技术领域technical field
本发明属于电动车领域，涉及一种增程式电动车的整车能量管理方法，具体涉及一种基于电动车电池SOC值和需求功率预测、内燃发电系统效率优化以及蓄电池储能优化的整车能量管理方法。The invention belongs to the field of electric vehicles, and relates to a vehicle energy management method for an extended-range electric vehicle, in particular to a vehicle energy management method based on electric vehicle battery SOC value and demand power prediction, internal combustion power generation system efficiency optimization, and battery energy storage optimization Management method.
背景技术Background technique
能源短缺与环境污染问题促使新能源电动车的使用越来越普遍。电动车具有节能环保、舒适便捷等诸多优势，但受电池技术水平限制，仍然存在充电时间长，续航里程短等问题。增程式电动车通过在纯电动车上安装增程器，可有效解决电动车续航里程问题，同时仍旧保留了纯电动车外接充电口，最大限度减少对化石燃料依赖。Energy shortages and environmental pollution problems have prompted the use of new energy electric vehicles to become more and more common. Electric vehicles have many advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection, comfort and convenience, but due to the limitation of battery technology level, there are still problems such as long charging time and short cruising range. By installing a range extender on the pure electric vehicle, the extended-range electric vehicle can effectively solve the problem of the cruising range of the electric vehicle, while still retaining the external charging port of the pure electric vehicle to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels.
目前增程式电动车增程器主要以内燃发电系统为主，即：在蓄电池电量充足时，由蓄电池提供整车驱动功率需求，此时内燃发电增程器不工作；当蓄电池电量消耗到一定程度时，内燃发电增程器起动，除供给整车驱动功率需求外，富余功率可为蓄电池充电，以保证续航里程要求。内燃发电增程式电动车动力系统示意图如图1所示。At present, the range extender of the extended range electric vehicle is mainly based on the internal combustion power generation system, that is, when the battery power is sufficient, the battery provides the driving power demand of the whole vehicle, and the internal combustion power generation range extender does not work at this time; when the battery power is consumed to a certain extent When the internal combustion power generation range extender starts, in addition to supplying the driving power demand of the whole vehicle, the surplus power can be used to charge the battery to ensure the cruising range requirement. The schematic diagram of the power system of the extended-range electric vehicle with internal combustion power generation is shown in Figure 1.
配备内燃发电增程器后，电动车整车能量管理，特别是内燃发电系统与原有蓄电池的协调控制变得尤为重要。传统内燃发电增程式电动车增程器控制方式主要分为两类：内燃机恒功率模式、内燃机功率跟随模式。前者在蓄电池亏电时将增程器内燃机始终固定在效率最高的工况点上，虽然燃油经济性好，但电池存在过充和过放风险；后者考虑了蓄电池状态，让增程器内燃机跟随负载功率变化，但相应燃油经济性和排放不易控制。如何合理起停内燃发电增程器，如何综合考虑增程模式下蓄电池充放电状态、内燃发电系统效率并尽可能增加电能使用，对于提高内燃发电增程器效率、延长蓄电池寿命、增加续航里程、降低排放等都具有重要意义。After equipped with an internal combustion power generation range extender, the energy management of the electric vehicle, especially the coordinated control of the internal combustion power generation system and the original battery, becomes particularly important. The control methods of traditional internal combustion power generation extended range electric vehicle range extenders are mainly divided into two categories: internal combustion engine constant power mode and internal combustion engine power follow mode. The former always fixes the internal combustion engine of the range extender at the most efficient operating point when the battery is running low. Although the fuel economy is good, the battery has the risk of overcharging and overdischarging; the latter considers the state of the battery and makes the internal combustion engine of the range extender It follows the change of load power, but the corresponding fuel economy and emissions are not easy to control. How to properly start and stop the range extender for internal combustion power generation, how to comprehensively consider the charge and discharge status of the battery in the range extender mode, the efficiency of the internal combustion power generation system, and increase the use of electric energy as much as possible, will help improve the efficiency of the range extender for internal combustion power generation, prolong the life of the battery, increase the cruising range, It is of great significance to reduce emissions and so on.
