技术领域technical field
本发明通常涉及使用位于雨水沟内部的传感器来监控雨水沟中的环境条件的系统和方法。本发明也涉及系统的用途。The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for monitoring environmental conditions in storm gutters using sensors located inside storm gutters. The invention also relates to the use of the system.
背景技术Background technique
雨水也被称为城市径流，是来自不同类型表面的雨水、融化的雪或冰、洗涤水或相似物的地表径流。这样的表面可以是停车场、人行道、屋顶和类似的表面，有时被称为不透水表面。从这样的表面流出的水往往被诸如汽油、油、重金属、垃圾、化肥、农药和其它污染物污染。在下雨和雪融化期间的过程中，这些表面将污染的雨水运送到雨水沟。雨水沟通常连接到用于排入接收地表水的排水系统，诸如运河、河流、湖泊、水库、大海、海洋或其它地表水，无论排放前是否对雨水进行处理。Stormwater, also known as urban runoff, is the surface runoff of rainwater from different types of surfaces, melting snow or ice, washwater, or similar. Such surfaces can be parking lots, sidewalks, roofs and similar surfaces, sometimes called impervious surfaces. Water running off such surfaces is often contaminated with pollutants such as gasoline, oil, heavy metals, garbage, fertilizers, pesticides and other pollutants. During the course of rain and snowmelt, these surfaces transport polluted stormwater to storm drains. A storm sewer is usually connected to a drainage system for discharge into receiving surface water, such as a canal, river, lake, reservoir, sea, ocean, or other surface water, whether or not the stormwater is treated prior to discharge.
雨水沟通常包括具有诸如水平栅式入口或侧向入口的入口的垂直管道，其被连接到排水系统。这样的雨水沟可以包括集水池，也被称为集水坑或雨水井，用于捕捉小物体，诸如沉淀物、沙子、砾石、卵石、树枝、垃圾和相似物。集水池充当满水陷阱，用于捕捉物体和避免这样的物体进入随后的排水系统。这样的集水池也避免来自排水系统的气体漏出。通常，从集水池的顶部出来的雨水排入随后的排水系统。Storm sewers often include vertical pipes with inlets, such as horizontal grate inlets or side inlets, that are connected to a drainage system. Such storm gutters may include catch basins, also known as sumps or storm wells, for catching small objects such as sediment, sand, gravel, pebbles, twigs, trash, and the like. The sump acts as a flood trap for catching objects and preventing such objects from entering the subsequent drainage system. Such a sump also avoids the escape of gas from the drainage system. Typically, rainwater from the top of the sump drains into a subsequent drainage system.
减少到达各种水道或地表水的污染物、外来杂质和相似物的数量的要求在全球不断增长。在减少到达有关的水道的污染物的量的努力中，不同的策略可被采用。例如，当雨水进入雨水沟或当雨水驻留在雨水沟内时，雨水可以被过滤，以便减少雨水中污染物的数量。另一个策略将雨水引导到净化装置，在此净化装置处雨水通常使用不同的机械和化学净化步骤被净化。再一种策略将在雨水沟内过滤雨水，并随后将雨水引导至净化装置为了第二次随后的清洗。The need to reduce the amount of pollutants, foreign matter and the like reaching various water courses or surface waters continues to grow globally. In an effort to reduce the amount of pollutants reaching the waterways concerned, different strategies can be employed. For example, as rainwater enters storm gutters or as it resides within stormwater gutters, stormwater may be filtered in order to reduce the amount of pollutants in the stormwater. Another strategy directs the rainwater to a purification plant where it is usually purified using different mechanical and chemical purification steps. Yet another strategy would be to filter the rainwater in the gutter and then direct the rainwater to a purification plant for a second subsequent wash.
不管用于减少有关雨水中的污染物数量的策略，存在能够监控用于接收雨水的雨水沟中发生什么的需要。Regardless of the strategies used to reduce the amount of contaminants in the storm water involved, there is a need to be able to monitor what is happening in the storm gutters used to receive the storm water.
例如，污染物突然排放到雨水沟中可以损害驻留在雨水沟内的过滤设备。如果受到突然和/或大量的污染物的排放，连接到相关雨水沟的净化装置也可以被损害。For example, a sudden discharge of pollutants into a storm drain can damage filtration equipment residing within the storm drain. Purification devices connected to associated storm drains may also be compromised if subjected to sudden and/or large discharges of pollutants.
相似地，任何污染物突然排放到雨水沟可以导致驻留在雨水沟中的过滤器的容量不足，因此允许污染的雨水在未被过滤或至少不符合要求地过滤时离开雨水沟。Similarly, any sudden discharge of pollutants into the storm gutter can lead to insufficient capacity of the filter residing in the storm gutter, thus allowing polluted stormwater to exit the storm gutter unfiltered, or at least unsatisfactory filtered.
另一个问题是，随着驻留在雨水沟中的过滤器开始与污染物、出现在雨水中的其它物体或物质一起变得饱和，过滤器的效率变得下降。随着过滤器变得饱和，过滤器的渗流能力也变得下降。随着过滤器的渗流能力下降，雨水沟的功能可以被影响，因为由于过滤器下降的渗流能力，雨水沟在每个单位时间不再能够接收雨水的要求量。不充分的渗流能力的这个情况可以导致污染物的泛滥或不希望的排放，因为雨水沟不再能够接收雨水的要求量。Another problem is that as the filter residing in the storm gutter begins to become saturated with pollutants, other objects or substances present in the storm water, the efficiency of the filter becomes reduced. As the filter becomes saturated, the permeation capacity of the filter also becomes reduced. As the seepage capacity of the filter decreases, the function of the storm gutter can be affected, because due to the reduced seepage capacity of the filter, the storm gutter can no longer receive the required amount of rainwater per unit of time. This condition of insufficient seepage capacity can lead to flooding or undesired discharge of pollutants because the storm gutter is no longer able to receive the required amount of stormwater.
在各种环境下，雨水沟可以变得阻塞或堵塞，导致没有或者几乎没有雨水可以进入雨水沟。在这种条件下，雨水沟原则上是失效的，因为它的接收雨水的能力被显著地降低或几乎不存在。同样阻塞或堵塞的雨水沟可以导致污染物的泛滥或不希望的排放。Under various circumstances, storm gutters can become clogged or clogged, resulting in little or no rainwater being able to enter the storm gutters. Under such conditions, the storm gutter is in principle ineffective, since its ability to receive rainwater is significantly reduced or almost non-existent. Likewise clogged or clogged storm gutters can lead to flooding or unwanted discharge of pollutants.
为了避免上面问题，雨水沟和驻留在雨水沟中的过滤器通常定期被检查以及清空外来物体和物质。例如，雨水沟可以被检查并且它的集水池通过真空油槽车一年清空一次。这个程序也不过只是一年一次确保了雨水沟或过滤器工作正常，如：不被堵塞、阻塞或损坏。这意味着在实践中，在最极端的情况下，它可能需要一年来检测到雨水沟或过滤器出现故障。In order to avoid the above problems, storm gutters and filters residing in the storm gutters are usually regularly inspected and emptied of foreign objects and substances. For example, a storm gutter can be inspected and its sump emptied by vacuum truck once a year. This procedure is only once a year to ensure that the storm gutter or filter is working properly, i.e. not clogged, clogged or damaged. This means that in practice, in the most extreme cases, it could take a year to detect a storm drain or filter failure.
由于自然原因，以更短的间隔去监控雨水沟或驻留在其中的过滤器的功能是耗时的和昂贵的过程。For natural reasons, monitoring the function of storm gutters or filters residing therein at shorter intervals is a time consuming and expensive process.
因此，需要有一种用于监控雨水沟中的环境条件的改进的系统和方法。Accordingly, there is a need for an improved system and method for monitoring environmental conditions in storm drains.
发明内容Contents of the invention
根据本发明的第一方面，以上所述通过用于监控雨水沟中的环境条件的系统至少部分地被缓解，系统包括：含有过滤设备的雨水沟，过滤设备包括过滤单元和用于承载过滤单元的浮动载体；用于确定雨水沟中环境条件并布置在雨水沟中的至少一个传感器，该至少一个传感器被布置为与子节点通信，用于将关于雨水沟中的确定的环境条件的数据传送到子节点；布置为与主节点通信的子节点，用于将关于雨水沟中的确定的环境条件的数据传送到主节点；被布置为处理接收的数据的主节点，以便监控水沟中的环境条件。According to a first aspect of the present invention, the foregoing is at least partly alleviated by a system for monitoring environmental conditions in a storm gutter, the system comprising: a storm gutter containing a filter device comprising a filter unit and a system for carrying the filter unit A floating carrier; for determining the environmental conditions in the rain gutter and at least one sensor arranged in the rain gutter, the at least one sensor is arranged to communicate with the sub-node for transmitting data about the determined environmental conditions in the rain gutter to a sub-node; a sub-node arranged to communicate with a master node for transmitting data about determined environmental conditions in storm gutters to the master node; a master node arranged to process received data in order to monitor rain gutters environmental conditions.
