技术领域technical field
本发明属于物联网技术领域，涉及一种物联网泛在设备资源模型的构建方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of the Internet of Things, and relates to a method for constructing a ubiquitous device resource model of the Internet of Things.
背景技术Background technique
现有网络体系的设计思想是一类网络支撑一种主要服务模式，不适应多种网络支撑多种类型的服务，无法满足人们对于服务的需求。在传统架构中，应用开发者在开发应用之前必须了解对应的设备类型及其数据格式后开发固定应用，且随着需求的变化，必须重新根据新类型设备的加入大量修改应用代码，因此其开发的灵活性较差，扩展性受限，代码复用性较低。The design idea of the existing network system is that one type of network supports one main service mode, which is not suitable for multiple networks to support various types of services, and cannot meet people's needs for services. In the traditional architecture, application developers must understand the corresponding device types and their data formats before developing applications, and then develop fixed applications. The flexibility is poor, the scalability is limited, and the code reusability is low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述技术存在的缺陷，提供一种物联网泛在设备资源模型的构建方法，通过资源层的引入，可以将物联网异构设备的不同功能单元封装为具有良好定义接口和规范的资源，并以松耦合的方式整合在一起，这样能有效地解决资源重用，增强异构组件之间的互操作问题。而统一的平台层的建设可以整合种类繁多的行业终端、个人终端，通过统一、规范的接入管理，提供端到端的服务支持，从而实现规模化发展。其具体技术方案为：The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned technologies, and provide a method for constructing a ubiquitous device resource model of the Internet of Things. Through the introduction of the resource layer, different functional units of the heterogeneous devices of the Internet of Things can be packaged as having well-defined interfaces and Standardized resources are integrated in a loosely coupled manner, which can effectively solve resource reuse and enhance interoperability between heterogeneous components. The construction of a unified platform layer can integrate a wide variety of industry terminals and personal terminals, and provide end-to-end service support through unified and standardized access management, thereby achieving large-scale development. Its specific technical plan is:
一种物联网泛在设备资源模型的构建方法，包括以下步骤：A method for constructing a ubiquitous device resource model of the Internet of Things, comprising the following steps:
步骤1：感执层设备上电以后，首先向网关发送设备发现包，在收到网关回复的ACK消息后，向网关顺序发送描述自身能力的数据包。Step 1: After the sensor layer device is powered on, it first sends a device discovery packet to the gateway, and after receiving the ACK message replied by the gateway, it sequentially sends data packets describing its own capabilities to the gateway.
步骤2：得到描述设备能力的数据包后，解析数据包。得到设备能力，将设备拥有的不同能力抽象为不同的资源，建立资源模型。Step 2: After obtaining the data packet describing the capabilities of the device, parse the data packet. Obtain the device capabilities, abstract the different capabilities of the device into different resources, and establish a resource model.
步骤3：从设备能力描述包中获得访问设备抽象资源的URI(统一资源标识符)信息。Step 3: Obtain URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) information for accessing the abstract resource of the device from the device capability description package.
步骤4：从设备能力描述包中得到上述设备抽象资源对应的动作描述信息。Step 4: Obtain the action description information corresponding to the above device abstract resource from the device capability description package.
步骤5：从设备能力描述包中得到上述设备抽象资源所对应的属性信息。Step 5: Obtain attribute information corresponding to the above-mentioned device abstract resource from the device capability description package.
步骤6：屏蔽底层的设备异构性，生成XML格式的资源模型描述文件，统一以资源的形式提供给平台。Step 6: Shield the underlying device heterogeneity, generate a resource model description file in XML format, and provide it to the platform in the form of resources.
优选地，描述资源的资源模型中，需根据关键属性得到资源的资源实例信息。资源实例信息用来区分不同属性的同名资源。Preferably, in the resource model describing the resource, the resource instance information of the resource needs to be obtained according to the key attribute. Resource instance information is used to distinguish resources with the same name with different attributes.
优选地，对于同一资源的不同资源实例，避免其他相同信息的重复描述，对每个资源都有资源实例的描述信息。Preferably, for different resource instances of the same resource, repeated description of other identical information is avoided, and description information of resource instances is provided for each resource.
