源朝向用户的皮肤发出，且此光从用户的皮肤/身体内部的反射由光检测器感测，来自光检测器的信号随后通过模/数转换器(ADC)数字化。可修改光源的强度(例如，经由光源强度控制模块)以维持合乎需要的反射信号强度。举例来说，可减小光源强度以避免来自光检测器的输出信号饱和。作为另一实例，可增大光源强度以将来自光检测器的输出信号维持在所需输出值 范围内。值得注意的是，系统的主动控制可经由线性或非线性控制方法(例如，比例-积分-微分(PID)控制、固定步长控制、预测性控制、神经网络、滞后，等等)来实现，且还可使用从装置中的其它传感器导出的信息(例如运动、皮肤电响应，等)。提供图11A用于说明而非将此些系统的实施方案限于例如集成在MCU内的ADC或在这方面使用MCU。其它可能实施方案包含使用一或多个内部或外部ADC、FPGA、ASIC，等。11A depicts an example schematic block diagram of an optical heart rate sensor, where light is emitted from a light source towards the user's skin, and the reflection of this light from the user's skin/inside the body is sensed by a light detector, the signal from which is then passed through the analog /digital converter (ADC) digitization. The intensity of the light source can be modified (eg, via a light source intensity control module) to maintain a desired reflected signal intensity. For example, the light source intensity can be reduced to avoid saturation of the output signal from the photodetector. As another example, the intensity of the light source can be increased to maintain the output signal from the photodetector within a desired range of output values. Notably, active control of the system can be achieved via linear or nonlinear control methods (e.g., proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, fixed-step control, predictive control, neural networks, hysteresis, etc.), And information derived from other sensors in the device (eg motion, galvanic skin response, etc.) may also be used. FIG. 11A is provided for illustration and not to limit implementation of such systems to, for example, an ADC integrated within an MCU or use of an MCU in this regard. Other possible implementations include using one or more internal or external ADCs, FPGAs, ASICs, etc.
在另一实施例中，具有光学心率传感器的系统可并入取样及保持电路(或等效物)的使用以在关断或衰减光源以节省功率时维持光检测器的输出。在其中光检测器输出的相对改变至关重要的实施例(例如，心率测量)中，取样及保持电路可不必维持光检测器的输出的准确复制。在此些情况下，取样及保持可精简为例如二极管(例如，肖特基二极管)及电容器。取样及保持电路的输出可呈现给模拟信号调节电路(例如，萨林-基(Sallen-Key)带通滤波器、电平移位器，及/或增益电路)以调节并放大所关注频带内的信号(例如，对于心脏或呼吸功能，0.1Hz到10Hz)，其可接着通过ADC数字化。见例如图11B。In another embodiment, a system with an optical heart rate sensor may incorporate the use of a sample and hold circuit (or equivalent) to maintain the output of the photodetector when the light source is turned off or attenuated to save power. In embodiments where relative changes in the output of the photodetectors are critical (eg, heart rate measurements), the sample and hold circuitry may not necessarily maintain an accurate replica of the output of the photodetectors. In these cases, the sample and hold can be reduced to, for example, a diode (eg, a Schottky diode) and a capacitor. The output of the sample and hold circuit can be presented to an analog signal conditioning circuit (e.g., a Sallen-Key bandpass filter, level shifter, and/or gain circuit) to condition and amplify the signal in the frequency band of interest. signal (eg, 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz for cardiac or respiratory function), which can then be digitized by an ADC. See, eg, Figure 1 IB.
在操作中，例如那些已经在本文所述的电路拓扑(例如取样及保持电路)的电路拓扑移除信号的DC及低频分量，且帮助解析与心率及/或呼吸有关的AC分量。实施例还可包含针对可变增益设定的模拟信号调节电路，其可经控制以提供合适的信号(例如，不饱和)。光源、光检测器及/或取样及保持的性能特性(例如，爬升率及/或增益带宽乘积)及功率消耗可显著高于模拟信号调节电路以实现光源的快速工作循环。在一些实施例中，提供给光源及光检测器的功率可与提供给模拟信号调节电路的功率单独地控制以提供额外功率节省。替代地或另外，电路可使用例如启用、停用及/或关机等功能性来实现功率节省。在另一实施例中，光检测器及/或取样及保持电路的输出可除了模拟信号调节电路之外或替代模拟信号调节电路而由ADC进行取样以控制光源的光强度或测量所关注的生理参数(例如，当模拟信号调节电路在改变光强度设定之后尚未稳定时)。值得注意的是，因为所关注的生理信号通常相对于ADC的固有分辨率小，因此在一些实施例中，可调整ADC的参考电压及/或增益以增强信号质量及/或可对ADC进行过取样。在又一实施例中，装置可通过例如过取样、调整ADC的参考电压及/或增益或使用高分辨率ADC而仅数字化取样及保持电路的输出。见例如图11C。In operation, circuit topologies such as those already described herein (eg, sample and hold circuits) remove the DC and low frequency components of the signal and help resolve the AC components associated with heart rate and/or respiration. Embodiments may also include analog signal conditioning circuitry for variable gain settings, which may be controlled to provide a suitable signal (eg, not saturate). Performance characteristics (eg, ramp rate and/or gain bandwidth product) and power consumption of the light source, photodetector, and/or sample-and-hold can be significantly higher than analog signal conditioning circuits to enable fast duty cycling of the light source. In some embodiments, the power provided to the light source and photodetector can be controlled separately from the power provided to the analog signal conditioning circuit to provide additional power savings. Alternatively or in addition, the circuitry may use functionality such as enabling, disabling, and/or shutting down to achieve power savings. In another embodiment, the output of the photodetector and/or sample and hold circuit may be sampled by an ADC in addition to or instead of an analog signal conditioning circuit to control the light intensity of a light source or measure a physiological condition of interest. parameter (for example, when the analog signal conditioning circuit has not stabilized after changing the light intensity setting). Notably, since the physiological signal of interest is typically small relative to the inherent resolution of the ADC, in some embodiments, the reference voltage and/or gain of the ADC can be adjusted to enhance signal quality and/or the ADC can be processed. sampling. In yet another embodiment, the device may only digitize the output of the sample and hold circuit by, for example, oversampling, adjusting the reference voltage and/or gain of the ADC, or using a high resolution ADC. See, eg, Figure 11C.
PPG DC偏移移除技术PPG DC offset removal technology
在另一实施例中，传感器装置可并入差分放大器以放大光检测器的输出的相对改变。见例如图11F。在一些实施例中，可从光检测器的输出减去数字平均或数字低通滤波信号。此经修改信号可接着被放大，随后其被ADC数字化。在另一实施例中，可经由例如使用取样及保持电路及模拟信号调节电路而从光检测器的输出减去模拟平均或 模拟低通滤波信号。提供给光源、光检测器及差分放大器的功率可与提供给模拟信号调节电路的功率单独地控制以改善功率节省。In another embodiment, the sensor device may incorporate a differential amplifier to amplify the relative change in the output of the photodetector. See, eg, Figure 1 IF. In some embodiments, a digitally averaged or digitally low pass filtered signal may be subtracted from the output of the photodetector. This modified signal can then be amplified before it is digitized by an ADC. In another embodiment, an analog averaged or analog low pass filtered signal may be subtracted from the output of the photodetector by, for example, using a sample and hold circuit and an analog signal conditioning circuit. The power supplied to the light source, photodetector, and differential amplifier can be controlled independently of the power supplied to the analog signal conditioning circuitry to improve power savings.
在另一实施例中，可从原始PPG信号减去一信号(电压或电流，取决于特定传感器实施方案)以移除原始PPG信号中的任何偏置，且因此增大含有心率(或其它循环参数，例如心率变化)信息的PPG信号的增益或放大所述PPG信号。此信号可在工厂中设定到默认值，基于用户的特定皮肤反射性、吸收及/或颜色而设定到一值，及/或可取决于来自环境光传感器的反馈或取决于PPG信号自身的分析而改变。举例来说，如果确定PPG信号具有大DC偏移，那么可从PPG信号减去恒定电压以移除DC偏移且实现较大增益，因此改善PPG信号质量。在此实例中，DC偏移可起因于从PPG光源到达光电检测器的环境光(例如，来自太阳或来自室内照明)或从PPG光源反射的光。In another example, a signal (voltage or current, depending on the particular sensor implementation) can be subtracted from the raw PPG signal to remove any bias in the raw PPG signal, and thus increase parameters, such as heart rate variation) information of the PPG signal gain or amplify the PPG signal. This signal can be set in the factory to a default value, set to a value based on the user's specific skin reflectivity, absorption, and/or color, and/or can depend on feedback from an ambient light sensor or on the PPG signal itself analysis changes. For example, if it is determined that the PPG signal has a large DC offset, then a constant voltage may be subtracted from the PPG signal to remove the DC offset and achieve a larger gain, thus improving the PPG signal quality. In this example, the DC offset may result from ambient light (eg, from the sun or from indoor lighting) or light reflected from the PPG light source reaching the photodetector from the PPG light source.
在另一实施例中，差分放大器可用以测量当前与先前样本之间的差而非每一信号的量值。因为每一样本的量值通常比每一样本之间的差大得多，所以可将较大增益应用于每一测量，因此改善PPG信号质量。可接着整合所述信号以获得原始时域信号。In another embodiment, a differential amplifier may be used to measure the difference between the current and previous samples rather than the magnitude of each signal. Because the magnitude of each sample is typically much larger than the difference between each sample, a larger gain can be applied to each measurement, thus improving the PPG signal quality. The signals can then be integrated to obtain the original time domain signal.
在另一实施例中，光检测器模块可并入具有可变增益的跨阻抗放大器级。此类配置可避免或最小化因明亮的环境光及/或从光源发射的明亮光而饱和。举例来说，跨阻抗放大器的增益可通过跨阻抗放大器的负反馈路径中的可变电阻器及/或一组多路复用电阻器而自动地减小。在一些实施例中，装置可通过对光源的强度进行振幅调制且接着对光检测器的输出进行解调(例如，同步检测)而并入来自环境光的极少光学屏蔽。见例如图11E。在其它方面中，如果环境光具有足够亮度以获得心率信号，那么光源可减小亮度及/或完全关掉。In another embodiment, the photodetector module may incorporate a transimpedance amplifier stage with variable gain. Such configurations can avoid or minimize saturation due to bright ambient light and/or bright light emitted from the light source. For example, the gain of the transimpedance amplifier can be automatically reduced by a variable resistor and/or a set of multiplexing resistors in the degeneration path of the transimpedance amplifier. In some embodiments, the device can incorporate little optical shielding from ambient light by amplitude modulating the intensity of the light source and then demodulating the output of the light detector (eg, synchronous detection). See, eg, Figure 11E. In other aspects, if the ambient light is of sufficient brightness to obtain a heart rate signal, the light source may be reduced in brightness and/or turned off completely.
在又一实施例中，可组合地使用前述处理技术以光学地测量用户的生理参数。见例如图11G。此拓扑可允许系统以低功率测量状态及电路拓扑(在适用时)操作且视需要而适于较高功率测量状态及电路拓扑。举例来说，系统可在用户固定不动或久坐时使用模拟信号调节电路测量所关注的生理参数(例如，心率)以减小功率消耗，但在用户活动时直接切换到对光检测器输出的过取样式取样。In yet another embodiment, the foregoing processing techniques may be used in combination to optically measure physiological parameters of the user. See, eg, Figure 11G. This topology can allow the system to operate in low power measurement states and circuit topologies (where applicable) and adapt to higher power measurement states and circuit topologies as needed. For example, the system could use an analog signal conditioning circuit to measure a physiological parameter of interest (e.g., heart rate) to reduce power consumption when the user is immobile or sedentary, but switch directly to the light detector output when the user is active Oversampling style sampling for .
在其中生物计量监视装置包含心率监视器的实施例中，处理信号以获得心率测量可包含滤波及/或信号调节，例如带通滤波(例如，巴特沃斯(Butterworth)滤波)。为抵消信号中可能发生的大的瞬变及/或改善所述滤波的收敛，可使用例如神经网络或爬升率限制等非线性方法。来自装置上的传感器的数据(例如运动、皮肤电响应、皮肤温度等)可用以调整所使用的信号调节方法。在特定操作条件下，可通过对时间窗内的信号峰值的数目进行计数或通过利用信号的基本频率或第二谐波(例如，经由快速傅立叶变换(FFT)) 而测量用户的心率。在其它情况下，例如在用户运动时获取的心率数据，可对所提取的信号及频谱峰值执行FFT，其可接着随后由多目标跟踪器(其开始、继续、合并及删除对所述频谱的跟踪)加以处理。在一些实施例中，可对运动信号执行一组类似操作，且输出可用以进行活动鉴别(例如，久坐、步行、跑步、睡眠、躺下、坐着、骑车、打字、椭圆训练、体重训练)，其用以辅助多目标跟踪器。举例来说，可能确定用户固定不动且已开始移动。此信息可用以优先使跟踪继续部分偏向于增大频率。类似地，活动鉴别器可确定用户已停止跑步或正较慢地跑步，且此信息可用以优先使跟踪继续部分偏向于减小频率。可用单扫描或多扫描多目标跟踪器拓扑实现跟踪，例如联合概率数据关联跟踪器、多假设跟踪、最接近的邻近者，等。可经由卡尔曼滤波器、样条回归、粒子滤波器、交互式多模型滤波器等完成跟踪器中的估计及预测。跟踪选择器模块可使用来自多频谱跟踪器的输出轨迹且估计用户的心率。所述估计可取为最大可能性轨迹、轨迹的对照其为心率的概率的加权总和等。此外，活动鉴别器可影响获得心率估计的选择及/或融合。举例来说，如果用户正在睡眠、坐着、躺下或久坐，那么先前概率可能偏向于40到80bpm范围中的心率；而如果用户正在跑步、慢跑或进行其它剧烈锻炼，那么先前概率可能偏向于90到180bpm范围中的升高的心率。活动鉴别器的影响可基于用户的速度。当用户不移动时，估计可移向信号的基本频率(或完全通过其获得)。可基于指示活动改变的准则选择对应于用户心率的轨迹；举例来说，如果用户从固定不动开始行走，那么可优先选择说明朝向较高频率的偏移的轨迹。In embodiments where the biometric monitoring device includes a heart rate monitor, processing the signal to obtain a heart rate measurement may include filtering and/or signal conditioning, such as bandpass filtering (eg, Butterworth filtering). To counteract large transients that may occur in the signal and/or improve the convergence of the filtering, non-linear methods such as neural networks or ramp rate limiting may be used. Data from sensors on the device (eg, motion, galvanic skin response, skin temperature, etc.) can be used to adjust the signal conditioning method used. Under certain operating conditions, the user's heart rate may be measured by counting the number of signal peaks within a time window or by exploiting the signal's fundamental frequency or second harmonic (eg, via a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)). In other cases, such as heart rate data acquired while the user is exercising, an FFT can be performed on the extracted signal and spectral peaks, which can then be followed by a multi-object tracker (which starts, continues, merges, and deletes tracking) to be processed. In some embodiments, a similar set of operations can be performed on the motion signal, and the output can be used for activity discrimination (e.g., sedentary, walking, running, sleeping, lying down, sitting, cycling, typing, elliptical training, weight training), which is used to assist the multi-object tracker. For example, it may be determined that the user is stationary and has begun to move. This information can be used to preferentially bias the continuation portion of the trace towards increasing frequencies. Similarly, the activity discriminator may determine that the user has stopped running or is running more slowly, and this information may be used to preferentially bias the continuation portion of the trace towards decreasing frequency. Tracking can be achieved with single-scan or multi-scan multi-object tracker topologies, such as joint probabilistic data association tracker, multiple hypothesis tracking, closest neighbor, etc. Estimation and prediction in the tracker can be done via Kalman filter, spline regression, particle filter, interactive multi-model filter, etc. The track selector module can use the output track from the multispectral tracker and estimate the user's heart rate. The estimate may take the form of a maximum likelihood trajectory, a weighted sum of the probability of the trajectory against which it is heart rate, or the like. Furthermore, the activity discriminator may influence the selection and/or fusion to obtain heart rate estimates. For example, if the user is sleeping, sitting, lying down, or sedentary, the prior probabilities may be biased towards heart rates in the 40 to 80 bpm range; Elevated heart rate in the range of 90 to 180 bpm. The impact of the activity discriminator may be based on the user's velocity. When the user is not moving, the estimate can move to the fundamental frequency of the signal (or be derived from it at all). Trajectories corresponding to the user's heart rate may be selected based on criteria indicative of a change in activity; for example, if the user begins walking from a stationary position, a trajectory illustrating a shift toward higher frequencies may be preferentially selected.
良好心率信号的获取可经由生物计量监视装置或与生物计量监视装置进行有线或无线通信的另一装置(例如，装备有蓝牙低能量的移动电话)上的显示器指示给用户。在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含信号强度指示器，其由可由用户检视的LED的脉搏来表示。脉搏可经定时或相关以与用户的心跳一致。LED的强度、脉搏速率及/或色彩可经修改或调整以暗示信号强度。举例来说，较明亮的LED强度可表示较强的信号或处于RGB LED配置，绿色LED可表示较强的信号。Acquisition of a good heart rate signal may be indicated to the user via a display on the biometric monitoring device or another device in wired or wireless communication with the biometric monitoring device (eg, a Bluetooth low energy equipped mobile phone). In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may include a signal strength indicator represented by a pulse of an LED that may be viewed by the user. The pulse can be timed or correlated to coincide with the user's heartbeat. The intensity, pulse rate and/or color of the LEDs can be modified or adjusted to suggest signal strength. For example, a brighter LED intensity may indicate a stronger signal or in an RGB LED configuration, a green LED may indicate a stronger signal.
在一些实施例中，可通过信号在例如0.5Hz到4Hz的频带中的能量(例如，平方和)来确定心率信号的强度。在其它实施例中，生物计量监视装置可具有可并入或建构到外壳及/或带子中的应变计、压力传感器、力传感器，或其它接触指示传感器(在生物计量监视装置附接到带子(如手表、手镯及/或臂带)或用带子(其可接着紧固到用户)安装的那些实施例中)。可单独地基于来自这些接触传感器的数据或结合来自心率信号的数据来计算信号质量度量(例如，心率信号质量)。In some embodiments, the strength of the heart rate signal may be determined by the energy (eg, sum of squares) of the signal in a frequency band, eg, 0.5 Hz to 4 Hz. In other embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may have strain gauges, pressure sensors, force sensors, or other contact-indicating sensors that may be incorporated or built into the housing and/or the strap (when the biometric monitoring device is attached to the strap ( such as a watch, bracelet and/or armband) or in those embodiments mounted with a strap (which can then be fastened to the user)). A signal quality metric (eg, heart rate signal quality) may be calculated based on data from these contact sensors alone or in combination with data from the heart rate signal.
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可经由光电检测器阵列(例如光电二极管或CCD相机的栅格)来以光学方式监视心率。可经由对皮肤的特征跟踪及/或使用加速度计及陀螺仪的自适应运动校正来跟踪光学装置相对于皮肤的运动。检测器阵列可与皮肤接触或从皮肤偏移小的距离。可主动地控制(例如，通过马达)检测器阵列及其相关联光学器件以维持目标的稳定图像并获取心率信号。可使用来自运动传感器(例如，陀螺仪)的信息或图像特征来实现此光学机械稳定化。在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置可使用照亮皮肤的相干或非相干光源及光电检测器阵列(其中每一光电检测器与用于比较相邻检测器之间的强度(从而获得所谓的斑点模式，其可使用多种图像跟踪技术加以跟踪，例如光流、模板匹配、边缘跟踪等)的比较器相关联)来实施相对运动消除。在此实施例中，用于运动跟踪的光源可不同于用于光学心率监视的光源。In another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may monitor heart rate optically via an array of photodetectors, such as a grid of photodiodes or CCD cameras. Movement of the optical device relative to the skin may be tracked via feature tracking of the skin and/or adaptive motion correction using accelerometers and gyroscopes. The detector array can be in contact with the skin or offset from the skin by a small distance. The detector array and its associated optics can be actively controlled (eg, via motors) to maintain a steady image of the target and acquire heart rate signals. This optomechanical stabilization may be achieved using information from motion sensors (eg, gyroscopes) or image features. In one embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may use a coherent or incoherent light source that illuminates the skin and an array of photodetectors, where each photodetector is compared to the intensity between adjacent detectors, thereby obtaining a so-called Speckle patterns, which can be tracked using various image tracking techniques, such as optical flow, template matching, edge tracking, etc.) to implement relative motion cancellation. In this embodiment, the light source used for motion tracking may be different than the light source used for optical heart rate monitoring.
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可由沿着装置的表面分布的多个光电检测器及发光器(photoemitter)组成，所述装置触碰用户的皮肤(即，生物计量监视装置的皮肤侧)。(见，例如，图2A到6A)。举例来说，在手镯的实例中，可存在放置在沿着带子内部圆周的各个位点的多个光电检测器及发光器。(见，例如，图6A)。与每一位点相关联的心率信号质量度量可经计算以确定用于估计用户心率的最佳或一组最佳位点。随后，可停用或关掉所述位点中的一些以例如减小功率消耗。装置可周期性地检查所述位点中的一些或全部处的心率信号质量以增强、监视及/或优化信号及/或功率效率。In another embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may consist of a plurality of photodetectors and photoemitters distributed along the surface of the device that touches the user's skin (i.e., the skin side of the biometric monitoring device). ). (See, eg, Figures 2A through 6A). For example, in the example of a bracelet, there may be multiple photodetectors and light emitters placed at various points along the inner circumference of the strap. (See, eg, Figure 6A). A heart rate signal quality metric associated with each location may be calculated to determine an optimal location or set of optimal locations for estimating the user's heart rate. Subsequently, some of the sites may be disabled or switched off, for example to reduce power consumption. The device may periodically check heart rate signal quality at some or all of the sites to enhance, monitor and/or optimize signal and/or power efficiency.
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含心率监视系统，其包含例如光学、声学、压力、电(例如，ECG或EKG)及运动等多个传感器，且融合来自这些传感器中的两者或两者以上的信息以提供心率的估计及/或减轻由运动诱发的噪音。In another embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may include a heart rate monitoring system that includes multiple sensors such as optical, acoustic, pressure, electrical (e.g., ECG or EKG), and motion, and fuses data from both of these sensors. or both to provide heart rate estimates and/or mitigate motion-induced noise.
除心率监视(或其它生物计量监视)之外或替代心率监视(或其它生物计量监视)，在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含光学传感器以基于光条件跟踪或检测紫外光暴露、全部室外光暴露的时间及持续时间、光源的类型以及光源的持续时间及强度(萤光光暴露、白炽灯光暴露、卤素，等)、到电视的暴露(基于光类型及闪烁速率)、用户在室内还是在室外、当日时间及位置。在一个实施例中，紫外光检测传感器可由驱动为光检测器的反偏置LED发射器组成。举例来说，由此检测器产生的光电流的特征可在于测量LED的电容(或替代地，并行电容器)放电所花费的时间。In addition to or instead of heart rate monitoring (or other biometric monitoring), in some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may include an optical sensor to track or detect ultraviolet light exposure based on light conditions, all Time and duration of outdoor light exposure, type of light source and duration and intensity of light source (fluorescent light exposure, incandescent light exposure, halogen, etc.), exposure to televisions (based on light type and flicker rate), user exposure to indoor Or outdoors, time of day and location. In one embodiment, the UV light detection sensor may consist of a reverse biased LED emitter driven as a photodetector. For example, the photocurrent produced by this detector can be characterized by measuring the time it takes for the capacitance of the LED (or alternatively, the parallel capacitor) to discharge.
本文中论述的所有光学传感器可结合其它传感器使用以改善上文所描述的数据的检测或用以加强其它类型的生理或环境数据的检测。All of the optical sensors discussed herein may be used in conjunction with other sensors to improve the detection of the data described above or to enhance the detection of other types of physiological or environmental data.
在生物计量监视装置包含音频或无源声学传感器的情况下，装置可含有一或多个无源声学传感器，其检测声音及压力且可包含但不限于麦克风、压电膜等。声学传感器可安置在装置的一或多个侧面上，包含触碰或面向皮肤的侧面(皮肤侧)及面向环境的侧面 (环境侧)。Where the biometric monitoring device includes audio or passive acoustic sensors, the device may contain one or more passive acoustic sensors that detect sound and pressure and may include, but are not limited to, microphones, piezoelectric membranes, and the like. Acoustic sensors may be positioned on one or more sides of the device, including the side that touches or faces the skin (skin side) and the side that faces the environment (environmental side).
皮肤侧声学或音频传感器可检测经由身体发出的任何类型的声音，且此些传感器可按优化此些传感器的信噪比及功率消耗两者的阵列或模式而布置。这些传感器可检测呼吸(例如，通过倾听肺)、呼吸声音(例如，呼吸、打鼾)及问题(例如，睡眠呼吸暂停，等)、心率(倾听心跳)、用户的语音(经由从声带经过身体发出的声音)。Skin-side acoustic or audio sensors can detect any type of sound emanating through the body, and such sensors can be arranged in an array or pattern that optimizes both the signal-to-noise ratio and power consumption of such sensors. These sensors can detect breathing (e.g., by listening to the lungs), breathing sounds (e.g., breathing, snoring) and problems (e.g., sleep apnea, etc.), heart rate (listening to the heartbeat), the user's voice (by the sound of).
本发明的生物计量监视装置还可包含皮肤电响应(GSR)电路以测量用户的皮肤对情绪及物理刺激或生理改变(例如，睡眠阶段的转变)的响应。在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可为手腕或手臂安装式装置，其并入由导电橡胶或织物制成的带子以使得皮肤电响应电极可隐藏在带子中。因为皮肤电响应电路可能经受不断改变的温度及环境条件，所以其还可包含用以实现自动校准的电路，例如与人皮肤/电极路径并联或串联的两个或两个以上可切换参考电阻器，其允许对已知电阻器的实时测量以表征皮肤电响应电路的响应。参考电阻器可在测量路径中接通及断开以使得可独立地及/或与人皮肤的电阻同时地对其进行测量。The biometric monitoring device of the present invention may also include a galvanic skin response (GSR) circuit to measure the response of the user's skin to emotional and physical stimuli or physiological changes (eg, transitions in sleep stages). In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may be a wrist or arm mounted device that incorporates a strap made of conductive rubber or fabric so that the galvanic skin response electrodes can be hidden in the strap. Because the galvanic skin response circuit may be subject to changing temperature and environmental conditions, it may also include circuitry for automatic calibration, such as two or more switchable reference resistors in parallel or in series with the human skin/electrode path , which allows real-time measurements of known resistors to characterize the response of galvanic skin response circuits. The reference resistor can be switched on and off in the measurement path so that it can be measured independently and/or simultaneously with the electrical resistance of the human skin.
用于执行PPG的电路Circuitry for performing PPG
PPG电路可经优化以获得最佳质量信号，而无关于多种环境条件，包含但不限于运动、环境光及肤色。以下电路及技术可用以执行此优化(见图16A到16J)；The PPG circuit can be optimized for the best quality signal regardless of a variety of environmental conditions, including but not limited to motion, ambient light, and skin tone. The following circuits and techniques can be used to perform this optimization (see Figures 16A to 16J);
-可用于PPG感测的取样及保持电路以及差分/仪表放大器。输出信号为参考给定电压的当前与先前样本之间的经放大差。-Sample and hold circuits and differential/instrumentation amplifiers that can be used for PPG sensing. The output signal is the amplified difference between the current and previous samples of the reference given voltage.
-用以在跨阻抗放大器之前补偿“偏置”电流的受控电流源。此允许在跨阻抗放大器级处应用较大增益。- Controlled current source to compensate "bias" current before the transimpedance amplifier. This allows larger gains to be applied at the transimpedance amplifier stage.
-用于施加到光电二极管(在跨阻抗放大器之前)的电流反馈的取样及保持电路。此可用于环境光移除，或“偏置”电流移除，或用作伪差分放大器(可能需要双轨)。- A sample and hold circuit for current feedback applied to the photodiode (before the transimpedance amplifier). This can be used for ambient light removal, or "bias" current removal, or as a pseudo-differential amplifier (dual rails may be required).
-具有环境光消除的差分/仪表放大器。-Differential/instrumentation amplifier with ambient light cancellation.
-补偿由DAC动态地产生的电流的光电二极管。- A photodiode that compensates the current dynamically generated by the DAC.
-补偿由受控电压源动态地产生的电流的光电二极管。- A photodiode that compensates the current generated dynamically by a controlled voltage source.
-使用“开关电容器”方法的环境光移除。- Ambient light removal using the "switched capacitor" method.
-补偿由恒定电流源产生的电流(也可通过恒定电压源及电阻器来完成)的光电二极管。- A photodiode that compensates the current generated by a constant current source (it can also be done with a constant voltage source and a resistor).
-环境光移除及连续样本之间的差分化。- Ambient light removal and differentiation between successive samples.
-环境光移除及连续样本之间的差分化。- Ambient light removal and differentiation between consecutive samples.
图16A说明可用于PPG感测的取样及保持电路以及差分/仪表放大器的实例示意图。 此类电路中的输出信号可为参考给定电压的当前样本与先前样本之间的经放大差。16A illustrates an example schematic of a sample and hold circuit and differential/instrumentation amplifier that may be used for PPG sensing. The output signal in such a circuit may be the amplified difference between the current sample and the previous sample of a reference given voltage.
图16B说明使用受控电流源来在跨阻抗放大器之前补偿“偏置”电流的PPG传感器的电路的实例示意图。此允许在跨阻抗放大器级处应用较大增益。16B illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor that uses a controlled current source to compensate for the "bias" current prior to the transimpedance amplifier. This allows larger gains to be applied at the transimpedance amplifier stage.
图16C说明用于PPG传感器的使用取样及保持电路用于施加到光电二极管(在跨阻抗放大器之前)的电流反馈的电路的实例示意图。此电路可用于环境光移除，或“偏置”电流移除，或用作伪差分放大器。16C illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor using a sample and hold circuit for current feedback applied to a photodiode (before the transimpedance amplifier). This circuit can be used for ambient light removal, or "bias" current removal, or as a pseudo-differential amplifier.
图16D说明用于PPG传感器的使用具有环境光消除功能性的差分/仪表放大器的电路的实例示意图。16D illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor using a differential/instrumentation amplifier with ambient light cancellation functionality.
图16E说明用于PPG传感器的使用光电二极管补偿由DAC动态地产生的电流的电路的实例示意图。16E illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor that uses a photodiode to compensate the current dynamically generated by a DAC.
图16F说明用于PPG传感器的使用光电二极管补偿由受控电压源动态地产生的电流的电路的实例示意图。16F illustrates an example schematic diagram of a circuit for a PPG sensor that uses a photodiode to compensate current dynamically generated by a controlled voltage source.
图16G说明用于PPG传感器的包含使用“开关电容器”方法的环境光移除功能性的电路的实例示意图。16G illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor including ambient light removal functionality using a "switched capacitor" approach.
图16H说明用于PPG传感器的使用光电二极管补偿由恒定电流源产生的电流(此还可使用恒定电压源及电阻器来完成)的电路的实例示意图。16H illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor that uses a photodiode to compensate the current generated by a constant current source (this can also be done using a constant voltage source and a resistor).
图16I说明用于PPG传感器的包含环境光移除功能性及连续样本之间的差分化的电路的实例示意图。16I illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for a PPG sensor including ambient light removal functionality and differentiation between consecutive samples.
图16J说明用于环境光移除及连续样本之间的差分化的电路的实例示意图。16J illustrates an example schematic of a circuit for ambient light removal and differentiation between consecutive samples.
在2014年2月28日申请的第61/946,439号美国临时专利申请案中更详细论述论述与使用PPG传感器的心率测量有关的各种电路及概念，所述美国临时专利申请案先前在“对相关申请案的交叉参考”部分中以引用的方式并入本文中，且相对于针对以PPG传感器进行的心率测量以及用于执行此类测量(例如)以补偿传感器饱和、环境光及肤色的电路、方法及系统的内容再次特此以引用方式并入。Various circuits and concepts related to heart rate measurement using a PPG sensor are discussed in greater detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/946,439, filed February 28, 2014, which was previously published in "To The "Cross-References to Related Applications" section is hereby incorporated by reference, and with respect to heart rate measurements with PPG sensors and circuits for performing such measurements, for example, to compensate for sensor saturation, ambient light, and skin tone , methods and systems are again hereby incorporated by reference.
生物计量反馈biometric feedback
生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可基于一或多个生物计量信号向用户提供反馈。在一个实施例中，PPG信号可作为实时或接近实时的波形在生物计量监视装置的显示器上(或在与所述生物计量监视装置通信的辅助装置的显示器上)呈现给用户。此波形可提供与显示在ECG或EKG机器上的波形类似的反馈。除向用户提供可用以估计各种心脏度量(例如，心率)的PPG信号的指示之外，所述波形还可提供反馈，所述反馈可使得用户能够优化其佩戴生物计量监视装置的位置及压力。举例来说，用户可看到波形具有低振 幅。响应于此，用户可试图将生物计量监视装置的位置移动到给出较高振幅信号的不同位置。在一些实施方案中，基于此些指示，生物计量监视装置可提供指令给用户以移动或调整生物计量监视装置的适配度以便改善信号质量。Some embodiments of a biometric monitoring device may provide feedback to a user based on one or more biometric signals. In one embodiment, the PPG signal may be presented to the user as a real-time or near real-time waveform on the display of the biometric monitoring device (or on the display of a secondary device in communication with the biometric monitoring device). This waveform provides feedback similar to that displayed on an ECG or EKG machine. In addition to providing the user with an indication of the PPG signal that can be used to estimate various cardiac metrics (e.g., heart rate), the waveform can also provide feedback that can enable the user to optimize the position and pressure at which they wear the biometric monitoring device . For example, the user can see that the waveform has low amplitude. In response to this, the user may attempt to move the location of the biometric monitoring device to a different location that gives a higher amplitude signal. In some implementations, based on such indications, the biometric monitoring device may provide instructions to the user to move or adjust the fit of the biometric monitoring device in order to improve signal quality.