通过本发明能够监控雨水沟中的环境条件，即监控雨水沟中的物理量、物质或相似物的存在。为了这样做，一个或多个传感器被布置在雨水沟内。By means of the invention it is possible to monitor the environmental conditions in the storm drain, ie to monitor the presence of physical quantities, substances or the like in the storm drain. In order to do this, one or more sensors are arranged in the storm gutter.
“传感器”是指能够感测雨水沟中任何种类的环境的任何类型设备或实体。传感器可以例如被配置为确定或感测诸如在雨水沟中的温度或湿度的物理量，但也可以被配置为确定诸如雨水沟中物质的存在。相似地，传感器可以被配置为确定诸如压力或流量。因此，取决于什么将被确定，不同类型的传感器可以被采用。"Sensor" refers to any type of device or entity capable of sensing any kind of environment in a storm gutter. The sensor may eg be configured to determine or sense a physical quantity such as temperature or humidity in a storm gutter, but may also be configured to determine eg the presence of a substance in a storm gutter. Similarly, sensors may be configured to determine, for example, pressure or flow. Thus, different types of sensors may be employed depending on what is to be determined.
雨水沟中的传感器或多个传感器被布置为与子节点通信或与子节点连接。通过将传感器布置为与子节点通信，由传感器确定的关于条件的信息可以被传送到子节点。The sensor or sensors in the gutter are arranged to communicate with or be connected to the sub-node. By arranging the sensors to communicate with the child nodes, information about conditions determined by the sensors may be communicated to the child nodes.
应当注意的是，本申请的上下文中的词语“被布置为与……通信”将被解释为在实体之间能够传输数据的任何类型连接的意思。连接可以是物理电连接，例如通过导电线的方式实现。连接可以选择性地作为基于射频通信或任何其它合适的无线技术的任何类型的无线连接，诸如光学连接、声学连接、感应连接等等。It should be noted that the expression "arranged to communicate with" in the context of this application is to be interpreted as meaning any type of connection between entities capable of transferring data. The connection may be a physical electrical connection, for example by means of conductive wires. The connection may alternatively be any type of wireless connection based on radio frequency communication or any other suitable wireless technology, such as an optical connection, an acoustic connection, an inductive connection or the like.
用词“子节点”将被解释为能够从传感器接收数据以及传输数据到诸如主节点的第二实体的任何设备或实体。而且，子节点可以采用处理从传感器接收的数据的能力。例如，子节点可以将数据从模拟格式转换为数字格式或反之亦然。子节点还可以压缩、调制、加密或者以任何其他方式改变从传感器接收的数据。The word "sub-node" shall be interpreted as any device or entity capable of receiving data from a sensor and transmitting data to a second entity such as a master node. Also, child nodes may employ capabilities to process data received from sensors. For example, a child node can convert data from analog to digital format or vice versa. Subnodes can also compress, modulate, encrypt, or in any other way alter the data received from the sensors.
“数据”意味着任何信息的表示，模拟的或数字的。而且，数据可以基于所讨论的实际应用的需要以任何其它方式被压缩、调制、加密或修改。"Data" means any representation of information, analog or digital. Also, the data may be compressed, modulated, encrypted or modified in any other manner based on the requirements of the practical application in question.
用词“主节点”被解释为能够从诸如传感器或子节点的第二实体接收数据的任何设备，主节点已经被布置为与第二实体通信。而且，主节点可以采用处理接收的数据的能力，例如为了监控雨水沟中的环境条件。因为那个原因，主节点可以与中央处理单元CPU或类似物一起被使用。主节点的CPU可以运行多个程序中的一个，用于例如监控雨水沟中的环境条件。主节点可以将数据从模拟格式转换为数字格式或反之亦然。主节点也可以压缩、调制、加密或以任何其它方式改变接收的数据。主节点还可以包括存储功能，诸如硬盘驱动器、存储卡或任何其它类型的能够存储数据的易失性或非易失性存储器。The wording "master node" is to be interpreted as any device capable of receiving data from a second entity, such as a sensor or a sub-node, with which the master node has been arranged to communicate. Furthermore, the master node may employ the ability to process received data, for example in order to monitor environmental conditions in storm gutters. For that reason, master nodes may be used with a central processing unit CPU or similar. The master node's CPU can run one of several programs, for example, to monitor environmental conditions in storm gutters. Master nodes can convert data from analog to digital format or vice versa. Master nodes may also compress, modulate, encrypt, or otherwise alter received data. A master node may also include storage functionality, such as a hard drive, memory card, or any other type of volatile or non-volatile memory capable of storing data.
至少一个传感器可以被布置为通过射频连接与子节点通信。通过将传感器布置为借助于射频连接与子节点通信，子节点和传感器可以彼此远离定位，不需要在传感器和子节点之间安装任何物理连接。而且，射频连接的使用不需要在传感器和子节点之间的视线。因此射频连接的使用的优点在于安装变得容易，并且同时对传感器和子节点的相对定位不敏感。At least one sensor may be arranged to communicate with the child node via a radio frequency connection. By arranging the sensor to communicate with the sub-node by means of a radio frequency connection, the sub-node and the sensor can be located remotely from each other without requiring any physical connection to be installed between the sensor and the sub-node. Also, the use of radio frequency connections does not require line of sight between the sensor and the sub-node. The use of radio frequency connections thus has the advantage that installation is facilitated and at the same time insensitive to the relative positioning of sensors and subnodes.
至少一个传感器可以被布置在过滤设备的过滤单元上、过滤设备的浮动载体上、或雨水沟中与过滤设备分离的位置上。这个优点在于传感器的位置可以根据需要被改变。通过将传感器布置在过滤设备的过滤单元上，关于过滤单元的物理量可以被测量，因为传感器与过滤单元相接触。除了以上所述，当更换过滤单元时，传感器可以容易地被更换或检查。相似地，通过将传感器布置在浮动载体上，关于浮动载体或其漂浮在其中的雨水的物理量可以被测量。而且，当更换或检查浮动载体时，传感器可以被更换或检查。除了以上所述，传感器可以被布置在雨水沟中任何其它位置上，诸如存在于集水池中的雨水中，或过滤设备之上的充气垂直管中。由于自然原因，所讨论的传感器的布置将取决于将被测量的条件，意味着传感器可以为特殊的应用被布置在雨水沟中有利的位置上。At least one sensor may be arranged on a filter unit of the filter device, on a floating carrier of the filter device, or at a location in a rain gutter separate from the filter device. This has the advantage that the position of the sensor can be changed as required. By arranging the sensor on the filter unit of the filter device, physical quantities related to the filter unit can be measured since the sensor is in contact with the filter unit. In addition to the above, the sensor can be easily replaced or inspected when replacing the filter unit. Similarly, by arranging sensors on the floating carrier, physical quantities related to the floating carrier or the rainwater in which it floats can be measured. Also, the sensor can be replaced or inspected when the floating carrier is replaced or inspected. In addition to the above, the sensor may be placed at any other location in the storm gutter, such as in the rainwater present in a sump, or in an aerated vertical pipe above a filtering device. For natural reasons, the arrangement of the sensors in question will depend on the conditions to be measured, meaning that the sensors can be arranged at favorable positions in the storm gutter for a particular application.
至少一个传感器可以从如下构成组中选择：压力传感器、流量传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、光传感器、气体传感器、二氧化碳传感器、加速度传感器、烃类传感器、电场分布的传感器和电场穿透传感器。这个优点在于适合于目前需要的传感器可以被选择。The at least one sensor may be selected from the group consisting of: pressure sensor, flow sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor, gas sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, acceleration sensor, hydrocarbon sensor, sensor of electric field distribution and electric field penetration sensor. This has the advantage that a sensor suitable for the present needs can be selected.
子节点可以被布置为借助于射频连接与主节点通信。如上讨论，射频连接展示了多个优点。The child nodes may be arranged to communicate with the master node by means of a radio frequency connection. As discussed above, radio frequency connections exhibit several advantages.
主节点可以被布置为与布置在雨水沟外面的至少一个外部传感器通信，用于确定雨水沟外面的环境条件，通信是直接从雨水沟外面的外部传感器到主节点或者借助于子节点间接地到主节点。通过布置雨水沟外面的外部传感器，雨水沟外面的环境条件可以被确定。通过确定雨水沟外面的环境条件，关于雨水沟外部条件的结论可以被得出，诸如天气、温度、光条件或降水。得出的结论然后可以被用作监控雨水沟中环境条件的基础。而且，通过将雨水沟外面的外部传感器布置为或者直接地或者借助于子节点间接地与主节点通信，来自雨水沟外面的外部传感器的数据可以被传送到主节点，在主节点处它可以例如被存储、处理或进一步传送。The master node may be arranged to communicate with at least one external sensor arranged outside the storm gutter for determining environmental conditions outside the storm gutter, the communication being directly from the external sensor outside the storm gutter to the master node or indirectly by means of a child node to master node. By arranging external sensors outside the storm gutter, the environmental conditions outside the storm gutter can be determined. By determining the environmental conditions outside the storm gutter, conclusions can be drawn about the conditions outside the storm gutter, such as weather, temperature, light conditions or precipitation. The conclusions drawn can then be used as a basis for monitoring environmental conditions in storm gutters. Also, by arranging the external sensors outside the storm gutters to communicate with the master node either directly or indirectly by means of a subnode, data from the external sensors outside the storm gutters can be communicated to the master node where it can e.g. are stored, processed or transmitted further.