优选地，若资源的某个属性支持事件功能，当有上层应用对资源的此属性进行了事件定义，需根据事件定义信息得到资源的事件实例描述信息。Preferably, if a certain attribute of the resource supports the event function, when an upper layer application defines an event for this attribute of the resource, it needs to obtain the event instance description information of the resource according to the event definition information.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
与传统的三层物联网体系架构相比，通过资源层的引入，可以将物联网异构设备的不同功能单元封装为具有良好定义接口和规范的资源，并以松耦合的方式整合在一起，这样能有效地解决资源重用，增强异构组件之间的互操作问题。而统一的平台层的建设可以整合种类繁多的行业终端、个人终端，通过统一、规范的接入管理，提供端到端的服务支持，从而实现规模化发展。在资源模型中，资源实例对资源类进行实例化，一个资源类可能包含一个或多个资源实例，因此由XML的自定义标签<instanceList>标识资源实例列表，其中多个实例的冗余信息(包括动作和属性的共同描述)在上面介绍的两对标签中描述，而由<instance>标签划分的每个实例之间，用于互相区分的属性或属性族由一组或多组<StateVariable>描述，这种描述方式保证了对资源模型的完整呈现。Compared with the traditional three-tier IoT architecture, through the introduction of the resource layer, different functional units of IoT heterogeneous devices can be encapsulated into resources with well-defined interfaces and specifications, and integrated together in a loosely coupled manner. This can effectively solve resource reuse and enhance interoperability between heterogeneous components. The construction of a unified platform layer can integrate a wide variety of industry terminals and personal terminals, and provide end-to-end service support through unified and standardized access management, thereby achieving large-scale development. In the resource model, the resource instance instantiates the resource class, and a resource class may contain one or more resource instances, so the XML custom tag <instanceList> identifies the resource instance list, and the redundant information of multiple instances ( Common descriptions including actions and attributes) are described in the two pairs of tags introduced above, and between each instance divided by the <instance> tag, the attributes or attribute families used to distinguish each other are composed of one or more groups of <StateVariable> Description, this description method guarantees the complete presentation of the resource model.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是面向资源的物联网体系架构模型的结构图；Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a resource-oriented IoT architecture model;
图2是物联网泛在设备资源模型的构建方法的流程图。FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a ubiquitous device resource model of the Internet of Things.
图3是XML格式的资源模型描述示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of resource model description in XML format.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
组成该体系架构的系统组件，以平台为界，在结构上架构分为两部分。The system components that make up the architecture are divided into two parts structurally, with the platform as the boundary.
图1为物联网资源支撑系统的组成部分，包括了设备、设备群和网关。上面是应用数据系统，包括了支持应用的web服务器群和定位资源的资源服务器群，其软件架构用来获取平台资源的内容，以及资源提供方式。中间为业务平台，综合管理网络资源的鉴权、识别、控制、管理等功能。Figure 1 shows the components of the IoT resource support system, including devices, device groups and gateways. The above is the application data system, including the web server group supporting the application and the resource server group for locating resources. Its software architecture is used to obtain the content of platform resources and the way resources are provided. In the middle is the service platform, which comprehensively manages functions such as authentication, identification, control, and management of network resources.
1、设备、设备群1. Equipment and equipment group
物联网的数据来源是海量的，地理位置分散，方式多种多样，基于此需求，设备节点必须是分布的，集群的。物联网设备是具有某种能力，包含某种资源的设备，包含传感器节点、RFID或智能设备。设备群是处于某种地理位置、组合成为能够提供某用能力的设备群体。设备和设备群是提供数据挖掘的原始材料，也是系统的有效数据来源。The data sources of the Internet of Things are massive, geographically dispersed, and in various ways. Based on this requirement, device nodes must be distributed and clustered. An IoT device is a device that has certain capabilities and contains certain resources, including sensor nodes, RFID or smart devices. A device group is a group of devices located in a certain geographical location and combined to provide a certain capability. Equipment and equipment groups are the raw materials for data mining and also the effective data source of the system.