在另一实施例中，可经由不同于显示波形的方法来向用户提供关于PPG信号的质量的反馈。如果信号质量(例如信噪比)超过某一阈值，那么生物计量监视装置可发出听觉报警(例如蜂鸣声)。生物计量监视装置可将视觉提示(例如，经由使用显示器)提供给用户以改变传感器的位置及/或增大佩戴装置的压力(例如，在装置佩戴在手腕上的情况下通过拉紧腕带)。In another embodiment, feedback on the quality of the PPG signal may be provided to the user via methods other than displaying the waveform. If the signal quality (eg, signal-to-noise ratio) exceeds a certain threshold, the biometric monitoring device may sound an audible alarm (eg, beep). The biometric monitoring device may provide visual cues (e.g., via use of a display) to the user to change the position of the sensors and/or increase the pressure on the wearing device (e.g., by tightening the wrist strap if the device is worn on the wrist) .
可针对不同于PPG传感器的传感器提供生物计量反馈。举例来说，如果装置使用ECG、EMG或连接到执行这些中的任一者的装置，那么其可向用户提供关于来自那些传感器的波形的反馈。如果这些传感器的信噪比低或信号质量因其它原因而受损，那么可指示用户其可如何改善所述信号。举例来说，如果不能从ECG传感器检测到心率，那么装置可向用户提供视觉消息，指示其润湿或弄湿ECG电极以改善信号。Biometric feedback may be provided for sensors other than PPG sensors. For example, if the device uses ECG, EMG, or is connected to a device that does any of these, it can provide feedback to the user about the waveforms from those sensors. If the signal-to-noise ratio of these sensors is low or the signal quality is compromised for other reasons, the user can be indicated how they can improve the signal. For example, if heart rate cannot be detected from the ECG sensor, the device may provide a visual message to the user instructing them to wet or wet the ECG electrodes to improve the signal.
环境传感器environmental sensor
本发明的生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可使用以下环境传感器中的一个、一些或全部来例如获取环境数据，包含在下表中概述的环境数据。此些生物计量监视装置不限于下文指定的传感器的数目或类型，而可使用获取下表中概述的环境数据的其它传感器。环境传感器及/或环境数据的所有组合及排列既定落入本发明的范围内。此外，装置可从对应传感器输出数据导出环境数据，但不限于其可从所述传感器导出的环境数据类型。Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may use one, some or all of the following environmental sensors to, for example, acquire environmental data, including the environmental data summarized in the table below. Such biometric monitoring devices are not limited to the number or types of sensors specified below, but other sensors that acquire the environmental data outlined in the table below may be used. All combinations and permutations of environmental sensors and/or environmental data are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, a device may derive environmental data from corresponding sensor output data, but is not limited to the types of environmental data it may derive from said sensors.
值得注意的是，本发明的生物计量监视装置的实施例可使用本文所述的环境传感器中的一或多者或全部及本文所述的生理传感器中的一或多者或全部。实际上，本发明的生物计量监视装置可使用现在已知或稍后开发的任何传感器获取本文所述的环境数据及生理数据中的任一者或全部，其全部既定落入本发明的范围内。Notably, embodiments of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may use one or more or all of the environmental sensors described herein and one or more or all of the physiological sensors described herein. Indeed, the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may use any sensor now known or later developed to acquire any or all of the environmental and physiological data described herein, all of which are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention .
在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含例如安置在或位于装置外壳内部的高度计传感器。(见，例如，图12B及12C；图12C说明具有生理传感器、环境传感器及连接到处理器的位置传感器的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例)。在此情况下，装置外壳可具有通风口，其允许装置内部测量、检测、取样及/或经历外部压力的任何改变。在一个实施例中，通风口可防止水进入装置，同时促进经由高度计传感器测量、检测及/或取样压力的改变。举例来说，生物计量监视装置的外表面可包含通风口类型配置或架构(例如，GoreTM通风口)，其允许周围空气移入及移出装置的外壳(其允许高度计传感器测量、检测及/或取样压力的改变)，但减少、防止及/或最小化水及其它液体流动到装置的外壳中。In one embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may include, for example, an altimeter sensor disposed or located inside the housing of the device. (See, eg, Figures 12B and 12C; Figure 12C illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device having physiological sensors, environmental sensors, and a position sensor connected to a processor). In this case, the device housing may have vents that allow the interior of the device to measure, detect, sample and/or experience any changes in external pressure. In one embodiment, the vents may prevent water from entering the device while facilitating the measurement, detection and/or sampling of changes in pressure via the altimeter sensor. For example, the exterior surface of a biometric monitoring device may include a vent type configuration or architecture (e.g., Gore™ vents) that allows ambient air to move in and out of the device's housing (which allows altimeter sensors to measure, detect, and/or sample changes in pressure), but reduce, prevent and/or minimize the flow of water and other liquids into the housing of the device.
在一个实施例中，高度计传感器可用凝胶填充，所述凝胶允许传感器经历在凝胶之外的压力改变。凝胶可充当相对不可渗透、不可压缩而又柔性的隔膜，其将外部压力变化发射到高度计同时物理地分离高度计(及其它内部组件)与外部环境。使用凝胶填充高度计可在使用或不使用环境密封通风口的情况下向装置给出较高水平的环境保护。装置可在凝胶填充高度计处于包含但不限于以下位置的位置中的情况下具有较高存活率(survivability rate)：具有高湿度的位置、洗衣机、洗碗机、干衣机、蒸汽室或桑拿室、淋浴、水池、浴缸及装置可能暴露于湿气、暴露于液体或浸没于液体中的任何位置。In one embodiment, the altimeter sensor may be filled with a gel that allows the sensor to experience pressure changes outside of the gel. The gel can act as a relatively impermeable, incompressible, yet flexible membrane that transmits external pressure changes to the altimeter while physically separating the altimeter (and other internal components) from the external environment. The use of a gel-filled altimeter can give the device a higher level of environmental protection with or without the use of environmentally sealed vents. The device may have a higher survivability rate with the gel-filled altimeter in locations including, but not limited to: locations with high humidity, washing machines, dishwashers, clothes dryers, steam rooms, or saunas Cabinets, showers, sinks, bathtubs, and any location where the appliance may be exposed to moisture, exposed to liquid, or submerged in liquid.
传感器集成/信号处理Sensor Integration/Signal Processing
本发明的生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可使用来自两个或两个以上传感器的数据来计算如下表中所见的对应生理或环境数据(例如，可组合地使用来自两个或两个以上传感器的数据来确定例如下文列出的度量的度量)。生物计量监视装置可包含但不限于下文指定的传感器的数目、类型或组合。此外，此些生物计量监视装置可从对应传感器组合导出所包含的数据，但不限于可从对应传感器组合计算出的数据的数目或类型。Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may use data from two or more sensors to calculate corresponding physiological or environmental data as seen in the table below (e.g., data from two or more sensors may be used in combination sensor data to determine metrics such as those listed below). A biometric monitoring device may include, but is not limited to, the number, type, or combination of sensors specified below. Furthermore, such biometric monitoring devices may derive included data from corresponding sensor combinations, but are not limited to the number or types of data computable from corresponding sensor combinations.
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置还可包含近场通信(NFC)接收器/发射器以检测到例如移动电话等另一装置的接近性。当使生物计量监视装置接近于第二装置或达到与第二装置的可检测接近度时，其可触发在第二装置上开始新功能性(例如，启动移动电话上的“应用程序”及使来自所述装置的生理数据无线电同步到第二装置)。(见，例如，图10)。实际上，本发明的生物计量监视装置可实施2012年3月5日申请的美国临时专利申请案61/606,559(“近场通信系统及其操作方法(Near Field Communication System，and Methodof Operating Same)”，发明人：詹姆斯帕克(James Park)，其内容出于此此目的以引用的方式并入本文中)中所描述及/或说明的电路及技术中的任一者。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may also include a near field communication (NFC) receiver/transmitter to detect the proximity of another device, such as a mobile phone. When a biometric monitoring device is brought into or comes into detectable proximity to a second device, it can trigger the initiation of new functionality on the second device (e.g., launching an "app" on a mobile phone and using Physiological data from said device is radio-synchronized to a second device). (See, eg, Figure 10). Indeed, the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may implement U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/606,559 (“Near Field Communication System, and Method of Operating Same”), filed March 5, 2012. , Inventor: James Park (James Park, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for this purpose) in any of the circuits and techniques described and/or illustrated.
图10说明其上具有自行车应用程序的便携式生物计量监视装置的实例，所述自行车应用程序可显示自行车速度及/或踩踏板的步调以及其它度量。每当生物计量监视装置接近无源或有源NFC标记时，可启动所述应用程序。此NFC标记可附接到用户的手柄杆。10 illustrates an example of a portable biometric monitoring device with a bicycle application on it that can display bicycle speed and/or pedaling cadence, among other metrics. The application may be launched whenever a biometric monitoring device approaches a passive or active NFC tag. This NFC tag can be attached to the user's handle bar.
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可包含位置传感器(例如，GPS电路)及心率传感器(例如，光电容积图电路)以分别产生GPS或位置相关数据及心率相关数据。(见，例如，图12B及12C)。生物计量监视装置可接着融合、处理及/或组合来自这两个传感器/电路的数据以例如根据生理数据(例如，心率、紧张、活动水平、睡眠量及/或卡路里摄 入)来确定、相关及/或“映射”地理区。以此方式，生物计量监视装置可识别增大或减小可测量用户度量(包含但不限于心率、紧张、活动水平、睡眠量及/或卡路里摄入)的地理区。In another embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may include a location sensor (eg, GPS circuitry) and a heart rate sensor (eg, photoplethysmography circuitry) to generate GPS or location-related data and heart-rate-related data, respectively. (See, eg, Figures 12B and 12C). The biometric monitoring device can then fuse, process and/or combine data from these two sensors/circuits to determine, correlate and/or "mapping" geographic areas. In this manner, the biometric monitoring device may identify geographic regions that increase or decrease measurable user metrics including, but not limited to, heart rate, stress, activity level, amount of sleep, and/or calorie intake.
另外或替代地，生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可使用GPS相关数据及光电容积图相关数据(值得注意的是，其中的每一者可认为是数据流)来根据活动水平(例如，如通过用户的加速度、速度、位置及/或行进距离(如通过GPS测量及/或从GPS相关数据确定)来确定)确定用户的心率或使其相关。(见，例如，图12B及12C)。此处，在一个实施例中，可针对用户“标绘”随速度而变的心率，或所述数据可分解为不同水平，包含但不限于睡眠、静息、久坐、中度活动、活动，及高度活动。Additionally or alternatively, some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device may use GPS-related data and photoplethysmographic-related data (notably, each of which may be considered a data stream) to monitor activity based on activity levels (e.g., as via The user's acceleration, velocity, position, and/or distance traveled (as determined by GPS measurements and/or determined from GPS-related data) determine or correlate the user's heart rate. (See, eg, Figures 12B and 12C). Here, in one embodiment, heart rate as a function of speed can be "plotted" for the user, or the data can be broken down into different levels, including but not limited to sleep, rest, sedentary, moderately active, active , and highly active.
实际上，生物计量监视装置的一些实施例还可使GPS相关数据与预定地理位置(具有针对一组预定条件的与其相关联的活动)的数据库相关。举例来说，活动确定及对应生理分类(例如，心率分类)可包含使用户的GPS座标(对应于锻炼设备、健身俱乐部及/或体育馆的位置)与生理数据相关。在这些情形下，可自动地测量并显示在例如体育馆健身期间的用户心率。值得注意的是，许多生理分类可基于GPS相关数据，包含位置、加速度、海拔高度、距离及/或速度。此类数据库包含地理数据，且可编译、形成生理数据及/或将其存储在生物计量监视装置及/或外部计算装置上。实际上，在一个实施例中，用户可创建其自身的位置数据库或添加或修改位置数据库以更好地分类其活动。Indeed, some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device may also correlate GPS-related data with a database of predetermined geographic locations with activities associated therewith for a set of predetermined conditions. For example, activity determination and corresponding physiological classification (eg, heart rate classification) may include correlating the user's GPS coordinates (corresponding to locations of exercise equipment, health clubs, and/or gyms) with physiological data. In these situations, the user's heart rate may be automatically measured and displayed, eg, during a gym workout. Notably, many physiological classifications can be based on GPS-related data, including position, acceleration, altitude, distance, and/or velocity. Such databases include geographic data, and physiological data may be compiled, formed, and/or stored on the biometric monitoring device and/or external computing device. Indeed, in one embodiment, users can create their own location databases or add to or modify location databases to better categorize their activities.
在另一实施例中，用户可同时佩戴多个生物计量监视装置(具有本文所述的特征中的任一者)。此实施例的生物计量监视装置可使用有线或无线电路彼此通信或与远程装置通信，以计算例如以其它方式可能难以计算或计算不准确的生物计量或生理质量或量，例如脉博传导时间。多个传感器的使用还可改善生物计量测量的准确度及/或精确度使其优于单个传感器的准确度及/或精确度。举例来说，在腰部、手腕及脚踝上具有生物计量跟踪装置可改善对用户迈步的检测(较之仅在那些位置中的一者中的单个装置的情况)。可以分布式或集中式方法在生物计量跟踪装置上执行信号处理以提供较之单个装置的情况有所改善的测量。还可远程执行此信号处理且在处理之后传达回到生物计量跟踪装置。In another embodiment, a user may wear multiple biometric monitoring devices (having any of the features described herein) simultaneously. The biometric monitoring devices of this embodiment may communicate with each other or with remote devices using wired or wireless circuitry to calculate, for example, biometric or physiological qualities or quantities that may otherwise be difficult or inaccurate to calculate, such as pulse transit time. The use of multiple sensors may also improve the accuracy and/or precision of biometric measurements over that of a single sensor. For example, having biometric tracking devices on the waist, wrists, and ankles can improve detection of a user's steps (compared to the case of a single device in only one of those locations). Signal processing may be performed on the biometric tracking device in a distributed or centralized manner to provide improved measurements over the case of a single device. This signal processing can also be performed remotely and communicated back to the biometric tracking device after processing.
在另一实施例中，可使心率或其它生物计量数据相关到用户的食物日志(用户摄取的食物、其营养内容及其部分的日志)。食物日志条目可自动地键入食物日志或可由用户本身经由与生物计量监视装置(或与生物计量监视装置通信的辅助或远程装置，例如智能电话，或与生物计量监视装置通信的一些其它装置，例如服务器)的交互而键入。关于用户身体对一或多个食物输入的生物计量反应的信息可呈现给用户。举例来说，如果用户喝 咖啡，那么其心率可能由于咖啡因而上升。在另一实例中，如果用户在深夜进食食物的较大部分，那么其可能比平时花费更长时间来入睡。生物计量中的食物输入与对应结果的任何组合可并入到此类反馈系统中。In another embodiment, heart rate or other biometric data may be correlated to the user's food log (a log of the user's ingested food, its nutritional content and its portions). Food log entries may be automatically entered into the food log or may be made by the user himself via an auxiliary or remote device, such as a smartphone, in communication with the biometric monitoring device (or with the biometric monitoring device, or some other device in communication with the biometric monitoring device, such as server) interaction. Information regarding the biometric response of the user's body to one or more food inputs may be presented to the user. For example, if a user drinks coffee, their heart rate may rise due to caffeine. In another example, if a user eats a larger portion of food late at night, it may take longer than usual to fall asleep. Any combination of food inputs and corresponding outcomes in biometrics can be incorporated into such feedback systems.
食物摄入数据与生物计量数据的融合还可使得生物计量监视装置的一些实施例能够对用户的葡萄糖水平进行估计。此对于患有糖尿病的用户可能尤其有用。通过涉及葡萄糖水平与用户的活动(例如步行、跑步、卡路里燃烧)及营养摄入的算法，生物计量监视装置可能够建议用户何时其可能具有不正常的血糖水平。Fusion of food intake data with biometric data may also enable some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device to estimate the user's glucose level. This may be especially useful for users with diabetes. Through algorithms that relate glucose levels to the user's activities (eg, walking, running, calorie burn) and nutrient intake, the biometric monitoring device may be able to advise the user when they may have abnormal blood sugar levels.
处理任务委托Handle task delegation
生物计量监视装置的实施例可包含一个或多个处理器。举例来说，独立应用程序处理器可用以存储及执行利用由一或多个传感器处理器(处理来自生理、环境及/或活动传感器的数据的处理器)获取及处理的传感器数据的应用程序。在其中存在多个传感器的情况下，也可能存在多个传感器处理器。应用程序处理器还可具有直接连接到其的传感器。传感器与应用程序处理器可作为单独离散芯片存在或存在于相同经封装芯片内(多核心)。装置可具有单个应用程序处理器，或应用程序处理器及传感器处理器，或多个应用程序处理器及传感器处理器。Embodiments of a biometric monitoring device may include one or more processors. For example, a stand-alone application processor may be used to store and execute applications that utilize sensor data acquired and processed by one or more sensor processors (processors that process data from physiological, environmental and/or activity sensors). Where there are multiple sensors, there may also be multiple sensor processors. The application processor can also have sensors directly connected to it. The sensor and application processor can exist as separate discrete chips or within the same packaged chip (multi-core). A device may have a single application processor, or an application processor and a sensor processor, or multiple application processors and sensor processors.
在一个实施例中，传感器处理器可放置在由所有模拟组件组成的子插件板(daughterboard)上。此板可具有通常见于主PCB上的电子器件中的一些，例如但不限于跨阻抗放大器、滤波电路、水平移位器、取样及保持电路及微控制器单元。此类配置可允许子插件板经由使用数字连接而非模拟连接(除任何必要的电力或接地连接之外)连接到主PCB。数字连接可具有优于模拟子插件板到主PCB连接的多种优点，包含但不限于噪音减小及必要缆线数目的减小。子插件板可经由使用柔性缆线或一组导线而连接到主板。In one embodiment, the sensor processor may be placed on a daughterboard consisting of all analog components. This board may have some of the electronics typically found on a main PCB, such as but not limited to transimpedance amplifiers, filter circuits, level shifters, sample and hold circuits, and a microcontroller unit. Such a configuration may allow the daughterboard to connect to the main PCB via the use of digital connections rather than analog connections (in addition to any necessary power or ground connections). Digital connections can have various advantages over analog daughterboard-to-main PCB connections, including but not limited to reduced noise and reduced number of necessary cables. The daughterboard can be connected to the motherboard through the use of a flex cable or set of wires.
多个应用程序可存储在应用程序处理器上。应用程序可由用于所述应用程序的可执行码及数据组成，但不限于这些。数据可由执行所述应用程序所需的图形或其它信息组成，且其可为由应用程序产生的信息输出。用于应用程序的可执行码及数据两者皆可驻留在应用程序处理器(或并入其中的存储器)上，或用于应用程序的数据可从外部存储器存储及检索。外部存储器可包含但不限于NAND闪存、NOR闪存、另一处理器上的闪存、其它固态存储装置、机械或光学磁盘、RAM，等。Multiple applications can be stored on the application processor. An application program may consist of executable code and data for the application program, but is not limited to these. Data may consist of graphics or other information needed to execute the application, and it may be an output of information generated by the application. Both the executable code and data for the application can reside on the application processor (or memory incorporated therein), or the data for the application can be stored and retrieved from external memory. External memory may include, but is not limited to, NAND flash memory, NOR flash memory, flash memory on another processor, other solid state storage devices, mechanical or optical disks, RAM, and the like.
用于应用程序的可执行码还可存储在外部存储器中。当应用程序处理器接收到执行应用程序的请求时，所述应用程序处理器可从外部存储装置检索可执行码及/或数据且执行所述可执行码及/或数据。所述可执行码可暂时或永久地存储在应用程序处理器的存储 器或存储装置上。此允许应用程序应下一执行请求而更快速地执行，因为消除了检索步骤。当请求执行应用程序时，应用程序处理器可检索应用程序的所有可执行码或可执行码的部分。在后一种情况下，仅检索在当时需要的可执行码部分。此允许执行比应用程序处理器的存储器或存储装置大的应用程序。Executable code for applications may also be stored in external memory. When an application processor receives a request to execute an application, the application processor can retrieve executable code and/or data from the external storage device and execute the executable code and/or data. The executable code may be stored temporarily or permanently on the application processor's memory or storage device. This allows the application to execute more quickly on the next execution request because the retrieval step is eliminated. When execution of an application is requested, the application processor may retrieve all or a portion of the executable of the application. In the latter case, only the portion of the executable code that is needed at the time is retrieved. This allows execution of applications that are larger than the application processor's memory or storage.
应用程序处理器还可具有存储器保护特征以防止应用程序覆写、破坏、中断、阻断或以其它方式干扰其它应用程序、传感器系统、应用程序处理器或系统的其它组件。The application processor may also have memory protection features to prevent applications from overwriting, corrupting, interrupting, blocking, or otherwise interfering with other applications, sensor systems, the application processor, or other components of the system.
应用程序可经由多种有线、无线、光学或电容机制(包含但不限于USB、Wi-Fi、蓝牙、蓝牙低能量、NFC、RFID、紫蜂)加载到应用程序处理器及/或任何外部存储装置上。Applications can be loaded to the application processor and/or any external storage via a variety of wired, wireless, optical or capacitive mechanisms including but not limited to USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, NFC, RFID, Zigbee on the device.
应用程序还可用电子签名加密地署名。应用程序处理器可将应用程序的执行限制于具有正确签名的那些人。Applications can also be cryptographically signed with an electronic signature. The application handler can restrict the execution of the application to those with the correct signature.
生物计量监视装置中的系统集成System Integration in Biometric Monitoring Devices
在生物计量监视装置的一些实施方案中，生物计量监视装置中或一些传感器或电子系统可彼此集成或可共享组件或资源。举例来说，用于光学心率传感器的光电检测器(例如可用于2014年2月28日申请且先前以引用的方式并入本文中的第61/946,439号美国临时专利申请案中所论述的心率传感器中)，还可充当用于确定环境光水平的光电检测器，例如可用以校正环境光对心率传感器读数的影响。举例来说，如果用于此类心率检测器的光源关掉，那么由所述光电检测器测量的光可指示所存在的环境光的量。In some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device, or some sensors or electronic systems in the biometric monitoring device may be integrated with each other or may share components or resources. For example, a photodetector for an optical heart rate sensor such as may be used for heart rate as discussed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/946,439, filed February 28, 2014 and previously incorporated herein by reference. sensor) can also act as a photodetector for determining ambient light levels, which can be used, for example, to correct for the effect of ambient light on heart rate sensor readings. For example, if the light source for such a heart rate detector is turned off, the light measured by the photodetector may indicate the amount of ambient light present.
在生物计量监视装置的一些实施方案中，生物计量监视装置可使用例如光学心率监视器中的组件等车载光学传感器加以配置或与之通信。举例来说，光学心率传感器(或，如果存在，环境光传感器)的光电检测器还可充当用于光学发射信道(例如红外线通信)的接收器。In some implementations of the biometric monitoring device, the biometric monitoring device may be configured with or communicate with an on-board optical sensor, such as a component in an optical heart rate monitor. For example, the photodetector of an optical heart rate sensor (or, if present, an ambient light sensor) may also act as a receiver for an optical transmit channel such as infrared communication.
在生物计量监视装置的一些实施方案中，可包含混合天线，其组合射频天线(例如蓝牙天线或GPS天线)与电感环(例如可用于近场通信(NFC)标记或电感充电系统中)。在此些实施方案中，两个不同系统的功能性可提供于一个集成系统中，从而节省封装体积。在此类混合天线中，电感环可放置地紧密接近于倒F形天线的辐射器。所述电感环可以电感方式与辐射器耦合，从而允许所述电感环充当天线的平坦元件用于射频目的，因而形成例如平坦倒F形天线。同时，电感环还可服务于其正常功能，例如经由与由NFC读取器产生的电磁场的电感耦合而将电流提供到NFC芯片。此些混合天线系统的实例更详细地论述于2014年3月5日申请的第61/948,470号美国临时专利申请案中，所述美国临时专利申请案先前在“对相关申请案的交叉参考”部分中以引用的方式并入本文中且再次特此关于在混合天线结构处指出的内容而以引用的方式并入。当然，此些混 合天线还可用于不同于生物计量监视装置的其它电子装置中，且混合天线的此类非生物计量监视装置使用涵盖在本发明的范围内。In some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device, a hybrid antenna may be included that combines a radio frequency antenna (such as a Bluetooth antenna or a GPS antenna) with an inductive loop (such as may be used in Near Field Communication (NFC) tags or inductive charging systems). In such embodiments, the functionality of two different systems can be provided in one integrated system, saving packaging volume. In such hybrid antennas, an inductive loop may be placed in close proximity to the radiator of the inverted-F antenna. The inductive loop may be inductively coupled to the radiator, allowing the inductive loop to act as a planar element of the antenna for radio frequency purposes, thus forming eg a flat inverted-F antenna. At the same time, the inductive loop can also serve its normal functions, such as supplying current to the NFC chip via inductive coupling with the electromagnetic field generated by the NFC reader. Examples of such hybrid antenna systems are discussed in more detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/948,470, filed March 5, 2014, previously published in "Cross-Reference to Related Applications" section is incorporated herein by reference and again hereby is hereby incorporated by reference with respect to what is indicated at the hybrid antenna structure. Of course, such hybrid antennas may also be used in other electronic devices than biometric monitoring devices, and such non-biometric monitoring device use of hybrid antennas is encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
佩戴装置的方法Method of wearing the device
生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可包含外壳，其大小及形状促进将生物计量监视装置在在常操作期间固定到用户的身体，其中所述装置在耦合到用户时不可测量地或明显地影响用户的活动。所述生物计量监视装置可取决于集成到生物计量监视装置中的特定传感器封装及用户将想要获取的数据而以不同方式佩戴。Some embodiments of a biometric monitoring device may include a housing sized and shaped to facilitate securing the biometric monitoring device to a user's body during normal operation, wherein the device does not measurably or significantly affect the user when coupled to the user. activity. The biometric monitoring device can be worn in different ways depending on the particular sensor package integrated into the biometric monitoring device and the data the user will want to acquire.
用户可通过使用带子(其为柔性的且由此容易适配到用户)而将本发明的生物计量监视装置的一些实施例佩戴在其手腕或脚踝(或手臂或腿)上。所述带子可具有可调整圆周，因此允许其适配到用户。所述带子可由暴露于热时收缩的材料建构而成，因此允许用户建立定制的适配。所述带子可从生物计量监视装置的“电子器件”部分拆卸且必要时可更换。A user may wear some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention on his wrist or ankle (or arm or leg) by using a strap (which is flexible and thus easily adaptable to the user). The strap may have an adjustable circumference, thus allowing it to be fitted to the user. The straps can be constructed from a material that shrinks when exposed to heat, thus allowing the user to create a custom fit. The strap is detachable from the "electronics" portion of the biometric monitoring device and replaceable if necessary.
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可由两个主要组件组成：主体(含有“电子器件”)及带子(促进将装置附接到用户)。所述主体可包含外壳(例如由塑料或塑料样材料制成)及从主体突出的延伸突出部(例如由金属或金属样材料制成)。(见，例如，图2C到3C)。所述带子(例如由热塑性胺基甲酸酯制成)可例如以机械方式或粘附方式附接到身体。所述带子可从用户手腕的圆周延伸出一部分。胺基甲酸酯带子的远端可与Velcro或钩环弹性织物带子(在一侧上环绕成D形环且接着附接回到自身)连接。在此实施例中，封闭机构可允许用户无限地进行带子长度调整(不同于分度孔及机械卡扣封闭)。Velcro或弹性织物可以允许其被更换(例如，如果其在装置的有用生命周期终止之前佩戴或以其它方式不合需要地佩戴)的方式附接到带子。在一个实施例中，Velcro或织物可通过螺钉或铆钉及/或胶水、粘合剂及/或卡扣附接到带子。In some embodiments, a biometric monitoring device may consist of two main components: a body (containing the "electronics") and a strap (facilitating attachment of the device to the user). The body may comprise a housing (eg made of plastic or a plastic-like material) and an extension protrusion (eg made of metal or metal-like material) protruding from the body. (See, eg, Figures 2C to 3C). The straps (eg made of thermoplastic urethane) can be attached to the body eg mechanically or adhesively. The strap may extend a portion from the circumference of the user's wrist. The distal end of the urethane strap can be connected with a Velcro or hook and loop elastic fabric strap (wrapped in a D-ring on one side and then attached back to itself). In this embodiment, the closure mechanism may allow infinite strap length adjustment by the user (unlike indexed holes and mechanical snap closures). The Velcro or elastic fabric may be attached to the strap in a manner that allows it to be replaced (eg, if it is worn before the end of the useful life of the device or is otherwise undesirably worn). In one embodiment, the Velcro or fabric can be attached to the strap by screws or rivets and/or glue, adhesive and/or snaps.
本发明的生物计量监视装置的实施例还可集成到且佩戴在项链、胸带、胸罩、粘着性补片、玻璃、耳索或脚趾带(toe band)中。此些生物计量监视装置可以如下方式内置：传感器封装/生物计量监视装置的部分是可移除的且可以包含但不限于上文所列的那些方式的任何数目的方式佩戴。Embodiments of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may also be integrated into and worn in necklaces, chest straps, bras, adhesive patches, glasses, ear cords, or toe bands. Such biometric monitoring devices can be built in in such a way that the sensor package/portion of the biometric monitoring device is removable and can be worn in any number of ways including but not limited to those listed above.
在另一实施例中，本发明的生物计量监视装置的实施例可经佩戴以夹到一件衣服或存放在衣服(例如，口袋)或装饰品(例如，手提包、背包、钱包)中。因为此些生物计量监视装置可不靠近用户的皮肤，所以在包含心率测量的实施例中，可通过用户手动地将装置置于特定模式(例如，通过按下按钮、用指尖覆盖电容性触摸传感器，等，可能具有嵌入在按钮/传感器中的心率传感器)而在离散、“按需求”上下文中或自动地(一旦用户将 装置放在皮肤上(例如，将手指施加到光学心率传感器))获得测量。In another embodiment, an embodiment of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may be worn to clip to a piece of clothing or to be stored in clothing (eg, pocket) or accessory (eg, handbag, backpack, purse). Because such biometric monitoring devices may not be close to the user's skin, in embodiments that include heart rate measurement, the device may be manually placed into a particular mode by the user (e.g., by pressing a button, covering a capacitive touch sensor with a fingertip) , etc., possibly with a heart rate sensor embedded in a button/sensor) in a discrete, "on-demand" context, or automatically (once the user places the device on the skin (e.g., applies a finger to an optical heart rate sensor)) Measurement.
与装置的用户接口User interface with device
生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可包含用于允许在本地或远程地与装置交互的一或多个方法的功能性。Some embodiments of a biometric monitoring device may include functionality for one or more methods to allow interaction with the device locally or remotely.
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可经由数字显示器以视觉方式传达数据。此显示器的物理实施例可使用任何一个或多个显示技术，包含但不限于以下各者中的一或多者：LED、LCD、AMOLED、电子墨水、清晰显示技术、图形显示器，及其它显示技术，例如TN、HTN、STN、FSTN、TFT、IPS及OLET。此显示器可展示在装置上在本地获取或存储的数据或可显示从其它装置或因特网服务远程获取的数据。生物计量监视装置可使用传感器(例如，环境光传感器“ALS”)来控制或调整屏幕背光的量(如果使用背光)。举例来说，在暗照明情境中，显示器可调暗以节省电池寿命，而在明亮的照明情境中，显示器亮度可增大以使得其更容易由用户读取。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may communicate data visually via a digital display. The physical embodiment of this display can use any one or more display technologies, including but not limited to one or more of the following: LED, LCD, AMOLED, electronic ink, clear display technology, graphics display, and other display technologies , such as TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, TFT, IPS and OLET. This display can show data obtained or stored locally on the device or can display data obtained remotely from other devices or Internet services. A biometric monitoring device may use a sensor (eg, an ambient light sensor "ALS") to control or adjust the amount of screen backlight (if a backlight is used). For example, in dim lighting situations, the display can be dimmed to save battery life, while in bright lighting situations, the display brightness can be increased to make it easier to read by the user.
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可使用单色或多色LED来指示装置的状态。生物计量监视装置可使用LED指示的状态可包含但不限于例如心率等生物计量状态或例如传入消息或已达到目标等的应用程序状态。这些状态可由LED的色彩、LED开或关(或处于中间强度)、LED的脉冲(及/或其速率)及/或从完全关掉到最高亮度的光强度模式来指示。在一个实施例中，LED可用用户心率的阶段及频率来调制其强度及/或色彩。In another embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may use single or multi-color LEDs to indicate the status of the device. Statuses that a biometric monitoring device may indicate using LEDs may include, but are not limited to, biometric status such as heart rate, or application status such as an incoming message or a goal reached. These states may be indicated by the color of the LED, the LED on or off (or at intermediate intensity), the pulsing of the LED (and/or its rate), and/or the pattern of light intensity from completely off to full brightness. In one embodiment, the LEDs can have their intensity and/or color modulated with the phase and frequency of the user's heart rate.
在一些实施例中，使用电子墨水显示器可允许显示器保持接通而无非反射性显示器的电池漏电。此“常开”功能性可在例如手表应用程序(其中用户可简单地扫视生物计量监视装置以看到时间)的情况下提供令人愉快的用户体验。电子墨水显示器始终显示内容而不损害装置的电池寿命，从而允许用户看到时间(如同其在传统手表上那样)。In some embodiments, using an electronic ink display may allow the display to remain on without draining the battery of the non-reflective display. This "always on" functionality can provide a pleasant user experience in the case of, for example, a watch application where the user can simply glance at the biometric monitoring device to see the time. The e-ink display always shows content without compromising the battery life of the device, allowing the user to see the time (as it would on a traditional watch).