布置在雨水沟外面的至少一个外部传感器可以从如下构成组中选择：温度传感器、氧传感器、二氧化碳传感器、湿度传感器、光传感器、加速度传感器和燃烧气体传感器。这个优点在于适合于目前的需要的传感器可以被选择。The at least one external sensor arranged outside the gutter may be selected from the group consisting of a temperature sensor, an oxygen sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor, an acceleration sensor and a combustion gas sensor. This has the advantage that a sensor suitable for the needs at hand can be selected.
主节点可以布置为与至少一个远程资源通信，其优点在于主节点可以与远程资源通信，以及传输数据给远程资源和/或从远程资源接收数据。The master node may be arranged to communicate with at least one remote resource, which has the advantage that the master node may communicate with the remote resource and transmit data to and/or receive data from the remote resource.
用词“远程资源”被解释为主节点可以与之通信的任何远程定位的资源。远程资源可以例如是远离主节点定位的服务器或多个服务器。而且，远程资源可以是由从主节点传输的数据更新或补充的数据库。类似的，远程资源可以是主节点可以从中检索数据的数据库。同样地，远程资源可以是由从主节点传输的数据更新或补充的数据库并且主节点还可以从数据库中检索数据。而且，远程资源可以是用来监控和管理一个或多个上述类型的系统的资产管理系统。此外，远程资源可以是用来监控和管理一个或多个上述类型的系统的地理信息系统GIS或数字地图。远程资源也可以是移动设备，诸如移动电话、寻呼机或相似物。远程资源可以包括多个相同类型的资源或不同类型的资源的混合。The term "remote resource" is to be interpreted as any remotely located resource with which a master node can communicate. A remote resource may, for example, be a server or servers located remotely from the master node. Also, the remote resource may be a database updated or supplemented by data transmitted from the master node. Similarly, a remote resource could be a database from which the master node can retrieve data. Likewise, the remote resource may be a database updated or supplemented by data transmitted from the master node and the master node may also retrieve data from the database. Also, the remote resource may be an asset management system used to monitor and manage one or more systems of the types described above. Additionally, the remote resource may be a geographic information system (GIS) or digital map used to monitor and manage one or more of the above types of systems. A remote resource may also be a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, pager, or the like. Remote resources can include multiple resources of the same type or a mix of resources of different types.
很明显，由于自然的原因，远程资源可以具有根据特定应用的需要的各种功能。Obviously, for natural reasons, remote resources can have various functions according to the needs of a particular application.
主节点可以布置为借助于射频连接与至少一个远程资源通信。如上讨论，射频连接展示了多个优点。The master node may be arranged to communicate with at least one remote resource by means of a radio frequency connection. As discussed above, radio frequency connections exhibit several advantages.
根据本发明的第二个方面，提供了用于监控雨水沟中环境条件的方法，方法包括：提供包含过滤设备的雨水沟，过滤设备包括过滤单元和用于承载过滤单元的浮动载体；将至少一个传感器布置在雨水沟中，使用至少一个传感器确定雨水沟中的环境条件；将至少一个传感器布置为与子节点通信；将关于雨水沟中确定的环境条件的数据从至少一个传感器发送到子节点；将子节点布置为与主节点通信；将关于雨水沟中确定的环境条件的数据从子节点发送到主节点；将主节点布置为处理接收的数据以便监控雨水沟中的环境条件。通常，本发明的这个第二方面的特征如上讨论提供了相对于本发明的第一方面的相似优点。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for monitoring environmental conditions in a rain gutter, the method comprising: providing a rain gutter comprising a filter device, the filter device comprising a filter unit and a floating carrier for carrying the filter unit; A sensor is arranged in the storm gutter, using at least one sensor to determine an environmental condition in the storm gutter; arranging the at least one sensor to communicate with the child node; sending data about the determined environmental condition in the storm gutter from the at least one sensor to the child node ; arranging the child node to communicate with the master node; sending data from the child node to the master node about determined environmental conditions in the storm gutter; arranging the master node to process the received data in order to monitor the environmental condition in the storm gutter. In general, the features of this second aspect of the invention, as discussed above, provide similar advantages over the first aspect of the invention.
本方法还可以包括：将至少一个外部传感器布置在雨水沟外面；确定雨水沟外面的环境条件；以及将布置在雨水沟外面的至少一个外部传感器布置为与主节点通信，通信是直接从雨水沟外面的外部传感器到主节点或者借助于子节点间接地到主节点。The method may further comprise: arranging at least one external sensor outside the storm gutter; determining environmental conditions outside the storm gutter; and arranging the at least one external sensor arranged outside the storm gutter to communicate with the master node directly from the storm gutter External external sensors to the master node or indirectly to the master node by means of child nodes.
本方法还可以包括将主节点布置为与至少一个远程资源通信。The method may also include arranging the master node to communicate with at least one remote resource.
本方法还可以包括：提供至少一个包含过滤设备的附加雨水沟，过滤设备包括过滤单元和用于承载过滤单元的浮动载体；将至少一个附加传感器布置在至少一个附加雨水沟中；使用至少一个附加传感器确定至少一个附加雨水沟中的环境条件；将至少一个附加传感器布置为与附加子节点通信；将关于至少一个附加雨水沟中确定的环境条件的数据从至少一个附加传感器发送到附加子节点；将附加子节点布置为与主节点通信；将关于至少一个附加雨水沟中确定的环境条件的数据从子节点发送到主节点；将关于雨水沟外部的确定的环境条件的数据从布置在雨水沟外部的至少一个外部传感器发送到主节点；基于雨水外部的确定的环境条件，借助于主节点确定用于雨水沟中的确定的环境条件的预期范围和用于至少一个附加雨水沟中的确定的环境条件的预期范围；借助于主节点分别比较雨水沟中的确定的环境条件和至少一个附加雨水沟中的确定的环境条件与预期范围；如果雨水沟中确定的环境条件或至少一个附加雨水沟中确定的环境条件被确定为分别不包括在预期范围内，则借助于主节点产生信号，其中信号至少指示出哪个雨水沟具有不包括在其预期范围中的确定的环境条件。The method may also include: providing at least one additional storm gutter containing a filter device, the filter device including a filter unit and a floating carrier for carrying the filter unit; arranging at least one additional sensor in the at least one additional storm gutter; using at least one additional The sensor determines an environmental condition in the at least one additional storm gutter; the at least one additional sensor is arranged to communicate with the additional sub-node; and data about the determined environmental condition in the at least one additional storm gutter is sent from the at least one additional sensor to the additional sub-node; Arranging the additional child node to communicate with the master node; sending data about determined environmental conditions in at least one additional storm gutter from the child node to the master node; sending data about determined environmental conditions outside the storm gutter from the arranged storm gutter At least one external sensor outside is sent to the master node; based on the determined environmental condition outside the rainwater, by means of the master node, the expected range for the determined environmental condition in the rain gutter and the determined range for the determined environmental condition in the at least one additional rain gutter are determined Expected range of environmental conditions; by means of the master node the determined environmental conditions in the storm drain and the determined environmental conditions in the at least one additional storm drain are respectively compared with the expected range; if the determined environmental conditions in the storm drain or at least one additional storm drain If the determined ambient conditions are determined to be respectively not included in the expected range, a signal is generated by means of the master node, wherein the signal indicates at least which storm gutter has the determined environmental conditions which are not included in its expected range.
通过提供至少一个附加雨水沟，并与最初的雨水沟一样监控附加雨水沟中的环境条件，多个雨水沟可以被同时地监控。By providing at least one additional storm drain, and monitoring the environmental conditions in the additional storm drain as in the original storm drain, multiple storm drains can be monitored simultaneously.
此外，通过确定雨水沟外部的环境条件，可以得出关于雨水沟外部的环境的结论。Furthermore, by determining the environmental conditions outside the storm gutter, conclusions can be drawn about the environment outside the storm gutter.
例如，检测当前的天气和任何降水是可能的，例如，下雨。因此，如果雨水的流动在下雨的区域的雨水沟中被确定和监控到，可以预期的是雨水的流动在下雨过程中在雨水沟中是可检测的。鉴于此，如果例如雨水沟是堵塞的或阻塞的或者仅具有下降的渗流能力，则通过比较雨水沟的确定流动与由主节点确定的期望流动范围，因此检测是可能的。For example, it is possible to detect the current weather and any precipitation, eg, rain. Therefore, if the flow of rainwater is determined and monitored in storm gutters in areas where it is raining, it can be expected that the flow of rainwater will be detectable in the gutters during rain. In view of this, detection is thus possible by comparing the determined flow of the gully with the expected flow range determined by the master node, if for example the gully is clogged or blocked or has only a reduced seepage capacity.
相似地，如果当没有下雨的时候在雨水沟中检测到流动，那么也可能检测到水或任何其它液体的局部渗漏。Similarly, if flow is detected in a storm gutter when it is not raining, a localized leakage of water or any other liquid may also be detected.
