技术领域technical field
本发明属于双金属层状复合线材制备技术领域，具体涉及一种双金属层状复合线材拉拔成形方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of bimetallic layered composite wires, and in particular relates to a drawing forming method of bimetallic layered composite wires.
技术背景technical background
双金属层状复合线材是由两组元金属材料通过特殊的制备加工方法，在基体金属线材表面复合一层复层金属材料而成的。与单一组元金属线材相比，经过合理设计复合成形的双金属层状复合线材结合了两组元金属材料各自的优点，不仅可以节约贵金属用量，而且可以获得单一组元金属材料所不具有的物理、化学、力学及可焊接等性能[黄伯云，李成功，石力开，邱冠周，左铁镛.中国材料工程大典（第5卷有色金属材料工程（下））[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2006]。近年来，随着科学技术的高速发展，双金属层状复合线材的研制、生产和应用越来越受到重视，成为各国竞相研制的高性能新金属材料之一。迄今为止，双金属层状复合线材已在航空、航天、石油、化工、冶金、机械、汽车、轮船、建筑、核能、电力、电子以及日常生活等领域得到了广泛应用[屠海令主编.有色金属进展（第七卷）[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社，[1995]。The double-metal layered composite wire is made of a two-component metal material compounded with a layer of multi-layer metal material on the surface of the base metal wire through a special preparation and processing method. Compared with the single-element metal wire, the rationally designed and compound-formed bimetallic layered composite wire combines the respective advantages of the two-element metal materials, which can not only save the amount of precious metals, but also obtain the advantages that the single-element metal materials do not have. Physical, chemical, mechanical and weldable properties [Huang Boyun, Li Chenggong, Shi Likai, Qiu Guanzhou, Zuo Tieyong. Chinese Materials Engineering Compendium (Volume 5 Nonferrous Metal Materials Engineering (Part 2)) [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2006]. In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, more and more attention has been paid to the development, production and application of bimetallic layered composite wires, and it has become one of the high-performance new metal materials developed by various countries. So far, bimetallic layered composite wires have been widely used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, machinery, automobiles, ships, construction, nuclear energy, electric power, electronics, and daily life [Edited by Tu Hailing. Advances in Nonferrous Metals (Volume VII) [M]. Changsha: Central South University of Technology Press, [1995].
双金属层状复合线材的传统生产方法主要包括轧制复合、挤压复合、铸造复合、热浸镀以及电镀等，都在一定程度上发挥了积极作用，在一些双金属层状复合线材的制备上得到了实际应用。但是，这些传统的双金属层状复合线材成形方法仍然存在着各自的缺点和不足，例如设备投入大、复合界面质量较差、包覆比难以精确控制、复合线材的质量和性能不稳定以及难以满足不断提高的使用要求等问题。The traditional production methods of bimetallic laminated composite wire mainly include rolling cladding, extrusion cladding, casting cladding, hot dipping and electroplating, etc., which have played an active role to a certain extent. In the preparation of some bimetallic laminated composite wires has been practically applied. However, these traditional bimetallic layered composite wire forming methods still have their own shortcomings and deficiencies, such as large investment in equipment, poor composite interface quality, difficult precise control of cladding ratio, unstable quality and performance of composite wire, and difficult To meet the ever-increasing use requirements and other issues.
套管拉拔法是制备双金属层状复合线材的另一种传统方法，通过利用金属管坯包套相应尺寸的异种金属棒坯，制成包套复合坯料，经室温拉拔获得界面为机械结合的双金属层状复合线材，紧接着进行较长时间扩散退火处理后，获得复层金属沿周向及纵向均匀分布的双金属层状复合线材。但是，传统套管拉拔法也存在着扩散退火时间长、能源消耗大，复合界面的结合质量难以控制、界面扩散层较厚、界面易生成金属间化合物；由于是室温拉拔，两种金属之间加工硬化速率差别大、塑性变形协调困难，两种金属难以同步变形、拉拔易断线，成材率低，包覆比精确控制难度大，产品的质量和性能难以满足使用要求，以及不利于制备直径1mm以下微细双金属层状复合线材等问题。The casing drawing method is another traditional method for preparing bimetallic layered composite wires. By using a metal tube blank to wrap a dissimilar metal rod blank of the corresponding size, a cladding composite blank is made, and the interface is mechanically obtained by drawing at room temperature. The combined bimetal layered composite wire is then subjected to a long-time diffusion annealing treatment to obtain a bimetal layered composite wire in which the clad metal is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction. However, the traditional sleeve drawing method also has the disadvantages of long diffusion annealing time, high energy consumption, difficulty in controlling the bonding quality of the composite interface, thick interfacial diffusion layer, and easy generation of intermetallic compounds at the interface; There is a large difference in work hardening rate between them, difficulty in plastic deformation coordination, difficulty in synchronous deformation of the two metals, easy wire breakage during drawing, low yield, difficulty in precise control of cladding ratio, difficulty in product quality and performance to meet the requirements of use, and unfavorable It is beneficial to the preparation of fine bimetallic layered composite wires with a diameter of less than 1mm.