生物计量监视装置的一些实施方案可使用例如LED等光来显示用户的心率(通过调制以用户心率的频率发出的光的振幅)。所述装置可经由LED的色彩(例如，绿色、红色)或根据心率的改变而点亮的一连串LED(例如，进度条)来描绘心率区(例如，好氧的、厌氧的，等)。生物计量监视装置可集成或并入到例如玻璃或护目镜的另一装置或结构中，或与玻璃或护目镜通信以将此信息显示给用户。Some implementations of the biometric monitoring device may use lights such as LEDs to display the user's heart rate (by modulating the amplitude of the light emitted at the frequency of the user's heart rate). The device may delineate heart rate zones (eg, aerobic, anaerobic, etc.) via the color of the LEDs (eg, green, red) or a series of LEDs (eg, a progress bar) that light up as the heart rate changes. The biometric monitoring device may be integrated or incorporated into, or in communication with, another device or structure such as glass or goggles to display this information to the user.
生物计量监视装置的一些实施例还可经由装置的物理运动将信息传达给用户。物理地移动装置的方法的一个此类实施例为使用振动诱发马达。装置可单独地或结合多个其它运动诱发技术使用此方法。Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device may also communicate information to the user via physical movement of the device. One such embodiment of a method of physically moving the device is to use a vibration induced motor. The device can use this method alone or in combination with a number of other motion-inducing techniques.
在一些实施方案中，生物计量监视装置可经由音频反馈将信息传达给用户。举例来说，生物计量监视装置中的扬声器可经由使用音频音调、语音、歌声或其它声音而传达信息。In some implementations, the biometric monitoring device may communicate information to the user via audio feedback. For example, speakers in a biometric monitoring device may communicate information through the use of audio tones, speech, singing, or other sounds.
在生物计量监视装置的各种实施例中，这三个信息通信方法(视觉的、运动及听觉的)可单独地或与彼此或传达任何一个或多个以下信息的另一传达方法的任何组合来使用：In various embodiments of the biometric monitoring device, these three information communication methods (visual, motor, and auditory) may be used alone or in any combination with each other or another communication method that conveys any one or more of the following information to use:
·用户需要在特定时间唤醒The user needs to wake up at a specific time
·用户应在其处于某一睡眠阶段时唤醒The user should wake up when they are in a certain sleep stage
·用户应在某一时间入睡The user should fall asleep at a certain time
·用户应在其处于某一睡眠阶段且处于由用户想要唤醒的最早及最晚时间定界的预选时间窗中时唤醒。• The user should wake up when they are in a certain sleep stage and within a preselected window of time delimited by the earliest and latest time the user wants to wake up.
·接收到电子邮件· Email received
·用户已不活动达某一时间周期。值得注意的是，此可与例如会议日历或睡眠跟踪应用程序的其它应用程序集成以规划、精简或调整不活动提醒的行为。• The user has been inactive for a certain period of time. Notably, this can be integrated with other applications such as meeting calendars or sleep tracking applications to schedule, streamline or adjust the behavior of inactivity reminders.
·用户已活动达某一时间周期· The user has been active for a certain period of time
·用户具有约会或日历事件· User has an appointment or calendar event
·用户已达到某一活动度量A user has reached a certain activity metric
·用户已走动某一距离· The user has walked a certain distance
·用户已达到某一英里数The user has reached a certain mileage
·用户已达到某一速度· The user has reached a certain speed
·用户已累积达某一海拔· The user has accumulated to a certain altitude
·用户已行走某一步数· The user has walked a certain number of steps
·用户近来已进行心率测量The user has recently taken a heart rate measurement
·用户心率已达到某一水平The user's heart rate has reached a certain level
·用户具有为特定值或在特定范围中的正常、活动或静息心率· The user has a normal, active or resting heart rate that is a specific value or in a specific range
·用户的心率已进入或退出某一目标范围或训练区The user's heart rate has entered or exited a target range or training zone
·用户具有欲达到的新心率“区”目标，在所述情况下为针对跑步、骑车、游泳等活动训练的心率区The user has new heart rate "zone" goals to achieve, in this case heart rate zones trained for activities such as running, biking, swimming, etc.
·用户已游泳一个单程或在池中完成某一数目的单程· The user has swum a lap or completed a certain number of laps in the pool
·外部装置具有需要传达给用户的信息，例如传入电话呼叫或以上提醒中的任一者· The external device has information that needs to be conveyed to the user, such as an incoming phone call or any of the above alerts
·用户已达到某一疲劳目标或极限。在一个实施例中，可经由心率、皮肤电响应、运动传感器及/或呼吸数据的组合来确定疲劳• The user has reached a certain fatigue goal or limit. In one embodiment, fatigue may be determined via a combination of heart rate, galvanic skin response, motion sensor, and/or respiration data
提供这些实例是为了说明且并不希望限制可由生物计量监视装置的此些实施例传达(例如，给用户)的信息的范围。注意，用以确定是否满足提醒条件的数据可从第一装置及/或一或多个辅助装置获取。生物计量监视装置自身可确定是否已满足用于提醒的准则或条件。或者，与生物计量监视装置通信的计算装置(例如，服务器及/或移动电话)可确定何时应发生提醒。鉴于本发明，所属领域的技术人员可设想生物计量监视装置可传达给用户的其它信息。举例来说，当已满足目标时，生物计量监视装置可与用户通信。满足此目标的准则可基于生理、上下文及第一装置上的环境传感器及/或来自一或多个辅助装置的其它传感器数据。可由用户设定或可由生物计量监视装置自身及/或与生物计量监视装置通信的另一计算装置(例如，服务器)设定目标。在一实例实施例中，在满足生物计量目标时，生物计量监视装置可振动。These examples are provided for illustration and not intended to limit the scope of information that may be conveyed (eg, to a user) by such embodiments of a biometric monitoring device. Note that the data used to determine whether the reminder condition is met can be obtained from the first device and/or one or more auxiliary devices. The biometric monitoring device itself may determine whether criteria or conditions for the alert have been met. Alternatively, a computing device (eg, a server and/or mobile phone) in communication with the biometric monitoring device may determine when a reminder should occur. Other information that a biometric monitoring device may communicate to a user may be envisioned by one of ordinary skill in the art in view of this disclosure. For example, a biometric monitoring device may communicate with a user when a goal has been met. Criteria for meeting this goal may be based on physiological, contextual, and environmental sensors on the first device and/or other sensor data from one or more auxiliary devices. The goal may be set by a user or may be set by the biometric monitoring device itself and/or another computing device (eg, a server) in communication with the biometric monitoring device. In an example embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may vibrate when the biometric goal is met.
本发明的生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可配备有无线及/或有线通信电路以实时地在辅助装置上显示数据。举例来说，此些生物计量监视装置可能够经由蓝牙低能量与移动电话通信以便向用户给出心率、心率变化及/或紧张的实时反馈。此些生物计量监视装置可训练或准许用户以缓解紧张的特定方式(例如通过进行缓慢的深呼吸)呼吸的“时刻”。紧张可经量化或经由心率、心率变化、皮肤温度、运动活动数据及/或皮肤电响应的改变来加以评估。Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may be equipped with wireless and/or wired communication circuitry to display data on a secondary device in real time. For example, such biometric monitoring devices may be able to communicate with mobile phones via Bluetooth low energy in order to give the user real-time feedback on heart rate, heart rate changes and/or stress. Such biometric monitoring devices may train or empower the user to "moment" to breathe in a particular way to relieve tension, such as by taking slow, deep breaths. Stress can be quantified or assessed via changes in heart rate, heart rate variability, skin temperature, motor activity data, and/or galvanic skin response.
生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可经由一或多个本地或远程输入方法从用户接收输入。本地用户输入的一个此种实施例可使用一传感器或一组传感器来将用户的移动转译成对装置的命令。此些运动可包含但可不限于触按、转动手腕、弯曲一或多个肌肉，及摆臂。另一用户输入方法可为经由使用按钮，例如但不限于电容式触摸按钮、电容式屏幕按钮及机械按钮。在一个实施例中，用户接口按钮可由金属制成。在其中屏幕使用电容式触摸检测的实施例中，其可始终取样且准备好对任何姿势或输入作出响应而无需介入事件，例如推动物理按钮。此些生物计量监视装置还可经由使用音频命令进行输入。所有这些输入方法可在本地集成到生物计量监视装置中或集成到可经由有线或无线连接与此些生物计量监视装置通信的远程装置中。此外，用户还可能能够经由远程装置操纵生物计量监视装置。在一个实施例中，此远程装置可具有因特网连接性。Some embodiments of a biometric monitoring device may receive input from a user via one or more local or remote input methods. One such embodiment of local user input may use a sensor or set of sensors to translate the user's movements into commands to the device. Such motions may include, but may not be limited to, touching, turning the wrist, flexing one or more muscles, and swinging the arm. Another method of user input may be through the use of buttons such as, but not limited to, capacitive touch buttons, capacitive on-screen buttons, and mechanical buttons. In one embodiment, the user interface buttons may be made of metal. In embodiments where the screen uses capacitive touch detection, it can always be sampled and ready to respond to any gesture or input without an intervening event, such as pushing a physical button. Such biometric monitoring devices may also take input through the use of audio commands. All of these input methods can be integrated locally into the biometric monitoring device or into a remote device that can communicate with such biometric monitoring device via a wired or wireless connection. Additionally, the user may also be able to manipulate the biometric monitoring device via a remote device. In one embodiment, this remote device may have Internet connectivity.
报警器Alarm system
在一些实施例中，本发明的生物计量监视装置可充当手腕安装式振动报警器以安静地将用户从睡眠中唤醒。此些生物计量监视装置可经由心率、心率变化、皮肤电响应、运动感测(例如，加速度计、陀螺仪、磁力计)及皮肤温度中的一者或组合而跟踪用户的睡眠质量、唤醒周期、睡眠延迟、睡眠效率、睡眠阶段(例如，深睡眠与REM)，及/或其它睡眠相关度量。用户可指定所需报警时间或时间窗(例如，设定报警器在上午7点及上午8点响起)。此些实施例可使用睡眠度量中的一或多者来确定报警窗内的最佳时间以唤 醒用户。在一个实施例中，当振动报警器活动时，用户可通过拍击或触按装置(其例如经由装置中的运动传感器、压力/力传感器及/或电容性触摸传感器而检测)而致使其退隐或关掉。在一个实施例中，装置可通过在特定用户睡眠阶段处或在报警设定之前的时间开始小振动而试图在睡眠周期中的最佳时刻叫醒用户。其可随着用户朝向觉醒或朝向报警设定进展而逐渐增大振动的强度或明显性。(见，例如，图8)。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device of the present invention can act as a wrist-mounted vibrating alarm to quietly wake the user from sleep. Such biometric monitoring devices may track the user's sleep quality, wake-up cycles via one or a combination of heart rate, heart rate variability, galvanic skin response, motion sensing (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer), and skin temperature. , sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep stages (eg, deep sleep versus REM), and/or other sleep-related metrics. The user can specify the desired alarm time or time window (for example, set the alarm to go off at 7 am and 8 am). Such embodiments may use one or more of the sleep metrics to determine the optimal time within the alarm window to wake the user. In one embodiment, when the vibrating alarm is active, the user can cause it to be dismissed by tapping or touching the device (detected, for example, via motion sensors, pressure/force sensors, and/or capacitive touch sensors in the device) or turn off. In one embodiment, the device may attempt to wake the user at the optimal moment in the sleep cycle by initiating a small vibration at a particular user sleep stage or at a time prior to the alarm setting. It may gradually increase the intensity or pronounceability of the vibration as the user progresses towards wakefulness or towards an alarm setting. (See, eg, Figure 8).
图8说明实例便携式生物计量监视装置智能报警特征的功能性。生物计量监视装置可能够检测可检测用户的睡眠阶段或状态((例如，浅或深睡眠)的装置或可与所述装置通信。用户可设定其将希望醒来的时间窗(例如，上午6:15到上午6:45)。智能报警可由用户在报警窗期间进入浅睡眠状态而触发。8 illustrates the functionality of an example portable biometric monitoring device smart alert feature. A biometric monitoring device may be capable of detecting or may communicate with a device that can detect a user's sleep stage or state (e.g., light or deep sleep). The user can set a time window (e.g., morning sleep) in which they will wish to wake up. 6:15 to 6:45 am). The smart alarm can be triggered by the user falling into a light sleep state during the alarm window.
生物计量监视装置可经配置以允许用户选择或创建其选择的报警振动模式。用户可能够“打盹”或延迟报警事件。在一个实施例中，用户可能够设定用于“打盹”特征的延迟量：所述延迟为在报警将再次响起之前的时间量。其还可能能够设定每报警周期可激活打盹特征的次数。举例来说，用户可选择5分钟的打盹延迟及为3的最大连续打盹数目。因此，其可按压打盹3次以在其每次按压打盹以延迟报警时将报警延迟5分钟。在此些实施例中，如果用户尝试按压打盹第四次，打盹功能不会关掉报警。The biometric monitoring device may be configured to allow the user to select or create an alert vibration pattern of his choice. The user may be able to "snooze" or delay the alarm event. In one embodiment, the user may be able to set an amount of delay for the "snooze" feature: the delay is the amount of time before the alarm will sound again. It may also be possible to set the number of times the snooze feature may be activated per alarm period. For example, the user may select a snooze delay of 5 minutes and a maximum number of consecutive snoozes of 3. So it can press snooze 3 times to delay the alarm for 5 minutes each time it presses snooze to delay the alarm. In such embodiments, the snooze function will not turn off the alarm if the user tries to press snooze a fourth time.
一些生物计量监视装置可具有关于用户的日历及/或调度的信息。用户的日历信息可直接键入生物计量监视装置或其可从不同装置(例如智能电话)下载。此信息可用以自动地设定报警或报警特性。举例来说，如果用户在早晨9点要开会，那么生物计量监视装置可自动地在上午7:30唤醒用户以允许用户有足够时间准备及/或到达会议。生物计量监视装置可基于用户的当前位置、会议的位置及从用户的当前位置到达会议的位置将花费的时间量来确定用户准备会议所需的时间量。或者，可使用关于用户到达会议位置及/或准备出发前往会议所花费的时间(例如，其在早晨醒来、洗淋浴、吃早餐等所花费的时间)的历史数据来确定何时唤醒用户。类似功能性可用于不同于会议的日历事件，例如进食时间、睡眠时间、小睡时间及锻炼时间。Some biometric monitoring devices may have information about a user's calendar and/or schedule. The user's calendar information can be entered directly into the biometric monitoring device or it can be downloaded from a different device such as a smartphone. This information can be used to automatically set alarms or alarm characteristics. For example, if the user has a meeting at 9 am, the biometric monitoring device may automatically wake the user at 7:30 am to allow the user sufficient time to prepare for and/or arrive at the meeting. The biometric monitoring device may determine the amount of time the user needs to prepare for the meeting based on the user's current location, the location of the meeting, and the amount of time it will take to get from the user's current location to the meeting location. Alternatively, historical data about the time it takes the user to arrive at the meeting location and/or prepare to leave for the meeting (e.g., the time it takes them to wake up in the morning, take a shower, eat breakfast, etc.) can be used to determine when to wake the user. Similar functionality can be used for calendar events other than meetings, such as meal times, sleep times, nap times, and exercise times.
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可使用关于用户想要何时入睡的信息来确定报警应何时响起以唤醒用户。此信息可补充本文所述的日历信息。用户可具有其在每夜或每周所希望的大致睡眠小时数的目标。生物计量监视装置可将早晨报警设定于适当时间以使用户满足这些睡眠目标。除用户在每夜所希望的睡眠时间量之外，用户还可设定的其它睡眠目标可包含但不限于用户在睡眠时经历的深睡眠、REM睡眠及浅睡眠的量，所有这些可由生物计量监视装置用以确定在早晨何时设定报警。此外，可在夜间提醒用户其何时应上床睡觉以满足其睡眠目标。此外，可在日间提醒用户其何时应小睡以满足其 睡眠目标。提醒用户其应小睡的时间可通过优化用户在小睡、后续小睡或夜间睡眠期间的睡眠质量的因素来确定。举例来说，如果用户在清晨小睡，那么用户可能在夜间具有入睡的硬性时间。还可建议用户吃某些食物或饮料或避免某些食物或饮料以优化其睡眠质量。举例来说，可能不鼓励用户在接近其就寝时间时饮酒，因为酒精可能降低其睡眠质量。还可建议用户执行某些活动或避免某些活动以优化其睡眠质量。举例来说，可能鼓励用户在午后进行锻炼以改善其睡眠质量。可能不鼓励用户在接近其就寝时间时进行锻炼或看电视以改善其睡眠质量。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may use information about when the user wants to fall asleep to determine when an alarm should sound to wake the user. This information supplements the calendar information described in this article. A user may have a goal of an approximate number of hours of sleep that they would like to have each night or each week. The biometric monitoring device can set a morning alarm at an appropriate time for the user to meet these sleep goals. In addition to the amount of sleep the user desires each night, other sleep goals that the user can set may include, but are not limited to, the amount of deep sleep, REM sleep, and light sleep the user experiences while sleeping, all of which can be measured by biometrics. A monitoring device is used to determine when to set the alarm in the morning. Additionally, users may be reminded at night when they should go to bed to meet their sleep goals. Additionally, users can be reminded during the day when they should take a nap to meet their sleep goals. The time to remind the user that they should take a nap may be determined by factors that optimize the user's sleep quality during the nap, subsequent naps, or nighttime sleep. For example, if a user naps early in the morning, the user may have a hard time falling asleep at night. The user may also be advised to eat certain foods or beverages or avoid certain foods or beverages to optimize their sleep quality. For example, a user may be discouraged from drinking alcohol close to their bedtime because alcohol may reduce the quality of their sleep. Users may also be advised to perform certain activities or avoid certain activities to optimize their sleep quality. For example, users might be encouraged to exercise in the afternoon to improve their sleep quality. Users may be discouraged from exercising or watching TV near their bedtime to improve their sleep quality.
与辅助装置的用户接口User interface with auxiliary devices
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可将数据及/或命令发射到辅助电子装置及/或从辅助电子装置接收数据及/或命令。辅助电子装置可直接或间接地与生物计量监视装置通信。直接通信在本文中是指数据在第一装置与辅助装置之间发射而没有任何中间装置。举例来说，两个装置可经由无线连接(例如蓝牙)或有线连接(例如USB)彼此通信。间接通信是指数据在第一装置与辅助装置之间借助于一个或多个中间第三装置(其中继所述数据)的发射。第三装置可包含但不限于无线转发器(例如，WiFi转发器)、计算装置，例如智能电话、膝上型计算机、桌上型或平板计算机、手机塔、计算机服务器及其它联网的电子器件。举例来说，生物计量装置可将数据发送到智能电话，所述智能电话经由蜂窝式网络数据连接将所述数据转发到经由因特网连接到所述蜂窝式网络的服务器。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device can transmit data and/or commands to and/or receive data and/or commands from the secondary electronic device. The secondary electronic device may communicate directly or indirectly with the biometric monitoring device. Direct communication herein means that data is transmitted between a first device and a secondary device without any intermediary device. For example, two devices may communicate with each other via a wireless connection (such as Bluetooth) or a wired connection (such as USB). Indirect communication refers to the transmission of data between a first device and a secondary device by means of one or more intermediate third devices that relay the data. Third devices may include, but are not limited to, wireless repeaters (eg, WiFi repeaters), computing devices such as smartphones, laptops, desktop or tablet computers, cell phone towers, computer servers, and other networked electronics. For example, a biometric device may send data to a smartphone, which forwards the data via a cellular network data connection to a server connected to the cellular network via the Internet.
在一些实施例中，充当到生物计量监视装置的用户接口的辅助装置可由智能电话组成。智能电话上的应用程序可促进及/或使得智能电话能够充当到生物计量监视装置的用户接口。生物计量监视装置可实时地或在具有一些延迟的情况下将生物计量及其它数据发送到智能电话。智能电话可实时地或在具有一些延迟的情况下将一或多个命令发送到生物计量监视装置以例如指示其将生物计量及其它数据发送到智能电话。举例来说，如果用户在应用程序中进入跟踪跑步的模式，那么智能电话可将命令发送到生物计量装置以指示其实时地发送数据。因此，用户可在其前进时无任何延迟地在其应用程序上跟踪其跑步。In some embodiments, the secondary device serving as a user interface to the biometric monitoring device may consist of a smartphone. An application on the smartphone may facilitate and/or enable the smartphone to act as a user interface to the biometric monitoring device. The biometric monitoring device can send biometric and other data to the smartphone in real time or with some delay. The smartphone may send one or more commands to the biometric monitoring device, eg, instructing it to send biometric and other data to the smartphone, in real time or with some delay. For example, if the user enters a mode to track a run in an app, the smartphone can send commands to the biometric device instructing it to send data in real time. Thus, users can track their run on their app without any delay as they progress.
此类智能电话可具有一个或多个应用程序以使得用户能够从其生物计量装置检视数据。所述应用程序可在用户启动或打开所述应用程序时默认地打开到“仪表板”页面。在此页面上，可展示例如总步数、所爬楼层数、行进英里数、燃烧的卡路里数、消耗的卡路里数及消耗的水等数据总计的概要。也可展示其它相干信息，例如应用程序从生物计量监视装置接收数据的最后时间、关于前一夜的睡眠的度量(例如，用户何时入睡、醒来及其睡眠时间)，及用户在当天可进食多少卡路里以维持其卡路里目标(例如，实现 减肥的卡路里赤字目标)。用户可能够选择将这些及其它度量中的哪些展示在仪表板屏幕上。用户可能够在仪表板上看到前几天的这些及其它度量。其可能够通过按压触摸屏上的按钮或图标而接入前几天。或者，例如向左或向右拨动等姿势可使得用户能够导览当前及先前度量。Such smartphones may have one or more applications to enable users to view data from their biometric devices. The application may open to a "dashboard" page by default when the user launches or opens the application. On this page, a summary of data totals such as total steps, floors climbed, miles traveled, calories burned, calories burned and water consumed can be shown. Other relevant information can also be displayed, such as the last time the app received data from the biometric monitoring device, metrics about the previous night's sleep (e.g., when the user fell asleep, woke up, and how long they slept), and whether the user was able to eat during the day How many calories to maintain their calorie goals (for example, to achieve a calorie deficit goal for weight loss). A user may be able to select which of these and other metrics are displayed on the dashboard screen. A user may be able to see these and other metrics from previous days on the dashboard. It may be possible to access previous days by pressing a button or icon on the touch screen. Alternatively, gestures such as swiping left or right may enable the user to navigate current and previous metrics.
智能电话应用程序还可具有提供用户活动的概要的另一页面。活动可包含但不限于步行、跑步、骑车、烹调、坐着、工作、游泳、出差、举重、上下班及瑜伽。与这些活动相干的度量可呈现在此页面上。举例来说，条形图可展示用户在当天的不同部分所走的步数(例如，每5分钟或每1小时走了多少步)。在另一实例中，可显示用户在执行某一活动上花费的时间量及在此时间周期中燃烧了多少卡路里。类似于仪表板页面，应用程序可提供导览功能性以允许用户查看过去几天的这些及其它度量。还可由用户选择例如小时、分钟、周、月或年等其它时间周期以使其能够检视在较短或较大时间跨度内其活动的倾向及度量。The smartphone application may also have another page that provides a summary of user activity. Activities may include, but are not limited to, walking, running, biking, cooking, sitting, working, swimming, errands, lifting weights, commuting, and yoga. Metrics related to these activities can be presented on this page. For example, a bar graph may show how many steps a user took during different parts of the day (eg, how many steps are taken every 5 minutes or every 1 hour). In another example, the amount of time the user spent performing a certain activity and how many calories were burned during this time period may be displayed. Similar to the dashboard page, the application may provide navigation functionality to allow the user to view these and other metrics for the past few days. Other time periods such as hours, minutes, weeks, months or years may also be selected by the user to enable them to view trends and metrics of their activity over shorter or larger time spans.
智能电话应用程序还可具有用以将用户已吃或将吃的食物记入日志的接口。此接口可具有关键字搜索特征以允许用户快速找出其希望键入其日志中的食物。作为搜索食物的替代方案或除此之外，用户可能够通过导览菜单或一系列选单而找出要记入日志的食物。举例来说，用户可选择以下系列类别：早餐/谷类/健康/燕麦片以到达其希望记入日志的食物(例如，苹果口味的燕麦片)。在这些菜单中的任一者处，用户可能够执行关键字搜索。举例来说，用户可在已选择类别“早餐”之后搜索“燕麦片”以在早餐食物的类别内搜索关键字“燕麦片”。在已选择其将希望记入日志的食物之后，用户可能够修改或键入分量大小及营养含量。在已将至少一种食物记入日志之后，应用程序可以某一时间周期(例如，天)显示记入日志的食物的概要及所述食物的营养含量(个别及全部卡路里含量、维生素含量、糖含量，等)。The smartphone application may also have an interface to log what the user has eaten or will eat. This interface may have a keyword search feature to allow users to quickly find foods they wish to type into their diary. As an alternative to, or in addition to, searching for foods, a user may be able to navigate through a menu or series of menus to find foods to log. For example, a user may select the following series of categories: Breakfast/Cereals/Health/Oatmeal to arrive at the food they wish to log (eg, apple-flavored oatmeal). At any of these menus, the user may be able to perform a keyword search. For example, a user may search for "oatmeal" after having selected the category "breakfast" to search for the keyword "oatmeal" within the category of breakfast foods. After having selected the food they would like to log, the user may be able to modify or enter the portion size and nutritional content. After at least one food has been logged, the app can display a summary of the foods logged for a certain period of time (e.g., day) and the nutritional content (individual and overall calorie content, vitamin content, sugar content, etc.) of the food. content, etc.).
智能电话应用程序还可具有显示关于用户身体的度量(例如，用户的体重、身体脂肪百分比、BMI，及腰围大小)的页面。其可显示展示这些度量中的一者或多者在某一时间周期(例如，两周)内的趋势的一或多个曲线。用户可能够选择此时间周期的值并检视先前时间周期(例如，上月)。The smartphone application may also have a page that displays measurements about the user's body (eg, the user's weight, body fat percentage, BMI, and waist size). It may display one or more curves showing trends of one or more of these metrics over a certain period of time (eg, two weeks). A user may be able to select a value for this time period and view a previous time period (eg, last month).
智能电话应用程序还可具有允许用户键入用户已消耗多少水的页面。每当用户饮用一些水时，其可按其选择的单位(例如，盎司、杯，等)键入所述量。应用程序可显示用户在某一时间周期(例如，一天)内已记入日志的所有水的总量。应用程序可允许用户查看先前记入日志的水条目及前几天以及当天的日总量。The smartphone application may also have a page that allows the user to enter how much water the user has consumed. Whenever the user drinks some water, he can key in the amount in the unit of his choice (eg, ounces, cups, etc.). The application may display the total amount of all water that the user has logged over a certain period of time (eg, a day). The application allows the user to view previously logged water entries and daily totals for previous days and the current day.
智能电话应用程序还可具有显示用户的在线朋友的页面。此“朋友”页面可使得用户能够添加或请求新朋友(例如，通过搜索其姓名或通过其电子邮件地址)。此页面还可显示用户及其朋友的排行榜(leaderboard)。用户及其朋友可基于一或多个度量进行排名。举例来说，用户及其朋友可使用过去七天的总步数进行排名。The smartphone application may also have a page displaying the user's online friends. This "friends" page may enable users to add or request new friends (eg, by searching their names or by their email addresses). This page can also display a leaderboard of users and their friends. Users and their friends may be ranked based on one or more metrics. For example, users and their friends can be ranked using their total step count over the past seven days.
智能电话应用程序还可具有展示关于用户前夜及/或前几夜的睡眠的度量的页面。此页面还可使得用户能够通过指定其何时上床睡觉及其何时醒来而将其过去何时睡觉记入日志。用户还可能够关于其睡眠的主观度量(例如，不良的夜间休息、良好的夜间休息、极好的夜间休息，等)。用户可能够检视过去今天或时间周期(例如，两周)的这些度量。举例来说，睡眠页面可默认展示用户在最近两周的每一夜的睡眠时间量的条形图。用户还可能够检视用户在最近一月的每一夜的睡眠时间量的条形图。The smartphone application may also have a page showing metrics about the user's sleep the previous night and/or previous nights. This page may also enable the user to log when they have slept in the past by specifying when they went to bed and when they woke up. Users may also be able to have subjective metrics about their sleep (eg, poor night's rest, good night's rest, excellent night's rest, etc.). A user may be able to view these metrics for the past today or a period of time (eg, two weeks). For example, the sleep page may by default display a bar graph of the amount of sleep the user has had each night for the last two weeks. The user may also be able to view a bar graph of the amount of sleep time for each night of the user for the most recent month.
用户还可能够经由替代或额外接口接入本文所述的智能电话应用程序的完整能力(例如，能够键入食物日志、检视仪表板，等)。在一个实施例中，此替代接口可由网页组成，所述网页由与生物计量监视装置间接通信的服务器托管。所述网页可经由任何因特网连接装置使用例如网络浏览器等程序接入。The user may also be able to access the full capabilities of the smartphone application described herein (eg, be able to enter a food log, view a dashboard, etc.) via an alternative or additional interface. In one embodiment, this alternative interface may consist of a web page hosted by a server in indirect communication with the biometric monitoring device. The web pages can be accessed via any Internet-connected device using a program such as a web browser.
无线连接性及数据发射Wireless Connectivity and Data Transmission
本发明的生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可包含用以从因特网及/或其它装置发射及接收信息的无线通信机构。无线通信可由例如蓝牙、ANT、WLAN、电力线联网及手机网络等一或多个接口组成。这些提供为实例，且不应理解为排除其它现有无线通信方法或协议或尚未发明的无线通信技术或协议。Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring devices of the present invention may include wireless communication mechanisms to transmit and receive information from the Internet and/or other devices. Wireless communication may consist of one or more interfaces such as Bluetooth, ANT, WLAN, powerline networking, and cellular networks. These are provided as examples and should not be understood as excluding other existing wireless communication methods or protocols or wireless communication technologies or protocols that have not yet been invented.
无线连接可为双向的。生物计量监视装置可将其数据发射、传达及/或推送到其它装置，例如智能电话、计算机，等及/或因特网，例如网络服务器等。生物计量监视装置还可从其它装置及/或因特网接收、请求及/或拉动(pull)数据。Wireless connections may be bi-directional. The biometric monitoring device can transmit, communicate and/or push its data to other devices, such as smartphones, computers, etc. and/or the Internet, such as web servers and the like. The biometric monitoring device may also receive, request and/or pull data from other devices and/or the Internet.
生物计量监视装置可充当将用于其它装置的通信提供到彼此或提供到因特网的中继器。举例来说，生物计量监视装置可经由WLAN连接到因特网并且配备有ANT无线电。ANT装置可与生物计量监视装置通信以经由生物计量监视装置的WLAN将其数据发射到因特网(且反之亦然)。作为另一实例，生物计量监视装置可配备有蓝牙。如果具有蓝牙功能的智能电话进入生物计量监视装置的范围内，那么生物计量监视装置可经由智能电话的手机网络将数据发射到因特网或从因特网接收数据。来自另一装置的数据还可发射到生物计量监视装置并存储(或反之亦然)或在稍后时间发射。Biometric monitoring devices may act as repeaters providing communications for other devices to each other or to the Internet. For example, a biometric monitoring device may be connected to the Internet via WLAN and equipped with an ANT radio. The ANT device can communicate with the biometric monitoring device to transmit its data to the Internet (and vice versa) via the biometric monitoring device's WLAN. As another example, a biometric monitoring device may be equipped with Bluetooth. If a Bluetooth-enabled smartphone comes within range of the biometric monitoring device, the biometric monitoring device can transmit data to or receive data from the Internet via the smartphone's cellular network. Data from another device may also be transmitted to the biometric monitoring device and stored (or vice versa) or transmitted at a later time.
本发明的生物计量监视装置的实施例还可包含用于流式传输或发射网络内容以供在生物计量监视装置上显示的功能性。以下为此内容的典型实例：Embodiments of the biometric monitoring device of the present invention may also include functionality for streaming or transmitting web content for display on the biometric monitoring device. A typical example of this content follows:
1.由装置测量但远程存储的心率及/或其它数据的历史曲线1. History of heart rate and/or other data measured by the device but stored remotely
2.由其它装置测量及/或远程存储(例如，例如在如fitbit.com的网站处)的用户活动及/或所消耗食物及/或睡眠数据的历史曲线2. Historical curves of user activity and/or food consumed and/or sleep data measured by other devices and/or stored remotely (e.g., for example at a website like fitbit.com)
3.远程存储的其他用户跟踪数据的历史曲线。实例包含心率、血压、动脉硬度、血糖水平、胆固醇、看电视的持续时间、玩视频游戏的持续时间、情绪，等3. Historical curves of other user tracking data stored remotely. Examples include heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood sugar levels, cholesterol, duration of TV watching, duration of video game playing, mood, etc.
4.基于用户的心率、当前体重、体重目标、食物摄入、活动、睡眠及其它数据中的一或多者的训练及/或节食数据。4. Training and/or dieting data based on one or more of the user's heart rate, current weight, weight goals, food intake, activity, sleep, and other data.
5.朝向心率、体重、活动、睡眠及/或其它目标的用户进展。5. User's progress towards heart rate, weight, activity, sleep and/or other goals.
6.描述前述数据的概要统计、图形、徽章及/或度量(例如，“等级”)6. Summary statistics, graphs, badges and/or metrics describing the aforementioned data (e.g., "rank")
7.用户的前述数据与具有类似装置及/或跟踪方法的其“朋友”的类似数据之间的比较7. Comparison between the aforementioned data of the user and similar data of his "friends" with similar devices and/or tracking methods
8.社交内容，例如推特(Twitter)馈送、即时传讯及/或脸书(Facebook)更新8. Social content, such as Twitter feeds, instant messaging and/or Facebook updates
9.其它在线内容，例如报纸文章、星座、天气报导、RSS馈送、连环漫画(comic)、纵横拼字谜、分类广告、股票报导，及网站9. Other online content such as newspaper articles, horoscopes, weather reports, RSS feeds, comics, crosswords, classified ads, stock reports, and websites
10.电子邮件消息及日历计划表10. Email messages and calendar scheduler
可根据不同上下文将内容递送到生物计量监视装置。举例来说，在早晨，可连同用户前夜的睡眠数据显示新闻及天气报导。在晚上，可显示日间活动的每日概述。Content may be delivered to the biometric monitoring device according to different contexts. For example, in the morning, news and weather reports may be displayed along with the user's sleep data from the previous night. In the evening, a daily overview of the day's activities can be displayed.