因此能够借助于主节点产生信号以表明雨水沟的潜在故障或污染物的更坏排放。信号可以包括表明已成问题的雨水沟的数据。信号也可以包括附加信息，诸如与之相关的环境信息已经被用来检测潜在故障的信息、对于已成问题的环境条件的确定数值或者任何其它合适的信息。A signal can thus be generated by means of the master node indicating a potential failure of the storm gutter or a worse discharge of pollutants. Signals may include data indicating problematic storm gutters. The signal may also include additional information, such as information related to which environmental information has been used to detect potential faults, determined values for problematic environmental conditions, or any other suitable information.
方法还可以包括：在主节点中存储信号或将信号从主节点发送到至少一个远程资源。这个优点在于信号根据请求可以被读出或者被发送到远程资源。通过将信号发送到远程资源，潜在故障的更快检测可以被获得。The method may also include storing the signal in the master node or sending the signal from the master node to at least one remote resource. This has the advantage that signals can be read or sent to remote resources on request. By sending the signal to a remote resource, faster detection of potential failures can be obtained.
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供用于监控雨水沟中的环境条件的上述系统的用途。According to another aspect of the invention there is provided use of the above system for monitoring environmental conditions in storm gutters.
当学习了所附权利要求和下面的说明书，本发明的进一步特征和优点将变得明显。本领域技术人员将意识到在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下本发明的不同特征可以被合并以创建出不同于那些下面描述的实施方式。Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent when studying the appended claims and the following specification. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that different features of the present invention may be combined to create embodiments other than those described below without departing from the scope of the invention.
附图简述Brief description of the drawings
通过下面详细描述和附图将会容易地理解本发明的方面，包括一些它的特定特征和优点，其中：Aspects of the invention, including some of its specific features and advantages, will be readily understood from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which:
图1是根据本发明的实施方式的系统的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the invention.
图2是根据本发明的实施方式的方法的示意流程图。Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
参照以下附图本发明现在将被更充分地描述，其中本发明的当前优选的实施方式被示出。然而，本发明可以体现为很多不同形式并且不应该被解释为限制成本文阐述的实施方式。更确切些，这些实施方式被充分和完整地提供，并且向技术人员充分地传达了本发明的范围。相似的参考符号始终指代相同的元素。The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the following drawings, in which presently preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. However, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sufficiently and completely, and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like reference signs refer to the same elements throughout.
现在参照附图和图1，概念性地绘出了用于监控一个或多个雨水沟102、104中的一个或多个环境条件的系统100。每个雨水沟102、104可以与传感器106、108、110、112、114一起被采用，在每个雨水沟102、104中一个或多个环境条件将被监控。更进一步地，每个雨水沟102、104可以与子节点116、118一起被采用。在图1中，两个雨水沟102、104被示出，然而应该被理解的是，更多未示出的雨水沟和因此更多未示出的传感器以及更多未示出的子节点可以使用在系统100中。此外，图1中所示的传感器和子节点配置只是举例配置。因此，应该理解的是两个或更多雨水沟102、104可以具有相同的传感器配置和相同的子节点配置。此外，当多个雨水沟102、104被使用在系统100中时，雨水沟102、104中的一些可以具有相同的传感器和/或子节点配置，但是在同时，其它雨水沟102、104可以具有不同的传感器和/或子节点配置。Referring now to the drawings and FIG. 1 , a system 100 for monitoring one or more environmental conditions in one or more storm gutters 102 , 104 is conceptually depicted. Each storm gutter 102, 104 may be employed with a sensor 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 in which one or more environmental conditions are to be monitored. Still further, each gutter 102 , 104 may be employed with a child node 116 , 118 . In Fig. 1, two storm gutters 102, 104 are shown, however it should be understood that more not shown storm gutters and thus more not shown sensors and further not shown subnodes may Used in system 100. In addition, the sensor and sub-node configurations shown in FIG. 1 are just example configurations. Accordingly, it should be understood that two or more storm gutters 102, 104 may have the same sensor configuration and the same sub-node configuration. Additionally, when multiple storm gutters 102, 104 are used in the system 100, some of the storm gutters 102, 104 may have the same sensor and/or sub-node configuration, but at the same time, other storm gutters 102, 104 may have Different sensor and/or subnode configurations.
主节点120可以安装在将被监控的雨水沟102、104外面的高位上。此外，外部传感器122、124被连接到主节点。The master node 120 may be mounted on an elevated position outside the storm gutters 102, 104 to be monitored. Furthermore, external sensors 122, 124 are connected to the master node.
主节点120转而可以通过移动通信系统128或相似物的数据通道被连接到远程资源126、127。从主节点120到远程资源126、127的连接可以直接借助于例如射频连接和/或可以使用其它合适的通信，诸如局域网、LAN、广域网、WAN、互联网或相似物。应该被理解的是包括一个的许多远程资源126、127可以被使用在系统100中。同样，应该被理解的是任何合适的数据通道可以被用来将主节点120连接到远程资源126、127。The master node 120 may in turn be connected to remote resources 126, 127 via a data channel of a mobile communication system 128 or similar. The connection from the master node 120 to the remote resources 126, 127 may be directly by means of eg a radio frequency connection and/or other suitable communication may be used such as a local area network, LAN, wide area network, WAN, Internet or the like. It should be understood that any number of remote resources 126 , 127 may be used in system 100 , including one. Likewise, it should be understood that any suitable data channel may be used to connect the master node 120 to the remote resources 126,127.
公开的雨水沟102、104两者都与过滤设备134一起使用。过滤设备134分别包括过滤单元130和浮动载体132。Both of the disclosed storm gutters 102 , 104 are used with a filtration device 134 . The filtering device 134 includes a filtering unit 130 and a floating carrier 132, respectively.
现在参照雨水沟102的传感器和子节点配置。如图1中所示，示例雨水沟102与三个不同的传感器106、108、110一起使用。不同的传感器106、108、110安装在雨水沟102内的不同位置。传感器106安装在过滤设备134的过滤单元130上。相应地，传感器108安装在过滤设备134的浮动载体132上，然而传感器110与存在于雨水沟102中的过滤设备134相分离安装。换句话说，传感器110安装在与过滤设备134相分离的位置上。在这个特定情况下，传感器110安装在雨水沟102的内壁上。所有这些传感器106、108、110被布置为与存在于雨水沟102中的子节点116通信。子节点116示例化为安装在过滤单元130上。然而，子节点116的不同位置如上所述是可能的。公开的传感器106、108、110被布置为与子节点116以不同的方式通信或连接。传感器106使用有线连接被连接到子节点116，意味着传感器106借助于传统导线被连接到子节点116。换句话说，传感器106电连接到子节点116或布置为与子节点116通信。另一方面，传感器108、110借助于无线连接被连接到子节点116。在这个特定实施方式中，传感器108、110使用射频通信被连接到子节点116。连接中使用的射频通信将在下文中更详细地讨论。Reference is now made to the sensor and sub-node configuration of storm gutter 102 . As shown in FIG. 1 , the example storm gutter 102 is used with three different sensors 106 , 108 , 110 . Different sensors 106 , 108 , 110 are installed at different locations within storm gutter 102 . The sensor 106 is mounted on a filter unit 130 of a filter device 134 . Accordingly, the sensor 108 is mounted on the floating carrier 132 of the filter device 134 , whereas the sensor 110 is mounted separately from the filter device 134 present in the storm gutter 102 . In other words, the sensor 110 is installed at a location separate from the filtering device 134 . In this particular case, the sensor 110 is mounted on the inner wall of the storm gutter 102 . All these sensors 106 , 108 , 110 are arranged to communicate with subnodes 116 present in the storm gutter 102 . Subnode 116 is illustrated as mounted on filtering unit 130 . However, different positions of child nodes 116 are possible as described above. The disclosed sensors 106, 108, 110 are arranged to communicate or connect with the child nodes 116 in different ways. The sensor 106 is connected to the sub-node 116 using a wired connection, meaning that the sensor 106 is connected to the sub-node 116 by means of conventional wires. In other words, the sensor 106 is electrically connected to or arranged to communicate with the sub-node 116 . On the other hand, the sensors 108, 110 are connected to a child node 116 by means of a wireless connection. In this particular embodiment, the sensors 108, 110 are connected to the child node 116 using radio frequency communication. The radio frequency communications used in the connection are discussed in more detail below.
因此，子节点116采用了用于与传感器106、108、110通过无线和有线通信通道通信的能力。事实上，子节点本身可以与存在于相同的外壳内但未示出的传感器一起被采用。在这个情况下，传感器通常借助于有线连接被连接到子节点116。Accordingly, the child node 116 employs capabilities for communicating with the sensors 106, 108, 110 via wireless and wired communication channels. In fact, the sub-node itself may be employed with sensors present in the same housing but not shown. In this case, the sensors are usually connected to the child nodes 116 by means of wired connections.
为了驱动子节点116，子节点116可以与电池(未示出)或任何其它合适的能源一起被使用。电池可以是可充电电池，该可充电电池可以定期地充电或者被例如太阳能电池板或连接到子节点116的相似物充电。电池也可以是一次性电池，其必须定时地更换，例如当更换过滤设备134的过滤单元130时。To power sub-node 116, sub-node 116 may be used with a battery (not shown) or any other suitable energy source. The battery may be a rechargeable battery that may be charged periodically or by, for example, a solar panel or the like connected to the sub-node 116 . The battery may also be a disposable battery, which must be replaced periodically, for example when the filter unit 130 of the filter device 134 is replaced.