发明内容 Invention content
为克服现有技术的不足，本发明提出了一种基于电动车电池SOC值和需求功率预测、内燃发电系统效率优化以及蓄电池储能优化的整车能量管理方法。该方法能够通过预测蓄电池SOC值进行增程器起停控制，增程模式下通过蓄电池SOC预测值和整车驱动功率预测值判断，合理选择增程器内燃机工况，在保证整车动力性和燃油经济性的同时，优化蓄电池储能水平。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a vehicle energy management method based on electric vehicle battery SOC value and demand power prediction, internal combustion power generation system efficiency optimization, and battery energy storage optimization. This method can carry out the start-stop control of the range extender by predicting the SOC value of the battery. In the range extender mode, the predicted value of the SOC of the battery and the predicted value of the driving power of the vehicle can be judged to reasonably select the working condition of the internal combustion engine of the range extender. While improving fuel economy, optimize the energy storage level of the battery.
本发明采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
根据蓄电池两端电压和充放电电流信息，结合开路电压法和安时积分法等蓄电池SOC检测方法，获得当前电动车蓄电池的SOC水平。如果蓄电池的剩余电量SOC水平低于某一下限，则利用增程器ISG电机起动内燃发电增程器；如果蓄电池的剩余电量SOC水平高于某一上限，则关闭内燃发电增程器；如果蓄电池的剩余电量SOC水平处于高低阈值之间，则内燃发电增程器保持前一时刻的工作状态。基于蓄电池SOC值判定的增程器起停策略具体如下：According to the voltage at both ends of the battery and the charge and discharge current information, combined with the battery SOC detection methods such as the open circuit voltage method and the ampere-hour integration method, the current SOC level of the electric vehicle battery is obtained. If the SOC level of the remaining power of the battery is lower than a certain lower limit, use the ISG motor of the range extender to start the range extender for internal combustion generation; if the SOC level of the remaining power of the battery is higher than a certain upper limit, turn off the range extender for internal combustion power generation; if the battery If the SOC level of the remaining power is between the upper and lower thresholds, the range extender of the internal combustion power generation will maintain the working state at the previous moment. The start-stop strategy of the range extender based on the SOC value of the battery is determined as follows:
1）当蓄电池的SOC值低于预先设定的最低蓄电池SOC值Dn_limit，则起动增程器；1) When the SOC value of the battery is lower than the preset minimum battery SOC value Dn_limit, the range extender is started;
2）当蓄电池的SOC值高于预先设定的最高蓄电池SOC值Up_limit，则关闭增程器；2) When the battery SOC value is higher than the preset maximum battery SOC value Up_limit, the range extender is turned off;
3）当蓄电池的SOC值在预先设定的最低蓄电池SOC值Dn_limit和最高蓄电池SOC值Up_limit之间，则增程器保持前一时刻工作状态。3) When the SOC value of the battery is between the preset minimum battery SOC value Dn_limit and the highest battery SOC value Up_limit, the range extender maintains the working state at the previous moment.