如本文所揭示的生物计量监视装置的各种实施例还可包含可用以起始其它装置中的功能性的NFC、RFID或其它短程无线通信电路。举例来说，生物计量监视装置可配备有NFC天线以使得当用户使其与移动电话紧密接近时，应用程序自动地在所述移动电话上启动。Various embodiments of biometric monitoring devices as disclosed herein may also include NFC, RFID, or other short-range wireless communication circuitry that may be used to initiate functionality in other devices. For example, a biometric monitoring device may be equipped with an NFC antenna such that an application automatically launches on a mobile phone when the user brings it into close proximity.
提供这些实例用于说明且并不希望限制可由装置发射、接收或显示的数据的范围或可在此传送及显示期间发生的任何中间处理。鉴于本发明/应用程序，所属领域的技术人员可设想可流式传输或经由生物计量监视装置传输的数据的许多其它实例。These examples are provided for illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of data that may be transmitted, received or displayed by a device or any intermediate processing that may occur during such transmission and display. Many other examples of data that may be streamed or transmitted via a biometric monitoring device may be envisioned by those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure/application.
充电及数据发射Charging and data transmission
生物计量监视装置的一些实施例可使用有线连接来为内部可再充电电池充电及/或传送数据到例如膝上型计算机或移动电话等主机装置。在类似于本发明中较早论述的实施例的一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置可使用磁体来帮助用户将生物计量监视装置对准到底座或缆线。磁体在底座或缆线中的磁场及装置自身中的磁体可有策略地定向以便迫使生物计量监视装置与底座或缆线(或更具体来说，缆线上的连接器)自对准，且提供将生物计量监视装置保持在底座中或保持到缆线的力。磁体还可用作用于充电或数据发射目的的导电接点。在另一实施例中，永磁体可仅用于底座或缆线侧而不用于生物计量 监视装置自身。此可在生物计量监视装置使用磁力计的情况下改善生物计量监视装置的性能。如果在生物计量监视装置中存在磁体，那么附近永磁体的强磁场可能使得显著地更难使磁力计准确测量地球的磁场。在此些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可利用二价铁材料代替磁体，且底座或缆线侧上的磁体可附接到二价铁材料。Some embodiments of a biometric monitoring device may use a wired connection to charge an internal rechargeable battery and/or transmit data to a host device such as a laptop or mobile phone. In one embodiment similar to those discussed earlier in this disclosure, the biometric monitoring device may use magnets to help the user align the biometric monitoring device to the mount or cable. The magnetic fields of the magnets in the base or cable and the magnets in the device itself can be strategically oriented so as to force the biometric monitoring device to self-align with the base or cable (or more specifically, the connector on the cable), and A force is provided to hold the biometric monitoring device in the mount or to the cable. The magnets can also be used as conductive contacts for charging or data transmission purposes. In another embodiment, permanent magnets may be used only on the base or cable side and not on the biometric monitoring device itself. This may improve the performance of the biometric monitoring device if the biometric monitoring device uses a magnetometer. If magnets are present in a biometric monitoring device, the strong magnetic fields of nearby permanent magnets can make it significantly more difficult for a magnetometer to accurately measure the Earth's magnetic field. In such embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may utilize a ferrous material instead of a magnet, and the magnet on the base or cable side may be attached to the ferrous material.
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可在生物计量监视装置主体中含有一或多个电磁体。用于充电及数据发射的充电器或底座也可含有电磁体及/或永磁体。生物计量监视装置仅当其接近于充电器或底座时才可接通其电磁体。生物计量监视装置可通过使用磁力计查找充电器或底座中的永磁体的磁场签名而检测与底座或充电器的接近度。或者，生物计量监视装置可通过测量来自充电器或底座的无线信号的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)或在一些实施例中通过辨识与所述充电器或底座相关联的NFC或RFID标记而检测到充电器的接近度。当装置不需要充电、同步或但其已完成同步或充电时，可颠倒电磁体，从而产生从充电缆线或底座排斥所述装置的力。在一些实施例中，充电器或底座可包含电磁体，且可经配置(例如，充电器或底座中的处理器可经由程序指令加以配置)以在连接生物计量监视装置用于充电时接通电磁体(电磁体可通常保持接通以使得放置在充电器上的生物计量监视装置因电磁体而被吸引抵靠充电器，或电磁体可保持关掉直到充电器确定已将生物计量监视装置放置在充电器上，例如经由完成充电电路、辨识出生物计量监视装置中的NFC标记等，且接着接通以吸引生物计量监视装置抵靠充电器。在充电完成(或数据传送完成，如果充电器实际上为数据传送托架或组合的充电器/数据传送托架)之后，可即刻关掉电磁体(暂时性地或直到再次检测到将生物计量监视装置放置在充电器上)，且生物计量监视装置可停止被吸引抵靠充电器。在此些实施例中，可能需要定向生物计量监视装置与充电器之间的接口，使得在不存在由电磁体产生的磁力的情况下，生物计量监视装置将从充电器掉落或以其它方式从充电位置偏移到明显不同的位置(以在视觉上向用户指示充电或数据传送完成)。In another embodiment, a biometric monitoring device may contain one or more electromagnets in the body of the biometric monitoring device. The charger or base for charging and data transmission may also contain electromagnets and/or permanent magnets. The biometric monitoring device can only switch on its electromagnet when it is in proximity to the charger or base. The biometric monitoring device may detect proximity to the base or charger by using a magnetometer to look for the magnetic field signature of a permanent magnet in the charger or base. Alternatively, the biometric monitoring device may be detected by measuring the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of a wireless signal from the charger or dock or, in some embodiments, by recognizing an NFC or RFID tag associated with the charger or dock. The proximity of the charger. When the device does not need to be charged, synced, or has completed syncing or charging, the electromagnet can be reversed, creating a force that repels the device from the charging cable or base. In some embodiments, the charger or base may include an electromagnet and may be configured (eg, a processor in the charger or base may be configured via program instructions) to turn on when a biometric monitoring device is connected for charging. The electromagnet (the electromagnet can generally be kept on so that a biometric monitoring device placed on the charger is attracted against the charger by the electromagnet, or the electromagnet can be kept off until the charger determines that the biometric monitoring device has been placed Placed on the charger, e.g. by completing the charging circuit, recognizing an NFC tag in the biometric monitoring device, etc., and then switching on to attract the biometric monitoring device against the charger. After charging is complete (or data transfer is complete, if charging Once the device is actually a data transfer cradle or a combined charger/data transfer cradle), the electromagnet can be turned off (temporarily or until placement of the biometric monitoring device on the charger is detected again), and the biometric The biometric monitoring device may cease to be attracted against the charger. In such embodiments, it may be desirable to orient the interface between the biometric monitoring device and the charger so that in the absence of the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet, the biometric The monitoring device will be dropped from the charger or otherwise displaced from the charging position to a significantly different position (to visually indicate to the user that charging or data transfer is complete).
数据传送中的传感器使用Sensor use in data transfer
在一些实施方案中，生物计量监视装置可包含可在具有不同数据发射速率及不同功率消耗速率的两个或两个以上协议之间切换的通信接口。此切换可由从生物计量监视装置的各种传感器获得的数据驱动。举例来说，如果使用蓝牙，那么通信接口可响应于基于来自生物计量监视装置的传感器的数据做出的确定而在使用蓝牙基本速率/增强数据速率(BR/EDR)与蓝牙低能量(BLE)协议之间切换。举例来说，当来自生物计量监视装置中的加速度计的传感器数据指示佩戴者睡着或以其它方式久坐时，可使用较低功率、较慢的BLE协议。相比之下，当来自生物计量监视装置中的加速度计的传感器数据指示佩 戴者正到处走动时，可使用较高功率、较快的BR/EDR协议。此自适应数据发射技术及功能性进一步论述于2014年3月5日申请的第61/948,468号美国临时专利申请案中，所述美国临时专利申请案先前在“对相关申请案的交叉参考”部分中以引用的方式并入本文中且再次特此关于在生物计量监视装置中的自适应数据传送速率处指出的内容而以引用的方式并入。In some implementations, a biometric monitoring device can include a communication interface that can switch between two or more protocols with different data transmission rates and different power consumption rates. This switching may be driven by data obtained from various sensors of the biometric monitoring device. For example, if Bluetooth is used, the communication interface may use Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate (BR/EDR) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in response to determinations made based on data from sensors of the biometric monitoring device. switch between protocols. For example, a lower power, slower BLE protocol may be used when sensor data from an accelerometer in a biometric monitoring device indicates that the wearer is asleep or otherwise sedentary. In contrast, the higher power, faster BR/EDR protocol may be used when sensor data from the accelerometer in the biometric monitoring device indicates that the wearer is moving around. This adaptive data transmission technique and functionality is further discussed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/948,468, filed March 5, 2014, previously published in "Cross-Reference to Related Applications" section is incorporated herein by reference and again hereby is hereby incorporated by reference for what is indicated at Adaptive Data Transfer Rates in Biometric Monitoring Devices.
此些通信接口还可充当用于生物计量监视装置的一种形式的传感器。举例来说，无线通信接口可允许生物计量监视装置确定在无线通信接口的范围内的装置的数目及类型。此数据可用以确定生物计量监视装置是否在特定上下文中，例如，在室内、在汽车中，等，且响应于此确定而以各种方式改变其行为。举例来说，如第61/948,468号美国临时专利申请案(上文中以引用的方式并入)中所论述，此些上下文可用以驱动用于无线通信的特定无线通信协议的选择。Such communication interfaces may also act as a form of sensor for the biometric monitoring device. For example, a wireless communication interface may allow a biometric monitoring device to determine the number and type of devices within range of the wireless communication interface. This data can be used to determine whether the biometric monitoring device is in a particular context, eg, indoors, in a car, etc., and to alter its behavior in various ways in response to this determination. For example, as discussed in US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/948,468 (incorporated by reference above), such contexts can be used to drive the selection of a particular wireless communication protocol for wireless communication.
可配置应用程序功能性Configurable application functionality
在一些实施例中，本发明的生物计量监视装置可包含手表样形状因数及/或手镯、臂饰或脚镯形状因数，且可编程有提供特定功能性及/或显示特定信息的“应用程序”。可通过多种机制(包含但不限于按压按钮、使用电容性触摸传感器、执行由加速度计检测的姿势、移动到由GPS或运动传感器检测的特定位置或区域、压缩生物计量监视装置主体(由此在装置内部产生可由生物计量监视装置内部的高度计检测的压力信号)，或将生物计量监视装置放置得接近于与一应用程序或一组应用程序相关联的NFC标记)来启动或关闭应用程序。还可通过某些环境或生理条件(包含但不限于检测到高心率、使用湿度传感器检测到水(以例如启动游泳应用程序)、某个当日时间(以例如在夜间启动睡眠跟踪应用程序、平面离开或着陆的压力及运动特性的改变以启动及关闭“飞机”模式应用程序)来自动地触发启动或关闭应用程序。还可通过同时满足多个条件来启动或关闭应用程序。举例来说，如果加速度计检测到用户正跑步且用户按压按钮，那么生物计量监视装置可启动步数计应用程序、高度计数据收集应用程序及/或显示器。在其中加速度计检测到游泳且用户按压相同按钮的另一情况下，其可启动游泳单程计数应用程序。In some embodiments, biometric monitoring devices of the present invention may include a watch-like form factor and/or a bracelet, armband, or anklet form factor and be programmed with "apps" that provide certain functionality and/or display certain information. ". Can be through a variety of mechanisms, including but not limited to pressing a button, using a capacitive touch sensor, performing a gesture detected by an accelerometer, moving to a specific location or area detected by a GPS or motion sensor, compressing the body of the biometric monitoring device (thus Generate a pressure signal inside the device that can be detected by an altimeter inside the biometric monitoring device), or place the biometric monitoring device in close proximity to an NFC tag associated with an application or group of applications) to activate or deactivate applications. Certain environmental or physiological conditions (including, but not limited to, detection of a high heart rate, detection of water using a humidity sensor (to launch a swimming app, for example), a certain time of day (to launch a sleep tracking app, for example, at night, Changes in the pressure and motion characteristics of departure or landing to activate and deactivate the "airplane" mode application) to automatically trigger the activation or deactivation of the application. It is also possible to activate or deactivate the application by satisfying multiple conditions at the same time. For example, If the accelerometer detects that the user is running and the user presses a button, the biometric monitoring device can launch a pedometer application, an altimeter data collection application, and/or a display. Another application where the accelerometer detects swimming and the user presses the same button In one case, it can start the swim lap counting application.
在一些实施例中，生物计量监视装置可具有可通过起动游泳应用程序而启动的的游泳跟踪模式。在此模式中，生物计量监视装置的运动传感器及/或磁力计可用以检测泳姿、分类泳姿类型、检测游泳单程，及其它相关度量，例如划动效率、单程时间、速度、距离及卡路里燃烧。由磁力计指示的方向改变可用以检测多种单程转身方法。在优选实施例中，来自运动传感器及/或压力传感器的数据可用以检测划动。In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring device may have a swim tracking mode that can be activated by launching the swim application. In this mode, the biometric monitoring device's motion sensor and/or magnetometer can be used to detect strokes, classify stroke types, detect laps, and other related metrics such as stroke efficiency, lap time, speed, distance, and calories combustion. The change in direction indicated by the magnetometer can be used to detect a variety of one-way turn methods. In a preferred embodiment, data from motion sensors and/or pressure sensors may be used to detect swipes.
在另一实施例中，可通过将生物计量监视装置移动得接近位于自行车上、位于自行 车的支座上或在与自行车相关联的位置(包含但不限于自行车车架或自行车存放设施)中的NFC或RFID标记而启动骑车应用程序。(见，例如，图10)。所启动的应用程序可使用与通常用以确定包含但不限于燃烧的卡路里、行进距离及获得的海拔的度量的算法不同的算法。还可在检测到无线自行车传感器(包含但不限于车轮传感器、GPS、步调传感器，或功率计)时启动应用程序。生物计量监视装置可接着显示及/或记录来自无线自行车传感器或自行车传感器的数据。In another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device can be monitored by moving the biometric monitoring device close to a bicycle located on the bicycle, on the cradle of the bicycle, or in a location associated with the bicycle, including but not limited to a bicycle frame or a bicycle storage facility. NFC or RFID tags to activate the ride-hailing app. (See, eg, Figure 10). The launched application may use a different algorithm than is typically used to determine metrics including, but not limited to, calories burned, distance traveled, and altitude gained. The application may also be launched upon detection of wireless bicycle sensors, including but not limited to wheel sensors, GPS, cadence sensors, or power meters. The biometric monitoring device may then display and/or record data from the wireless bicycle sensor or the bicycle sensor.
额外应用程序包含但不限于可编程或可定制手表面、停止观看、音乐播放器控制器(例如，MP3播放器、遥控器)、文本消息及/或电子邮件显示器或通知器、导航指南针、自行车计算机显示器(当与单独或集成式GPS装置通信、车轮传感器或功率计时)、举重跟踪器、仰卧起坐跟踪器、引体向上跟踪器、阻力训练形式/健身跟踪器、高尔夫摆幅分析器、网球(或其它球拍类运动)摆幅/服务分析器、网球游戏摆幅检测器、棒球摆幅分析器、掷球分析器(例如，足球、棒球)、有组织体育活动强度跟踪器(例如，足球、棒球、篮球、网球、橄榄球)、掷盘分析器、咬食物检测器、打字分析器、倾斜传感器、睡眠质量跟踪器、闹钟、压力计、紧张/放松生物反馈游戏(例如，潜在地结合提供听觉及/或视觉线索以在放松训练中训练用户呼吸的移动电话)、刷牙跟踪器、进食速率跟踪器(例如，计数或跟踪器具进入口中以进行实物摄入的速率及持续时间)、驾驶机动车醉酒或适合性指示器(例如，经由心率、心率变化、皮肤电响应、步态分析、解谜，等等)、过敏跟踪器(例如，使用皮肤电响应、心率、皮肤温度、花粉感测等等(可能结合来自例如因特网的外部季节性过敏原跟踪且可能确定用户对特定形式的过敏原(例如，花粉)的响应，及提醒用户此些过敏原的存在，例如从季节性信息、花粉跟踪数据库，或生物计量监视装置中的或由用户使用的本地环境传感器)、发烧跟踪器(例如，测量发烧、感冒或其它疾病的风险、发作或进展，可能结合季节性数据、疾病数据库、用户位置及/或用户提供的反馈来关于用户评估特定疾病(例如，流感)的扩散，及可能作为响应而指出或建议工作或活动的节制)、电子游戏、咖啡因影响跟踪器(例如，监视例如心率、心率变化、皮肤电响应、皮肤温度、血压、紧张、睡眠及/或在对咖啡、茶、能量饮料及/或其它含咖啡因的饮料的摄入或节制的短期或长期响应中的活动)、药物影响跟踪器(例如，类似于先前提及的咖啡因跟踪器但关于其它干预，其是否为医疗或生活方式药物，例如酒精、烟草等)、耐力运动训练(例如，推荐或指出强度、持续时间或跑步/骑车/游泳健身的概况，或建议健身的节制或延迟，根据用户指定的目标，例如马拉松、铁人三项或利用来自例如历史锻炼活动(例如，跑步距离、步幅)、心率、心率变化、健康/疾病/紧张/发烧状态的数据定制的目标)、体重及/或身体组成、血糖、食物摄入或卡路里平衡跟踪器(例如，向用户通知其可消耗多少卡路里以维持或实现某体重)、步数计，及咬指甲检测器。在一些情况下，应用程序可仅依赖于本发明的处理功率及传感器。在其它情况下，应用程序可融合或仅显示来自一外部装置或一组外部装置(包含但不限于心率绑带、GPS距离跟踪器、身体组成计(body composition scale)、血压监视器、血糖监视器、手表、智能手表、例如智能电话或平板计算机等移动通信装置，或服务器)的信息。Additional applications include, but are not limited to, programmable or customizable watch faces, stopwatches, music player controllers (e.g., MP3 players, remotes), text messaging and/or email displays or notifiers, navigational compasses, bicycle Computer monitors (when communicating with separate or integrated GPS units, wheel sensors, or power meters), weightlifting trackers, sit-up trackers, pull-up trackers, resistance training modalities/fitness trackers, golf swing analyzers, Tennis (or other racquet sports) swing/serving analyzer, tennis game swing detector, baseball swing analyzer, pitch analyzer (e.g., soccer, baseball), organized sports activity intensity tracker (e.g., football, baseball, basketball, tennis, rugby), disc toss analyzers, food bite detectors, typing analyzers, tilt sensors, sleep quality trackers, alarm clocks, stress gauges, tension/relaxation biofeedback games (e.g., potentially combined Mobile phones that provide auditory and/or visual cues to train the user to breathe during relaxation exercises), tooth brushing trackers, eating rate trackers (e.g., count or track the rate and duration of an implement entering the mouth for food intake), driving Motor vehicle intoxication or suitability indicators (e.g., via heart rate, heart rate variability, galvanic skin response, gait analysis, puzzle solving, etc.), allergy trackers (e.g., using galvanic skin response, heart rate, skin temperature, hay fever (possibly in conjunction with external seasonal allergen tracking from e.g. pollen tracking databases, or local environmental sensors in biometric monitoring devices or by users), fever trackers (e.g., to measure risk, onset or progression of fever, cold or other illnesses, possibly combined with seasonal data, disease databases, user location and/or user-provided feedback regarding the user’s assessment of the spread of a particular disease (e.g., flu), and may in response point out or suggest moderation in work or activity), video games, caffeine impact trackers (e.g., monitoring such as heart rate, heart rate variability, galvanic skin response, skin temperature, blood pressure, tension, sleep, and/or in short- or long-term responses to the intake or abstinence of coffee, tea, energy drinks, and/or other caffeinated beverages activity), drug impact trackers (e.g., similar to the previously mentioned caffeine tracker but with respect to other interventions, whether they are medical or lifestyle drugs such as alcohol, tobacco, etc.), endurance exercise training (e.g., recommending or pointing out Intensity, duration, or profile of running/biking/swimming fitness, or suggested moderation or delay of fitness, based on a user-specified goal, such as a marathon, triathlon, or using data from, for example, historical exercise activity (e.g., distance run, stride length ), heart rate, heart rate variability, health/illness/stress/fever status (customized goals), weight and/or body composition, blood sugar, food intake, or calorie balance tracker (e.g., notifying the user of how many calories they can consume to maintain or body weight), pedometer, and nail biting detector. In some cases, applications may rely solely on the processing power and sensors of the present invention. In other cases, the application may incorporate or only display information from an external device or group of external devices (including but not limited to heart rate straps, GPS distance trackers, body composition scales, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose monitoring) devices, watches, smart watches, mobile communication devices such as smartphones or tablets, or servers).
在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置可控制辅助装置上的音乐播放器。可控制的音乐播放器的方面包含但不限于音量、曲目及/或播放列表的选择、快进或后退(skippingforward or backward)、曲目的快速进带或倒带、曲目的速度，及音乐播放器均衡器。可经由用户输入或基于生理、环境或上下文数据自动地控制音乐播放器。举例来说，用户可能够通过经由生物计量监视装置上的用户接口选择曲目而选择及播放其智能电话上的曲目。在另一实例中，生物计量监视装置可基于用户的活动水平(从生物计量监视装置传感器数据计算所述活动水平)自动地选择适当曲目。此可用以帮助激发用户维持某一活动水平。举例来说，如果用户持续跑步且想要将其心率保持在某一范围中，那么生物计量监视装置可播放欢快的或较高速度的曲目(如果用户的心率低于其目标范围)。In one embodiment, the biometric monitoring device can control a music player on the secondary device. Aspects of the music player that may be controlled include, but are not limited to, volume, track and/or playlist selection, skipping forward or backward, fast forward or rewind of tracks, speed of tracks, and music player Equalizer. The music player can be controlled automatically via user input or based on physiological, environmental or contextual data. For example, a user may be able to select and play a track on their smartphone by selecting the track through a user interface on the biometric monitoring device. In another example, the biometric monitoring device may automatically select the appropriate track based on the user's activity level (calculated from the biometric monitoring device sensor data). This can be used to help motivate the user to maintain a certain activity level. For example, if the user has been running and wants to keep their heart rate in a certain range, the biometric monitoring device may play an upbeat or higher tempo track (if the user's heart rate is below their target range).
通过用户的活动触发的自动功能Automatic features triggered by user activity
睡眠阶段触发功能性Sleep stage triggers functionality
可经由本文所揭示的各种生物计量信号及方法监视睡眠阶段，例如心率、心率变化、体温、身体运动、环境光强度、环境噪声水平等。可使用光学传感器、运动传感器(加速度计、陀螺仪传感器，等)、麦克风及温度计以及(例如)本文中论述的其它传感器来测量此些生物计量。Sleep stages, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, body temperature, body movement, ambient light intensity, ambient noise level, etc., can be monitored via various biometric signals and methods disclosed herein. Such biometrics may be measured using optical sensors, motion sensors (accelerometers, gyroscope sensors, etc.), microphones, and thermometers, among other sensors discussed herein, for example.
生物计量监视装置还可具有通信模块，包含但不限于Wi-Fi(802.xx)、蓝牙(经典、低功率)或NFC。一旦估计出睡眠阶段，即可将睡眠阶段发射到以无线方式连接到具有通信功能的电气设备(通过Wi-Fi、蓝牙或NFC)的云系统、家用服务器或主控制单元。或者，生物计量监视装置可与具有通信功能的电气设备直接通信。此些具有通信功能的电气设备可包含例如厨房电气设备，例如微波炉、咖啡研磨机/制作机、烤箱等。The biometric monitoring device may also have a communication module including but not limited to Wi-Fi (802.xx), Bluetooth (Classic, Low Power) or NFC. Once the sleep stage is estimated, the sleep stage can be transmitted to a cloud system, a home server or a master control unit wirelessly connected to a communication-enabled electrical device (via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or NFC). Alternatively, the biometric monitoring device may communicate directly with the communication-enabled electrical device. Such electrical devices with communication functions may include, for example, kitchen electrical devices, such as microwave ovens, coffee grinders/makers, ovens, and the like.
一旦睡眠阶段指示接近于用户醒来的时间，生物计量监视装置就可发出触发项到用户已指示应自动操作的电气设备。举例来说，可致使咖啡研磨机及制作机开始制作咖啡，且可使烤箱开始加热面包。还可致使微波炉开始烹调燕麦片或鸡蛋，且电热水壶开始烧水。只要恰当地准备各部分，此自动信号可触发早餐烹调。Once the sleep stage indicates close to the time the user wakes up, the biometric monitoring device may issue a trigger to the electrical device that the user has indicated should operate automatically. For example, a coffee grinder and maker can be caused to start making coffee, and an oven can be caused to start heating bread. It can also cause the microwave to start cooking oatmeal or eggs and the electric kettle to start boiling water. This automatic signal can trigger breakfast cooking as long as the parts are properly prepared.
提醒检测reminder detection
可使提醒(例如低提醒)与人昏昏欲睡相关，还可从上文所列的生物计量检测所述提 醒，且所述提醒可用以触发例如咖啡制作机等电气设备开始自动地冲泡咖啡。Reminders, such as low reminders, can be correlated to drowsiness of the person, can also be detected from the biometrics listed above, and can be used to trigger an electrical device such as a coffee maker to start brewing automatically coffee.
水合作用hydration
便携式生物计量监视装置结合活动水平跟踪器可将用户的活动水平直接提交到云系统、家用服务器、主控制单元或电气设备。此可触发电气设备的一些动作，尤其与水合作用有关的动作，例如开始冰箱的冰块制作，或降低净水器的操作温度。Portable biometric monitoring devices combined with activity level trackers can submit the user's activity level directly to cloud systems, home servers, master control units or electrical equipment. This can trigger actions on electrical devices, especially those related to hydration, such as starting ice making in a refrigerator, or lowering the operating temperature of a water purifier.
功率节省power saving
许多电气设备通常以消耗功率的低功率功率闲置操作。使用用户的生物计量信号的聚合信息，可致使具有通信功能的电气设备进入超低功率模式。举例来说，在用户睡着或外出工作时，家中的饮水机可自身关闭到超低功率模式，且一旦预期用户在家中的活动，就可开始冷却/加热水。Many electrical devices typically operate at idle at low power levels that consume power. Using the aggregated information of the user's biometric signals, the communication-enabled electrical device can be caused to enter an ultra-low power mode. For example, a water cooler at home could shut itself off to an ultra-low power mode when the user is asleep or out at work, and could start cooling/heating the water as soon as the user's activity in the home is anticipated.
基于位置及活动的餐馆推荐系统Location-based and event-based restaurant recommendation system
实时生物计量信号及位置信息的聚合可用以产生关于一个或多个用户在给定时间的需要的有根据的推测(例如离子饮料)。组合此推测的需要与关于用户活动水平、活动类型、活动时间及活动持续时间以及用户记入日志的食物摄入数据的历史用户数据，智能电话及/或智能手表上的应用程序可推荐将满足用户的生活方式及当前需要的餐馆。Aggregation of real-time biometric signals and location information can be used to generate educated guesses about one or more users' needs at a given time (eg, ionic drinks). Combining this speculative need with historical user data regarding the user's activity level, activity type, activity time and duration, and user-logged food intake data, an app recommendable on the smartphone and/or smartwatch will satisfy The user's lifestyle and restaurants currently in demand.
举例来说，刚完成六英里巡回跑的用户可启动此应用程序。应用程序可知晓此人在过去一小时内维持高活动水平，且因而确定所述人可能脱水。从历史用户数据，应用程序还可知晓例如用户的膳食中有过多蔬菜但糖分低。通过考虑用户的当前位置、价格范围及上文所提及的其它因素的优化算法，应用程序可推荐例如提供冰沙(smoothie)的餐馆。For example, a user who has just completed a six-mile circuit run may start the application. The application may know that the person has maintained a high activity level for the past hour, and thus determine that the person may be dehydrated. From historical user data, the app may also know, for example, that the user's meal has too many vegetables and is low in sugar. Through an optimization algorithm that takes into account the user's current location, price range, and other factors mentioned above, the application can recommend, for example, restaurants that serve smoothies.
游泳跟踪swim tracking
在生物计量跟踪装置的一些实施例中，生物计量跟踪可包含游泳算法，其可利用来自一或多个运动传感器、海拔高度传感器(例如，大气压力传感器)、定向传感器(例如，磁力计)、位置服务传感器(例如，GPS、无线三角测量)及/或温度传感器的数据。所述传感器可嵌入安装到例如手腕的单个装置中。在其它实施例中，额外传感器装置可附接到游泳者的前额、头的后部、护目镜、背、髋、肩、大腿、腿及/或脚。In some embodiments of the biometric tracking device, the biometric tracking may include a swimming algorithm that may utilize data from one or more motion sensors, altitude sensors (e.g., barometric pressure sensors), orientation sensors (e.g., magnetometers), Data from location services sensors (eg, GPS, wireless triangulation) and/or temperature sensors. The sensors may be embedded mounted into a single device such as the wrist. In other embodiments, additional sensor devices may be attached to the swimmer's forehead, back of the head, goggles, back, hips, shoulders, thighs, legs and/or feet.
游泳锻炼分析的三个潜在功能分量如下：The three potential functional components for the swimming exercise analysis are as follows:
·划动计数检测——提供每单程的划动计数，其中单程定义为从池的一端到相反端的单向通过。• Swipe count detection - Provides stroke counts per pass, where a pass is defined as a one-way pass from one end of the pool to the opposite end.
·划动类型分类——描述用户的泳姿类型(例如，爬泳、蛙泳、仰泳、蝶泳、侧泳、踩水(kicking without stroke)、直划(body streamline)，等)，且可为以下各者中的任一者或 组合：Stroke Type Classification—describes the user's stroke type (e.g., crawl, breast, back, butterfly, side, kicking without stroke, body streamline, etc.), and can be Any one or combination of:
a.用户采用的每一划动的分类a. Classification of each swipe taken by the user
b.每个完整单程使用的主要划动类型的分类。b. Classification of major stroke types used per complete trip.
c.每个分数单程(例如二分之一单程的自由泳、二分之一单程的蛙泳)使用的划动类型的分类c. Classification of the type of stroke used for each fractional lap (e.g. 1/2 freestyle, 1/2 breaststroke)
·单程计数——对用户穿过的单程进行计数。确定单程的一个方法是通过检测用户何时在池中转身。• One-way counting—counts the one-way the user passes through. One way to determine one way is by detecting when a user turns around in the pool.
转身定义为前进方向的180度改变。在检测到转身时，可推断单程的开始及结束。在再次开始游泳之前在池中的一点处(通常在一端或其它处)暂停(在某一时间周期内无运动)也认为是转身，只要随后的前进方向与暂停之前的前进方向相反即可。A turn is defined as a 180-degree change in heading. When a turn is detected, the start and end of a one-way can be inferred. Pausing (without movement for some period of time) at a point in the pool (usually at one end or the other) before commencing swimming again is also considered a turn, as long as the subsequent direction of progress is opposite to the direction of progress prior to the pause.
在一些实施例中，可以众多方式组合这些功能分量。In some embodiments, these functional components can be combined in numerous ways.
算法结构Algorithm structure
可依次、并行或以混合次序(一些顺序框及一些并行框的组合)执行游泳锻炼分析的所述三个功能分量。The three functional components of swim workout analysis may be performed sequentially, in parallel, or in a mixed order (a combination of some sequential blocks and some parallel blocks).
顺序方法(见图15A)Sequential approach (see Figure 15A)
在一个实施例中，可首先通过划动检测器算法分析原始及/或经预处理的传感器信号。划动检测器算法可使用运动传感器(例如，加速度计、陀螺仪)中的时间峰值(局部最大值及/或局部最小值)作为已采取划动的指示。接着，还可应用一或多个试探性规则以移除并不表示划动的峰值。举例来说，峰值的量值、两个邻近峰值的时间距离、峰值到峰值振幅及/或峰值的形态特性(例如，清晰度)可指示某些峰值并不表示划动。当传感器提供一维以上的数据(例如3轴加速度计，或3轴运动传感器+高度计(总计4轴数据))时，可考虑所有轴上的峰值的时序及相关大小以确定所述轴中的一或多者上的峰值是否是由划动产生。In one embodiment, the raw and/or pre-processed sensor signals may first be analyzed by a swipe detector algorithm. A swipe detector algorithm may use temporal peaks (local maxima and/or local minima) in motion sensors (eg, accelerometers, gyroscopes) as an indication that a swipe has been taken. Then, one or more heuristic rules may also be applied to remove peaks that do not indicate swipes. For example, the magnitude of a peak, the temporal distance of two adjacent peaks, the peak-to-peak amplitude, and/or the morphological characteristics of the peaks (eg, sharpness) may indicate that certain peaks do not represent strokes. When a sensor provides data in more than one dimension (such as a 3-axis accelerometer, or a 3-axis motion sensor + altimeter (total 4-axis data)), the timing and relative magnitude of the peaks in all axes can be considered to determine the Whether the peak on one or more is caused by swiping.