因此，亟待开发一种获得包覆比精确控制和界面质量优异的高质量双金属层状复合线材的高效率、节能降耗、低成本生产方法。Therefore, it is urgent to develop a high-efficiency, energy-saving, and low-cost production method for obtaining high-quality bimetallic layered composite wires with precise control of cladding ratio and excellent interface quality.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是采用内表面经过处理的金属（以下简称“复层金属”）管坯包套表面经过处理的异种金属（以下简称“芯部金属”）棒材，在室温条件下进行单道次拉拔预复合（以下简称“套管复合预冷拉”），获得预复合双金属层状复合线坯（以下简称“预复合线坯”），然后对预复合线坯进行加热，使预复合线坯的温度达到后续拉拔所需的温度（以下简称“拉拔温度”），接着使预复合线坯通过保温模具，进行一定温度下的单道次或多道次拉拔（以下简称“控温拉拔”），在控温拉拔道次间可以进行单道次或多道次室温拉拔，然后进行室温精拉，可以根据需要进行后续热处理，制备得到高质量的双金属层状复合线材。在室温下对复层金属管坯的内表面和芯部金属棒材的表面进行清洗、打磨等处理，并采用复层金属管坯包套芯部金属棒材；然后，进行一定变形程度的室温单道次拉拔，使得复层金属和芯部金属的待复合界面实现紧密贴合，获得预复合线坯，有利于极大地降低后续控温拉拔前所需的加热温度、缩短加热时间，排除界面间的空气以便防止复合界面发生氧化；接着对预复合线坯进行在线或离线快速加热，使得预复合线坯快速升温至后续控温拉拔所需的拉拔温度，确保加热过程中预复合线坯发生软化的同时，其复合界面仅发生元素扩散获得所需厚度的扩散层而不生成金属间化合物；最后将预复合线坯穿过被加热且温度保持在拉拔温度的模具，保证被加热到拉拔温度的预复合线坯在进入模具时温度不会骤然下降，同时顺利进行单道次或多道次大变形量控温拉拔，确保进一步变形复合，促进复合界面处金属元素的原子发生扩散实现有效的冶金结合；在控温拉拔道次间适时增加室温拉拔道次是为了进行包覆比的精确调控；室温精拉有利于获得优异的表面质量和所需尺寸和性能，制备得到高质量的双金属层状复合线材；后续热处理是为了满足双金属层状复合线材的使用性能要求。在此基础上，通过解决套管复合预冷拉、控温拉拔、室温精拉之间的变形协调性以及控温拉拔时预复合线坯和模具的温度控制、全过程工艺参数的合理匹配以及包覆比的精确控制等问题，开发一种将金属管坯包套异种金属棒材、室温下单道次拉拔预复合、快速加热、单道次或多道次控温拉拔冶金复合及单道次或多道次室温精拉相结合的双金属层状复合线材的拉拔成形方法，改变传统轧制复合、挤压复合、铸造复合、热浸镀、电镀及套管拉拔等双金属层状复合线材制备方法存在的设备投入大、双金属间协调大塑性变形困难、复合界面质量较差、包覆比难以精确控制、复合线材的质量和性能不稳定、难以满足不断提高的使用要求，以及无法用于难加工或界面易生成金属间化合物金属的复合等不足，实现高效率、节能降耗、低成本生产高质量双金属层状复合线材等目的。The present invention adopts the metal (hereinafter referred to as "clad metal") whose inner surface has been treated (hereinafter referred to as "clad metal"), and the surface of the tube blank sheath of which is treated with dissimilar metal (hereinafter referred to as "core metal") rod, and is drawn in a single pass at room temperature. Pulling and pre-compositing (hereinafter referred to as "casing compound pre-cooling") to obtain a pre-composited bimetallic layered composite wire billet (hereinafter referred to as "pre-composite wire billet"), and then heating the pre-compound wire billet to make the pre-compound wire The temperature of the billet reaches the temperature required for subsequent drawing (hereinafter referred to as "drawing temperature"), and then the pre-composite wire blank passes through the heat preservation mold for single-pass or multi-pass drawing at a certain temperature (hereinafter referred to as "controlling temperature"). temperature drawing"), between the temperature-controlled drawing passes, single-pass or multi-pass room-temperature drawing can be carried out, and then room-temperature fine drawing can be carried out, and subsequent heat treatment can be carried out as required to prepare high-quality bimetallic layered composites wire. At room temperature, the inner surface of the clad metal tube blank and the surface of the core metal bar are cleaned and polished, and the core metal bar is wrapped with a clad metal tube blank; then, a certain degree of deformation is carried out at room temperature Single-pass drawing makes the cladding metal and the core metal to be bonded closely, and obtains the pre-composite wire billet, which is conducive to greatly reducing the heating temperature and shortening the heating time