相似地，示例雨水沟104与两个不同的传感器112、114一起被使用，传感器112、114布置在雨水沟104内的不同位置。在这个情况下，传感器112、114两者都布置为与子节点118通信，子节点118布置在雨水沟104的内壁上。传感器112、114两者都无线地连接到子节点118。在示例雨水沟104中，子节点相对于示例雨水沟102被不同地安置。然而，子节点118的不同位置如上所述是可能的。Similarly, the example storm gutter 104 is used with two different sensors 112 , 114 disposed at different locations within the storm gutter 104 . In this case, both sensors 112 , 114 are arranged to communicate with a sub-node 118 , which is arranged on the inner wall of the storm gutter 104 . Both sensors 112 , 114 are wirelessly connected to child node 118 . In the example gully 104 , the child nodes are positioned differently relative to the example gully 102 . However, different positions of child nodes 118 are possible as described above.
根据目前的需要，不同的传感器或包括不同的传感器位置的传感器配置可以被使用，其将会在下文中被更详细地讨论。Depending on the needs at hand, different sensors or sensor configurations including different sensor locations may be used, which will be discussed in more detail below.
此外，子节点116、118采用了用于被连接到主节点120或布置为与主节点120通信的能力。子节点116、118借助于射频连接被连接到主节点120。关于连接的细节将在下文中更详细地被讨论。Furthermore, the child nodes 116 , 118 employ capabilities for being connected to or arranged to communicate with the master node 120 . The child nodes 116, 118 are connected to the master node 120 by means of radio frequency connections. Details regarding connections will be discussed in more detail below.
示例主节点120如上讨论被布置为与两个外部传感器122、124通信。外部传感器122借助于有线连接被连接到主节点120，然而外部传感器124借助于无线连接被连接到主节点120。外部传感器124和主节点120之间的无线连接也可以在这个情况下使用射频连接被实现。如子节点116、118一样，主节点120可以包括在与主节点120本身相同的外壳内的传感器(未示出)。The example master node 120 is arranged to communicate with two external sensors 122 , 124 as discussed above. The external sensor 122 is connected to the master node 120 by means of a wired connection, whereas the external sensor 124 is connected to the master node 120 by means of a wireless connection. A wireless connection between the external sensor 124 and the master node 120 can also be implemented in this case using a radio frequency connection. Like the child nodes 116, 118, the master node 120 may include sensors (not shown) within the same housing as the master node 120 itself.
此外，外部传感器122、124可以被直接地连接到主节点120或间接地借助于附加子节点(未示出)。事实上，只要射频连接可以被建立，任何子节点116、118可以被用来将外部传感器122、124连接到主节点120。Furthermore, external sensors 122, 124 may be connected directly to the master node 120 or indirectly by means of additional child nodes (not shown). In fact, any child node 116, 118 may be used to connect external sensors 122, 124 to the master node 120 as long as a radio frequency connection can be established.
此外，主节点120通过被连接到输电干线而被供电，然而同时可以包括在电源故障情况下用于为主节点120供电的可充电备用电池。很明显，主节点120可以仅通过连接到输电干线被供电，或者可以仅由电池供电。Furthermore, the master node 120 is powered by being connected to the mains, however at the same time may comprise a rechargeable backup battery for powering the master node 120 in case of a power failure. Obviously, the master node 120 may be powered only by being connected to the mains, or may be powered only by batteries.
此外，示例主节点被布置为与两个远程资源126、127通信。借助于移动通信系统128的数据通道形式的射频连接，主节点120可以被连接到远程资源126、127。通常，传统移动电话系统128(诸如，GSM/GPRS或UMTS系统)的数据信道可以被使用。技术人员认识到其它合适的射频连接可以被用来将主节点120连接到远程资源126、128。Furthermore, the example master node is arranged to communicate with two remote resources 126,127. The master node 120 may be connected to remote resources 126 , 127 by means of a radio frequency connection in the form of a data channel of the mobile communication system 128 . Typically, a data channel of a conventional mobile phone system 128, such as a GSM/GPRS or UMTS system, may be used. The skilled artisan recognizes that other suitable radio frequency connections may be used to connect the master node 120 to the remote resources 126,128.
图1中的远程资源126可以包括地理信息系统GIS。GIS通常是被设计为捕获、存储、操纵、分析、管理和呈现任何类型的地理数据的系统。在示出的实施方式中，GIS包括在其上各自的雨水沟102、104被示出的数字地图。只是举个简单的例子，通过选择任何雨水沟102、104，关于选择的雨水沟的进一步信息可以通过GIS进行访问。例如雨水沟102可以被选择，雨水沟102的位置和驻留在其中的过滤设备134的身份可以被检索。此外，关于选择的雨水沟102中的测量的环境条件的信息可以被检索。例如，由传感器106、108、110所感测到的当前情况可以从GIS中检索。同样与先前情况有关的历史数据可以通过GIS被访问。GIS的存储的历史数据举例来说可以经受数据挖掘，其目的是在记录的数据中发现隐藏的模式。技术人员意识到GIS可以用于不同于上面示例的多个附加目的，以及GIS可以包括附加功能。Remote resource 126 in FIG. 1 may include a geographic information system, GIS. A GIS is generally a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and present any type of geographic data. In the illustrated embodiment, the GIS includes a digital map on which the respective storm drains 102, 104 are shown. Just to give a simple example, by selecting any storm gutter 102, 104, further information about the selected storm gutter can be accessed through the GIS. For example a storm gutter 102 can be selected and the location of the storm gutter 102 and the identity of the filter device 134 residing therein can be retrieved. Additionally, information regarding measured environmental conditions in selected storm gutters 102 may be retrieved. For example, current conditions sensed by sensors 106, 108, 110 may be retrieved from a GIS. Also historical data related to previous conditions can be accessed through the GIS. Stored historical data of a GIS can, for example, be subjected to data mining, the purpose of which is to discover hidden patterns in recorded data. The skilled artisan realizes that a GIS can be used for a number of additional purposes than the examples above, and that a GIS can include additional functionality.
图1的远程资源127可以是用来管理和监控雨水沟102、104和驻留其中的过滤设备134的资产管理系统。资产管理系统127包括被监控的雨水沟102、104和驻留其中的过滤设备134的信息。每个过滤设备134的身份可以存储在资产管理系统中。事实上，每个过滤单元130和每个浮动载体132可以与唯一标识码UIN一起使用。UIN可以方便地存储在无源RFID设备或标签中。Remote resource 127 of FIG. 1 may be an asset management system used to manage and monitor storm gutters 102, 104 and filtration equipment 134 residing therein. The asset management system 127 includes information about the monitored storm gutters 102, 104 and the filtration equipment 134 residing therein. The identity of each filtering device 134 may be stored in the asset management system. In fact, each filtering unit 130 and each floating carrier 132 can be used with a unique identification number UIN. UINs can be conveniently stored in passive RFID devices or tags.
多个其它远程资源126、127在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下是可能的。例如，远程资源126、127可以是基于云的存储设备或基于服务器的存储设备。远程资源126、127也可以是用来存储分别来自包含在系统100中的传感器106、108、110、112、114、120、122的数据的数据库。此外，远程资源126、127可以包括关于将被监控的污染的数据，或者可以包括关于被监控的雨水沟102、104中的过滤设备134的数据。Numerous other remote resources 126, 127 are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the remote resource 126, 127 may be a cloud-based storage device or a server-based storage device. The remote resources 126, 127 may also be databases used to store data from the sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, 122 included in the system 100, respectively. Additionally, the remote resource 126, 127 may include data regarding the pollution to be monitored, or may include data regarding the filtration device 134 in the storm drain 102, 104 being monitored.
现在参照图1的主节点120。示例主节点120包括处理从与其连接的子节点116、118或外部传感器122、124接收的数据的能力。因为那个原因，主节点120可以与中央处理单元CPU一起使用。主节点120可以运行操作系统。优选地，主节点可以运行Windows Mobile嵌入式XP操作系统、苹果iOS、安卓或其它苹果兼容操作系统。主节点120然而可以运行其它合适的操作系统。Reference is now made to the master node 120 of FIG. 1 . An example master node 120 includes the capability to process data received from child nodes 116 , 118 or external sensors 122 , 124 connected thereto. For that reason, the master node 120 can be used together with the central processing unit CPU. Master node 120 may run an operating system. Preferably, the master node can run Windows Mobile embedded XP operating system, Apple iOS, Android or other Apple compatible operating systems. Master node 120 may however run other suitable operating systems.
由于图1的主节点120包括处理数据的能力，因此主节点120可以被设置以监控由传感器106、108、110、112、114、120、122确定的环境条件。Since master node 120 of FIG. 1 includes the capability to process data, master node 120 may be configured to monitor environmental conditions determined by sensors 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 120 , 122 .
此外，如果多个确定的环境条件中的一个被确定为不满足预定的标准，图1的主节点120可以被设置以产生信号。例如，如果传感器106、108、110、112、114中的任意一个确定了相应于监控的污染的存在的环境条件，信号可以由主节点120产生。Additionally, the master node 120 of FIG. 1 may be configured to generate a signal if one of the plurality of determined environmental conditions is determined not to meet predetermined criteria. For example, a signal may be generated by master node 120 if any of sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 determine an environmental condition corresponding to the presence of monitored pollution.