如果观测到表示划动的单个峰值或来自表示划动的多个数据轴的一群峰值，那么可从在检测到先前峰值与检测到当前峰值之间的时间获得的数据区段提取特征。特征包含但不限于最大及最小值、区段中的波纹数目、在各种度量中测量的功率(例如，L1功率及L2功率、标准差、平均数)，等。所提取的特征可接着经受机器学习系统，其中离线计算系统系数(监督学习)或在用户使用生物计量监视装置时调适系统系数(无监督学习)。机器学习系统可接着针对每一检测到的划动返回划动分类。If a single peak representing a stroke or a cluster of peaks from multiple axes of data representing a stroke is observed, features can be extracted from the data segment obtained between the detection of the previous peak and the detection of the current peak. Features include, but are not limited to, maximum and minimum values, number of ripples in a segment, power measured in various metrics (eg, L1 power and L2 power, standard deviation, mean), etc. The extracted features may then be subjected to a machine learning system, where the system coefficients are calculated offline (supervised learning) or adapted as the user uses the biometric monitoring device (unsupervised learning). The machine learning system can then return a swipe classification for each detected swipe.
转身检测器算法可通过计算导数、移动平均及/或使用对传感器(所述传感器包含但不限于本发明中所列的那些传感器)的信号的高通滤波来搜索运动中的突然改变。还可及 /或替代地对信号执行主要分量分析(PCA)。如果一个主要分量不同于下一个，那么可确定转身发生。例如快速傅立叶变换(FFT)等变换的整个或部分系数也可用作特征。还可使用例如自我回归(AR)模型等参数模型。可接着使用线性预测分析(LPA)、最小均方滤波(LMS)、递归最小平方滤波(RLS)及/或卡尔曼滤波估计时变模型参数。接着比较估计的模型参数以确定其值中是否存在突然改变。The turn detector algorithm may search for sudden changes in motion by computing derivatives, moving averages, and/or using high pass filtering of signals from sensors including but not limited to those listed in this disclosure. Principal component analysis (PCA) may also and/or alternatively be performed on the signal. If one principal component is different from the next, then a turn can be determined to occur. All or part of the coefficients of a transform such as a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) can also be used as features. Parametric models such as autoregressive (AR) models can also be used. The time-varying model parameters may then be estimated using linear predictive analysis (LPA), least mean square filtering (LMS), recursive least square filtering (RLS), and/or Kalman filtering. The estimated model parameters are then compared to determine if there are sudden changes in their values.
在一个实施例中，游泳者的技巧水平及/或游泳样式(例如，速度)可从传感器数据加以推断，且接着用于转身检测。举例来说，高级游泳者通常具有更有力的划动(即，大的加速度计峰值量值)，且采用较少划动来完成一次单程。因此，估计游泳者的技巧水平或特性的度量可用于转身检测算法。这些度量在运动信号中可包含但不限于平均运动信号或集成运动信号，明确地说，高级游泳者的臂移动、估计前进速度及检测模式。还可经由用户输入来确定游泳者的技巧水平或其它特性。举例来说，用户可输入其为高级、中级或初学者游泳者。In one embodiment, a swimmer's skill level and/or swimming style (eg, speed) may be inferred from sensor data and then used for turn detection. For example, advanced swimmers typically have more vigorous strokes (ie, large peak accelerometer magnitudes) and take fewer strokes to complete a lap. Therefore, metrics that estimate a swimmer's skill level or characteristics can be used in a turn detection algorithm. These metrics may include, but are not limited to, average or integrated motion signals in the motion signal, in particular, advanced swimmer's arm movement, estimated forward velocity, and detected patterns. The swimmer's skill level or other characteristics may also be determined via user input. For example, a user may input that they are an advanced, intermediate or beginner swimmer.
来自这些分析的一个或许多(组合)特征可用以检测给定数据样本及/或相邻数据样本是否具有转身特性。为获得特征与决策边界的最佳组合，可以利用机器学习技术，例如逻辑回归、决策树、神经网，等。One or many (combined) features from these analyzes can be used to detect whether a given data sample and/or neighboring data samples have turning properties. To obtain the optimal combination of features and decision boundaries, machine learning techniques such as logistic regression, decision trees, neural networks, etc. can be utilized.
在一些实施例中，如果检测到转身，那么游泳数据从可概述先前转身起自然增加，例如划动的数目、用于每一划动及用于单程的划动类型、分段时间，等。如果未检测到转身，那么可更新划动计数器及类型。除非用户停止游泳，否则算法可回到划动计数检测。In some embodiments, if a turn is detected, swim data is incremented naturally from a previous turn that can be summarized, such as number of strokes, type of stroke for each stroke and for a single pass, split times, etc. If a turn is not detected, the swipe counter and type may be updated. Unless the user stops swimming, the algorithm may return to stroke count detection.
并行方法(见图15B)Parallel approach (see Figure 15B)
在并行方法中，可并行地执行三个功能组件中的一些或全部。举例来说，可联合地执行划动类型检测及转身检测，而独立地运行划动计数检测。In a parallel approach, some or all of the three functional components may be executed in parallel. For example, swipe type detection and turn detection may be performed jointly, while swipe count detection is run independently.
在此些实施例中，可在同时检测划动类型及转身的单个算法中实施两个功能组件：划动类型及转身检测。举例来说，泳姿类型(例如，检测自由泳、蛙泳、仰泳、蝶泳的移动分析)及转身类型(例如，滚翻转身(tumble turn)、前滚翻转身(flip turn)、两手触摸)的分类器可返回所检测到的划动类型或所检测到的转身类型。在检测期间，可提取时间以及频谱特征。移动窗口可首先应用于多个数据轴。可接着计算此窗口区段的统计量，即，最大及最小值、区段中的波纹的数目、在各种度量中测量的功率(例如，L1功率及L2功率、标准偏差、平均数)。可同样应用独立分量分析(ICA)及/或主要分量分析(PCA)以发现更好地表示转身类型及划动类型特性的任何隐藏信号。可接着从此(潜在地改善的)信号表示计算时间特征。对于时间特征，可应用各种非参数滤波方案、低通滤波、带通 滤波、高通滤波来增强所需信号特性。In such embodiments, two functional components may be implemented in a single algorithm that detects both swipe type and turn: swipe type and turn detection. For example, classifiers for stroke type (e.g., detection of movement analysis for freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly) and turn type (e.g., tumble turn, flip turn, two-handed touch) can be Returns the detected type of swipe or the detected type of turn. During detection, temporal as well as spectral features can be extracted. A moving window can first be applied to multiple data axes. Statistics for this window segment can then be calculated, ie maximum and minimum values, number of ripples in the segment, power measured in various metrics (eg L1 power and L2 power, standard deviation, mean). Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) may also be applied to discover any hidden signals that better characterize turn and swipe types. Temporal features can then be computed from this (potentially improved) signal representation. For temporal features, various non-parametric filtering schemes, low-pass filtering, band-pass filtering, high-pass filtering, can be applied to enhance the desired signal characteristics.
还可将例如FFT、小波变换、希尔伯特(Hilbert)变换等频谱分析应用于此经开窗区段。整个或部分变换系数可选择为特征。可使用例如AR、移动平均(MA)或ARMA(自我回归及移动平均)模型的参数模型，且可经由自相关及/或部分自相关或LPA、LMS、RLS或卡尔曼滤波器发现此类模型的参数。所估计系数的全部或部分可用作特征。Spectral analysis such as FFT, wavelet transform, Hilbert transform, etc. may also be applied to this windowed segment. Whole or partial transform coefficients can be selected as features. Parametric models such as AR, moving average (MA) or ARMA (autoregressive and moving average) models can be used and such models can be discovered via autocorrelation and/or partial autocorrelation or LPA, LMS, RLS or Kalman filters parameters. All or part of the estimated coefficients can be used as features.
不同长度的移动平均窗可并行运行，且提供上文所列的特征，且还可将所述特征的全部或部分用作特征。Moving average windows of different lengths can be run in parallel and provide the features listed above, and can also use all or some of them as features.
可接着将机器习得系数(监督学习)应用于这些所提取特征。可训练且接着使用一或多个机器学习技术，即二项式线性判别分析的多个层(例如，逻辑回归)、多项式逻辑回归、神经网、决策树/森林或支持向量机。Machine learned coefficients (supervised learning) can then be applied to these extracted features. Can be trained and then used one or more machine learning techniques, ie multiple layers of binomial linear discriminant analysis (eg, logistic regression), multinomial logistic regression, neural nets, decision trees/forests, or support vector machines.
随着所关注的窗移动，可提取特征，且这些新提取的特征将经由机器学习系统返回划动类型或检测到的转身。As the window of interest moves, features can be extracted, and these newly extracted features will return the type of swipe or the detected turn via the machine learning system.
划动检测器算法可独立于划动类型及转身检测而并行运行。可通过试探性规则检测及选择原始或经预滤波传感器信号的时间峰值。The swipe detector algorithm can run in parallel independent of swipe type and turn detection. Temporal peaks of raw or pre-filtered sensor signals can be detected and selected by heuristic rules.
在算法的概括阶段(在所述阶段中，可确定、显示及/或存储关于游泳的度量)，可将后处理应用于所述序列划动类型及转身检测。如果以某一置信度确认转身，那么可连同所检测到的划动计数概括来自先前转身的游泳度量数据。如果未确认转身，那么移动平均窗可继续进行。直到用户停止游泳，算法可继续更新关于用户的锻炼的游泳度量，包含但不限于转身的总数、单程的总数、划动的总数、每单程的平均划动数、最后一个单程中的划动数目、每单程划动数目的改变，等。In the generalization phase of the algorithm (in which phase swimming-related metrics can be determined, displayed and/or stored), post-processing can be applied to the sequence stroke type and turn detection. If the turn is confirmed with some confidence, the swim metric data from the previous turn may be summarized along with the detected stroke count. If the turnaround is not confirmed, then the moving average window can continue. Until the user stops swimming, the algorithm may continue to update swimming metrics about the user's workout, including but not limited to total number of turns, total number of laps, total number of strokes, average number of strokes per lap, number of strokes in the last lap , the change of the number of swipes per one-way, etc.
混合方法(见图15C及15D)Hybrid approach (see Figures 15C and 15D)
在混合方法中，可并行地运行划动类型及划动计数检测，随后是转身检测。In a hybrid approach, swipe type and swipe count detection may be run in parallel, followed by turn detection.
划动类型检测可经由机器学习的系数而返回划动类型。第一移动窗口可取的传感器信号的片段。随后可提取特征，或者是本文中所列举的移动窗口特征的整个特征或者是子集。随后可将机器学习系数、训练的离线应用于所述特征以确定哪一划动类型产生传感器信号的给定片段。Swipe type detection can return the swipe type via machine-learned coefficients. The first moving window takes a segment of the sensor signal. Features can then be extracted, either the entirety or a subset of the moving window features enumerated herein. Machine learning coefficients, trained offline, can then be applied to the features to determine which type of swipe produced a given segment of the sensor signal.
划动计数检测可连同划动类型检测一起同时地运行。Swipe count detection may run concurrently with swipe type detection.
一旦检测到划动类型及计数，可用所列举的整个特征或特征的子集来执行转身检测。Once the swipe type and count are detected, turn detection can be performed with the entire set of features or a subset of features enumerated.
如果检测到转身，那么可将一圈的完成记录在用户的游泳总结度量中。可将后过程应用于检测到的划动类型以确定所完成的圈的最突出的划动类型。随后算法可移动到划动类型及计数检测阶段，除非用户停止游泳。如果未检测到转身，那么所述算法可继续更新当前圈的划动类型及计数，直到检测到转身为止。If a turn is detected, the completion of the lap may be recorded in the user's swim summary metric. A post process can be applied to the detected stroke types to determine the most prominent stroke type for the lap completed. The algorithm can then move to the stroke type and count detection phase unless the user stops swimming. If a turn is not detected, the algorithm may continue to update the stroke type and count for the current lap until a turn is detected.
血糖水平及心率blood sugar levels and heart rate
连续地测量生物计量信号的生物计量监视装置可提供关于疾病的病前状况、进展以及恢复的有意义信息。此些生物计量监视装置可具有传感器且相应地运行算法以测量并计算生物计量信号，例如心率、心率可变性、所进行的步数、所燃烧的卡路里、所行进的距离、体重及身体脂肪、活动强度、活动持续时间及频率等。除了所测量的生物计量信号之外，可使用由用户提供的食物摄入记录。Biometric monitoring devices that continuously measure biometric signals can provide meaningful information about the premorbidity, progression, and recovery of a disease. Such biometric monitoring devices may have sensors and run algorithms accordingly to measure and calculate biometric signals such as heart rate, heart rate variability, steps taken, calories burned, distance traveled, weight and body fat, Activity intensity, activity duration and frequency, etc. In addition to the measured biometric signals, food intake records provided by the user may be used.
在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置可观测心率及其随着时间的改变，尤其在食物摄入事件之前及之后。已知心率受血糖水平影响，而众所周知的是，高血糖水平是糖尿病前期状况。因此，可经由统计回归来找出描述所逝去的时间(在食物摄入之后)与血糖水平之间的关系的数学模型，其中从正常情况、糖尿病前期及糖尿病个体收集数据以提供相应的数学模型。通过所述数学模型，可以预测具有特定心率模式的个体是否健康、糖尿病前期或患有糖尿病。In one embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may observe heart rate and its changes over time, especially before and after food intake events. Heart rate is known to be affected by blood sugar levels, and high blood sugar levels are known to be a pre-diabetic condition. Thus, a mathematical model describing the relationship between elapsed time (after food intake) and blood glucose levels can be found via statistical regression, where data are collected from normal, prediabetic, and diabetic individuals to provide a corresponding mathematical model . Through the mathematical model, it is possible to predict whether an individual with a particular heart rate pattern is healthy, pre-diabetic or diabetic.
知晓了与糖尿病前期或糖尿病状况相关联的许多心力衰竭，有可能进一步基于用户的生物计量数据向生物计量监视装置的用户告知此些风险的可能的心力衰竭，例如冠心病、脑血管疾病及周围血管疾病等。Knowing the many heart failures associated with pre-diabetic or diabetic conditions, it is possible to further inform users of biometric monitoring devices of possible heart failure of such risks, such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral heart disease, based on the user's biometric data. Vascular disease etc.
还可以在形成数学模型时使用所推荐的锻炼方针(例如，由美国心脏协会提供的方针(http://www.heart.org/))考虑用户的活动强度、类型、持续时间及频率，以作为控制疾病的发作的“概率”的自变量。关于营养及体重管理的许多方针也可用于学术且用于一般公众以预防心血管疾病及糖尿病。可将此些方针与随着时间积累的用户数据一起并入到数学模型中，所述用户数据例如为用户消耗的食物的成分以及体重及身体肥胖趋势。Recommended exercise guidelines (such as those provided by the American Heart Association (http://www.heart.org/ )) can also be used in formulating the mathematical model to take into account the user's activity intensity, type, duration, and frequency to as an independent variable controlling the "probability" of onset of the disease. Many guidelines on nutrition and weight management are also available in academics and for the general public to prevent cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Such guidelines can be incorporated into the mathematical model along with user data accumulated over time, such as the composition of food consumed by the user and body weight and body obesity trends.
如果用户已在存储并显示生物计量数据的社交网站将其家庭成员设定为其朋友，那么还可分析家庭成员取得疾病的可能性且向用户告知结果。If the user has set his family member as his friend on a social networking site that stores and displays biometric data, then the likelihood of the family member acquiring a disease can also be analyzed and the user informed of the result.
除了向用户告知疾病的潜在发展之外，可将包含锻炼制度以及具有较健康的成分及传播方法的菜谱的所推荐的生活方式提供给用户。In addition to informing the user of the potential development of disease, a recommended lifestyle that includes an exercise regime and recipes with healthier ingredients and delivery methods can be provided to the user.
杂货店购物、烹饪及食物记录的统一Unification of grocery shopping, cooking and food records
杂货店组织及菜谱辨识系统Grocery Store Organization and Recipe Recognition System
来自杂货店购物的收据可含有丰富的信息，尤其关于个体的饮食习惯。举例来说，在此处呈现将来自杂货店收据的信息与如由生物计量监视装置收集的个体的生物计量数据进行组合的新颖系统。所述系统可收集且分析关于个体的数据(信息)，且可随后推 荐可改变个体的生活方式以便改善他们的健康状态的选项。此系统的实施可涉及云计算、用于感测及接口的硬件平台开发以及移动/网站开发。Receipts from grocery shopping can be rich in information, especially regarding an individual's eating habits. For example, presented here is a novel system that combines information from a grocery store receipt with an individual's biometric data as collected by a biometric monitoring device. The system can collect and analyze data (information) about the individual, and can then recommend options that can change the individual's lifestyle in order to improve their state of health. Implementation of this system may involve cloud computing, hardware platform development for sensing and interfacing, and mobile/website development.
在一个实施例中，当用户在杂货店结帐时，可将杂货店列表(如从收据或者(例如)从电子邮件收据或发票获得)自动地发射到远程数据库(例如，云服务器)，所述远程数据库也可存储用户的生物计量数据。当用户到家且在他们的冰箱及/或食品室中组织项目时，他们的智能电话/手表上的应用可基于关于食品项目的历史数据而推荐丢弃食品室或冰箱里的哪些项目(例如，如果食品项目过期或可能变质)。指示食品已过期或者应在短期内消耗掉以避免腐败的提醒可独立于此类互动被自动地发送到用户。举例来说，每当已满足某一阈值时(例如，在牛奶将过期的两天内)，便可将这些提醒发出到用户。还可通过除了通过智能电话/手表之外的机制将提醒发送到用户。举例来说，可通过网络接口、通过电子邮件、通过膝上型计算机上、平板计算机、桌上型计算机，或与维持且/或分析食品数据库的计算机直接或间接通信的任何其它电子装置上的提醒将所述提醒呈现给用户。In one embodiment, when a user checks out at a grocery store, a list of grocery stores (as obtained from a receipt or, for example, from an email receipt or invoice) may be automatically transmitted to a remote database (e.g., a cloud server), so The remote database may also store the user's biometric data. When a user arrives home and organizes items in their refrigerator and/or pantry, an app on their smartphone/watch can recommend which items in the pantry or refrigerator to discard based on historical data about the food items (e.g., if Food items are expired or may go bad). Reminders indicating that the food product has expired or should be consumed shortly to avoid spoilage can be automatically sent to the user independent of such interaction. For example, these reminders could be sent to the user whenever a certain threshold has been met (eg, within two days of milk being expired). Reminders may also be sent to the user through mechanisms other than through a smartphone/watch. For example, via a web interface, via e-mail, via a link on a laptop computer, tablet computer, desktop computer, or any other electronic device that communicates directly or indirectly with a computer that maintains and/or analyzes a food database. The reminder presents the reminder to the user.
通过使用食品项目的经更新列表且基于用户的历史食品消耗数据，所述应用可将菜谱推荐给用户。在一个实施例中，可向使用应该先吃的项目(例如，在其过期、变质或变得比其它成分不新鲜之前)的菜谱给予优先级。为了推荐营养上平衡、正确分配且根据用户的活动而裁定的最佳菜谱，所述应用还可也分析用户的活动数据。举例来说，如果用户在早晨举重，那么可推荐高蛋白质膳食。在另一实例中，如果用户不是非常活动，那么可减小菜谱的大小以降低最终膳食含有的卡路里的数目。Using the updated list of food items and based on the user's historical food consumption data, the application can recommend recipes to the user. In one embodiment, priority may be given to recipes that use items that should be eaten first (eg, before they expire, spoil, or become stale compared to other ingredients). The application may also analyze the user's activity data in order to recommend the best recipes that are nutritionally balanced, properly portioned, and tailored to the user's activity. For example, if the user lifts weights in the morning, a high protein meal may be recommended. In another example, if the user is not very active, the size of the recipe may be reduced to reduce the number of calories the final meal contains.
应注意，可将这些策略应用于共享相同的食品及/或膳食的多个用户。举例来说，可为一家人创建组合的食品数据库，使得如果家庭中的一个成员从杂货店取得鸡蛋且家庭中的另一成员取得牛奶，那么鸡蛋及牛奶两者将在食品数据库中表示。类似地，营养偏好(例如，素食者、对某些食品过敏等)、活动、基础代谢率以及总卡路里燃烧可用于形成对准备及/或购买什么食品/菜谱的推荐。It should be noted that these policies can be applied to multiple users sharing the same food and/or meal. For example, a combined food database may be created for a family such that if one member of the family gets eggs from the grocery store and another member of the family gets milk, both eggs and milk will be represented in the food database. Similarly, nutritional preferences (eg, vegetarian, allergies to certain foods, etc.), activity, basal metabolic rate, and total calorie burn can be used to form recommendations on what foods/recipes to prepare and/or buy.
包含(但不限于)心率及心率可变性的生物计量信号可提供对疾病的预先状况的指示。此信息可用于推荐用户购买、消耗及/或准备特定食品，以便降低其患其具有预先状况的疾病的风险。举例来说，如果用户具有心脏问题的预先状况，那么其可推荐他们购买更多的蔬菜、消耗较少的含脂肪食品，且以需要较少油的方法(例如，不深度油炸)制备食品。Biometric signals including, but not limited to, heart rate and heart rate variability can provide indications of preconditions for disease. This information can be used to recommend that the user purchase, consume and/or prepare specific foods in order to reduce their risk of developing a disease with which they have a pre-existing condition. For example, if a user has a pre-existing condition of heart problems, it may recommend that they buy more vegetables, consume less fatty foods, and prepare food in a way that requires less oil (e.g., not deep frying) .
控制“智能家电”Controlling "Smart Appliances"
在另一实施例中，各种家电可全部具备Wi-Fi功能，且可与服务器通信。由于应用(其 可经由(例如)云或因特网而连接到所述家电)可能知晓冰箱含有哪些食品项目，所以所述应用可与冰箱通信以依据食品项目来降低或升高冰箱的温度。举例来说，如果许多食品项目对寒冷更敏感，例如蔬菜，那么可指令冰箱升高温度。所述应用还可也经由蓝牙、BTLE或NFC与冰箱直接通信。In another embodiment, various home appliances may all have Wi-Fi functions, and may communicate with the server. Since the application (which may be connected to the appliance via, for example, the cloud or the Internet) may know which food items the refrigerator contains, the application may communicate with the refrigerator to lower or raise the temperature of the refrigerator depending on the food items. For example, if many food items are more sensitive to cold, such as vegetables, then the refrigerator may be instructed to increase the temperature. The application can also communicate directly with the refrigerator via Bluetooth, BTLE or NFC as well.
食品记录food records
所述应用还可基于杂货店购物列表(其可(例如)为在所述应用内维持的列表)以及所述应用推荐的食品菜谱而提供记录为用户的食品的项目。在预先烹饪的膳食(例如，冷冻餐)或在吃之前不需要任何进一步处理的农产品的情况下，用户可简单地输入他们的饭菜大小(或在用户在吃整个膳食的情况下，用户可能不需要输入饭菜大小)且随后将完成食品记录。由于杂货店列表或菜谱提供了某些食品的确切品牌及标记，所以可将更准确的营养信息记录到用户的账户中。The application may also provide items recorded as food for the user based on a grocery shopping list (which may, for example, be a list maintained within the application) and food recipes recommended by the application. In the case of pre-cooked meals (e.g., frozen meals) or produce that does not require any further processing before eating, the user can simply enter the size of their meal (or in the case of the user eating the entire meal, the user may not Meal size needs to be entered) and the food record will then be completed. Since grocery store listings or recipes provide the exact brands and labels of certain foods, more accurate nutritional information can be logged into the user's account.
当用户记录正通过遵照应用所建议的菜谱而烹饪的食品项目时，所述应用可从成分及烹饪程序计算营养信息。此可提供比终端产品/膳食的简单组织更准确的对卡路里摄入的估计，因为许多菜谱存在以制备特定类型的食品，例如，可用啤酒、火鸡、猪肉等来制成意大利面的肉丸，且所述肉丸可包含不同程度的碳水化合物。When a user logs a food item that is being cooked by following a recipe suggested by the application, the application can calculate nutritional information from the ingredients and cooking procedure. This can provide a more accurate estimate of calorie intake than simple organization of the end product/meal, as many recipes exist to prepare specific types of food, e.g. pasta meatballs can be made from beer, turkey, pork, etc. , and the meatballs may contain varying degrees of carbohydrates.
使用传感器装置的运动计量获取Motion metering using sensor devices
在一些实施例中，可将传感器安装在例如网球拍等球拍上，从而有助于测量玩家的不同划动。此可适用于大多数(如果不是全部)球拍运动，包含(但不限于)网球、短网拍墙球、壁球、乒乓球、羽毛球、长曲棍球等，以及如棒球、垒球、板球等用球棒玩的运动。还可使用类似的技术来测量高尔夫的不同方面。此类装置可安装在球拍的底部上、手柄上或者通常安装在细绳上的冲击吸收器上。此装置可具有各种传感器，比如加速度计、陀螺仪、磁力计、应变传感器及/或麦克风。来自这些传感器的数据可在本地存储或无线地发射到智能电话上的主机系统或其它无线接收器。In some embodiments, sensors may be mounted on a racket, such as a tennis racket, to help measure the different strokes of a player. This applies to most, if not all, racquet sports, including (but not limited to) tennis, racquetball, squash, table tennis, badminton, lacrosse, etc., and balls such as baseball, softball, cricket, etc. stick play sport. Different aspects of golf can also be measured using similar techniques. Such devices may be mounted on the bottom of the racquet, on the handle, or on a shock absorber, usually on the string. This device may have various sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, strain sensors and/or microphones. Data from these sensors can be stored locally or transmitted wirelessly to a host system on a smartphone or other wireless receiver.
在生物计量监视装置的一些实施例中，包含加速度计、陀螺仪、磁力计、麦克风等的手腕安装式生物计量监视装置可执行对用户的游戏或运动的类似分析。此生物计量监视装置可采取佩戴在用户的手腕上的手表或其它带子的形式。可使用测量或检测球棒或球拍与球之间的撞击时刻且将此数据无线地发射到手腕安装式生物计量监视装置的球拍或球棒安装式传感器可用于通过准确地测量与球的撞击时间来提高此些算法的准确度。In some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device, a wrist-mounted biometric monitoring device including accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, microphones, etc. may perform similar analysis of the user's game play or movement. This biometric monitoring device may take the form of a watch or other strap worn on the user's wrist. A racket or bat mounted sensor that measures or detects the moment of impact between the bat or racket and the ball and wirelessly transmits this data to a wrist mounted biometric monitoring device can be used to accurately measure the time of impact with the ball to improve the accuracy of these algorithms.
手腕及球拍/球棒安装式装置可有助于测量用户的游戏的不同方面，包含(但不限于)划动类型(正击、反击、发球、斜击)、正击的数目、反击的数目、球旋转方向、上旋、 发球百分比、球拍头的角速度、反冲、击打能量、击打一致性等。可使用麦克风或应变传感器作为加速度计的补充来识别球撞击球拍/球棒的时刻。在板球及棒球中，此类装置可测量反冲、撞击时的球棒的角速度、越位对腿侧(棒球)上的击打数目。还可以测量摆动及丢球的数目以及防守对进攻划动的数目。此类装置还可以具有无线发射器以将此统计数据实时地发射到记分板或发射到由观众握住的个别装置。Wrist and racquet/bat mounted devices can help measure different aspects of a user's game including (but not limited to) stroke type (forehand, counterattack, serve, diagonal), number of forehands, number of counterattacks , ball rotation direction, topspin, serve percentage, angular velocity of racket head, recoil, hitting energy, hitting consistency, etc. A microphone or strain sensor can be used to supplement the accelerometer to identify the moment the ball hits the racket/bat. In cricket and baseball, such devices can measure recoil, the angular velocity of the bat at impact, the number of hits on the offside against the leg side (baseball). Also measures the number of swings and fumbles and the number of defensive versus offensive swipes. Such devices may also have wireless transmitters to transmit this statistics in real time to the scoreboard or to individual devices held by the spectators.
手腕或球拍安装式装置可具有少量的按钮(例如，两个)，其可由玩家使用以指示网球何时赢或何时发生非受迫性的失误。此将允许算法计算赢家以及作为正击对反击的非受迫性的失误的分数。所述算法还可跟踪网球中的直接得分的发球对双发失误的数目。如果两个玩家使用此类系统，那么所述系统还可自动地跟踪得分。A wrist or racket mounted device may have a small number of buttons (eg, two) that a player may use to indicate when a tennis ball is won or when an unforced error has occurred. This will allow the algorithm to calculate the score for the winner and for an unforced error as a forehand versus a counterattack. The algorithm can also track the number of directly scored serves versus double faults in tennis. If two players use such a system, the system can also automatically track the score.
基于自行车手柄杆的ECGECG based on bicycle handle bar
在生物计量监视装置的一些实施例中，可使用与左手接触的电极以及与右手接触的电极(例如，ECG心率测量)来监视用户的心率。因为骑自行车需要用户用手接触手柄杆的任一侧，所以此特定活动良好地适合于使用ECG技术来跟踪用户心率。通过将电极嵌入在手柄杆或手柄杆握把或线带中，每当用户握住手柄杆时便可测量用户的心率。对于具有握把的自行车(与使用手柄杆线带相反)，可将电极并入到可用于取代现有握把(例如，通常为不导电的工厂安装的握把)的特殊握把中。左握把及右握把可电连接到(例如)使用电线来测量ECG信号的电子器件。在手柄杆自身导电的情况下，手柄杆可用于将握把中的一者电连接到测量ECG信号的电子器件。测量ECG信号的电子器件可并入到握把中的一者或两者中。或者，测量ECG信号的电子器件可位于单独的外壳中。在一个实施例中，此单独的外壳可安装在自行车手柄杆或柄上。其可具有典型的自行车计算机具有的功能及传感器(例如，速度传感器、步调传感器、GPS传感器)。其还可具有非典型的传感器，例如风速传感器、GSR传感器以及加速度计传感器(潜在地也并入到手柄杆中)。此实施例可使用本发明中所描述的技术来计算活动度量，包含(但不限于)卡路里燃烧，且将这些度量发射到二级及三级装置(例如，智能电话及服务器)。In some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device, the user's heart rate may be monitored using electrodes in contact with the left hand as well as electrodes in contact with the right hand (eg, ECG heart rate measurement). Because bicycling requires the user to touch either side of the handle bars with their hands, this particular activity lends itself well to using ECG technology to track the user's heart rate. By embedding electrodes in the handlebar or the handlebar grip or the cord, the user's heart rate is measured whenever the user holds the handlebar. For bicycles with grips (as opposed to using handlebar straps), the electrodes can be incorporated into special grips that can be used to replace existing grips (eg, factory installed grips, which are typically non-conductive). The left and right grips can be electrically connected to electronics that measure ECG signals, for example using wires. Where the handle bar itself is conductive, the handle bar may be used to electrically connect one of the grips to the electronics that measure the ECG signal. Electronics to measure the ECG signal may be incorporated into one or both of the grips. Alternatively, the electronics to measure the ECG signal may be located in a separate housing. In one embodiment, this separate housing can be mounted on a bicycle handle bar or stem. It may have the functions and sensors that a typical cycle computer has (eg speed sensor, cadence sensor, GPS sensor). It may also have atypical sensors such as wind speed sensors, GSR sensors and accelerometer sensors (potentially also incorporated into the handle bar). This embodiment can use the techniques described in this disclosure to calculate activity metrics, including but not limited to, calories burned, and transmit these metrics to secondary and tertiary devices (eg, smartphones and servers).
ECG的电极可并入到自行车的部分或附件中，而不是并入到握把线带及手柄杆握把中，例如并入到手套、制动盖、制动杠杆，或手柄杆自身中。可使用这些电极或额外的电极来测量GSR、身体脂肪及水合作用以作为心率的补充或替代。在一个实例中，可使用缝在手柄杆上所安装的握把线带中的导电细丝(用作ECG电极)来测量用户的心率。握把线带电极可连接到中央自行车计算机单元，所述中央自行车计算机单元含有电子器件来测量GSR、水合作用及/或心率。生物计量监视装置可在显示器上显示此信息。如果用户的水合作用或心率超过某一阈值，那么可提醒用户饮用更多、饮用更少、增加强度 或减小强度。在自行车计算机仅测量GSR、水合作用或心率中的一者或两者的情况下，可使用算法来估计无法直接测量的度量。举例来说，如果生物计量监视装置仅可测量心率以及锻炼持续时间，那么可使用心率及锻炼持续时间的组合来估计水合作用且在用户应该饮水时提醒用户。类似地，可使用心率及锻炼持续时间以在用户应该吃或喝除了水之外的东西(例如，运动饮料)时提醒用户。Electrodes for the ECG may be incorporated into parts or accessories of the bicycle other than the handlebar straps and handlebar grips, such as gloves, brake caps, brake levers, or the handlebar itself. These electrodes or additional electrodes can be used to measure GSR, body fat and hydration in addition to or instead of heart rate. In one example, the user's heart rate may be measured using conductive filaments (used as ECG electrodes) sewn into a grip strap mounted on the handle bar. The grip cord strap electrodes can be connected to a central cycle computer unit that contains electronics to measure GSR, hydration, and/or heart rate. The biometric monitoring device can display this information on a display. If the user's hydration or heart rate exceeds a certain threshold, the user may be reminded to drink more, drink less, increase intensity, or decrease intensity. In cases where the cycling computer measures only one or both of GSR, hydration, or heart rate, algorithms can be used to estimate metrics that cannot be measured directly. For example, if the biometric monitoring device could only measure heart rate and exercise duration, a combination of heart rate and exercise duration could be used to estimate hydration and alert the user when they should drink. Similarly, heart rate and exercise duration can be used to remind the user when they should eat or drink something other than water (eg, a sports drink).