2、网关2. Gateway
由于需要应对种类繁多的硬件设备，他们的数据传输方式各有不同，在设备和设备群的管理上将会是十分复杂的。网关设备是支持整个系统运行的基础，资源层的核心模块在其上实现。首先它是一个具备一定计算能力的嵌入式设备，承担了系统感知层识别，同时，网络层接入的所有需求，需要识别和统一不同源的数据格式，数据访问方式，数据传输方式，进行资源格式化，提供资源的描述信息，资源调用接口，执行某些专项策略，并且具备一定数据表现能力等等，因此为了划分功能十分复杂的网关系统，将功能模块化，由资源层和网络层各自负责通信处理模块和数据处理模块，减少功能的耦合性。其内部功能的设计与实现方式参考之后章节。Due to the need to deal with a wide variety of hardware devices, their data transmission methods are different, and the management of devices and device groups will be very complicated. The gateway device is the basis for supporting the operation of the entire system, and the core modules of the resource layer are implemented on it. First of all, it is an embedded device with a certain computing power, which undertakes the identification of the system perception layer. At the same time, all the requirements for network layer access need to identify and unify the data formats, data access methods, data transmission methods, and resources of different sources. Formatting, providing resource description information, resource call interface, implementing certain special strategies, and having certain data representation capabilities, etc. Therefore, in order to divide the gateway system with very complex functions, the functions are modularized, and the resource layer and the network layer are respectively Responsible for the communication processing module and data processing module, reducing the coupling of functions. Refer to the following chapters for the design and implementation of its internal functions.
3、业务平台3. Business platform
平台作为下层设备和上层应用的接口，提供了通用的功能，比如数据访问，服务提供等。而对于平台的需求第一是将资源泛化为具体的业务流程和数据信息。第二，需要考虑到资源的安全性和私有性处理数据，存储和管理它所部属的资源。它是业务的功能基础模块，好的运营平台能够为用户群提供更加专业化的数据服务。As an interface between lower-layer devices and upper-layer applications, the platform provides common functions, such as data access and service provision. The first requirement for the platform is to generalize resources into specific business processes and data information. Second, data needs to be processed, stored and managed with the security and privacy of resources in mind. It is the functional basic module of the business, and a good operation platform can provide more professional data services for the user group.
4、资源服务器4. Resource server
资源服务器，就是对整个体系结构提供多请求资源定位的系统，它主要面向应用群提供服务。当多个应用请求相同资源时，资源服务器分析信息后，仅向网关发送一次资源请求信息，以减少网络通信量，避免造成不必要的浪费。The resource server is a system that provides multi-request resource positioning for the entire architecture, and it mainly provides services for application groups. When multiple applications request the same resource, the resource server will only send resource request information to the gateway once after analyzing the information, so as to reduce network traffic and avoid unnecessary waste.
本发明认为，物联网业务纷繁复杂，如果为每个业务都定义一套运行流程，显然是繁琐、不科学的，因此，可将物联网网络终端能力的基本类型进行抽象，并采用适当的规则、约束条件对这些基本类型进行组合与重用，以灵活地生成各式各样的物联网应用业务。According to the present invention, the Internet of Things business is complicated, and it is obviously cumbersome and unscientific to define a set of operation procedures for each business. Therefore, the basic types of Internet of Things network terminal capabilities can be abstracted and appropriate rules can be adopted Combining and reusing these basic types according to constraints and constraints to flexibly generate various IoT application services.
从宏观角度将物联网网络终端看做资源，并采用引入资源层层次结构的思想对物联网体系架构进行功能层次划分，支持物联网业务平台对物联网资源的识别、管控。这样做也利于物联网整体架构的开发人员专注于某个层次的技术手段，通过层次之间的接口交互，从而降低物联网开发的复杂性和耦合性。From a macro perspective, the Internet of Things network terminals are regarded as resources, and the idea of introducing a resource layer hierarchy is used to divide the functional layers of the Internet of Things system architecture, and support the identification and management of Internet of Things resources by the Internet of Things business platform. Doing so also helps the developers of the overall architecture of the Internet of Things to focus on a certain level of technical means and interact through interfaces between layers, thereby reducing the complexity and coupling of the development of the Internet of Things.
设备的即插即用机制是指网络中各种程序和设备能够声明自己的功能以及提供的服务，而应用业务则可以在鉴权过后自动发现并访问所需资源的一种机制。The plug-and-play mechanism of devices refers to a mechanism in which various programs and devices in the network can declare their own functions and services, and application services can automatically discover and access required resources after authentication.