当蓄电池SOC预测值偏低，内燃发电增程器起动，电动车处于增程模式工作状态时，根据驱动电机和驱动电机控制器放电电压和电流信息实时预测整车驱动功率需求。将整车驱动需求功率与增程器内燃机经济运行线上的最佳油耗工况点输出功率做对比。如果整车驱动需求功率小于增程器内燃机最佳油耗工况点功率，则调整增程器内燃机工作于最佳油耗工况点上，实施恒功率控制，富余功率给蓄电池充电。如果整车驱动需求功率大于增程器内燃机最佳工况点，则区分两种情况：一是蓄电池SOC值低于预先设定的最低蓄电池SOC值Dn_limit后，内燃发电增程器沿内燃机经济运行线实施功率跟随控制，富余功率给蓄电池充电；二是蓄电池SOC值高于预先设定的中等蓄电池SOC值Md_limit后，调整增程器内燃机工作于最佳油耗工况点上，不足功率由蓄电池提供。增程模式下，内燃发电增程器控制策略具体如下：When the battery SOC prediction value is low, the internal combustion power generation range extender is started, and the electric vehicle is in the working state of the range extension mode, the driving power demand of the vehicle is predicted in real time according to the discharge voltage and current information of the drive motor and the drive motor controller. Compare the driving demand power of the whole vehicle with the output power at the best fuel consumption point on the economical operation line of the internal combustion engine of the range extender. If the driving demand power of the whole vehicle is less than the power at the best fuel consumption point of the internal combustion engine of the range extender, adjust the internal combustion engine of the range extender to work at the best fuel consumption point, implement constant power control, and charge the battery with surplus power. If the driving demand power of the whole vehicle is greater than the best operating point of the internal combustion engine of the range extender, two situations are distinguished: one is that the internal combustion power generation range extender runs economically along the internal combustion engine after the battery SOC value is lower than the preset minimum battery SOC value Dn_limit line to implement power following control, and the surplus power is used to charge the battery; second, after the battery SOC value is higher than the preset medium battery SOC value Md_limit, the internal combustion engine of the range extender is adjusted to work at the best fuel consumption point, and the insufficient power is provided by the battery . In the range-extended mode, the control strategy of the internal combustion power generation range extender is as follows:
1）当整车驱动需求功率P的预测值小于等于增程器内燃机最佳油耗工况点输出功率Popt时，调整增程器内燃机工况至最佳油耗工况点。此时内燃发电增程器实施恒功率控制，既给车辆提供动力来源，同时又给蓄电池充电。1) When the predicted value of the vehicle driving demand power P is less than or equal to the output power Popt of the best fuel consumption operating point of the internal combustion engine of the range extender, adjust the operating condition of the internal combustion engine of the range extender to the optimal fuel consumption operating point. At this time, the internal combustion power generation range extender implements constant power control, which not only provides a power source for the vehicle, but also charges the battery at the same time.
2）当整车驱动需求功率P的预测值大于增程器内燃机最佳油耗工况点输出功率Popt时，则需根据蓄电池的SOC预测值来决定内燃发电增程器工作模式。若蓄电池SOC值低于预先设定的最低蓄电池SOC值Dn_limit，内燃发电增程器沿内燃机经济运行线实施功率跟随控制，输出功率大小P+△P，富余功率△P用于给蓄电池充电；若蓄电池SOC值高于预先设定的中等蓄电池SOC值Md_limit，调整增程器内燃机工况至最佳油耗工况点Popt，不足功率P-Popt由蓄电池提供。2) When the predicted value of the driving demand power P of the vehicle is greater than the output power Popt of the best fuel consumption point of the internal combustion engine of the range extender, it is necessary to determine the working mode of the internal combustion power generation range extender according to the predicted value of SOC of the battery. If the battery SOC value is lower than the preset minimum battery SOC value Dn_limit, the internal combustion generator range extender implements power following control along the internal combustion engine economical operation line, the output power is P+△P, and the surplus power △P is used to charge the battery; if the battery If the SOC value is higher than the preset medium battery SOC value Md_limit, adjust the operating condition of the internal combustion engine of the range extender to the optimum fuel consumption point Popt, and the insufficient power P-Popt is provided by the battery.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1）基于蓄电池SOC值判定的增程器起停策略可以避免蓄电池的过度充电和放电，避免了内燃发电增程器的频繁起停。1) The start-stop strategy of the range extender based on the SOC value of the battery can avoid the overcharging and discharging of the battery, and avoid the frequent start and stop of the range extender with internal combustion power generation.