required before the subsequent temperature-controlled drawing. Exclude the air between the interfaces to prevent oxidation of the composite interface; then quickly heat the pre-composite wire billet online or offline, so that the temperature of the pre-compound wire billet can be quickly raised to the drawing temperature required for subsequent temperature-controlled drawing, ensuring that the pre-composite wire billet is heated during the heating process. While the composite wire billet is softening, only elemental diffusion occurs at the composite interface to obtain a diffusion layer of the required thickness without intermetallic compounds; finally, the pre-composite wire billet is passed through a mold that is heated and kept at the drawing temperature to ensure The temperature of the pre-composite wire blank heated to the drawing temperature will not drop suddenly when it enters the mold, and at the same time, single-pass or multi-pass large deformation and temperature-controlled drawing can be carried out smoothly, ensuring further deformation and compounding, and promoting metal elements at the compound interface Diffusion of the atoms in the material can achieve effective metallurgical bonding; timely increase of room temperature drawing passes between temperature control drawing passes is for the precise regulation of cladding ratio; room temperature fine drawing is conducive to obtaining excellent surface quality and required size and Performance, high-quality bimetallic layered composite wire is prepared; subsequent heat treatment is to meet the performance requirements of the bimetallic layered composite wire. On this basis, by solving the deformation coordination between casing composite pre-cooling drawing, temperature-controlled drawing, and room temperature finishing drawing, as well as the temperature control of the pre-composite wire billet and mold during temperature-controlled drawing, and the reasonableness of the process parameters in the whole process Matching and precise control of cladding ratio, etc., to develop a metallurgical method of wrapping metal tube blanks on dissimilar metal rods, single-pass drawing pre-compounding at room temperature, rapid heating, single-pass or multi-pass temperature-controlled drawing The drawing forming method of bimetallic layered composite wire combined with composite and single-pass or multi-pass room temperature fine drawing, changing the traditional rolling composite, extrusion composite, casting composite, hot-dip plating, electroplating and casing drawing The preparation methods of bimetallic layered composite wires include large equipment investment, difficulty in coordinating large plastic deformation between bimetals, poor quality of composite interface, difficulty in precise control of cladding ratio, unstable quality and performance of composite wires, and difficulty in meeting continuous improvement. The use requirements, and the inability to be used for the compounding of metals that are difficult to process or easily form intermetallic compounds at the interface, to achieve high efficiency, energy saving, and low-cost production of high-quality bimetallic layered composite wires.