资源层功能的设计要求是：The design requirements of the resource layer function are:
1、保证用户可以通过服务的某些给定属性信息查找到所需的资源；1. Ensure that users can find the required resources through certain given attribute information of the service;
2、允许用户可以基于服务的访问方式来请求资源；2. Allow users to request resources based on the access method of the service;
3、支持平台在对整个资源一无所知的条件下获取资源信息；3. Support the platform to obtain resource information without knowing anything about the entire resource;
4、实现一种机制保证在新节点进入物联网网络时它所提供的资源可以被发现；4. Implement a mechanism to ensure that the resources provided by a new node can be discovered when it enters the IoT network;
5、实现一种机制保证在节点失效时可以判断服务不可使用；5. Implement a mechanism to ensure that the service can be judged to be unavailable when the node fails;
6、保证资源的唯一性；6. Guarantee the uniqueness of resources;
7、支持网关对资源发现信息的缓存，快速的创建和定义新资源，以提高即插即用的速度。7. Support the gateway to cache resource discovery information, quickly create and define new resources, so as to improve the speed of plug and play.
资源模型统一了物联网网络资源，资源描述则涵盖资源外部关系、内部结构和本身特征三个层次。即描述怎样、何时、谁收集了哪些特定的信息，还有这些信息的格式为何。The resource model unifies the network resources of the Internet of Things, and the resource description covers three levels: the external relationship of the resource, the internal structure and its own characteristics. That is, describing how, when, and by whom specific information was collected, and in what format that information was collected.
作为数据信息交换和网络计算基础的可扩展标记语言(XML)，其已经成为网络上通用的描述语言。通过具有平台无关性的XML来表达信息，可以跨越平台、设备传递数据[36]。同时，XML具有如下优点：Extensible Markup Language (XML), which is the basis of data information exchange and network computing, has become a common description language on the network. Information is expressed through platform-independent XML, and data can be transmitted across platforms and devices[36] . At the same time, XML has the following advantages:
1、简单的数据交换。在XML中，可以使用文本格式的配置方式保存数据和标记。同时可以使用固定的XML编辑器或其他软件编写XML文档，没有强制性的要求，当需要检查错误时，可以放入W3C网站直接检查和修改文档。同时，需要描述的数据量较大时，使用XML更加高效的。1. Simple data exchange. In XML, you can save data and markup in a text format configuration. At the same time, you can use a fixed XML editor or other software to write XML documents. There is no mandatory requirement. When you need to check for errors, you can directly check and modify documents on the W3C website. At the same time, when the amount of data to be described is large, it is more efficient to use XML.
2、可自定制标签。在XML中，可以使用自己定义的标志语言，这反映出XML强大的功能，不仅如此，还可以与他人创建的XML标记相融合，进行扩展、添加使用，从而达到复用的目的。2. You can customize the label. In XML, you can use your own defined markup language, which reflects the powerful functions of XML. Not only that, but also can be integrated with XML tags created by others, extended and added, so as to achieve the purpose of reuse.
3、自描述数据。XML可以用纯ASCII编写，也可以用几种其他定义好的格式来编写，因此在其基本的模式规定之上，数据格式的扩展性非常灵活。ASCII文本在丢失一些字或者相当多的字节时，剩下的数据还是可以读取的。因此，XML语言具有自描述性。3. Self-describing data. XML can be written in pure ASCII, or in several other well-defined formats, so beyond its basic schema specification, the extensibility of the data format is very flexible. When ASCII text loses some words or quite a lot of bytes, the rest of the data can still be read. Therefore, the XML language is self-describing.
4、结构化的数据。XML的使用者不但可以指定数据内容，还可以为指定的数据的设计灵活的结构，同时也可以将不同的元素组合成其它的元素。这一点对于扩展处理复杂的量级数据极为重要。4. Structured data. XML users can not only specify the data content, but also design a flexible structure for the specified data, and can also combine different elements into other elements. This is extremely important for scaling to handle complex magnitude data.
因此，选用XML语言描述网络中资源的详细内容，使其被资源管理平台识别、解析，并为用户查阅。Therefore, XML language is used to describe the detailed content of resources in the network, so that it can be identified, analyzed by the resource management platform, and consulted by users.