2）增程模式下，当整车驱动需求功率较低时，控制内燃发电增程器内燃机始终工作于经济运行线上的最佳油耗工况点的恒功率控制模式，有利于在保证车辆动力性的前提下，提高燃油的化学能到电能及机械能转化效率，增加续航里程。2) In the range-extending mode, when the driving power demand of the whole vehicle is low, the constant power control mode of controlling the internal combustion engine of the internal combustion power generation range extender to always work at the best fuel consumption point on the economical operation line is beneficial to ensure the power of the vehicle Under the premise of high efficiency, the conversion efficiency of fuel chemical energy to electrical energy and mechanical energy is improved, and the cruising range is increased.
3）增程模式下，当整车驱动需求功率较高时，内燃发电增程器恒功率与功率跟随模式交替实施、增程器为主蓄电池为辅的能量管理方式，一方面保证增程器内燃机始终处于经济运行线上运行保证续航里程，另一方面蓄电池始终处于浅充浅放状态，有利于延长电池寿命，同时符合电动车增加电能使用的优化宗旨。3) In the range-extending mode, when the driving power demand of the whole vehicle is high, the constant power and power following mode of the internal combustion generator range extender are alternately implemented, and the energy management method of the range extender as the main battery as the auxiliary, on the one hand, ensures that the range extender The internal combustion engine is always running on the economical line to ensure the cruising range. On the other hand, the battery is always in the state of shallow charge and shallow discharge, which is conducive to prolonging the life of the battery, and at the same time conforms to the optimization purpose of increasing the use of electric energy for electric vehicles.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是内燃发电增程式电动车动力系统示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the power system of an extended-range electric vehicle with internal combustion power generation;
图2是内燃发电增程器起停控制算法流程图；Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the start-stop control algorithm of the range extender for internal combustion power generation;
图3是增程模式下内燃发电增程器工况调整算法流程图；Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the working condition adjustment algorithm of the internal combustion power generation range extender in the range extender mode;
图4是增程器内燃机工况平面、经济运行线、最佳油耗工况点示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working condition plane of the internal combustion engine of the range extender, the economical operation line, and the best fuel consumption working condition point;
图5是满电初始条件下增程式电动车蓄电池SOC随时间变化的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the SOC of the extended-range electric vehicle battery changing with time under the initial condition of full charge.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
图1给出了内燃发电增程式电动车动力系统示意图，其中内燃机与ISG电机共轴相连组成内燃发电增程器。纯电动模式下，由蓄电池供给驱动电机及驱动电机控制器电源；增程模式下，内燃发电增程器起动并作为主要电源供给驱动电机及驱动电机控制器，蓄电池作为补充。Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the power system of an internal combustion power generation extended range electric vehicle, in which the internal combustion engine and the ISG motor are coaxially connected to form an internal combustion power generation range extender. In the pure electric mode, the battery supplies power to the driving motor and the driving motor controller; in the range-extending mode, the internal combustion power generation range extender starts and serves as the main power supply to the driving motor and the driving motor controller, and the battery serves as a supplement.
图2给出了内燃发电增程器起停控制方法流程图，增程器起停状态取决于当前蓄电池的剩余电量SOC值。根据蓄电池两端电压和充放电电流信息，结合开路电压法、安时积分法等蓄电池SOC检测方法，获得当前电动车蓄电池的SOC水平。将蓄电池SOC预测值与预先设定的蓄电池SOC阈值进行比较，确定增程器的工作状态，具体如下：Figure 2 shows the flow chart of the start-stop control method for the range extender with internal combustion power generation. The start-stop state of the range extender depends on the SOC value of the current battery's remaining power. According to the voltage at both ends of the battery and the charging and discharging current information, combined with the battery SOC detection methods such as the open circuit voltage method and the ampere-hour integration method, the current SOC level of the electric vehicle battery is obtained. Compare the battery SOC prediction value with the preset battery SOC threshold to determine the working status of the range extender, as follows:
1）当蓄电池的SOC值低于预先设定的最低蓄电池SOC值Dn_limit，则起动增程器；1) When the SOC value of the battery is lower than the preset minimum battery SOC value Dn_limit, the range extender is started;
2）当蓄电池的SOC值高于预先设定的最高蓄电池SOC值Up_limit，则关闭增程器；2) When the battery SOC value is higher than the preset maximum battery SOC value Up_limit, the range extender is turned off;
3）当蓄电池的SOC值在预先设定的最低蓄电池SOC值Dn_limit和最高蓄电池SOC值Up_limit之间，则增程器保持前一时刻工作状态。3) When the SOC value of the battery is between the preset minimum battery SOC value Dn_limit and the highest battery SOC value Up_limit, the range extender maintains the working state at the previous moment.