产生的信号可以被发送到远程资源和/或操作者。随着主节点可以被连接到移动电话系统128，信号可以作为短信服务SMS直接地发送到操作者的移动或蜂窝电话。信号可以被发送到特定的移动电话或一组移动电话。此外，主节点120可以附加地安排呼叫、发送电子邮件或相似物去通知操作者。The resulting signal can be sent to a remote resource and/or operator. As the master node can be connected to the mobile phone system 128, the signal can be sent directly to the operator's mobile or cell phone as a short message service SMS. The signal can be sent to a specific mobile phone or a group of mobile phones. Furthermore, the master node 120 may additionally schedule a call, send an email or the like to notify the operator.
相反地，操作者可以通过例如发送SMS或相似物给主节点120来请求当前状态。Instead, the operator can request the current status by, for example, sending an SMS or similar to the master node 120 .
此外，图1的主节点可以采用用于存储数据的存储能力。例如，如果主节点120可以位于没有移动电话接收的远程区域，那么由主节点接收和分析的数据可以必须本地存储，因为它不能被发送到任何远程资源126、127。因为这个原因，主节点可以与内部存储和/或用于可移动存储介质的槽/连接一起被使用。In addition, the master nodes of FIG. 1 may employ storage capabilities for storing data. For example, if the master node 120 may be located in a remote area without mobile phone reception, the data received and analyzed by the master node may have to be stored locally because it cannot be sent to any remote resource 126,127. For this reason, master nodes can be used with internal storage and/or slots/connections for removable storage media.
图1的示例主节点120可以与GPS接收器一起被使用，GPS接收器可以被用来确定主节点120的位置。此外，主节点120可以与加速度传感器一起被使用。通过使用加速度传感器，能够检测主节点120是否被移动。主节点120的突然移动可以表示例如盗窃未遂或主节点已经从它的计划的位置移动。The example master node 120 of FIG. 1 may be used with a GPS receiver that may be used to determine the location of the master node 120 . Additionally, the master node 120 may be used with an acceleration sensor. By using an acceleration sensor, it is possible to detect whether the master node 120 is moved. Sudden movement of the master node 120 may indicate, for example, an attempted theft or that the master node has moved from its intended location.
现在参照传感器106、108、110、112、114。为了确定雨水沟102、104中的环境条件，能够感测不同环境的各种传感器106、108、110、112、114可以被使用。Reference is now made to sensors 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 . To determine the environmental conditions in the gutters 102, 104, various sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 capable of sensing different environments may be used.
使用不同类型的合适的温度传感器可以确定雨水沟102、104中的空气或水的温度。借助于湿度传感器，同样可以测量雨水沟102、104的空气的湿度。另外，使用光传感器可以测量雨水沟中的光级。同样，能够感测各种气体存在的气体传感器可以使用在雨水沟102、104中。The temperature of the air or water in the gutters 102, 104 can be determined using different types of suitable temperature sensors. The humidity of the air in the rain gutters 102 , 104 can likewise be measured by means of the humidity sensor. Alternatively, light levels in storm gutters can be measured using light sensors. Likewise, gas sensors capable of sensing the presence of various gases may be used in the storm gutters 102 , 104 .
为了感测雨水沟的水中的污染，烃类传感器可以被使用。可从GE购得的“Leakwise检测系统”是能够检测例如油泄露的市售的烃类传感器系统的例子。To sense contamination in the water of storm gutters, hydrocarbon sensors may be used. The "Leakwise Detection System" available from GE is an example of a commercially available hydrocarbon sensor system capable of detecting eg oil spills.
随着过滤设备134的过滤单元130吸收污染物或相似物，过滤单元130的重量随之增加，这意味着雨水沟102、104的水中的过滤设备134的深度增加。因此，通过使用在雨水沟102、104中的水面下方的过滤设备134上布置的压力传感器，压力可以被测量并且深度可以被计算。因此，通过测量雨水沟102、104的水中的过滤设备134的目前深度，能够确定剩余的过滤器容量。As the filter unit 130 of the filter device 134 absorbs pollutants or the like, the weight of the filter unit 130 increases, which means that the depth of the filter device 134 in the water of the storm gutter 102, 104 increases. Thus, by using pressure sensors arranged on the filter device 134 below the surface of the water in the storm gutters 102, 104, the pressure can be measured and the depth can be calculated. Thus, by measuring the current depth of the filter device 134 in the water of the storm gutter 102, 104, the remaining filter capacity can be determined.
可以用来确定过滤设备134的过滤单元130中吸收的污染物或相似物的存在的另一种方法是使用电场分布传感器。通过测量例如过滤单元130中存在的导电网中的电场分布，电场的交替可以被检测。由于电网被污染，它的特性被改变。换句话说，没有污染的洁净电网在经受电场时展示了某些特性，然而相同的电网一旦被污染将展示不同的特性。Another method that can be used to determine the presence of absorbed contaminants or the like in the filter unit 130 of the filter device 134 is to use an electric field distribution sensor. By measuring, for example, the electric field distribution in the conductive mesh present in the filter unit 130, the alternation of the electric field can be detected. As the grid is polluted, its characteristics are altered. In other words, a clean electrical grid without pollution exhibits certain properties when subjected to an electric field, whereas the same electrical grid when polluted exhibits different properties.
用来确定过滤设备134的过滤单元130中吸收的污染物或相似物的存在的另一种方法可以是使用场穿透传感器。场穿透传感器是用来确定电场如何穿透对象的设备。相比于较高频率，较低频率通常具有更好的穿透能力。因此，通过将过滤单元130展示到电场，测量过滤设备134的过滤单元130中吸收的污染物或相似物的存在是可能的，测量电场如何穿透过滤单元130也是可能的。实践中，随着过滤单元吸收污染物或相似物，电场的能量将必须被增加，否则电场的波长将不得不被降低，以便让电场穿透过滤单元130。Another method for determining the presence of absorbed contaminants or the like in the filter unit 130 of the filter device 134 may be to use a field penetrating sensor. A field penetration sensor is a device used to determine how an electric field penetrates an object. Lower frequencies generally have better penetration than higher frequencies. Thus, by exposing the filter unit 130 to an electric field, it is possible to measure the presence of absorbed pollutants or the like in the filter unit 130 of the filter device 134 , and it is also possible to measure how the electric field penetrates the filter unit 130 . In practice, the energy of the electric field will have to be increased as the filter element absorbs pollutants or the like, otherwise the wavelength of the electric field will have to be decreased in order for the field to penetrate the filter element 130 .
实践中，如上讨论，传感器106、108、110、112、114可以被选择以满足特定雨水沟102、104的具体需要。仅给一例，如果雨水沟位于在其中存在浮油或漏油的提高的风险的工厂院子中，能够感测油的传感器或多个传感器106、108、110、112、114可有利地被提供在将被监控的雨水沟102、104中。In practice, the sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 may be selected to meet the specific needs of a particular storm gutter 102, 104, as discussed above. To give just one example, if the storm gutter is located in a factory yard where there is an increased risk of oil slicks or spills, a sensor or sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 capable of sensing oil may advantageously be provided in the In the storm gutters 102, 104 to be monitored.
相似地，如果雨水沟102、104位于在其中肥料或杀虫剂的排放是可预期的区域中，能够确定成为问题的肥料或杀虫剂的存在的传感器106、108、110、112、114可以被使用以便监控预期的排放。Similarly, if storm gutters 102, 104 are located in areas where fertilizer or pesticide releases are expected, sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 capable of determining the presence of problematic fertilizers or pesticides may Used to monitor expected emissions.
因此，技术人员意识到根据当前的需要不同的传感器106、108、110、112、114可以被使用，并且各种类型传感器可以被用来感测相同的环境条件。Thus, the skilled person realizes that different sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 may be used depending on the needs at hand, and that various types of sensors may be used to sense the same environmental conditions.
此外，根据一些实施方式，主节点120可以与外部传感器一起使用，外部传感器用于确定系统100的雨水沟102、104的外部条件。例如，主节点120可以包括外部温度传感器，其能够确定精度为±0.3℃的-40℃与120℃之间的周围温度。根据一些实施方式，系统100的雨水沟102、104的外部的周围空气的氧含量O2和二氧化碳含量CO2可以使用连接到主节点120的合适的外部传感器来测量。周围空气的相对湿度也可以使用连接到主节点120的湿度传感器来测量。Additionally, according to some implementations, the master node 120 may be used with external sensors used to determine the external conditions of the storm gutters 102 , 104 of the system 100 . For example, master node 120 may include an external temperature sensor capable of determining an ambient temperature between -40°C and 120°C with an accuracy of ±0.3°C. According to some embodiments, the oxygen content O2 and the carbon dioxide content CO2 of the ambient air outside the gutters 102 , 104 of the system 100 may be measured using suitable external sensors connected to the master node 120 . The relative humidity of the surrounding air can also be measured using a humidity sensor connected to the master node 120 .