间接度量估计Indirect measure estimation
自行车计算机通常测量多种度量，包含(但不限于)速度、步调、动力及风速。在便携式监视装置不测量这些度量或不与可能够供应这些度量的装置通信的情况下，可使用所述便携式生物计量监视装置具有的传感器来推断这些及其它度量。在一个实施例中，所述便携式生物计量监视装置可测量心率。其可使用此测量值来推断/估计用户正输出的动力量。例如用户的年龄、高度以及体重等其它度量可有助于告知动力测量值。例如GPS测量的速度、海拔增加/降低、自行车姿势(以便测量斜坡的倾斜或斜度)，以及加速度计信号等额外的传感器数据可用于进一步告知动力估计。在一个实施例中，可使用心率与动力输出之间的近似线性的关系来计算用户的动力输出。Cycling computers typically measure a variety of metrics including, but not limited to, speed, pace, power, and wind speed. Where the portable monitoring device does not measure these metrics or communicate with a device that may be able to supply these metrics, these and other metrics may be inferred using sensors that the portable biometric monitoring device has. In one embodiment, the portable biometric monitoring device measures heart rate. It can use this measurement to infer/estimate the amount of power the user is putting out. Other metrics such as the user's age, height, and weight may help inform motivation measurements. Additional sensor data such as GPS-measured speed, altitude gain/decrease, bike posture (to measure the incline or slope of a slope), and accelerometer signals can be used to further inform power estimates. In one embodiment, the user's power output may be calculated using an approximately linear relationship between heart rate and power output.
在一个实施例中，在用户从便携式生物计量监视装置以及可在校准期间用作基线但在稍后时间不使用的二级装置取得数据的情况下，可发生校准阶段(例如，功率计)。此可允许确定由便携式监视装置测量的传感器数据与由二级装置测量的传感器数据之间的关系。随后当不存在二级装置来计算由二级装置但未由生物计量监视装置明确提供的数据的估计值时，可使用此关系。In one embodiment, the calibration phase may occur where the user takes data from a portable biometric monitoring device as well as a secondary device that may be used as a baseline during calibration but not used at a later time (eg, a power meter). This may allow a relationship between sensor data measured by the portable monitoring device and sensor data measured by the secondary device to be determined. This relationship may then be used when there is no secondary device to calculate estimates for data provided explicitly by the secondary device but not by the biometric monitoring device.
基于活动的自动调度Activity-Based Automatic Scheduling
在一个实施例中，可基于用户的日历(或电子邮件或文本消息)中的信息来为用户调度每天的行进要求(上班，下班、在会议之间)，目标是满足日常活动目标或长期活动目标。可使用用户的历史数据来帮助计划满足目标以及还有所需的通行时间两者。此特征可与朋友或同事组合。所述调度可如此完成，使得用户可在其步行上班的路上会见朋友，或者在那条路上会见同事进行会议(但用户可能需要设定集合点)。如果在用户的生物计量监视装置与用户的朋友之间存在实时通信，如果来自朋友的生物计量监视装置的数据指示他们的朋友跑得较晚，那么可引导用户步行更长的路线。In one embodiment, daily travel requirements (to work, from get off work, between meetings) may be scheduled for the user based on information in the user's calendar (or email or text message), with the goal of meeting daily activity goals or long-term activities Target. The user's historical data can be used to help plan both meeting goals and also required transit times. This feature can be combined with friends or colleagues. The scheduling can be done so that the user can meet a friend on his walk to work, or a colleague on that road for a meeting (but the user may need to set a meeting point). If there is real-time communication between the user's biometric monitoring device and the user's friend, the user may be directed to walk a longer route if data from the friend's biometric monitoring device indicates that their friend is running late.
在另一实施例中，可(全部或部分)基于用户与用户的接近度来向用户建议步行/跑步/健康路线。用于此些推荐的数据还可或额外地基于来自其他用户的GPS信息。如果存在实时通信，那么可将用户引导到偏好的繁忙路线或安静路线。知晓了关于其他用户的心率及基本健康信息可允许系统建议一条路线来匹配用户的健康水平及所要的锻炼/努 力水平。此信息可再次用于向用户规划/导引更长期的活动/健康目标。In another embodiment, walking/running/fitness routes may be suggested to the user based (in whole or in part) on the user's proximity to the user. Data for such recommendations may also or additionally be based on GPS information from other users. If there is real-time communication, the user may be directed to a preferred busy or quiet route. Knowing heart rate and general fitness information about other users may allow the system to suggest a route to match the user's fitness level and desired level of exercise/effort. This information can again be used to plan/direct longer term activity/health goals to the user.
位置/背景感测及应用Location/Context Sensing and Applications
通过一或多个方法，本文中所揭示的生物计量监视装置的实施例具有可确定或估计生物计量监视装置的位置或背景(例如，在公交车中，在家中、在汽车中)的传感器。可使用专用位置传感器，例如GPS、GLONASS或其它GNSS(全球导航卫星系统)传感器。或者，可可使用较低精度的传感器来推断、估计或猜测位置。在其中难以知晓用户的位置的一些实施例中，用户输入可辅助确定用户的位置及/或背景。举例来说，如果传感器数据使得难以确定用户是在汽车中还是公交车中，那么生物计量监视装置或与生物计量监视装置通信的便携式电子装置或与生物计量监视装置通信的云服务器可向用户呈现询问，从而问用户他们今天是乘公交车还是乘汽车。可针对除了车辆背景之外的位置进行类似询问。举例来说，如果传感器数据指示用户完成了剧烈运动，但不存在指示用户去往健身馆的位置数据，那么可问用户他们今天是否去了健身馆。Embodiments of the biometric monitoring device disclosed herein have sensors that can determine or estimate the location or context of the biometric monitoring device (eg, in a bus, at home, in a car) by one or more methods. Dedicated position sensors may be used, such as GPS, GLONASS or other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) sensors. Alternatively, less accurate sensors may be used to extrapolate, estimate, or guess the location. In some embodiments where knowledge of the user's location is difficult, user input may assist in determining the user's location and/or context. For example, if the sensor data makes it difficult to determine whether the user is in a car or a bus, the biometric monitoring device or a portable electronic device in communication with the biometric monitoring device or a cloud server in communication with the biometric monitoring device can present the user with Ask, which asks the user if they took the bus or car today. Similar queries can be made for locations other than the context of the vehicle. For example, if sensor data indicates that the user has done vigorous exercise, but there is no location data indicating that the user went to the gym, the user may be asked if they went to the gym today.
车辆运输检测Vehicle Transportation Inspection
在一些实施例中，可使用生物计量监视装置的传感器和/或与生物计量监视装置通信的便携式电子装置和/或与生物计量监视装置通信的云服务器来确定用户正在或曾在什么类型的车辆(如果有)中。应注意，在以下实施例中，在一或多个生物计量监视装置通信和/或便携式电子装置中的传感器可用于感测相干信号。还应注意，可在以下描述中使用例如WiFi或蓝牙等特定网络协议，还可使用例如RFID、NFC或蜂窝式电话等一或多个替代性协议。In some embodiments, a sensor of a biometric monitoring device and/or a portable electronic device in communication with the biometric monitoring device and/or a cloud server in communication with the biometric monitoring device may be used to determine what type of vehicle the user is or has been in (if any). It should be noted that in the following embodiments, sensors in one or more biometric monitoring device communications and/or portable electronic devices may be used to sense coherent signals. It should also be noted that while certain network protocols such as WiFi or Bluetooth may be used in the following description, one or more alternative protocols such as RFID, NFC or cellular telephony may also be used.
在一个实施例中，可使用对与车辆相关联的蓝牙装置的检测来推断用户在车辆中。举例来说，用户可具有拥有蓝牙多媒体系统的汽车。当用户与他们的汽车靠得足够近并持续足够长的时间周期时，传感器装置可辨识多媒体系统的蓝牙识别且假设用户在汽车中。可使用来自其它传感器的数据来确证用户在车辆中的假设。可使用来自其它传感器的数据或信号来确认用户在汽车中的实例包含高于30mph的GPS速度测量值以及作为在汽车中的特性的加速度计信号。蓝牙ID固有的信息可用于确定其为车辆的Wi-Fi路由器或车辆类型。举例来说，汽车中的路由器的蓝牙ID可为“奥迪车内多媒体”。关键字“奥迪”或“车”可用于猜测路由器与车辆类型“汽车”相关联。或者，可使用蓝牙ID及其相关联的车辆的数据库。In one embodiment, the detection of a Bluetooth device associated with the vehicle may be used to infer that the user is in the vehicle. For example, a user may have a car with a Bluetooth multimedia system. When the user is close enough to their car for a long enough period of time, the sensor device can recognize the multimedia system's Bluetooth identification and assume the user is in the car. Data from other sensors may be used to corroborate the user's hypothesis of being in the vehicle. Examples where data or signals from other sensors may be used to confirm that the user is in the car include GPS speed measurements above 30 mph and accelerometer signals which are characteristic of being in the car. Information inherent in the Bluetooth ID can be used to determine whether it is the vehicle's Wi-Fi router or the type of vehicle. For example, the Bluetooth ID of a router in a car may be "Audi In-Car Multimedia". The keywords "audi" or "car" can be used to guess that the router is associated with the vehicle type "car". Alternatively, a database of Bluetooth IDs and their associated vehicles may be used.
在一个实施例中，可通过生物计量监视装置的用户或通过便携式通信装置数据来创建或更新蓝牙ID及其相关联的车辆的数据库。此可在用户输入的辅助下且/或在没有用户输入的辅助下完成。在一个实施例中，如果生物计量监视装置可确定其是否在车辆中、车辆类型或特定车辆而不使用蓝牙ID且其遇到与车辆一起移动的蓝牙ID，那么其可将蓝牙ID和关于车辆的信息发送到中央数据库以被按目录分类为与车辆对应的蓝牙ID。或者，如果用户在先前时间点输入关于他们在或曾在其中的车辆的信息且存在在用户指示他们曾在所述车辆中的时间期间或接近所述时间时遇到的蓝牙ID，那么可将蓝牙ID和车辆信息发送到中央数据库且彼此相关联。In one embodiment, a database of Bluetooth IDs and their associated vehicles may be created or updated by the user of the biometric monitoring device or by portable communication device data. This can be done with and/or without the aid of user input. In one embodiment, if the biometric monitoring device can determine whether it is in a vehicle, the type of vehicle, or a specific vehicle without using a Bluetooth ID and it encounters a Bluetooth ID that is moving with the vehicle, then it can compare the Bluetooth ID and The information is sent to the central database to be cataloged as the Bluetooth ID corresponding to the vehicle. Alternatively, if the user entered information about a vehicle they were or were in at a previous point in time and there was a Bluetooth ID encountered during or near the time the user indicated they had been in that vehicle, then the Bluetooth ID and vehicle information are sent to a central database and associated with each other.
在另一实施例中，可使用对与车辆相关联的Wi-Fi装置的检测来推断用户在那个车辆中或车辆类型。一些火车、公交车、飞机、汽车以及其它车辆在其中具有Wi-Fi路由器。可检测且使用路由器的SSID来推断或辅助推断用户在特定车辆中或车辆类型。In another embodiment, the detection of Wi-Fi devices associated with a vehicle may be used to infer which vehicle or type of vehicle the user is in. Some trains, buses, planes, cars, and other vehicles have Wi-Fi routers in them. The router's SSID can be detected and used to infer or assist in inferring that the user is in a particular vehicle or type of vehicle.
在一个实施例中，可用生物计量监视装置的用户或通过便携式通信装置数据来创建或更新SSID及其相关联的车辆的数据库。此可在用户输入的辅助下且/或在没有用户输入的辅助下完成。在一个实施例中，如果生物计量监视装置可确定其是否在车辆中、车辆类型或特定车辆而不使用SSID且其遇到与车辆一起移动的SSID，那么生物计量监视装置可将SSID和关于车辆的信息发送到中央数据库以被按目录分类为与车辆对应的SSID。或者，如果用户在先前时间点输入关于他们在或曾在其中的车辆的信息且存在在用户指示他们曾在所述车辆中的时间期间或接近所述时间时遇到的SSID，那么可将SSID和车辆信息发送到中央数据库且彼此相关联。In one embodiment, a database of SSIDs and their associated vehicles may be created or updated with the user of the biometric monitoring device or through portable communication device data. This can be done with and/or without the aid of user input. In one embodiment, if the biometric monitoring device can determine whether it is in a vehicle, the type of vehicle, or a specific vehicle without using an SSID and it encounters an SSID that is moving with the vehicle, the biometric monitoring device can compare the SSID and The information is sent to the central database to be cataloged into the SSID corresponding to the vehicle. Alternatively, if the user entered information about a vehicle they were or were in at a previous point in time and there was an SSID encountered during or near the time the user indicated they had been in the vehicle, then the SSID and vehicle information are sent to a central database and associated with each other.
在生物计量监视装置的另一实施例中，可使用位置传感器来确定用户的轨迹。随后可将此轨迹与用于不同通行模式的路线的数据库进行比较。通行模式可包含(但不限于)步行、跑步、骑自行车、开车、乘公交车、乘火车、乘有轨电车、乘地铁，和/或骑摩托车。如果用户的轨迹与特定通行模式的路线良好对应，那么可假设用户在穿越所述路线所花费的时间周期期间曾使用所述通行模式。应注意，完成路线或路线的区段的速度可改善对通行模式的猜测。举例来说，公交车和汽车两者都可能够采用相同路线，但公交车在公交站处的额外停靠可允许装置确定用户曾乘公交车而不是汽车。类似地，骑自行车与开车经过一条路线之间的区分可通过所述两者之间的速度的典型差异来辅助。此速度差异还可取决于日时。举例来说，一些路线在高峰期期间可由于汽车而更慢。In another embodiment of the biometric monitoring device, location sensors may be used to determine the user's trajectory. This trajectory can then be compared to a database of routes for different modes of travel. Modes of transportation may include, but are not limited to, walking, running, biking, driving, bus, train, streetcar, subway, and/or motorcycle. If the user's trajectory corresponds well to a route for a particular mode of travel, it may be assumed that the user used that mode of travel during the period of time it took to traverse that route. It should be noted that the speed at which a route or section of a route is completed may improve guesswork on traffic patterns. For example, both a bus and a car may be able to take the same route, but an additional stop by the bus at a bus stop may allow the device to determine that the user took the bus instead of the car. Similarly, the distinction between biking and driving a route may be aided by the typical difference in speed between the two. This speed difference can also depend on the time of day. For example, some routes may be slower due to cars during rush hour.
在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置可能够基于车辆的磁场的测量来检测用户在车辆中或在车辆附近。在一些实施例中，还可使用通常与车辆相关联的位置(例如，火车站、地铁站、公交车站、车库)的磁场签名来推断用户当前在、将在或已在车辆中。磁场签名可为非时变的或时变的。In another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may be capable of detecting that the user is in or near the vehicle based on measurements of the vehicle's magnetic field. In some embodiments, magnetic field signatures of locations commonly associated with vehicles (eg, train stations, subway stations, bus stops, garages) can also be used to infer that the user is currently, will be, or has been in the vehicle. The magnetic field signature can be time-invariant or time-varying.
如果确定用户曾实际上在一段时间周期内在车辆中，那么可修改关于用户的其它度量以反映状态。在生物计量监视装置和/或便携式电子装置可测量例如所进行的步数、所行走或跑动的距离、所攀登的海拔和/或所燃烧的卡路里等活动度量的情况下，可基于关于车辆行进的信息来修改这些度量。如果在用户在车辆中期间任何所进行的步数或所攀登的海拔被不正确地记录，那么可从关于用户的度量的记录将其移除。还可从关于用户的度量的记录移除从不正确地记录的所进行的步数或所攀登的海拔导出的度量，例如所行进的距离和所燃烧的卡路里。在可实时地或准实时地确定用户是否在车辆中的情况下，可关闭检测不应在车辆中时测量的度量(例如，所进行的步数或所攀登的楼梯)的传感器，或者可关闭用于测量这些度量的算法，从而防止不正确地记录的度量(以及节省电力)。应注意，可记录关于车辆使用的度量(例如，所乘的车辆的类型，乘的时间、采取哪条路线，以及旅程花费多长时间)且在稍后用于向用户呈现此数据且/或校正关于用户的其它活动和生理度量。If it is determined that the user was actually in the vehicle for a period of time, other metrics about the user may be modified to reflect the status. Where the biometric monitoring device and/or portable electronic device may measure activity metrics such as steps taken, distance walked or run, altitude climbed, and/or calories burned, it may be based on information about the vehicle Progressive information to modify these metrics. If any steps taken or altitude climbed were incorrectly recorded while the user was in the vehicle, they may be removed from the record about the user's measurements. Metrics derived from incorrectly recorded steps taken or altitude climbed, such as distance traveled and calories burned, may also be removed from the record of metrics about the user. Where it can be determined in real-time or near real-time whether the user is in the vehicle, sensors that detect metrics measured when they should not be in the vehicle (such as steps taken or stairs climbed) can be turned off, or can be turned off Algorithms for measuring these metrics, thus preventing incorrectly recorded metrics (and saving power). It should be noted that metrics about vehicle usage (e.g., type of vehicle taken, time taken, which route was taken, and how long the journey took) can be recorded and later used to present this data to the user and/or Other activity and physiological measures about the user are corrected.
使用蓝牙的位置感测Location Sensing Using Bluetooth
生物计量监视装置还可使用类似于上文所描述的方法的方法来确定用户何时接近静态位置。在一个实施例中，来自餐馆或商店处的计算机(例如，平板计算机)的蓝牙ID可用于确定用户的位置。在另一实施例中，可使用来自便携式通信装置(例如，智能电话)的半固定蓝牙ID来确定用户的位置。在半固定蓝牙ID源的情况下，可需要多个蓝牙ID来达到用户的位置的可接受的置信度水平。举例来说，可创建用户的同事的蓝牙ID的数据库。如果用户在典型的工作时间期间位于这些蓝牙ID中的若干者的范围内，那么可假设用户在工作。还可使用对其它蓝牙ID的检测来记录两个用户何时偶遇。举例来说，可通过分析计步器数据和蓝牙ID而确定用户与另一用户一起出去跑步。类似的此些概念在2014年3月5日申请的第61/948,468号美国临时专利申请案中进一步详细地论述，且先前关于此些概念以引用的方式并入。The biometric monitoring device may also use methods similar to those described above to determine when a user is approaching a static location. In one embodiment, a Bluetooth ID from a computer (eg, a tablet) at a restaurant or store can be used to determine the user's location. In another embodiment, a semi-permanent Bluetooth ID from a portable communication device (eg, a smartphone) may be used to determine the user's location. In the case of a semi-stationary Bluetooth ID source, multiple Bluetooth IDs may be required to achieve an acceptable level of confidence in the user's location. For example, a database of Bluetooth IDs of a user's co-workers may be created. If the user is within range of several of these Bluetooth IDs during typical business hours, the user may be assumed to be at work. Detection of other Bluetooth IDs can also be used to record when two users run into each other. For example, it may be determined that a user went out for a run with another user by analyzing pedometer data and Bluetooth ID. Similar such concepts are discussed in further detail in US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/948,468, filed March 5, 2014, and previously incorporated by reference with respect to such concepts.
基于位置的GPS的不确定度量Uncertainty Measures for Position-Based GPS
当将传感器信号与GPS信号融合以估计信息性生物计量(例如，步数、生活步伐、速度，或旅程的轨线)时，GPS信号的质量常常非常具信息性。然而，已知GPS信号质量是时变的，且影响信号质量的因素中的一者是周围环境。When fusing sensor signals with GPS signals to estimate informative biometrics (eg, steps, life steps, speed, or trajectory of a journey), the quality of the GPS signals is often very informative. However, GPS signal quality is known to be time-varying, and one of the factors affecting signal quality is the surrounding environment.
可使用位置信息来估计GPS信号质量。服务器可存储区域类型的地图，其中通过恶化GPS信号的物体的数目和种类来预先确定区域类型。所述类型可例如为：大型建筑物区域、小型建筑物区域、开放区域、靠水区域以及森林区域。当GPS传感器开启时，可以其前数个位置估计(其预期较粗略且不正确)来询问这些区域类型。通过位置的粗略GPS估计，可返回可能的区域类型，且可随后在计算GPS信号质量和可靠性时考虑这些区域类型。The location information can be used to estimate GPS signal quality. The server may store a map of area types, where the area type is predetermined by the number and type of objects degrading the GPS signal. The types may be, for example: large built-up areas, small built-up areas, open areas, waterside areas and forested areas. These area types can be queried for their first few position estimates (which are expected to be coarse and incorrect) when the GPS sensor is on. From a rough GPS estimate of position, possible area types can be returned, and these area types can then be taken into account when calculating GPS signal quality and reliability.
举例来说，如果用户在城市峡谷(被高建筑物环绕的区域)(例如，旧金山市区)中或附近，那么低确定性可能与任何GNSS位置测量相关联。此确定性可稍后由尝试至少部分基于GPS数据来确定用户的轨迹、速度和/或高程的算法使用。For example, if the user is in or near an urban canyon (area surrounded by tall buildings) (eg, downtown San Francisco), low certainty may be associated with any GNSS position measurements. This certainty can later be used by algorithms that attempt to determine the user's trajectory, speed, and/or elevation based at least in part on GPS data.
在一个实施例中，可使用来自一或多个GNSS传感器的数据自动地创建位置和GPS信号质量的数据库。通过将GNSS轨迹与街道地图进行比较且查看GNSS传感器何时展示用户沿着街道行进(例如，具有10mph或更高的速度)但其轨迹不位于道路上的特性，而自动地执行此比较。还可从展示其中存在高建筑物、峡谷或密集森林的地图来推断基于近似位置的GPS确定性的数据库。In one embodiment, a database of locations and GPS signal quality may be automatically created using data from one or more GNSS sensors. This comparison is performed automatically by comparing the GNSS trajectory to the street map and seeing when the GNSS sensor exhibits a characteristic that the user is traveling down the street (eg, with a speed of 10 mph or more) but his trajectory is not on the road. A database of GPS certainty based on approximate locations can also be inferred from maps showing the presence of tall buildings, canyons, or dense forests.
使用车辆GNSS和/或航位推测法的位置感测Position sensing using vehicle GNSS and/or dead reckoning
许多车辆具有集成式GNSS导航系统。不具有集成式GNSS导航系统的车辆的用户常常为他们的汽车购买GNSS导航系统，所述GNSS导航系统通常被非永久地安装在驾驶者的视野内。在一个实施例中，便携式生物计量监视装置可能够与车辆的GNSS系统通信。在其中便携式生物计量监视装置也用于跟踪位置的情况下，其可从车辆GNSS接收位置信息。其可使生物计量监视装置能够关闭其自身的GNSS传感器(在其具有所述传感器的情况下)，因此减少其电力消耗。Many vehicles have integrated GNSS navigation systems. Users of vehicles that do not have integrated GNSS navigation systems often purchase GNSS navigation systems for their cars, which are typically not permanently installed within the driver's field of view. In one embodiment, the portable biometric monitoring device may be capable of communicating with the vehicle's GNSS system. In cases where the portable biometric monitoring device is also used to track location, it may receive location information from the vehicle GNSS. It may enable a biometric monitoring device to switch off its own GNSS sensor (if it has one), thus reducing its power consumption.
除了GNSS位置检测之外，车辆可能够发射关于其方向盘定向和/或其相对于地球磁场的定向的数据，以作为如使用轮胎大小和轮胎旋转速度而测量的其速度的补充。此信息可用于在车辆不具有GNSS系统或车辆的GNSS系统无法取得可靠的位置测量的情况下执行航位推测法以确定轨迹和/或位置。航位推测的位置信息可补充来自生物计量监视装置的GNSS传感器数据。举例来说，生物计量监视装置可降低其对GNSS数据取样的频率，且在GNSS位置数据之间的间隙中填充通过航位推测法确定的位置。In addition to GNSS position detection, a vehicle may be able to transmit data about its steering wheel orientation and/or its orientation relative to the Earth's magnetic field, in addition to its speed as measured using tire size and tire rotational speed. This information can be used to perform dead reckoning to determine trajectory and/or position in situations where the vehicle does not have a GNSS system or the vehicle's GNSS system is unable to obtain reliable position measurements. Dead reckoning position information can complement GNSS sensor data from biometric monitoring devices. For example, a biometric monitoring device may reduce the frequency at which it samples GNSS data and fill in the gaps between GNSS position data with positions determined by dead reckoning.
与基于卫星的位置确定的步计数器数据融合Fusion with step counter data for satellite-based position determination
在生物计量监视装置的一些实施方案中，可将来自各种不同传感器的数据融合在一起以提供关于生物计量监视装置的佩戴者的活动的新洞察。举例来说，来自生物计量监视装置中的高度计的数据可与通过对来自生物计量监视装置的加速度计的加速度计数据执行峰值检测分析而获得的步计数数据进行组合，以确定生物计量监视装置的佩戴者何时(例如)爬楼梯或走上坡(与坐升降机或自动扶梯或走过平坦地面相对)In some embodiments of a biometric monitoring device, data from various sensors can be fused together to provide new insights into the activities of the wearer of the biometric monitoring device. For example, data from an altimeter in a biometric monitoring device may be combined with step count data obtained by performing peak detection analysis on accelerometer data from the biometric monitoring device's accelerometer to determine the When the wearer (for example) climbs stairs or walks uphill (as opposed to riding a lift or escalator or walking across flat ground)
在传感器数据融合的另一实例中，来自例如上文所论述的步计数器的数据可与从GPS数据导出的距离测量值进行组合以提供在给定窗口内行进的总距离的精细估计。举例来说，可使用卡尔曼滤波器将基于GPS的距离或速度数据与基于步计数器的距离或速度(使用所进行的步数乘以跨距)进行组合，以便获得精细距离估计，所述精细距离估计 可比单独基于GPS的距离或速度测量值或基于步计数器的距离或速度测量值更准确。在另一实施方案中，可使用作为如由(例如)加速度计测量的步速率的函数的平滑常数来对基于GPS的距离测量值进行滤波。此些实施方案进一步论述于2014年4月1日申请的第61/973,614号美国临时专利申请案中，所述申请案先前在本文中以引用的方式并入“对相关申请案的交叉参考”节中，且所述申请案再次在此关于对准使用来自基于卫星的定位系统和步计数传感器的数据的距离或速度估计精细化的内容而以引用的方式并入。In another example of sensor data fusion, data from step counters such as those discussed above can be combined with distance measurements derived from GPS data to provide a refined estimate of the total distance traveled within a given window. For example, a Kalman filter can be used to combine GPS-based distance or velocity data with step counter-based distance or velocity (using the number of steps taken multiplied by the span) in order to obtain a fine-grained distance estimate, which The distance estimate may be more accurate than GPS-based distance or speed measurements alone or step counter-based distance or speed measurements. In another implementation, the GPS-based distance measurements may be filtered using a smoothing constant as a function of step rate as measured by, for example, an accelerometer. Such embodiments are further discussed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/973,614, filed April 1, 2014, which was previously incorporated herein by reference in the "Cross-Reference to Related Applications" section, and said application is hereby incorporated by reference again with regard to aligning the refinement of distance or speed estimates using data from satellite-based positioning systems and step counting sensors.
生物计量和环境/锻炼性能相关度Biometrics and Environment/Exercise Performance Correlation
本文中所描述的便携式监视装置的一些实施例可检测多种数据，包含生物计量数据、环境数据和活动数据。可对所有此数据进行分析或呈现给用户以促进对两种或更多类型的数据之间的相关度的分析。在一个实施例中，用户的心率可与汽车速度、骑自行车速度、跑步速度、游泳速度或步行速度相关。举例来说，可向用户呈现在X轴上绘制骑自行车速度且在Y轴上绘制心率的图表。在另一实例中，用户的心率可与用户聆听的音乐相关。生物计量监视装置可通过到汽车收音机的无线连接(例如，蓝牙)来接收关于用户曾聆听什么音乐的数据。在另一实施例中，生物计量监视装置还可自身充当音乐播放器，且因此可记录何时播放哪一首歌曲。Some embodiments of the portable monitoring devices described herein can detect a variety of data, including biometric data, environmental data, and activity data. All of this data can be analyzed or presented to a user to facilitate analysis of correlations between two or more types of data. In one embodiment, the user's heart rate may be correlated to car speed, biking speed, running speed, swimming speed, or walking speed. For example, the user may be presented with a graph plotting cycling speed on the X-axis and heart rate on the Y-axis. In another example, the user's heart rate may be correlated to the music the user is listening to. The biometric monitoring device may receive data about what music the user has listened to through a wireless connection (eg, Bluetooth) to the car radio. In another embodiment, the biometric monitoring device can also act as a music player itself, and thus can record when which song is played.
举重辅助Weightlifting Assist
在没有私人教练或合作者的辅助的情况下，可能难以适当地完成举重例程。便携式生物计量监视装置可通过向用户传送他们应上举每一重物多长时间、他们应多快举起重物、他们应多快降低重物以及要执行每一举起的重复的次数，而可辅助用户完成举重例程。生物计量监视装置可使用一或多个EMG传感器或应变传感器来测量用户的肌肉收缩。还可通过测量一或多个身体部位的振动(例如，使用加速度计)、一或多个身体部分的汗(例如，使用GSR传感器)、旋转(例如，使用陀螺仪)，和/或一或多个身体部位上的温度传感器，来推断用户的肌肉收缩。或者，传感器可置于举重设备自身上以确定使用何时在举起，以及他们举起或降低的速度、他们举起持续的时间，以及他们已执行举起的重复次数。It can be difficult to properly complete a weightlifting routine without the assistance of a personal trainer or collaborator. The portable biometric monitoring device can communicate to the user how long they should lift each weight, how quickly they should lift the weight, how quickly they should lower the weight, and the number of repetitions to perform for each lift. Assists the user in completing a weightlifting routine. The biometric monitoring device may use one or more EMG sensors or strain sensors to measure the user's muscle contractions. It can also be measured by measuring vibration of one or more body parts (for example, using an accelerometer), sweat of one or more body parts (for example, using a GSR sensor), rotation (for example, using a gyroscope), and/or one or more Temperature sensors on multiple body parts to infer the user's muscle contractions. Alternatively, sensors can be placed on the weightlifting equipment itself to determine when the user is lifting, as well as how fast they are lifting or lowering, how long they are lifting, and the number of repetitions they have performed.
在一个实施例中，如果生物计量监视装置或举重设备检测到用户正接近他们的失败极限(当用户不再可支撑重物时)，那么举重设备可自动地举起重物或防止重物降低。在另一实施例中，与生物计量监视装置或举重设备通信的机械手可自动地举起重物或防止重物降低。此可允许用户将自身推向他们的极限而不需要合作者/目击者(用来在失败的情况下举起重物)且没有来自降下重物的受伤风险。In one embodiment, if the biometric monitoring device or the weightlifting device detects that the user is approaching their failure limit (when the user can no longer support the weight), the weightlifting device can automatically lift the weight or prevent the weight from lowering . In another embodiment, a robotic arm in communication with a biometric monitoring device or weight lifting equipment may automatically lift a weight or prevent a weight from lowering. This may allow the user to push themselves to their limit without the need for a partner/witness (to lift the weight in case of failure) and without the risk of injury from dropping the weight.
血糖水平监视辅助Blood Glucose Level Monitoring Aid
在一些实施例中，便携式生物计量监视装置可经配置以辅助需要监视其血糖水平的用户(例如，糖尿病患者)。在一个实施例中，便携式生物计量监视装置可间接地推断用户的血糖水平或与用户的血糖水平相关的度量。可使用除了通常用于监视血糖监视(使用连续的或离散的手指刺破类型的传感器)的传感器之外的传感器作为典型的血糖监视方法的补充或替代或作为其辅助。举例来说，生物计量监视装置可基于从生物计量监视装置上的传感器测量的数据而向用户提醒他们应检查其血糖水平。如果用户已在一定时间量内执行一定类型的活动，那么他们的血糖水平可能已降低，且因此，生物计量监视装置可显示提醒、产生听觉提醒，或振动，从而提醒用户他们的血糖可能较低且他们应使用典型的血糖测量装置(例如，手指刺破类型的血糖监视器)来检查血糖。生物计量监视装置可允许用户输入从血糖计测量的血糖水平。或者，可将血糖测量值自动地发射到生物计量监视装置和/或与生物计量监视装置直接或间接通信的第三装置(例如，智能电话或服务器)。此血糖测量值可用于告知由生物计量监视装置使用的算法以确定应何时将下一血糖水平提醒递送到用户。用户还可能够将他们吃了、正在吃或者计划吃什么食物输入到生物计量监视装置或与生物计量监视装置直接或间接通信的装置。此信息还可用于确定应何时提醒用户检查他们的血糖水平。还可单独地或组合地使用本文中所描述的其它度量和传感器数据(例如，心率数据)来确定应何时提醒用户检查他们的血糖。In some embodiments, a portable biometric monitoring device may be configured to assist users (eg, diabetics) who need to monitor their blood glucose levels. In one embodiment, the portable biometric monitoring device may indirectly infer the user's blood glucose level or a metric related to the user's blood glucose level. Sensors other than those typically used to monitor blood glucose monitoring (using continuous or discrete finger prick type sensors) may be used in addition to, instead of, or as an adjunct to typical blood glucose monitoring methods. For example, a biometric monitoring device may alert a user that they should check their blood sugar levels based on data measured from sensors on the biometric monitoring device. If a user has performed a certain type of activity for a certain amount of time, their blood sugar levels may have decreased, and therefore, the biometric monitoring device may display an alert, generate an audible alert, or vibrate to alert the user that their blood sugar may be low And they should use a typical blood glucose measuring device (eg, a finger prick type blood glucose monitor) to check blood glucose. A biometric monitoring device may allow a user to input blood glucose levels measured from a blood glucose meter. Alternatively, the blood glucose measurements may be automatically transmitted to the biometric monitoring device and/or a third device (eg, a smartphone or server) in direct or indirect communication with the biometric monitoring device. This blood glucose measurement can be used to inform an algorithm used by the biometric monitoring device to determine when the next blood glucose level reminder should be delivered to the user. A user may also be able to input what food they have eaten, are eating, or plan to eat into the biometric monitoring device or a device in direct or indirect communication with the biometric monitoring device. This information can also be used to determine when users should be reminded to check their blood sugar levels. Other metrics and sensor data described herein (eg, heart rate data) may also be used alone or in combination to determine when the user should be reminded to check their blood sugar.