当蓄电池SOC预测值偏低，内燃发电增程器起动，电动车处于增程模式工作状态时，增程器工况调整遵循图3增程模式下内燃发电增程器工况调整算法流程图。根据驱动电机和驱动电机控制器放电电压和电流信息实时预测整车驱动功率需求，与增程器内燃机经济运行线上的最佳油耗工况点输出功率做对比。内燃机的经济运行线可通过其万有特性图获得，见图4。内燃机输出等功率线在万有特性图上表现为类双曲线，每条等功率线都有一个比油耗最小的工况点，将不同功率下的最低油耗工作点连成线就可获得内燃机的经济运行线。内燃机经济运行线上油耗最低的点称为最佳油耗工况点。根据整车驱动功率需求预测值与增程器内燃机最佳油耗工况点输出功率对比结果，结合蓄电池的SOC预测值，可获得内燃发电增程器所需要运行的最佳工况，具体算法如下：When the predicted value of SOC of the battery is low, the internal combustion power generation range extender is started, and the electric vehicle is in the working state of the range extender, the working condition adjustment of the range extender follows the flow chart of the operating condition adjustment algorithm of the internal combustion power generation range extender in the range extending mode in Figure 3. According to the discharge voltage and current information of the driving motor and the driving motor controller, the driving power demand of the whole vehicle is predicted in real time, and compared with the output power of the best fuel consumption point on the economical operation line of the internal combustion engine of the range extender. The economical operating line of the internal combustion engine can be obtained through its universal characteristic diagram, see Figure 4. The output equal power lines of the internal combustion engine are shown as quasi-hyperbolas on the universal characteristic diagram, and each equal power line has a working point with the minimum specific fuel consumption. economic line. The point with the lowest fuel consumption on the economical operation line of the internal combustion engine is called the best fuel consumption point. According to the comparison result of the predicted value of the driving power demand of the whole vehicle and the output power of the best fuel consumption operating point of the internal combustion engine of the range extender, combined with the predicted value of SOC of the battery, the optimal working condition required for the operation of the internal combustion power generation range extender can be obtained. The specific algorithm is as follows :
1）当整车驱动需求功率P的预测值小于等于增程器内燃机最佳油耗工况点输出功率Popt时，调整增程器内燃机工况至最佳油耗工况点。此时内燃发电增程器实施恒功率控制，既给车辆提供动力来源，同时又给蓄电池充电。1) When the predicted value of the vehicle driving demand power P is less than or equal to the output power Popt of the best fuel consumption operating point of the internal combustion engine of the range extender, adjust the operating condition of the internal combustion engine of the range extender to the optimal fuel consumption operating point. At this time, the internal combustion power generation range extender implements constant power control, which not only provides a power source for the vehicle, but also charges the battery at the same time.