技术人员意识到多个不同类型的外部传感器可以被使用以便测量系统100的雨水沟102、104外部的以上示例参数或其它相关参数。The skilled artisan realizes that a number of different types of external sensors may be used in order to measure the above example parameters or other relevant parameters external to the storm gutters 102, 104 of the system 100.
例如，使用不同传感技术的多个不同的温度传感器可以被使用，以便测量靠近或接近于主节点120的温度。相似地，多个不同类型的气体传感器和湿度传感器可以被使用。通过测量上面的参数，得出关于接近于主节点120的当前环境条件的结论是可能的。例如，当下雨时相对湿度将增加到大约100％。相似地，随着开始下雨，温度将逐渐地降低。鉴于此，因此借助于主节点120和连接到其上的外部传感器122、124检测例如降雨是可能的。For example, a number of different temperature sensors using different sensing technologies may be used in order to measure the temperature near or close to master node 120 . Similarly, a number of different types of gas sensors and humidity sensors can be used. By measuring the above parameters, it is possible to draw conclusions about the current environmental conditions close to the master node 120 . For example, when it rains the relative humidity will increase to approximately 100%. Similarly, as it starts to rain, the temperature will gradually decrease. In view of this, it is thus possible to detect eg rain by means of the master node 120 and the external sensors 122 , 124 connected thereto.
根据一些实施方式，主节点120可以被连接到燃烧气体传感器，其能够检测周围空气中的燃烧气体。通常，燃烧气体传感器被配置为检测各种普通燃烧气体，诸如烯烃、烷烃、乙炔、二氧化碳和氢。通过使用燃烧气体传感器，确定接近于主节点120的燃烧气体的点燃或排放是可能的。According to some embodiments, the master node 120 may be connected to a combustion gas sensor capable of detecting combustion gases in the surrounding air. Typically, combustion gas sensors are configured to detect various common combustion gases, such as alkenes, alkanes, acetylene, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. By using a combustion gas sensor, it is possible to determine the ignition or emission of combustion gases close to the main node 120 .
技术人员意识到其它类型传感器可以被使用以检测接近于主节点120的其它环境条件。The skilled person realizes that other types of sensors may be used to detect other environmental conditions proximate to the master node 120 .
现在涉及前面提到的射频连接。如上所讨论，射频连接可以被使用在传感器108、110、112、114和它们的各自子节点116、118之间，子节点116、118和主节点120之间，以及图1的外部传感器124和主节点之间。图1的射频连接可以基于使用低发射功率的短距离无线链接。由于法律规定，仅有某些频率可以被使用。在不同的管辖范围中，不同的频率可以被允许以及因此被使用。根据当前的优选实施方式，2.4GHZ或433MHz被使用。Now comes the aforementioned RF connection. As discussed above, radio frequency connections may be used between the sensors 108, 110, 112, 114 and their respective child nodes 116, 118, between the child nodes 116, 118 and the master node 120, and between the external sensors 124 and between master nodes. The radio frequency connections of Figure 1 may be based on short-range wireless links using low transmit power. Due to legal regulations, only certain frequencies can be used. In different jurisdictions, different frequencies may be permitted and thus used. According to the currently preferred embodiment, 2.4GHZ or 433MHz is used.
射频连接优选地可以作为双向连接被建立，意味着数据既可以被发送到传感器108、110、112、114，子节点116、118和主节点120，也可以从传感器108、110、112、114，子节点116、118和主节点120被发送。能够单向发送数据的单向连接同样可以被使用。优选地，433MHz可以被用来实现从主节点120到子节点116、118以及从子节点116、118到传感器108、110、112、114的下行链路。相应地，优选使用2.4GHz来实现从传感器108、110、112、114到子节点116、118以及从子节点116、118到主节点120的上行链路。典型地，2.4GHz上行链路的范围超过100m。The radio frequency connection can preferably be established as a two-way connection, meaning that data can be sent both to and from the sensors 108, 110, 112, 114, child nodes 116, 118 and master node 120, Child nodes 116, 118 and master node 120 are sent. Unidirectional connections, which can send data in one direction, can also be used. Preferably, 433 MHz may be used for downlinks from the master node 120 to the child nodes 116, 118 and from the child nodes 116, 118 to the sensors 108, 110, 112, 114. Accordingly, 2.4 GHz is preferably used for the uplinks from the sensors 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 to the child nodes 116 , 118 and from the child nodes 116 , 118 to the master node 120 . Typically, the 2.4GHz uplink has a range of over 100m.
通过利用双向连接，不仅能够监控雨水沟102、104中的环境条件，也能够例如重新配置或重置子节点116、118和使用的传感器106、108、110、112、114、122、124。只是举几个例子，传感器106、108、110、112、114的采样间隔可以使用如上描述的双向连接重新配置。相似地，一些传感器106、108、110、112、114、122、124可以被停用。技术人员意识到对传感器106、108、110、112、114和子节点116、118的多个其它操作可以使用上述的双向连接被执行。By utilizing bi-directional connections, not only can environmental conditions in storm gutters 102, 104 be monitored, but also sub-nodes 116, 118 and used sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 122, 124 can be reconfigured or reset, for example. Just to name a few examples, the sampling intervals of the sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 can be reconfigured using the bi-directional connections described above. Similarly, some of the sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 122, 124 may be disabled. The skilled person realizes that numerous other operations on the sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 and child nodes 116, 118 may be performed using the bi-directional connections described above.
使用上述的射频连接，高达200个子节点116、118可以被连接到相同的主节点120。因此，高达200个雨水沟102、104可以借助于相同的主节点120被监控。Up to 200 child nodes 116 , 118 can be connected to the same master node 120 using the radio frequency connections described above. Thus, up to 200 storm gutters 102 , 104 can be monitored by means of the same master node 120 .
技术人员意识到任何合适的射频连接可以被使用。例如，基于RFID、蓝牙、物联网或相似物的通信可以被使用。The skilled artisan realizes that any suitable radio frequency connection may be used. For example, RFID, Bluetooth, Internet of Things or similar based communication may be used.
相似地，多个主节点120可以被连接到相同远程资源126、127，意味着任何数目的雨水沟102、104可以使用相同的资产管理系统、GIS或相似物被监控。Similarly, multiple master nodes 120 can be connected to the same remote resource 126, 127, meaning that any number of storm gutters 102, 104 can be monitored using the same asset management system, GIS or similar.
在下文中，根据本发明的用于监控雨水沟中的环境条件的方法200的实施方式参照图2将被按照图示描述，其示出了方法的示例步骤。出于简化的原因，本发明方法的实施方式的如下非限制性实例将在根据如上所述与系统100相结合使用时被描述。In the following, an embodiment of a method 200 for monitoring environmental conditions in storm gutters according to the present invention will be described diagrammatically with reference to FIG. 2 , which shows example steps of the method. For reasons of simplicity, the following non-limiting example of an embodiment of the method of the present invention will be described when used in connection with the system 100 as described above.
在示例方法的第一步骤202中，提供了含有过滤设备134的雨水沟102、104，过滤设备134包括过滤单元130和用于承载过滤单元130的浮动载体132。In a first step 202 of the example method, a storm gutter 102 , 104 is provided containing a filter arrangement 134 comprising a filter unit 130 and a floating carrier 132 for carrying the filter unit 130 .
在示例方法的第二步骤204中，至少一个传感器106、108、110、112、114被安置在雨水沟102、104中。如上所讨论，与系统100相结合，传感器106、108、110、112、114可以是各种类型并且目标在于确定雨水沟102、104中的各种环境条件。In a second step 204 of the example method, at least one sensor 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 is positioned in the storm gutter 102 , 104 . As discussed above, in conjunction with system 100 , sensors 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 may be of various types and aimed at determining various environmental conditions in storm gutters 102 , 104 .
在示例方法的第三步骤206中，雨水沟102、104中的环境条件使用至少一个传感器106、108、110、112、114被确定。In a third step 206 of the example method, ambient conditions in the storm gutter 102 , 104 are determined using at least one sensor 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 .
在示例方法的第四步骤208中，至少一个传感器被布置为与子节点116、118通信。如上讨论，用于将传感器106、108、110、112、114布置为与子节点116、118通信的多个选项可以被使用。In a fourth step 208 of the example method at least one sensor is arranged to communicate with the child node 116 , 118 . As discussed above, a number of options for arranging the sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 to communicate with the child nodes 116, 118 may be used.
在示例方法的第五步骤210中，关于雨水沟102、104中的确定的环境条件的数据可以从传感器106、108、110、112、114发送到子节点116、118。In a fifth step 210 of the example method, data about determined environmental conditions in the storm gutters 102 , 104 may be sent from the sensors 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 to the child nodes 116 , 118 .
在示例方法的第六步骤212中，子节点116、118被布置为与主节点120通信。相似地，如上讨论，用于将子节点116、118布置为与主节点120通信的多个选项可以被使用。In a sixth step 212 of the example method, the child nodes 116 , 118 are arranged to communicate with the master node 120 . Similarly, as discussed above, a number of options for arranging child nodes 116, 118 to communicate with master node 120 may be used.
在示例方法的第七步骤214中，关于雨水沟102、104中的确定的环境条件的数据可以从子节点116、118发送到主节点120。In a seventh step 214 of the example method, data regarding determined environmental conditions in the storm gutters 102 , 104 may be sent from the child nodes 116 , 118 to the master node 120 .