除了在应检查血糖水平时进行提醒之外，生物计量监视装置还可显示当前血糖水平的估计。在另一实施例中，可由二级装置(例如，智能电话或服务器)使用来自生物计量监视装置的数据以估计用户的血糖水平和/或将此数据呈现给用户(例如，通过在智能电话上、网页上显示所述数据，且/或通过经由无线电传送所述数据)。In addition to alerting when blood sugar levels should be checked, the biometric monitoring device can also display an estimate of the current blood sugar level. In another embodiment, data from a biometric monitoring device may be used by a secondary device (e.g., a smartphone or server) to estimate the user's blood glucose level and/or present this data to the user (e.g., via , displaying said data on a web page, and/or by transmitting said data via radio).
生物计量监视装置还可用于使锻炼、饮食和其它因素与血糖水平相关。此可辅助用户了解这些因素对他们的血糖水平的正面或负面效果。可由用户使用不同的装置(例如，手指刺破型监视器或连续血糖监视器)、通过生物计量监视装置自身，和/或通过推断血糖水平或使用其它传感器的与血糖水平相关的度量，来测量与活动相关的血糖水平。在生物计量监视装置的一些实施例中，用户可佩戴连续血糖监视装置和生物计量监视装置。这两个装置可将关于活动和血糖水平的数据自动地上载到第三计算装置(例如，服务器)。服务器可随后分析所述数据且/或将所述数据呈现给用户，使得用户更加清楚他们的活动与血糖水平之间的关系。所述服务器还可接收关于用户的饮食的输入(例如，用户可输入他们吃什么食物)且使所述饮食与血糖水平相关。通过帮助用户理解饮食、锻炼和其它因素(例如，紧张)如何影响他们的血糖水平，生物计量监视装置可辅助患有糖尿病 的用户。Biometric monitoring devices can also be used to correlate exercise, diet, and other factors with blood glucose levels. This may assist users in understanding the positive or negative effects of these factors on their blood sugar levels. Can be measured by the user using a different device (e.g., a finger prick monitor or a continuous glucose monitor), by the biometric monitoring device itself, and/or by inferring blood glucose levels or using other sensors' metrics related to blood glucose levels Activity-related blood sugar levels. In some embodiments of the biometric monitoring device, the user may wear the continuous glucose monitoring device and the biometric monitoring device. The two devices can automatically upload data about activity and blood glucose levels to a third computing device (eg, a server). The server can then analyze the data and/or present the data to the user, making the user more aware of the relationship between their activity and blood glucose levels. The server may also receive input regarding the user's diet (eg, the user may input what foods they eat) and correlate the diet with blood sugar levels. Biometric monitoring devices can assist users with diabetes by helping users understand how diet, exercise, and other factors (eg, stress) affect their blood sugar levels.
UV暴露检测UV Exposure Detection
在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置可能够监视个体到UV辐射的暴露。可通过一个或多个传感器测量UVA及UVB。举例来说，具有仅使UVA通过的带通滤波器的光电二极管可检测UVA暴露，且具有仅使UVB通过的带通滤波器的光电二极管可检测UVB暴露。还可使用相机或反射计(确定光反射离开皮肤的效率的光发射器及光检测器)来测量用户的皮肤色素沉着。使用UVA、UVB及皮肤色素沉着数据，生物计量监视装置可向用户提供关于其已经受的UV暴露量的信息。生物计量监视装置还可提供关于到UV的过度暴露、晒伤的可能性及增大其皮肤癌风险的可能性的估计或报警。In one embodiment, the biometric monitoring device may be capable of monitoring an individual's exposure to UV radiation. UVA and UVB can be measured by one or more sensors. For example, a photodiode with a bandpass filter that passes only UVA can detect UVA exposure, and a photodiode with a bandpass filter that passes only UVB can detect UVB exposure. A camera or a reflectometer (light emitter and light detector that determine how efficiently light is reflected off the skin) may also be used to measure the user's skin pigmentation. Using the UVA, UVB and skin pigmentation data, the biometric monitoring device can provide the user with information about the amount of UV exposure he has been subjected to. The biometric monitoring device may also provide estimates or alerts regarding overexposure to UV, likelihood of sunburn, and increased likelihood of skin cancer risk.
使用用户存在传感器的屏幕功率节省Screen power saving using user presence sensor
便携式生物计量监视装置可具有一或多个显示器以将信息呈现给用户。在一个实施例中，生物计量监视装置上的传感器可确定用户正使用生物计量监视装置及/或佩戴生物计量监视装置以确定显示器的状态。举例来说，具有PPG传感器的生物计量监视装置可使用PPG传感器作为接近度传感器以确定用户何时佩戴生物计量监视装置。如果用户佩戴着生物计量监视装置，那么屏幕的状态(例如，彩色LCD屏幕)可从其关掉的典型状态改变到“接通”或“待用”。A portable biometric monitoring device may have one or more displays to present information to a user. In one embodiment, a sensor on the biometric monitoring device may determine that the user is using the biometric monitoring device and/or wearing the biometric monitoring device to determine the status of the display. For example, a biometric monitoring device with a PPG sensor may use the PPG sensor as a proximity sensor to determine when a user is wearing the biometric monitoring device. If the user is wearing a biometric monitoring device, the state of the screen (eg, a color LCD screen) can change from its typical state of being off to "on" or "standby".
相对于基于卫星的位置确定系统的功率节省Power savings relative to satellite-based position determination systems
在一些实施方案中，包含在生物计量监视装置中的某些系统可能与生物计量监视装置中的其它系统相比消耗相对较大量的功率。归因于许多生物计量监视装置的小空间约束，此可严重影响生物计量监视装置的总体电池电荷寿命。举例来说，在一些生物计量监视装置中，可包含基于卫星的位置确定系统。每当使用基于卫星的位置确定系统使用来自GPS卫星群落的数据获得定位时，其使用从生物计量监视装置电池汲取的功率。生物计量监视装置可经配置以更改基于卫星的位置确定系统基于来自生物计量监视装置的一或多个传感器的数据获得定位的频率。此自适应定位频率功能性可帮助省电同时仍允许基于卫星的位置确定系统以有用间隔(在适当时)提供定位。In some implementations, certain systems included in a biometric monitoring device may consume relatively large amounts of power compared to other systems in the biometric monitoring device. Due to the small space constraints of many biometric monitoring devices, this can severely impact the overall battery charge life of the biometric monitoring device. For example, in some biometric monitoring devices, a satellite-based position determination system may be included. Whenever a satellite-based position determination system is used to obtain a position fix using data from the GPS satellite constellation, it uses power drawn from the battery of the biometric monitoring device. The biometric monitoring device may be configured to alter the frequency with which the satellite-based position determination system obtains a fix based on data from one or more sensors of the biometric monitoring device. This adaptive positioning frequency functionality can help save power while still allowing satellite based position determination systems to provide positioning at useful intervals (when appropriate).
举例来说，如果生物计量监视装置具有环境光传感器，那么可使用来自环境光传感器的数据来确定光照条件是否指示生物计量监视装置可能在在室内而非在室外。如果在室内，那么生物计量监视装置可致使定位频率设定到低于在光照条件看起来指示生物计量监视装置在室外时可使用的定位频率的水平。此具有减小生物计量监视装置在室内时所尝试的定位次数的效果，且因此不太可能使用基于卫星的位置确定系统获得良好定位。For example, if the biometric monitoring device has an ambient light sensor, data from the ambient light sensor may be used to determine whether lighting conditions indicate that the biometric monitoring device may be indoors rather than outdoors. If indoors, the biometric monitoring device may cause the location frequency to be set to a level lower than that which may be used when lighting conditions appear to indicate that the biometric monitoring device is outdoors. This has the effect of reducing the number of fixes attempted by the biometric monitoring device when it is indoors, and therefore less likely to obtain a good fix using satellite-based position determination systems.
在另一实例中，如果生物计量监视装置的运动传感器指示生物计量监视装置的佩戴者实质上固定不动，例如睡眠或大体不移动大于每分钟几英尺，那么基于卫星的位置确定系统的定位频率可设定到比运动传感器指示生物计量监视装置的佩戴者在运动中(例如，从一个位置步行或跑步到另一位置，例如，移动大于几英尺)的情况低的水平。In another example, the positioning frequency of the satellite-based position determination system is determined if the motion sensor of the biometric monitoring device indicates that the wearer of the biometric monitoring device is substantially immobile, such as sleeping or generally immobile greater than a few feet per minute. It may be set to a lower level than if the motion sensor indicates that the wearer of the biometric monitoring device is in motion (eg, walking or running from one location to another, eg, moving more than a few feet).
在又一实例中，生物计量监视装置可经配置以确定生物计量监视装置是否实际上由人佩戴，如果不是，那么生物计量监视装置可将定位频率设定到比生物计量监视装置实际上被佩戴的情况低的水平。可例如在从生物计量监视装置的运动传感器收集的运动数据指示生物计量监视装置实质上固定不动(例如，甚至在表明佩戴者睡眠或久坐的时生物计量监视装置经历小移动时也并非固定不动)时或在例如来自心率传感器的数据指示未检测到心率时进行关于生物计量监视装置是否被佩戴的此些确定。对于光学心率传感器，如果在光源接通及关掉时在光检测传感器检测到的光量中存在极少改变，那么此可指示以下事实：心率传感器未压抵人的皮肤，且推断生物计量监视装置未被佩戴。此自适应基于卫星的位置确定系统定位频率概念更详细地论述于2014年3月18日申请的第61/955,045号美国临时专利申请案中，所述美国临时专利申请案先前在“对相关申请案的交叉参考”部分中以引用的方式并入本文中且再次特此关于在基于卫星的位置确定系统的上下文中的功率节省处指出的内容而以引用的方式并入。In yet another example, the biometric monitoring device may be configured to determine whether the biometric monitoring device is actually being worn by a person, and if not, the biometric monitoring device may set the location frequency to a higher frequency than the biometric monitoring device is actually being worn. The situation is low level. The biometric monitoring device may be stationary, for example, when motion data collected from a motion sensor of the biometric monitoring device indicates that the biometric monitoring device is substantially stationary (e.g., is not stationary even when the biometric monitoring device experiences small movements indicating that the wearer is sleeping or sedentary). Such determinations as to whether the biometric monitoring device is being worn are made while the biometric monitoring device is being worn or when, for example, data from a heart rate sensor indicates that no heart rate is detected. For an optical heart rate sensor, if there is little change in the amount of light detected by the light detection sensor when the light source is turned on and off, this may indicate the fact that the heart rate sensor is not pressing against the person's skin, and inferring the biometric monitoring device Not being worn. This adaptive satellite-based position determination system positioning frequency concept is discussed in more detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/955,045, filed March 18, 2014, which was previously published in "Reference to Related Application Incorporated herein by reference in the "Cross-References" section of the Proposal and again hereby is hereby incorporated by reference for what was noted at Power Conservation in the Context of a Satellite-Based Position Determination System.
应理解，除了包含下文更详细论述的特征之外，生物计量监视装置还可包含上文论述或在以引用方式并入上文论述中的各种申请案中论述的一或多个特征或功能性。此些实施方案应理解为在本发明的范围内。It should be understood that, in addition to the features discussed in more detail below, a biometric monitoring device may also include one or more of the features or functions discussed above or in the various applications incorporated by reference into the above discussion. sex. Such implementations are understood to be within the scope of the present invention.
虽然以上论述已集中于在生物计量监视装置中可包含的多种不同系统及功能性，但下文随后的论述更详细地集中于一些特定实施例(其中一些也可能在上文论述)。While the above discussion has focused on a variety of different systems and functionality that may be included in a biometric monitoring device, the discussion that follows below focuses in more detail on some specific embodiments (some of which may also have been discussed above).
自动检测未佩戴及佩戴状态的心率监视器Heart rate monitor that automatically detects when it's not worn and when it's worn
一些实施例提供用于操作可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器以测量心跳波形的一或多个特性的方法。“心跳波形”在本文中使用时是指由用户的心跳驱动的血流量造成或与用户的心跳驱动的血流量相关的任何测量信号的变化。在一些实施例中，测量信号与心脏泵送血液穿过循环系统所造成的血液循环有关，其在毛细管体积或其它参数中引起心血管驱动的变化。在一些实施例中，心跳波形通过光电容积图(PPG)来测量。在此些实施例中，心跳波形反映毛细管中的血容量改变，其与用户的心跳及脉博(由心跳造成的动脉搏动)相关。在一些实施例中，测量信号与心脏的肌肉活动或心电图信号有关。在一些实施例中，心脏活动或信号可通过ECG测量以获得心跳波形。Some embodiments provide methods for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to measure one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform. A "heartbeat waveform" as used herein refers to any change in a measured signal caused by or related to blood flow driven by a user's heartbeat. In some embodiments, the measured signal is related to blood circulation caused by the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system, which causes changes in cardiovascular drive in capillary volume or other parameters. In some embodiments, the heartbeat waveform is measured by photoplethysmography (PPG). In these embodiments, the heartbeat waveform reflects changes in blood volume in the capillaries, which are related to the user's heartbeat and pulse (arterial pulsation caused by the heartbeat). In some embodiments, the measurement signal is related to muscle activity of the heart or an electrocardiogram signal. In some embodiments, heart activity or signals may be measured by ECG to obtain a heartbeat waveform.
心跳波形表示一或多个心博循环(其对应于从心跳产生到下一心跳的开始的完整心 跳)的信息。心搏循环的频率由心率描述，其通常表示为每分钟跳动数。心跳波形通常包含关于心跳的各种阶段的信息，例如一或多个心博循环内的波形的振幅、频率及/或形状。在许多实施例中，心跳波形用以获得用户的心率。A heartbeat waveform represents information for one or more heartbeat cycles (which correspond to a complete heartbeat from the generation of a heartbeat to the beginning of the next heartbeat). The frequency of the cardiac cycle is described by the heart rate, usually expressed as beats per minute. A heartbeat waveform typically contains information about various phases of the heartbeat, such as the amplitude, frequency, and/or shape of the waveform over one or more cardiac cycles. In many embodiments, a heartbeat waveform is used to obtain the user's heart rate.
在一些实施例中，光学心率监视器可用于可佩戴装置中，通过发出光脉冲且在光与用户的皮肤或其它组织交互之后检测光而实施不同操作模式，由此俘获可用以获得用户的心跳波形、佩戴状态、用户特性等的数据。In some embodiments, an optical heart rate monitor can be used in a wearable device to implement different modes of operation by emitting pulses of light and detecting the light after it interacts with the user's skin or other tissue, thereby capturing the user's heartbeat. Data of waveform, wearing status, user characteristics, etc.
在一些实施例中，本发明提供用于在具有心率监视器(HRM)的可佩戴健身监视装置确定所述装置未被用户佩戴(或在实施为手腕佩戴式装置时为“腕外”)时在低功率状态中操作所述装置的方法。HRM的此特征还称为“自动关闭(automatic off)”功能。在一些实施例中，自动关闭功能是通过在“未佩戴”(或“腕外”)检测模式中操作HRM而实施，且自动关闭功能在装置确定其未被用户佩戴的情况下自动地关掉HRM的心率监视操作以节省能量。自动关闭功能的其它益处包含提供更准确的心率估计。举例来说，当执行自动关闭或自动开启(下文描述)时，心率检测算法可复位。在一个实施方案中，算法在检测到腕外时停止运行，且在检测到腕上时重新开始。当心率监视器重新开始时，其复位。In some embodiments, the present invention provides for when a wearable fitness monitoring device with a heart rate monitor (HRM) determines that the device is not being worn by the user (or "off the wrist" when implemented as a wrist-worn device) A method of operating the device in a low power state. This feature of the HRM is also known as the "automatic off" function. In some embodiments, the auto-off function is implemented by operating the HRM in a "not worn" (or "wrist-worn") detection mode, and the auto-off function automatically turns off if the device determines that it is not being worn by the user HRM's heart rate monitoring operates to save energy. Other benefits of the auto-off feature include providing more accurate heart rate estimates. For example, the heart rate detection algorithm may reset when auto-off or auto-on (described below) is performed. In one embodiment, the algorithm stops running when an off-wrist is detected and restarts when an on-wrist is detected. It resets when the heart rate monitor restarts.
在一些实施例中，本发明提供用于在具有心率监视器的可佩戴健身监视装置确定所述装置由用户佩戴(或在实施为手腕佩戴式装置时为“腕上”)时在正常功率状态中操作所述装置的方法。HRM的此特征还称为“自动开启”功能。在一些实施例中，自动开启功能是通过在“佩戴”(或“腕上”)检测模式中操作HRM而实施。自动开启功能在装置检测到运动且确定其由用户佩戴的情况下自动地使HRM退出低功率状态且开启HRM的心率监视操作。In some embodiments, the present invention provides for a wearable fitness monitoring device with a heart rate monitor to operate in a normal power state when the device determines that the device is worn by the user (or "on the wrist" when implemented as a wrist-worn device). method of operating the device. This feature of the HRM is also known as the "auto-on" function. In some embodiments, the auto-on function is implemented by operating the HRM in a "worn" (or "wrist") detection mode. The auto-on function automatically takes the HRM out of the low power state and turns on the HRM's heart rate monitoring operation if the device detects motion and determines it is being worn by the user.
在一些实施例中，未佩戴(或腕外)及佩戴(或腕上)检测可由光(例如，LED)探测来实施，其发出光脉冲且在光脉冲与用户的皮肤及组织交互之后检测信号。在一些实施例中，未佩戴及佩戴探测可共享用于光发射、光检测及所检测信号的分析的一些硬件、固件、软件及/或参数。在其它实施例中，两个探测模式使用可用于未佩戴及佩戴检测的光发射、光检测及分析的不同硬件、固件、软件及/或参数。In some embodiments, non-worn (or off-wrist) and worn (or on-wrist) detection may be implemented by light (e.g., LED) detection that emits a pulse of light and detects a signal after the light pulse interacts with the user's skin and tissue . In some embodiments, non-worn and worn detection may share some hardware, firmware, software, and/or parameters for light emission, light detection, and analysis of detected signals. In other embodiments, the two detection modes use different hardware, firmware, software and/or parameters that may be used for light emission, light detection and analysis for not worn and worn detection.
在一些实施例中，可佩戴健身监视装置进入及退出由探针光(例如，LED)及运动检测器调节的低功率状态，从而实施自动关闭及开启功能。在低功率状态中，心率监视器通过关掉或按比例缩减其LED光源及其光电检测器的操作而节省功率。在一些实施例中，其它光源及光检测器(例如，光电二极管、光电倍增管、CCD或CMOS)可用以实施自动关闭或开启功能。图17A展示此实施方案，其中相同探测光机构用以确定心率监视 器被佩戴(“腕上”)还是未被佩戴(“腕外”)。在下文描述的其它实施例中，两个不同探测光机构可用以确定监视器的腕上状态及腕外状态。如所属领域的技术人员将了解，尽管本文所述的心率监视器描述为佩戴在用户的手腕上，但其它类型的实施方案可允许用户以替代形式佩戴心率监视器，例如佩戴在脚踝或用户的胸部上。在此些实施方案中，佩戴状态与未佩戴状态分别对应于下文描述的实施方案的“腕上状态”及“腕外”状态。In some embodiments, the wearable fitness monitoring device enters and exits a low power state regulated by a probe light (eg, LED) and motion detector, implementing an automatic off and on function. In a low power state, the heart rate monitor conserves power by turning off or scaling down the operation of its LED light source and its photodetector. In some embodiments, other light sources and photodetectors (eg, photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, CCDs, or CMOSs) may be used to implement the auto-off or on functions. Figure 17A shows this implementation, where the same detection light mechanism is used to determine whether the heart rate monitor is worn ("wrist") or not ("wrist"). In other embodiments described below, two different detection light mechanisms may be used to determine the on-wrist and off-wrist status of the monitor. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, although the heart rate monitors described herein are described as being worn on the user's wrist, other types of implementations may allow the user to wear the heart rate monitor in alternative forms, such as on the ankle or on the user's on the chest. In such implementations, the worn state and the unworn state correspond to the "on-wrist state" and "off-wrist" states, respectively, of the embodiments described below.
如图17A中所示，LED或另一光源发出可由可佩戴健身监视装置(还称为可佩戴装置)的心率监视器的光电检测器检测的光脉冲。通常，当装置由用户佩戴时，所发射光将与用户的皮肤及/或其它组织交互，且接着由心率监视器的光电检测器检测。如果装置未被用户佩戴，则所发射光将不会被光电检测器检测到，或将以不同强度或模式被检测动。所检测光的差提供心率监视器可分析以确定装置是否由用户佩戴的数据。见框1702。在此处所描绘的实施方案中，因为可佩戴健身监视装置确定其佩戴在手腕上，因此其维持于光探测操作模式中。如果心脏监视器确定可佩戴装置未被用户佩戴，例如检测到腕外状态，那么心率监视器切换到低功率状态，其中其不发出或检测光脉冲，由此节省可佩戴装置的电力。见框1704。在此处所描绘的实施方案中，可佩戴装置可保持于低功率状态中或返回到光探测状态，此可由用户的运动来调节。在此处所描绘的实施方案中，如果心率监视器处于低功率状态中，那么其在未检测到运动的情况下保持处于此类状态中。然而，当检测到运动从而指示用户可能佩戴可佩戴健身监视装置时，其返回到光探测状态。此运动调节的低功率状态避免需要使用光源及光检测器来调节心率监视器，从而实现进一步功率节省。佩戴检测模式的运动检测可由适合于如上文所描述的可佩戴装置的运动检测器中的任一者来实施。举例来说，运动检测可由从运动传感器所产生的数据检测静止或运动的算法实施。另一实例可使用运动传感器的固有中断用于唤醒传感器，其可触发佩戴检测。As shown in Figure 17A, an LED or another light source emits light pulses that can be detected by a photodetector of a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device (also referred to as a wearable device). Typically, when the device is worn by the user, the emitted light will interact with the user's skin and/or other tissue, and then be detected by the photodetector of the heart rate monitor. If the device is not worn by the user, the emitted light will not be detected by the photodetector, or will be detected at a different intensity or pattern. The difference in detected light provides data that the heart rate monitor can analyze to determine whether the device is being worn by the user. See block 1702. In the implementation depicted here, because the wearable fitness monitoring device determines that it is worn on the wrist, it remains in the light detection mode of operation. If the heart monitor determines that the wearable device is not being worn by the user, for example an off-wrist condition is detected, the heart rate monitor switches to a low power state where it does not emit or detect light pulses, thereby conserving power to the wearable device. See block 1704. In the implementations depicted here, the wearable device can remain in a low power state or return to a light detection state, which can be adjusted by the user's motion. In the implementation depicted here, if the heart rate monitor is in a low power state, it remains in such state if no motion is detected. However, it returns to the light detection state when motion is detected indicating that the user may be wearing the wearable fitness monitoring device. This motion-regulated low-power state avoids the need to use light sources and light detectors to regulate the heart rate monitor, resulting in further power savings. Motion detection in the wear detection mode may be implemented by any of the motion detectors suitable for the wearable device as described above. For example, motion detection may be implemented by an algorithm that detects stillness or motion from data generated by a motion sensor. Another example could use the motion sensor's inherent interrupt for waking up the sensor, which could trigger wear detection.
在图17A中所描绘的实施方案中，心率监视器可在其执行框1702所描绘的光探测功能的同时测量心率或其它心跳波形相关信号。1702的所描绘光探测机构确定心率监视器是否应保持于光探测模式中且继续执行心脏监视功能。相同光探测机构还确定心率监视器是否应退出光探测及心率监视。如图17B中所示，单独的光探测机构可用于腕外检测(以退出PPG心率监视)及腕上检测(以进入PPG心率监视)。In the implementation depicted in FIG. 17A , a heart rate monitor may measure heart rate or other heartbeat waveform related signals while it performs the light detection function depicted at block 1702 . The depicted light detection mechanism of 1702 determines whether the heart rate monitor should remain in light detection mode and continue to perform cardiac monitoring functions. The same light detection mechanism also determines whether the heart rate monitor should disable light detection and heart rate monitoring. As shown in Figure 17B, separate light detection mechanisms can be used for off-wrist detection (to exit PPG heart rate monitoring) and on-wrist detection (to enter PPG heart rate monitoring).
在一些实施例中，如图17B的框1708中所描绘，用于检测“腕上”状态的光探测模式可以相对较低的强度发出光脉冲达一定时间百分比。如果光源发出的光与用户的皮肤或其它组织交互，那么反射或散射光将由心率监视器的光电检测器检测到。当此出现 时，心率监视器进入如框1706所描绘的正常功率状态。当此不出现时，心率监视器继续光探测达特定时间周期。如果特定时间周期已过去且未通过光探测检测到用户交互，那么可佩戴装置进入如框1710中所描绘的低功率状态。In some embodiments, as depicted in block 1708 of FIG. 17B , the light detection mode used to detect the "on wrist" state may emit light pulses at a relatively low intensity for a certain percentage of time. If the light from the light source interacts with the user's skin or other tissue, the reflected or scattered light will be detected by the heart rate monitor's photodetector. When this occurs, the heart rate monitor enters a normal power state as depicted by block 1706. When this does not occur, the heart rate monitor continues light detection for a certain period of time. If a certain period of time has elapsed and no user interaction is detected by light detection, the wearable device enters a low power state as depicted in block 1710 .
处于正常功率状态中的心率监视器执行心率监视功能及佩戴检测探测功能两者，如框1706中所示。在一些实施例中，用于框1706的未佩戴检测的光探测机构与框1708中的佩戴检测的光探测机构相比可以相对较高功率操作。在一些实施例中，1708的功能在两个状态中实施：从腕外状态进入时的一个功能，及从腕上状态进入时的不同功能。下文将更详细地描述此实施例。在其它实施例中，类似光脉冲可用于检测到未佩戴的转变且用于检测到佩戴的转变。在一些实施例中，不同分析可应用于未佩戴检测或佩戴检测。举例来说，未佩戴检测可由所检测光脉冲的特定强度变化模式触发，而佩戴检测可由所检测光脉冲的强度触发。下文进一步描述用于未佩戴/佩戴检测的光脉冲的发射及检测的实例。A heart rate monitor in a normal power state performs both heart rate monitoring functions and wear detection detection functions, as shown in block 1706 . In some embodiments, the light detection mechanism used for the not-worn detection of block 1706 may operate at a relatively higher power than the light detection mechanism for the worn detection of block 1708 . In some embodiments, the function of 1708 is implemented in two states: one function when entered from the off-wrist state, and a different function when entered from the on-wrist state. This embodiment will be described in more detail below. In other embodiments, similar pulses of light may be used to detect the transition to not worn and to detect the transition to worn. In some embodiments, different analyzes may be applied to non-worn detection or worn detection. For example, unworn detection may be triggered by a particular intensity variation pattern of the detected light pulses, while worn detection may be triggered by the intensity of the detected light pulses. Examples of emission and detection of light pulses for non-worn/worn detection are described further below.
1706的光探测机构可确定BMD是否为腕外(或未佩戴)。如果不是，那么其保持在正常功率状态以执行心脏信号监视。如果检测到腕外状态，那么其停止PPG心率监视，退出正常功率模式且返回至框1708的光探测模式。在可佩戴装置已处于1708的光探测模式中达特定周期而未检测到佩戴之后，可佩戴装置进入框1710的较低功率状态。可佩戴装置在未检测到用户运动的情况下保持在较低功率状态中。如果检测到用户运动，那么其返回到1708的光探测状态。The light detection mechanism of 1706 can determine whether the BMD is off the wrist (or not worn). If not, it remains in normal power state to perform cardiac signal monitoring. If an off-wrist condition is detected, it stops PPG heart rate monitoring, exits normal power mode and returns to light detection mode at block 1708 . After the wearable device has been in the light detection mode at 1708 for a certain period without detection of wear, the wearable device enters a lower power state at block 1710 . The wearable device remains in a lower power state when no user motion is detected. If user motion is detected, it returns to the light detection state of 1708 .
图18A展示根据本发明的一些实施例的处理流程图，其中具有心率监视器的可佩戴健身监视装置以具能量效益的方式在不同模式中操作。在如下文进一步描述的各种实施例中，心率监视器通过使用例如一或多个LED等光源发出光脉冲且在其与用户的皮肤或其它组织交互之后检测光而在不同模式中操作。下文中进一步描述所发出及所检测光脉冲的特性。18A shows a process flow diagram in which a wearable fitness monitoring device with a heart rate monitor operates in different modes in an energy-efficient manner, according to some embodiments of the invention. In various embodiments as described further below, the heart rate monitor operates in different modes by emitting pulses of light using a light source, such as one or more LEDs, and detecting the light after it interacts with the user's skin or other tissue. The characteristics of the emitted and detected light pulses are described further below.
在此处所描绘的实施例中，可佩戴健身监视装置通过检测装置的运动而开始。如果未检测到运动，那么装置保持于运动检测模式中。见框1802。如果装置检测到运动，那么其开始在经配置以检测装置已从未佩戴转变到佩戴状态的“佩戴检测模式”中操作心率监视器。第二模式中的操作可包含通过光源(例如，LED)使光脉动以及在光与用户的皮肤及/或组织交互之后检测光。见框1804。在进入第二模式之后的所界定时间内，装置确定心率监视器是否检测到装置已转变到佩戴状态。见框1806。如果没有，那么装置结束佩戴检测模式，见框1807，且返回到框1802的运动检测操作。如果装置检测出到佩戴状态的转变，那么其开始在经配置以测量用户的心跳波形或其它心脏相关信号的 第一模式中操作心率监视器。见框1808。In the embodiments depicted here, a wearable fitness monitoring device begins by detecting motion of the device. If no motion is detected, the device remains in motion detection mode. See block 1802. If the device detects motion, it begins operating the heart rate monitor in a "wear detection mode" configured to detect that the device has transitioned from an unworn to a worn state. Operation in the second mode may include pulsing light through a light source (eg, an LED) and detecting light after it interacts with the user's skin and/or tissue. See block 1804. Within a defined time after entering the second mode, the device determines whether the heart rate monitor detects that the device has transitioned to the worn state. See block 1806. If not, the device ends the wearing detection mode, see block 1807 , and returns to the motion detection operation of block 1802 . If the device detects a transition to the worn state, it begins operating the heart rate monitor in a first mode configured to measure the user's heartbeat waveform or other heart-related signal. See box 1808.
框1804的第二模式对应于如本文中其它地方描述的佩戴检测模式。在图18A的一个实施方案中，可以与如框1810中所示的经配置以检测到未佩戴状态的转变的第二模式相同的方式实施佩戴检测模式。下文描述的与图18B有关的替代实施例将佩戴检测模式与未佩戴检测模式实施为两个不同模式。The second mode of block 1804 corresponds to the wearing detection mode as described elsewhere herein. In one embodiment of FIG. 18A , the worn detection mode may be implemented in the same manner as the second mode, as shown in block 1810 , configured to detect a transition from an unworn state. An alternate embodiment described below in relation to FIG. 18B implements the worn detection mode and the unworn detection mode as two distinct modes.
当心率监视器在框1808的第一模式中操作时，其检测与用户的组织交互的光脉冲，从而俘获由用户的毛细血管中心跳相关血流量造成的信号变化。在一些实施例中，心率监视器可测量与如上文所描述的心跳波形有关的其它信息。同时，装置周期性地且暂时地在第二模式中操作心率监视器以检测装置已从佩戴状态转变到未佩戴状态，同时还在第一模式中操作以检测心率。见框1810。当心率监视器在第二模式中操作时，装置确定装置是否已转变到未佩戴状态，见框1812。如果否，那么其继续在第一模式及第二模式两者中操作，如框1810中所描绘。如果是，那么装置结束监视心跳波形信号的第一模式。见框1814。此时，装置使心率监视器返回到在框1802的运动检测模式中操作。When the heart rate monitor is operating in the first mode of block 1808, it detects pulses of light interacting with the user's tissue, capturing signal changes caused by heartbeat-related blood flow in the user's capillaries. In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor may measure other information related to the heartbeat waveform as described above. At the same time, the device periodically and temporarily operates the heart rate monitor in the second mode to detect that the device has transitioned from the worn state to the unworn state, while also operating in the first mode to detect heart rate. See block 1810. When the heart rate monitor is operating in the second mode, the device determines whether the device has transitioned to the unworn state, see block 1812. If not, it continues to operate in both the first and second modes, as depicted in block 1810 . If so, the device ends the first mode of monitoring the heartbeat waveform signal. See box 1814. At this point, the device returns the heart rate monitor to operating in the motion detection mode at block 1802 .
图18B展示根据本发明的一些实施例的处理流程图。图18B的过程类似于图18A的过程，但侧重点稍有不同，以用于检测心脏信号的第一模式及用于检测未佩戴状态的第二模式的同时操作开始。见框1822，其可对应于图18A的框1810。图18B的过程对于自动地关闭心率监视(见框1822中的第二模式)的未佩戴检测与开启心率监视(见框1832中的佩戴检测模式)的佩戴检测实施两个不同模式。在一些实施方案中，图18A的过程可使用相同机构来检测与用户身体的接近度以开启(见框1804的佩戴检测模式)及关掉心率监视(见框1810的第二模式)。Figure 18B shows a process flow diagram according to some embodiments of the invention. The process of FIG. 18B is similar to that of FIG. 18A , but with a slightly different emphasis, starting with simultaneous operation of a first mode for detecting heart signals and a second mode for detecting an unworn state. See block 1822, which may correspond to block 1810 of FIG. 18A. The process of FIG. 18B implements two different modes for not worn detection which automatically turns off heart rate monitoring (see second mode in block 1822 ) and worn detection which turns on heart rate monitoring (see worn detection mode in block 1832 ). In some implementations, the process of FIG. 18A may use the same mechanism to detect proximity to the user's body to turn on (see wear detection mode, block 1804) and turn off heart rate monitoring (see second mode, block 1810).