2）当整车驱动需求功率P的预测值大于增程器内燃机最佳油耗工况点输出功率Popt时，则需根据蓄电池的SOC预测值来决定内燃发电增程器工作模式。若蓄电池SOC值低于预先设定的最低蓄电池SOC值Dn_limit，内燃发电增程器沿内燃机经济运行线实施功率跟随控制，输出功率大小P+△P，富余功率△P用于给蓄电池充电；若蓄电池SOC值高于预先设定的中等蓄电池SOC值Md_limit，调整增程器内燃机工况至最佳油耗工况点Popt，不足功率P-Popt由蓄电池提供。2) When the predicted value of the driving demand power P of the vehicle is greater than the output power Popt of the best fuel consumption point of the internal combustion engine of the range extender, it is necessary to determine the working mode of the internal combustion power generation range extender according to the predicted value of SOC of the battery. If the battery SOC value is lower than the preset minimum battery SOC value Dn_limit, the internal combustion generator range extender implements power following control along the internal combustion engine economical operation line, the output power is P+△P, and the surplus power △P is used to charge the battery; if the battery If the SOC value is higher than the preset medium battery SOC value Md_limit, adjust the operating condition of the internal combustion engine of the range extender to the optimum fuel consumption point Popt, and the insufficient power P-Popt is provided by the battery.
在本发明内燃发电增程式电动车整车能量管理算法下，图5给出了满电初始条件和定负载功率下蓄电池SOC值随时间变化的示意图。由于初始状态蓄电池电量充足，电动车处于纯电动行驶模式下，蓄电池SOC值逐步下降，直至到达预设最低阈值Dn_limit，内燃发电增程器起动，电动车切换至增程行驶模式。增程模式下，蓄电池SOC值周期变化，但分两种情况：Under the vehicle energy management algorithm of the internal combustion power generation extended-range electric vehicle of the present invention, Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the battery SOC value changing with time under the initial condition of full charge and constant load power. Due to the sufficient battery power in the initial state, the electric vehicle is in the pure electric driving mode, and the SOC value of the battery gradually decreases until it reaches the preset minimum threshold Dn_limit, the internal combustion power generation range extender starts, and the electric vehicle switches to the extended driving mode. In the range-extending mode, the SOC value of the battery changes periodically, but there are two situations:
1）当整车驱动需求功率较低时，控制内燃发电增程器内燃机始终工作于经济运行线上的最佳油耗工况点，实施恒功率控制模式，富余功率较多，蓄电池SOC值可以反充到Up_limit，直至增程器关闭。1) When the driving power demand of the whole vehicle is low, the internal combustion engine of the range extender is controlled to always work at the best fuel consumption point on the economical operation line, and the constant power control mode is implemented, so that there is more surplus power, and the SOC value of the battery can be reversed. Charge up to Up_limit until the range extender is turned off.
2）当整车驱动需求功率较高时，内燃发电增程器恒功率与功率跟随模式交替实施，采用增程器为主蓄电池为辅的能量管理方式。若蓄电池SOC值低于Dn_limit，内燃发电增程器沿内燃机经济运行线实施功率跟随控制，富余功率给蓄电池充电；若蓄电池SOC值高于Md_limit，增程器内燃机工作于最佳油耗工况点上，不足功率由蓄电池提供。因而蓄电池SOC值将在Md_limit和Dn_limit之间交替变化。2) When the driving power demand of the whole vehicle is high, the constant power and power following modes of the internal combustion generator range extender are implemented alternately, and the energy management method of the range extender as the main battery as the auxiliary is adopted. If the SOC value of the battery is lower than Dn_limit, the range extender of internal combustion power generation implements power following control along the economical operation line of the internal combustion engine, and the surplus power is charged to the battery; if the SOC value of the battery is higher than Md_limit, the internal combustion engine of the range extender works at the best fuel consumption point , insufficient power is provided by the battery. Thus the battery SOC value will alternate between Md_limit and Dn_limit.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410351762.6ACN104163114B (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2014-07-22 | A kind of car load energy management method for internal combustion power generating mileage increasing type electric vehicle |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410351762.6ACN104163114B (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2014-07-22 | A kind of car load energy management method for internal combustion power generating mileage increasing type electric vehicle |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104163114Atrue CN104163114A (en) | 2014-11-26 |
| CN104163114B CN104163114B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410351762.6AExpired - Fee RelatedCN104163114B (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2014-07-22 | A kind of car load energy management method for internal combustion power generating mileage increasing type electric vehicle |
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