在示例方法的第八步骤116中，主节点120被布置为处理接收的数据以便监控雨水沟中的环境条件。如上讨论，主节点120可以监控确定的条件，并基于确定的条件例如产生用于警示操作者或远程资源126、127的信号。In an eighth step 116 of the example method, the master node 120 is arranged to process the received data in order to monitor environmental conditions in the storm gutter. As discussed above, the master node 120 may monitor for determined conditions and generate, for example, a signal to alert an operator or remote resource 126, 127 based on the determined conditions.
根据本发明方法的实施方式，至少一个外部传感器120、122可以被布置在雨水沟102、104的外部以确定雨水沟102、104外部的环境条件。外部传感器120、122可以如上讨论被布置为与主节点120直接通信或者借助子节点间接通信。According to an embodiment of the method of the invention, at least one external sensor 120 , 122 may be arranged outside the storm gutter 102 , 104 to determine the ambient conditions outside the storm gutter 102 , 104 . The external sensors 120, 122 may be arranged to communicate directly with the master node 120 as discussed above or indirectly by means of child nodes.
根据本发明方法的实施方式，主节点120可以布置为与至少一个远程资源126、127通信。如上所述，多个不同的连接可以用于将主节点120布置为与远程资源126、127通信。此外，同样如上所述，远程资源126、127可以为各种类型。According to an embodiment of the method of the invention, the master node 120 may be arranged to communicate with at least one remote resource 126 , 127 . As mentioned above, a number of different connections may be used to arrange the master node 120 to communicate with the remote resources 126,127. Additionally, as also noted above, remote resources 126, 127 may be of various types.
根据本发明方法的实施方式，至少一个附加雨水沟104可以被提供。至少一个附加雨水沟可以如最初的雨水沟102一样被提供带有至少一个与子节点118通信的传感器112、114。附加雨水沟104的子节点118可以被提供为与主节点120通信。因此，关于附加雨水沟104中的环境条件的数据可以从传感器112、114向子节点118发送并从子节点118向主节点120发送。According to an embodiment of the method of the invention, at least one additional rain gutter 104 may be provided. At least one additional storm gutter may be provided as with the original storm gutter 102 with at least one sensor 112 , 114 in communication with the child node 118 . A child node 118 of additional gutters 104 may be provided in communication with a master node 120 . Thus, data regarding environmental conditions in the additional storm gutter 104 may be sent from the sensors 112 , 114 to the child node 118 and from the child node 118 to the master node 120 .
在下文中，如通过雨水沟102、104外部的外部传感器122、124确定的，关于雨水沟102、104外部的确定的环境条件的数据可以被发送到主节点120。Thereafter, data regarding the determined environmental conditions outside the storm gutter 102 , 104 may be sent to the master node 120 as determined by the external sensors 122 , 124 outside the storm gutter 102 , 104 .
在下文中，基于雨水沟102、104外部的确定的环境条件，借助于主节点120可以确定用于雨水沟102中的确定的环境条件的预期范围(也就是允许的公差)，以及用于至少一个附加雨水沟104中的确定的环境条件的预期范围。例如，如果雨水沟102、104外部的环境条件指示降雨，预计从降雨产生的雨水将进入雨水沟102和附加雨水沟104。这意味着在实践中，流入到雨水沟102和附加雨水沟104的雨水应该是可检测的，假定能够确定雨水流入到雨水沟102和附加雨水沟104的传感器106、108、110、112、114已经在各自的雨水沟102、104中被提供。In the following, based on the determined environmental conditions outside the storm gutters 102, 104, by means of the master node 120 it is possible to determine the expected range (that is, the allowable tolerance) for the determined environmental conditions in the storm gutter 102, and for at least one An expected range of determined environmental conditions in additional storm gutters 104 . For example, if environmental conditions outside the storm gutters 102 , 104 indicate rainfall, it is expected that rainwater resulting from the rainfall will enter the storm gutters 102 and the additional storm gutters 104 . This means that in practice, the inflow of rainwater into the rain gutter 102 and the additional rain gutter 104 should be detectable, assuming that the sensors 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 are able to determine the inflow of rainwater into the rain gutter 102 and the additional rain gutter 104 Already provided in the respective storm gutters 102,104.
因此，借助于主节点120比较雨水沟102和附加雨水沟104中确定的环境条件与预期范围是可能的，例如水流对于雨水沟102和附加雨水沟104都大于每分钟1升。Thus, by means of the master node 120 it is possible to compare the environmental conditions determined in the storm gutter 102 and the additional storm gutter 104 with an expected range, eg water flow greater than 1 liter per minute for both the storm gutter 102 and the additional storm gutter 104 .
然后，如果在雨水沟102中的确定的环境条件(例如，水流)，或者在至少一个附加雨水沟104中的确定的环境条件(例如，水流)可以被分别确定为不包括在预期范围内，那么借助于主节点120可以产生信号。产生的信号可以指示哪个雨水沟102、104具有不包括在它的预期范围内的确定的环境条件。Then, if a determined environmental condition (e.g., water flow) in the storm gutter 102, or a determined environmental condition (e.g., water flow) in the at least one additional storm gutter 104, respectively, can be determined to be outside the expected range, Signals can then be generated by means of master node 120 . The resulting signal may indicate which storm gutter 102, 104 has a determined environmental condition that is not included within its expected range.
在上面例子中，因此能够检测雨水的流动与被监控的雨水沟102、104的一个或两个中预期的不是一样大。因此，很有可能的是不具有预期的雨水流动的雨水沟102、104被阻塞、堵塞或遇到类似问题。In the above example, it is thus possible to detect that the flow of rainwater is not as great as expected in one or both of the storm gutters 102, 104 being monitored. Therefore, there is a good chance that storm gutters 102, 104 that are not having the expected flow of rainwater are clogged, clogged, or encounter similar problems.
相反，如果雨水的流动在一个时刻被检测到进入雨水沟102、104，在该时刻中基于雨水沟外部的确定的环境条件没有预期流动，例如在该时间段期间没有雨水，按照预期没有或者仅有限制量的水进入雨水沟102、104中，则可以产生信号。假如多个雨水沟102、104被监控，信号可以指示哪个雨水沟102、104具有不在预期范围内的确定条件。换言之，信号可以指示哪个雨水沟102、104遇到了潜在故障。Conversely, if the flow of rainwater into the gutters 102, 104 is detected at a time in which no flow is expected based on determined environmental conditions outside the gutters, for example no rainwater during the time period, no or only as expected A limited amount of water entering the storm gutters 102, 104 can then generate a signal. In case multiple storm gutters 102, 104 are monitored, the signal may indicate which storm gutter 102, 104 has a determined condition that is not within the expected range. In other words, the signal may indicate which storm gutter 102, 104 is experiencing a potential failure.
相似地，可以预期的是在白天期间光进入雨水沟102、104，也就是，当光可以在雨水沟102、104的外部被检测时。因此通过确定监控的雨水沟102、104内的预期光级能够检测雨水沟被阻塞或堵塞了。不在它的预期范围内的光级因此可以指示例如上面相关的雨水沟102、104的阻塞。例如，某人也许已经将垃圾箱或相似物放置在雨水沟102、104的上方。Similarly, it may be expected that light enters the gutters 102, 104 during the day, that is, when light may be detected outside of the gutters 102, 104. A clogged or clogged gully can thus be detected by determining the expected light level within the monitored gully 102 , 104 . A light level that is not within its expected range may thus indicate clogging of eg the above related storm gutters 102 , 104 . For example, someone may have placed a litter box or the like over the storm gutters 102,104.
指示哪个雨水沟102、104具有不包括在其预期范围内的确定的环境条件的上述信号可以存储在主节点120中，或者被发送到远程资源126、127或操作员，如上所述。The above-mentioned signals indicating which storm gutters 102, 104 have determined environmental conditions not included within their expected range may be stored in the master node 120, or sent to a remote resource 126, 127 or operator, as described above.
尽管附图可以示出方法步骤的具体顺序，但是步骤的顺序可以与所描述的不同。同样，两个或更多步骤可以同时地或部分同时被执行。这样的变化将取决于选择的软件和硬件系统以及设计者选择。所有这样的变化都在本公开的范围内。此外，尽管在其中参照几个具体示例实施方式描述了本发明，但是很多不同的变化、修改等等对技术人员将变得明显。根据附图、公开内容和所附权利要求的学习，公开的实施方式的变化可以在实践所要求保护的本发明时被技术人员所理解和实现。此外，在权利要求中，词语“包括”不排除其它元素或步骤，并且不定冠词“一(a)”或“一(an)”不排除复数。Although the figures may show a specific order of method steps, the order of the steps may differ from that described. Likewise, two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variations will depend on the software and hardware systems selected and designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, although the invention has been described herein with reference to a few specific example embodiments, many different changes, modifications, etc. will become apparent to the skilled person. Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. Furthermore, in the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.
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| EP12153111.5 | 2012-01-30 | ||
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| CN201280068576.0AExpired - Fee RelatedCN104220680B (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2012-12-18 | Device and method for filtering stormwater |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20170825 Termination date:20180128 |