在图18B中所示的过程中，可佩戴装置在第一模式中操作心率监视器以检测心率或其它心跳波形特性。同时，心率监视器在第二模式中操作以检测用户接近度。见框1822。在此处所描绘的实施例中，实施第二模式以确定心率监视器是否已转变到未佩戴(或腕外)状态。见框1824。如果装置尚未转变到未佩戴状态，那么装置在框1822的操作中继续在第一模式及第二模式两者中操作心率监视器。如果第二模式确定未佩戴心率监视器，那么装置自动地停止在第一模式中的心率监视器操作。见框1826。此操作有助于通过在装置未被用户佩戴时自动地关掉心率监视器而节省能量。在一些实施例中，装置进入不监视心率或探测用户接近度(还停止第二模式操作以进一步节省能量，所述流程图中未展示)的低功率状态。In the process shown in Figure 18B, the wearable device operates a heart rate monitor in a first mode to detect heart rate or other heartbeat waveform characteristics. At the same time, the heart rate monitor operates in a second mode to detect user proximity. See box 1822. In the embodiment depicted here, a second mode is implemented to determine if the heart rate monitor has transitioned to an unworn (or off-wrist) state. See box 1824. If the device has not transitioned to the unworn state, the device continues to operate the heart rate monitor in both the first and second modes in operation at block 1822 . If the second mode determines that the heart rate monitor is not being worn, the device automatically stops operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode. See box 1826. This operation helps to save energy by automatically turning off the heart rate monitor when the device is not being worn by the user. In some embodiments, the device enters a low power state that does not monitor heart rate or detect user proximity (also stops second mode operation to further save energy, not shown in the flowchart).
在图18B中所描绘的过程中，可佩戴装置在停止心脏信号监视的第一模式之后执行运动检测，所述运动检测提供在必要时自动地开启心率监视功能的触发。见框1828。如本文中其它地方所提及，运动检测可由不同硬件及软件实施。如果未检测到运动，那么装置保持在低功率状态中。见框1830。如果检测到运动，其指示用户与装置交互的可能性，那么装置开始在经设计以确定装置是否可能由用户佩戴的佩戴检测模式中操作。见框1832。如果心率监视器的佩戴检测模式确定其未被佩戴，那么装置返回到运动检测模式。然而，如果心率监视器确定装置由用户佩戴，那么装置返回到框1822的操作以同时在第一模式中操作心率监视器以检测心跳且在第二模式中操作心率监视器以检测用户接近度(到未佩戴状态的转变)。见框1834。应理解，尽管图18A及18B的描述呈现装置操作的开始点及结束点，但所述过程可持续地实施，且可在所揭示流程图中的任何时刻开始及结束。在一些实施方案中，当用户手动接通及关掉装置时，进入开始及结束点。In the process depicted in FIG. 18B , the wearable device performs motion detection after ceasing the first mode of heart signal monitoring, which provides a trigger to automatically turn on the heart rate monitoring function if necessary. See box 1828. As mentioned elsewhere herein, motion detection can be implemented by different hardware and software. If no motion is detected, the device remains in a low power state. See box 1830. If motion is detected, which indicates the likelihood of the user interacting with the device, the device begins operating in a wear detection mode designed to determine whether the device is likely to be worn by the user. See box 1832. If the wear detection mode of the heart rate monitor determines that it is not being worn, the device returns to motion detection mode. However, if the heart rate monitor determines that the device is worn by the user, the device returns to operation at block 1822 to simultaneously operate the heart rate monitor in a first mode to detect a heartbeat and in a second mode to detect user proximity ( transition to the unworn state). See box 1834. It should be understood that while the description of FIGS. 18A and 18B presents starting and ending points of device operation, the process is implemented continuously and can begin and end at any point in the disclosed flowcharts. In some implementations, the start and end points are entered when the user manually turns the device on and off.
如上文所提及，在一些实施例中，可佩戴装置的心率监视器包含光学心率监视器。当心率监视器在不同模式中操作时，所有模式涉及发出光脉冲及在其与用户的组织交互之后检测所述相同脉冲。不同模式可使用不同光脉冲及/或用于解释所检测脉冲的不同过程。图18C展示在一些实施例中用以提供心率与用于探测与用户身体的接近度的光脉冲的数据的光脉冲的草图。如在所展示实施例中，心率监视器发出用于心率数据流及探测数据流两者的光脉冲。如在此实施例中所描绘的心率数据流具有例如25Hz(或在两个连续脉冲之间为40ms)的较低频率，而探测流具有例如100Hz(或在两个连续脉冲之间为10ms)的较高频率。所属领域的技术人员明白了解，不同频率及振幅可用于所述两个数据流，同时保持两个数据流可分开。在某些实施例中，所述较高频率比所述较低频率大约2到5倍，或大约2到4倍。光脉冲的两个不同频率允许心率监视器同时发出及检测两个不同信号。心率数据流允许心率监视器确定用户的心率信号。探测数据流允许心率监视器确定装置是否紧密接近于用户的身体。在一些实施例中，心率数据流可持续地在第一模式中操作，而探测流周期性地在第二模式中操作。举例来说，探测数据流可每1000ms(一秒)操作120ms。在一些实施例中，心率监视器在其操作心率数据流时操作探测流达小于约50％的时间。在其它实施例中，所述百分比可小于约40％、30％、20％、10％，或5％。As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the heart rate monitor of the wearable device includes an optical heart rate monitor. When the heart rate monitor operates in different modes, all modes involve emitting a pulse of light and detecting that same pulse after it interacts with the user's tissue. Different modes may use different light pulses and/or different processes for interpreting detected pulses. Figure 18C shows a sketch of light pulses used in some embodiments to provide data on heart rate and light pulses used to detect proximity to the user's body. As in the shown embodiment, the heart rate monitor emits light pulses for both the heart rate data stream and the probe data stream. The heart rate data stream as depicted in this embodiment has a lower frequency of eg 25Hz (or 40ms between two successive pulses), while the probe stream has eg 100Hz (or 10ms between two successive pulses) higher frequency. It is clear to those skilled in the art that different frequencies and amplitudes can be used for the two data streams while keeping the two data streams separable. In some embodiments, the higher frequency is about 2 to 5 times greater, or about 2 to 4 times greater than the lower frequency. Two different frequencies of light pulses allow the heart rate monitor to emit and detect two different signals simultaneously. The heart rate data stream allows the heart rate monitor to determine the user's heart rate signal. Probing the data stream allows the heart rate monitor to determine if the device is in close proximity to the user's body. In some embodiments, the heart rate data stream is continuously operated in the first mode, while the sounding stream is periodically operated in the second mode. For example, the probe data stream may operate for 120ms every 1000ms (one second). In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor operates the probe stream less than about 50% of the time when it operates the stream of heart rate data. In other embodiments, the percentage may be less than about 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5%.
在一些实施例中，如此处的实例中所示，心率数据流与探测数据流同相，使得来自一个流的一些脉冲与另一流中的一些脉冲重合。此布置可有助于减小光脉冲的数目，由此节省能量。在其它实施例中，如以下实例中所示，两个数据流异相，其可提供更容易分开的数据流。In some embodiments, as shown in the examples herein, the stream of heart rate data is in phase with the stream of probe data such that some pulses from one stream coincide with some pulses in the other stream. This arrangement can help reduce the number of light pulses, thereby saving energy. In other embodiments, as shown in the examples below, the two data streams are out of phase, which may provide more easily separated data streams.
图18D展示在一些实施例中可用以提供心率对用于探测用户身体的接近度的光脉冲的数据的光脉冲的另一草图。用于此处描绘的心率数据流的光脉冲类似于图18C中的 光脉冲。然而，此处的探测数据流具有可变强度，而图18C中的探测数据流具有固定强度。此处展示的探测数据流在一些实施例中还可用以检测用户皮肤特性，如下一部分所进一步描述。在此处展示的实例中，探测数据流以100Hz包含8个脉冲，其中四个具有可变强度。在此处未展示的一些实施例中，较少脉冲可具有可变强度，例如，仅两个脉冲具有可变强度。在一些实施例中，甚至一个脉冲对于探测可为足够的。在此实例中，所述脉冲中的两者具有相对较低强度，且彼此不同。举例来说，其对于较低强度脉冲可具有约0.02到0.04mW的值，且对于较高强度脉冲具有约0.025到0.05mW的值。两个脉冲之间的差在图中指示为D1，且可接近于约0.002到0.005mW。所述脉冲中的两者具有相对较高强度，且彼此不同。举例来说，其对于较低强度脉冲可具有约0.1到0.11mW的值，且对于较高强度脉冲具有约0.14到0.15mw的值。在其它实施例中，可调整所述强度值。作为额外实例，一对较低强度的脉冲以mW计可具有约0.01到0.03(例如，约0.021)及0.025到0.035(例如，约0.027)的强度，而较高强度对可具有约0.15到0.17(例如，约0.16)及约0.17到0.19(例如，约0.175)的脉冲强度。18D shows another sketch of light pulses that may be used in some embodiments to provide data of heart rate versus light pulses used to detect the proximity of the user's body. The light pulses used for the heart rate data stream depicted here are similar to those in Figure 18C. However, here the probing data stream has variable intensity, whereas the probing data stream in Figure 18C has a fixed intensity. The probing data stream presented here can also be used in some embodiments to detect user skin characteristics, as further described in the next section. In the example shown here, the probe data stream contains 8 pulses at 100 Hz, four of which have variable intensity. In some embodiments not shown here, fewer pulses may have variable intensity, eg, only two pulses have variable intensity. In some embodiments, even one pulse may be sufficient for detection. In this example, two of the pulses are of relatively low intensity and are different from each other. For example, it may have a value of about 0.02 to 0.04 mW for lower intensity pulses and about 0.025 to 0.05 mW for higher intensity pulses. The difference between the two pulses is indicated as D1 in the figure, and may be approximately 0.002 to 0.005 mW. Two of the pulses are of relatively high intensity and are different from each other. For example, it may have a value of about 0.1 to 0.11 mW for lower intensity pulses, and about 0.14 to 0.15 mw for higher intensity pulses. In other embodiments, the intensity value may be adjusted. As an additional example, a pair of lower intensity pulses may have intensities in mW of about 0.01 to 0.03 (e.g., about 0.021) and 0.025 to 0.035 (e.g., about 0.027), while a higher intensity pair may have intensities of about 0.15 to 0.17 (eg, about 0.16) and pulse strengths of about 0.17 to 0.19 (eg, about 0.175).
两个高强度脉冲之间的差指示为D2。两个对之间的差标记为D3。此外，八个脉冲中的四者具有中间及恒定强度。不同脉冲的特定编号及强度可经调整以提供待测量及分析的良好信号。在一些实施例中，D1及D2的值经设定以允许光电检测器检测不同响应，此又允许分析光-用户交互及用户皮肤特性。较低及较高强度及D3的值经设定以在用户佩戴装置时允许俘获在可能条件范围内的光反射：不同肤色、运动、汗液水平及组成、环境光条件，等。中间强度经设定以允许俘获基线信号。在一些实施例中，举例来说，较低强度脉冲对于浅色皮肤提供良好检测强度；高强度脉冲对于深色皮肤提供良好检测；且中间强度脉冲提供用于基线检测的良好默认值。The difference between the two high intensity pulses is indicated as D2. The difference between the two pairs is labeled D3. Furthermore, four of the eight pulses are of intermediate and constant intensity. The specific numbers and intensities of the different pulses can be adjusted to provide a good signal to be measured and analyzed. In some embodiments, the values of D1 and D2 are set to allow the photodetectors to detect different responses, which in turn allows analysis of light-user interaction and user skin characteristics. The lower and higher intensities and values of D3 are set to allow capture of light reflections over a range of possible conditions when the user is wearing the device: different skin tones, motion, sweat level and composition, ambient light conditions, etc. Intermediate intensities were set to allow capture of a baseline signal. In some embodiments, for example, lower intensity pulses provide good detection intensity for light skin; high intensity pulses provide good detection for dark skin; and intermediate intensity pulses provide good default values for baseline detection.
在一些实施例中，针对脉冲中的任一者所测量的光的强度可用以确定佩戴及/或未佩戴状态，以及用户皮肤特性。如果用户佩戴着装置且光脉冲与用户交互且接着被检测到，那么装置可从所检测信号的强度推断用户的接近度。举例来说，如果装置被佩戴，那么检测强度可高于未佩戴，或反之亦然。而且，如果装置被佩戴，那么可检测到符合所发出脉冲的脉动频率。如果装置被佩戴，那么一对脉冲之间的所检测强度差可与所发出脉冲中的差(例如，D1、D2，或D3)相关。此些差可提供装置被佩戴的推断。在一些实施例中，两个脉冲(例如，D1对)之间的所检测差可通过两个恒定脉冲之间的差而正规化，接着可将经正规化的差与阈值相比较以确定装置是否被佩戴。此分析有助于消除所检测光中的固有噪音。在其它实施方案中，装置确定响应的变化。当变化高时，装置得出其被佩戴的结论，且当变化低时，装置得出其未被佩戴的结论。在下一部分进一步描述的 一些实施例中，对照所检测光的发射光值的数据点(例如强度或功率)的斜率及或趋势可用以获得用户皮肤响应特性，其可接着用以校准发射功率及/或检测增益。在一些实施例中，装置可具有佩戴/未佩戴检测功能及皮肤特性校准功能两者，如下一部分中所进一步描述。In some embodiments, the intensity of light measured for any of the pulses may be used to determine worn and/or unworn states, as well as user skin characteristics. If a user is wearing a device and a pulse of light interacts with the user and is then detected, the device can infer the user's proximity from the strength of the detected signal. For example, if the device is worn, the detection intensity may be higher than if it is not worn, or vice versa. Also, if the device is worn, a pulsation frequency consistent with the emitted pulses can be detected. If the device is worn, the detected intensity difference between a pair of pulses can be correlated to the difference in emitted pulses (eg, Dl, D2, or D3). Such differences may provide an inference that the device was worn. In some embodiments, the detected difference between two pulses (eg, D1 pair) can be normalized by the difference between two constant pulses, and the normalized difference can then be compared to a threshold to determine the device whether to be worn. This analysis helps remove inherent noise in the detected light. In other embodiments, the device determines a change in response. When the variation is high, the device concludes that it is worn, and when the variation is low, the device concludes that it is not worn. In some embodiments described further in the next section, the slope and or trend of data points (e.g., intensity or power) against emitted light values of detected light can be used to obtain user skin response characteristics, which can then be used to calibrate emitted power and/or or detection gain. In some embodiments, the device may have both wear/not-wear detection functionality and skin characteristic calibration functionality, as further described in the next section.
一些实施例提供一种操作具有多个传感器的可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器的方法。所述方法包含：(a)在第一模式中操作所述心率监视器，同时还在经配置以检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置到用户的皮肤的紧密接近度的第二模式中操作，其中所述第一模式经配置以确定当所述可佩戴健身监视装置紧密接近于所述用户时用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性；(b)从所述第二模式中收集的信息，确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤；以及(c)响应于确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤，结束所述心率监视器在所述第一模式中的操作。在一些实施例中，所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性包含用户的心率。Some embodiments provide a method of operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device having multiple sensors. The method includes: (a) operating the heart rate monitor in a first mode while also operating in a second mode configured to detect close proximity of the wearable fitness monitoring device to a user's skin, wherein The first mode is configured to determine one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform of a user when the wearable fitness monitoring device is in close proximity to the user; (b) from information collected in the second mode, determine the heart rate monitor is not proximate to the user's skin; and (c) in response to determining that the heart rate monitor is not proximate to the user's skin, ending operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode . In some embodiments, the one or more characteristics of the user's heartbeat waveform include the user's heart rate.
在一些实施例中，所述可佩戴装置包含运动传感器，且所述方法进一步涉及：在(c)之前，从所述运动检测传感器输出的信息确定所述可佩戴健身监视装置已安静达至少所界定周期；以及响应于检测到所述可佩戴健身监视装置已安静达至少所界定周期，执行(c)。在一些实施例中，在(a)之前在所述第一模式未操作时，所述装置：(i)使用运动检测传感器检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置的运动及/或通过在第三模式中操作所述心率监视器而检测所述心率监视器到所述用户的皮肤的接近度；以及(ii)当确定所述可佩戴健身监视装置紧密接近于所述用户时，起始所述心率监视器的所述第一模式的操作。In some embodiments, the wearable device includes a motion sensor, and the method further involves, prior to (c), determining from information output from the motion detection sensor that the wearable fitness monitoring device has been quiet for at least the defining a period; and performing (c) in response to detecting that the wearable fitness monitoring device has been quiet for at least the defined period. In some embodiments, when not operating in the first mode prior to (a), the device: (i) detects motion of the wearable fitness monitoring device using a motion detection sensor and/or by detecting the proximity of the heart rate monitor to the user's skin by operating the heart rate monitor; and (ii) initiating the heart rate monitor when it is determined that the wearable fitness monitoring device is in close proximity to the user The first mode of operation of the monitor.
在一些实施例中，所述心率监视器在第二模式中操作不超过约50％的时间。在其它实施例中，所述百分比不超过约40％、30％、20％，或10％。In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor operates in the second mode no more than about 50% of the time. In other embodiments, the percentage does not exceed about 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10%.
在一些实施例中，在所述第二模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及：使所述心率监视器中的光源以第二模式频率脉动，且以所述所述第二模式频率检测来自所述光源的光；且在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及使所述心率监视器中的光源以第一模式频率脉动，且以所述所述第一模式频率检测来自所述光源的光。在一些实施例中，在所述第二模式中操作所述心率监视器涉及：发出具有可变强度的一连串光脉冲；以及确定对应于所述连串光脉冲的所检测光是否具有对应于所述所发射光脉冲的所述可变强度的可变响应。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode involves pulsating a light source in the heart rate monitor at a second mode frequency, and detecting signals from the heart rate monitor at the second mode frequency. and operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode involves pulsating the light source in the heart rate monitor at a first mode frequency, and detecting light from the light source of light. In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode involves: emitting a train of light pulses of variable intensity; and determining whether the detected light corresponding to the train of light pulses has an intensity corresponding to the A variable response to the variable intensity of the emitted light pulse.
一些实施例提供一种操作具有多个传感器的可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器的方法。所述方法包含：(a)使用所述运动检测传感器检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置的运动；(b)响应于在(a)中检测到所述运动，在经配置以检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置到用户的皮 肤的紧密接近度的佩戴检测模式中操作所述心率监视器；以及(c)在经由所述佩戴检测模式确定所述可佩戴健身监视装置接近于所述用户的皮肤之后，即刻在经配置以确定所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性的第一模式中操作所述心率监视器。在一些实施例中，当所述心率监视器不操作或在低功率模式中操作时，执行(a)。在一些实施例中，所述方法涉及在(a)之前：(i)在所述第一模式中操作所述心率监视器，同时还在经配置以检测所述可佩戴健身监视装置到用户的皮肤的紧密接近度的第二模式中操作；(ii)从所述第二模式中收集的信息，确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤；以及(iii)响应于确定所述心率监视器不接近于所述用户的皮肤，结束所述心率监视器在所述第一模式中的操作。Some embodiments provide a method of operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device having multiple sensors. The method includes: (a) detecting motion of the wearable fitness monitoring device using the motion detection sensor; (b) responsive to detecting the motion in (a), when configured to detect motion of the wearable fitness monitoring device; operating the heart rate monitor in a wear detection mode of close proximity of a fitness monitoring device to a user's skin; and (c) after determining via the wear detection mode that the wearable fitness monitoring device is in proximity to the user's skin , momentarily operating the heart rate monitor in a first mode configured to determine one or more characteristics of the user's heartbeat waveform. In some embodiments, (a) is performed when the heart rate monitor is not operating or operating in a low power mode. In some embodiments, the method involves prior to (a): (i) operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode while also being configured to detect the wearable fitness monitoring device to a user's operating in a second mode of close proximity to the skin; (ii) determining from information collected in the second mode that the heart rate monitor is not in close proximity to the user's skin; and (iii) responding to determining that the The heart rate monitor is not proximate to the user's skin, ending operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode.
在一些实施例中，所述心率监视器在佩戴检测模式中操作不超过约50％的时间。在其它实施例中，所述百分比不超过约40％、30％、20％，或10％。In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor operates in the wear detection mode no more than about 50% of the time. In other embodiments, the percentage does not exceed about 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10%.
在一些实施例中，在所述佩戴检测模式中操作所述心率监视器包含：从具有第二频率及/或阶段的所述心率监视器中的光源发出光脉冲；检测来自处于所述第二频率及/或阶段的所述光源的光；以及确定在所述第二频率及/或阶段下检测到的所述光是否具有指示来自所述光源的所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互的强度及/或模式。在一些实施例中，所述所发射光脉冲具有可变强度。在一些实施例中，所述所发射光脉冲包含具有可变强度的一连串光脉冲。在一些实施例中，所述连串光脉冲中的第一者具有比所述连串光脉冲中的第二者大至少5倍的强度。在一些实施例中，在约0.05到0.5mW(例如，约0.012mW)发出较低强度脉冲，且在约0.5到2mW(例如，约1.19mW)发出较高强度脉冲。在其它实施例中，可根据应用及实施方案调整强度。在一些实施例中，所述连串光脉冲包含具有在与浅色皮肤交互时提供可变响应的强度的第一组脉冲，且所述连串光脉冲还包含在与深色皮肤交互时提供可变响应的强度的第二组脉冲。In some embodiments, operating the heart rate monitor in the wear detection mode comprises: emitting light pulses from a light source in the heart rate monitor having a second frequency and/or phase; frequency and/or phase of the light from the light source; and determining whether the light detected at the second frequency and/or phase has a characteristic indicating that the light from the light source has interacted with the user's skin intensity and/or mode. In some embodiments, the emitted light pulses have variable intensity. In some embodiments, the emitted light pulses comprise a train of light pulses of variable intensity. In some embodiments, a first of the series of light pulses has an intensity that is at least 5 times greater than a second of the series of light pulses. In some embodiments, lower intensity pulses are delivered at about 0.05 to 0.5 mW (eg, about 0.012 mW), and higher intensity pulses are delivered at about 0.5 to 2 mW (eg, about 1.19 mW). In other embodiments, the intensity can be adjusted according to the application and implementation. In some embodiments, the train of light pulses includes a first set of pulses having an intensity that provides a variable response when interacting with light-colored skin, and the train of light pulses further includes providing a first set of pulses when interacting with darker-colored skin. The intensity of the variable response to the second set of pulses.
具有自动校准的心率监视器Heart rate monitor with automatic calibration
在一些实施例中，本发明提供针对不同用户特性准确测量心跳波形的方法及装置，例如用户的肤色、运动、汗液、位置，及生理状态(例如，皮肤厚度、身体脂肪，等)。图19A展示由心率监视器的光源发出的光强度与由心率监视器的光电检测器检测的信号之间的两个关系。因为颜色较深的皮肤具有光的较低反射率，因此光电检测器读数与光脉冲强度(例如，DAC)之间的关系倾向于比较白皮肤具有较低斜率。图19B描绘TIA信号的时间调制，其中调制的模式反映调节用户的毛细管系统的反射及折射的心跳。在一些实施例中，皮肤表征的信号可比第一模式的光脉冲以较高频率间歇地操作以用于心率监视。In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods and apparatus for accurately measuring heartbeat waveforms for different user characteristics, such as the user's skin color, movement, sweat, location, and physiological state (eg, skin thickness, body fat, etc.). Figure 19A shows two relationships between the light intensity emitted by the heart rate monitor's light source and the signal detected by the heart rate monitor's photodetector. Because darker skin has a lower reflectivity of light, the relationship between photodetector reading and light pulse intensity (eg, DAC) tends to have a lower slope than fairer skin. Figure 19B depicts the temporal modulation of the TIA signal, where the pattern of modulation reflects a heartbeat that modulates reflection and refraction of the user's capillary system. In some embodiments, the skin-characterized signal may be operated intermittently at a higher frequency than the first mode of light pulses for heart rate monitoring.
图19C展示用于通过调整心率监视器的光发射功率及/或光检测增益而操作可佩戴健身监视装置的心率监视器的过程的流程图。在各种实施例中，调整可由软件、固件或硬件实施。所述过程通过在皮肤表征模式中发出及检测光脉冲而开始。见框1902。在一些实施例中，用于皮肤表征模式的光脉冲可类似或等同于如图18D中所示的用于佩戴及/或未佩戴检测模式的那些光脉冲。在其它实施例中，用于皮肤表征模式的光脉冲可具有斜升的强度，如图19D中所示。在一些实施例中，用于皮肤表征模式的光脉冲与用于经配置以测量心跳波形信息的第一模式的光脉冲同相。在其它实施例中，用于皮肤表征模式的光脉冲与用于第一模式的脉冲不同相，如图19D中所示。图19D展示可用以调节心率监视器的光源强度及/或光检测增益以便准确地测量具有例如肤色等不同特性的用户的心率信号的光脉冲信号模式。19C shows a flowchart of a process for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device by adjusting the light transmit power and/or light detection gain of the heart rate monitor. In various embodiments, adjustments may be implemented by software, firmware, or hardware. The process begins by emitting and detecting light pulses in skin characterization mode. See box 1902. In some embodiments, the light pulses used for the skin characterization mode may be similar or identical to those used for the worn and/or unworn detection mode as shown in Figure 18D. In other embodiments, the light pulses for the skin characterization mode may have a ramped intensity, as shown in Figure 19D. In some embodiments, the light pulses for the skin characterization mode are in phase with the light pulses for the first mode configured to measure heartbeat waveform information. In other embodiments, the light pulses for the skin characterization mode are out of phase with the pulses for the first mode, as shown in Figure 19D. 19D shows light pulse signal patterns that can be used to adjust the light source intensity and/or light detection gain of a heart rate monitor to accurately measure heart rate signals of users with different characteristics, such as skin color.
如图19D中所描绘，可以类似于图18B中所描绘的方式的方式在用于测量心率的第一模式中施加具有恒定强度及较低频率的光脉冲用于产生脉冲。同时，各种强度的光信号的第二流可用以检测皮肤反射特性。在反射特性由心率监视器检测及确定时，可通过心率监视器调整光强度及/或检测增益，使得可由心率监视器测量最佳信号水平及模式。As depicted in Figure 19D, light pulses of constant intensity and lower frequency may be applied for pulse generation in a first mode for measuring heart rate in a manner similar to that depicted in Figure 18B. Simultaneously, a second stream of light signals of various intensities may be used to detect skin reflectance properties. When the reflectance characteristics are detected and determined by the heart rate monitor, the light intensity and/or detection gain can be adjusted by the heart rate monitor so that the optimal signal level and pattern can be measured by the heart rate monitor.
用于调整心率监视器的过程进一步涉及确定一些初始光脉冲的检测光值相对于发射光值的斜率。见框1904。在一些实施例中，针对不同斜率提供各种发射光水平，所述发射光水平提供对于具有相当斜率的皮肤条件的良好心率监视性能。所述过程接着基于所述所确定的斜率、对应的先前提供斜率及光强度选择新发射光值。见框1906。新发射光值用于操作用于心跳波形测量的第一模式。见框1908。The process for adjusting the heart rate monitor further involves determining the slope of the detected light value relative to the emitted light value for some initial light pulses. See box 1904. In some embodiments, various emitted light levels are provided for different slopes, which provide good heart rate monitoring performance for skin conditions with comparable slopes. The process then selects a new emitted light value based on the determined slope, the corresponding previously provided slope and light intensity. See box 1906. The new emitted light value is used to operate the first mode for heartbeat waveform measurement. See box 1908.
所述过程进一步涉及在皮肤表征模式中收集更多数据点(见框1910)及将数学关系拟合到所收集的更多数据点(见框1912)。可取决于针对不同皮肤特性的发射强度与检测强度之间的数据模式而应用各种数学关系。在一些实施例中，数学关系为线性的，如图19E中所示。在其它实施例中，数学关系为多项式的，如图19F中所示。在其它实施例中，可应用替代数学关系。所述过程进一步涉及应用已知会提供良好检测读数的预设检测光值(例如，光强度或功率)到所述拟合关系以获得对应发射光值。所述过程接着涉及以对应于所述预设检测光值的所获得发射光值发出光以用于在第一模式中操作心率监视器。见框1914。在一些实施例中，在以所获得值发出光之后，校准过程结束。见框1916。在其它实施例中，校准过程可持续且动态地调整发射光强度。在一些实施例中，校准过程可调整光电检测器的增益。The process further involves collecting more data points in the skin characterization mode (see block 1910) and fitting a mathematical relationship to the collected further data points (see block 1912). Various mathematical relationships may be applied depending on the data pattern between emitted and detected intensities for different skin characteristics. In some embodiments, the mathematical relationship is linear, as shown in Figure 19E. In other embodiments, the mathematical relationship is polynomial, as shown in Figure 19F. In other embodiments, alternative mathematical relationships may apply. The process further involves applying a preset detected light value (eg, light intensity or power) known to provide a good detection reading to the fitted relationship to obtain a corresponding emitted light value. The process then involves emitting light at the obtained emitted light value corresponding to the preset detected light value for operating the heart rate monitor in the first mode. See box 1914. In some embodiments, after emitting light at the obtained value, the calibration process ends. See box 1916. In other embodiments, the calibration process continuously and dynamically adjusts the emitted light intensity. In some embodiments, the calibration process may adjust the gain of the photodetector.
一些实施例提供一种用于调整用于操作可佩戴健身监视装置中的心率监视器的至少一个设定的方法。所述方法涉及：(a)在皮肤表征模式中通过发出一连串光脉冲而使所述心脏监视器中的光源脉动，所述光脉冲至少一些具有相对于彼此的可变强度；(b)检测在所述光已与所述用户的皮肤交互之后来自在所述皮肤表征模式中发出的所述光脉冲的光的强度变化；(c)从(b)中检测到的光的所述强度变化确定所述用户的皮肤的响应特性；以及(d)使用所述用户的皮肤的所述响应特性调整在用于检测所述用户的心跳波形的一或多个特性的第一模式中操作的所述心率监视器的增益及/或光发射强度。Some embodiments provide a method for adjusting at least one setting for operating a heart rate monitor in a wearable fitness monitoring device. The method involves: (a) pulsating a light source in the heart monitor in a skin characterization mode by emitting a series of light pulses, at least some of which have variable intensities relative to each other; (b) detecting a change in intensity of light from said light pulse emitted in said skin characterization mode after said light has interacted with said user's skin; (c) determining from said change in intensity of light detected in (b) a response characteristic of the user's skin; and (d) using the response characteristic of the user's skin to adjust the Gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor.
在一些实施例中，所述响应特性取决于所述用户的皮肤的不透明度。在一些实施例中，在第一模式操作与在皮肤表征模式中操作是同时执行。在一些实施例中，同时在所述第一模式中操作及在所述皮肤表征模式中操作涉及周期性地确定所述用户的皮肤的响应特性，同时持续地在所述第一模式中操作。在一些实施例中，在所述皮肤表征模式中操作的出现时间不超过约50％，例如，不超过约40％的时间，或不超过约30％的时间、不超过约20％的时间、不超过约10％的时间、不超过约5％的时间。In some embodiments, the response characteristic is dependent on the opacity of the user's skin. In some embodiments, operating in the first mode is performed concurrently with operating in the skin characterization mode. In some embodiments, simultaneously operating in the first mode and operating in the skin characterization mode involves periodically determining a response characteristic of the user's skin while continuously operating in the first mode. In some embodiments, operations in said skin characterization mode occur no more than about 50% of the time, e.g., no more than about 40% of the time, or no more than about 30% of the time, no more than about 20% of the time, Not more than about 10% of the time, not more than about 5% of the time.
在一些实施例中，在第一模式中操作涉及使心率监视器中的光源以第一频率脉动，以及在所述光已与用户的皮肤交互之后以所述第一频率检测来自所述光源的光。此外，在所述皮肤表征模式中操作涉及使所述心率监视器中的所述光源以第二频率脉动，以及以所述第二频率检测来自所述光源的光。In some embodiments, operating in the first mode involves pulsating a light source in the heart rate monitor at a first frequency, and detecting light from the light source at the first frequency after the light has interacted with the user's skin. Light. Additionally, operating in the skin characterization mode involves pulsing the light source in the heart rate monitor at a second frequency, and detecting light from the light source at the second frequency.
存在本文中描述及说明的许多概念及实施例。尽管已在本文中描述及说明某些实施例、特征、属性及优点，但应理解，从描述及说明显而易见许多其它以及不同及/或类似的实施例、特征、属性及优点。由此，以上实施例仅作为实例而提供。其并不既定为详尽的或将本发明限于所揭示的精确形式、技术、材料及/或配置。根据本发明，许多修改及变化是可能的。应理解，可利用其它实施例，且可在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下作出操作改变。由此，本发明的范围并不仅限于以上描述，因为已出于说明及描述的目的而呈现以上实施例的描述。There are many concepts and embodiments described and illustrated herein. Although certain embodiments, features, attributes and advantages have been described and illustrated herein, it is to be understood that many other and different and/or similar embodiments, features, attributes and advantages are apparent from the description and illustration. Accordingly, the above embodiments are provided as examples only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms, techniques, materials and/or configurations disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in accordance with the invention. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and operational changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description, since the description of the above embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description.
重要的是，本发明既不限于任何单个方面或实施例，也不限于此些方面及/或实施例的任何组合及/或排列。此外，可单独地或结合其它方面及/或本发明的实施例中的一或多者而使用本发明的方面及/或其实施例中的每一者。出于简洁起见，将不在本文中单独地论述及/或说明那些排列及组合中的许多者。Importantly, the present invention is neither limited to any single aspect or embodiment, nor to any combination and/or permutation of such aspects and/or embodiments. Furthermore, each of the aspects of the invention and/or embodiments thereof may be used alone or in combination with one or more of the other aspects and/or embodiments of the invention. For the sake of brevity, many of those permutations and combinations will not be individually discussed and/or illustrated herein.
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| CN201410243169.XAActiveCN104207755B (en) | 2013-06-03 | 2014-06-03 | Wearable heart rate monitor |
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| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder | Address after:California, USA Patentee after:Feibit Co.,Ltd. Address before:California, USA Patentee before:FITBIT, Inc. |