本发明中设计的资源模型，使用以XML为基础的网络描述语言，描述物联网网络泛在资源，其描述标签和格式的定义如下：The resource model designed in the present invention uses the network description language based on XML to describe the ubiquitous resources of the Internet of Things network, and its description tags and formats are defined as follows:
在资源描述中，各字段意义以及取值如下。In the resource description, the meanings and values of each field are as follows.
三个设备携带的资源类S1、S2、S3为例，图3展示XML语言描述的网络资源信息的摘要字段示例。The resource classes S1, S2, and S3 carried by the three devices are taken as an example, and FIG. 3 shows an example of a summary field of network resource information described in XML language.
如图可以看出，标签对<resourceList>表明当前网关所管理的网络设备的资源列表，标识网络资源队列。由于一个网关所管理的网络中存在多个传感器或RFID设备，因此网关设备需要管理多个资源信息，本例中的列表包含三个资源为S1，S2，S3。As can be seen from the figure, the tag pair <resourceList> indicates the resource list of the network device managed by the current gateway, and identifies the network resource queue. Since there are multiple sensors or RFID devices in the network managed by a gateway, the gateway device needs to manage multiple resource information. The list in this example contains three resources named S1, S2, and S3.
以资源类S2为例，多个设备可以支持这种资源的能力，此时，在网关接收的信息中会出现同一资源的重复描述信息，但从全网角度看仅为一种能力，因此需要通过抽象整合后，将这些重复信息以一种资源的形式告知平台即可，标签对<resource>单独描述这种资源，网关处理时仅需记录一遍描述信息和多个设备的对应关系。在每个资源的描述基本信息中，其访问接口使用URL标签标识而命名规则的格式为：Taking the resource class S2 as an example, multiple devices can support this resource capability. At this time, repeated description information of the same resource will appear in the information received by the gateway, but it is only one capability from the perspective of the entire network, so it is necessary to After abstraction and integration, it is enough to inform the platform of these repeated information in the form of a resource. The tag pair <resource> describes this resource separately, and the gateway only needs to record the corresponding relationship between the description information and multiple devices when processing. In the description basic information of each resource, its access interface is identified by the URL tag and the format of the naming rule is:
/IP/resource/资源名/实例名/动作名/属性键-值对，具体如图3所示。/IP/resource/resource name/instance name/action name/attribute key-value pair, as shown in Figure 3.
每种资源的动作和属性描述列表由<resource>的子标签对<actionList>与<resourceStateTable>标记，与资源标签的标识方式相同，为了处理一对多的映射关系，使用<action>和<Variable>标签单独描述所述资源的每个动作和属性信息。The action and attribute description list of each resource is marked by <actionList> and <resourceStateTable> sub-tags of <resource>, which are identified in the same way as resource tags. In order to handle one-to-many mapping, use <action> and <Variable The > tag individually describes each action and attribute information of said resource.
在资源模型中，资源实例对资源类进行实例化，一个资源类可能包含一个或多个资源实例，因此由XML的自定义标签<instanceList>标识资源实例列表，其中多个实例的冗余信息(包括动作和属性的共同描述)在上面介绍的两对标签中描述，而由<instance>标签划分的每个实例之间，用于互相区分的属性或属性族由一组或多组<StateVariable>描述，这种描述方式保证了对资源模型的完整呈现。In the resource model, the resource instance instantiates the resource class, and a resource class may contain one or more resource instances, so the XML custom tag <instanceList> identifies the resource instance list, and the redundant information of multiple instances ( Common descriptions including actions and attributes) are described in the two pairs of tags introduced above, and between each instance divided by the <instance> tag, the attributes or attribute families used to distinguish each other are composed of one or more groups of <StateVariable> Description, this description method guarantees the complete presentation of the resource model.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，本发明的保护范围不限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可显而易见地得到的技术方案的简单变化或等效替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can obviously obtain the simplicity of the technical solution. Changes or equivalent replacements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410360027.1ACN104144215B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | A kind of construction method of the ubiquitous device resource model of Internet of Things |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410360027.1ACN104144215B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | A kind of construction method of the ubiquitous device resource model of Internet of Things |
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| CN104144215Atrue CN104144215A (en) | 2014-11-12 |
| CN104144215B CN104144215B (en) | 2017-10-10 |
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| CN201410360027.1AExpired - Fee RelatedCN104144215B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | A kind of construction method of the ubiquitous device resource model of Internet of Things |
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