一种双金属层状复合线材拉拔成形方法，包括如下步骤：A method for drawing and forming bimetal layered composite wires, comprising the steps of:
（1）坯料表面处理：在室温下对表面清洁处理后的复层金属管坯的内表面和芯部金属棒材的表面进行打磨处理；(1) Blank surface treatment: at room temperature, the inner surface of the clad metal tube blank after the surface cleaning treatment and the surface of the core metal bar are polished;
（2）包套复合：在室温下采用复层金属管坯包套芯部金属棒材，获得包套复合坯料；(2) Sheath compounding: at room temperature, the core metal bar is wrapped with a multi-layer metal tube blank to obtain a sheath composite blank;
（3）室温预冷拉：对包套复合坯料进行轧尖，随后进行室温单道次套管复合预冷拉，实现预复合，拉拔变形率为5%～30%，获得预复合线坯；(3) Pre-cooling drawing at room temperature: Carry out point rolling on the sheathing composite billet, and then carry out single-pass casing composite pre-cooling drawing at room temperature to achieve pre-compounding. The drawing deformation rate is 5% to 30%, and the pre-compounding wire billet is obtained ;
（4）预复合线坯轧尖：对预复合线坯进行轧尖、打磨；(4) Sharpening of pre-composite wire billets: sharpening and grinding of pre-composite wire billets;
（5）快速加热：将轧尖后的预复合线坯放入炉内温度已达到拉拔温度的离线电阻炉中加热并保温3～5min，或者采用离线或在线电流加热装置或感应加热装置在2～10s内将轧尖后的预复合线坯加热至拉拔温度，同时对模具也进行加热并保持其温度为拉拔温度；(5) Rapid heating: put the pre-composite wire billet after pointing into the offline resistance furnace whose temperature has reached the drawing temperature and heat it for 3 to 5 minutes, or use an offline or online current heating device or an induction heating device in the Heat the pre-composite wire billet after sharpening to the drawing temperature within 2 to 10 seconds, and at the same time heat the mold and keep its temperature at the drawing temperature;
（6）控温拉拔：紧接着将快速加热后的预复合线坯穿过加热并保温的模具，进行单道次或多道次控温拉拔，拉拔道次变形率为4%～60%，获得中间复合线坯；(6) Temperature-controlled drawing: Immediately pass the rapidly heated pre-composite wire billet through the heated and insulated mold for single-pass or multi-pass temperature-controlled drawing. The deformation rate of each drawing pass is 4%~ 60%, to obtain intermediate composite wire billets;
（7）室温精拉：继续对控温拉拔后的中间复合线坯进行单道次或多道次室温精拉，拉拔道次变形率为2%～40%，制备得到高质量的双金属层状复合线材。(7) Fine drawing at room temperature: continue to carry out single or multi-pass room temperature fine drawing on the intermediate composite wire billet after temperature-controlled drawing. The deformation rate of each drawing pass is 2% to 40%, and high-quality double Metal layered composite wire.
所述金属可以是纯金属、合金或金属复合材料，均为退火态或铸态。The metal can be pure metal, alloy or metal composite material, all in annealed or cast state.
所述复层金属与所述芯部金属为异种金属。The cladding metal and the core metal are dissimilar metals.
所述芯部金属棒材的直径为所述复层金属管坯内径的0.5～0.99倍。The diameter of the core metal rod is 0.5-0.99 times the inner diameter of the clad metal tube blank.
所述拉拔温度为所述复层金属和所述芯部金属中熔点最低金属的熔点（单位是K）的0.2～0.9倍。The drawing temperature is 0.2 to 0.9 times the melting point (in K) of the metal with the lowest melting point among the cladding metal and the core metal.
在所述控温拉拔的部分道次之间，根据包覆比调控的需要，可以增加单道次或多道次的室温拉拔，室温拉拔道次变形率为4%～40%。Between part of the passes of the temperature-controlled drawing, according to the needs of the control of the coating ratio, a single pass or multiple passes of room temperature drawing can be added, and the deformation rate of the room temperature drawing passes is 4% to 40%.
可以根据需要对所述双金属层状复合线材进行后续热处理，热处理温度为所述复层金属和所述芯部金属中熔点最低金属的熔点（单位是K）的0.2～0.9倍，热处理时间为1~10min。Subsequent heat treatment can be performed on the bimetallic layered composite wire as required. The heat treatment temperature is 0.2 to 0.9 times the melting point (in K) of the metal with the lowest melting point among the cladding metal and the core metal, and the heat treatment time is 1~10min.
与现有的双金属层状复合线材制备方法相比，本发明将金属管坯包套异种金属棒材、室温下单道次拉拔预复合、快速加热、单道次或多道次控温拉拔冶金复合与单道次或多道次室温精拉相结合，实现复层金属和芯部金属的协调大塑性变形，制备高质量双金属层状复合线材，具有复合界面结合强度高、扩散层薄、复层金属沿周向及纵向分布均匀、界面不易生成金属间化合物、包覆比易于精确控制、无需拉拔中间退火、制备工序简单、节约能源、无安全隐患、产品尺寸精度高、规格灵活、原材料组合自由度大、变形协调性好、塑性变形量大、成材率高、所需设备少、投资低、生产成本不高、产品质量和性能优异以及易于制备直径1mm以下微细双金属层状复合线材等优点，尤其适合于复合界面易生成金属间化合物的双金属层状复合线材以及难加工的双金属层状复合线材的制备。Compared with the existing method for preparing double-metal layered composite wires, the present invention wraps metal tube blanks with dissimilar metal rods, draws and pre-composites in a single pass at room temperature, heats up rapidly, and controls temperature in a single pass or multiple passes. Combining drawing metallurgical compounding with single-pass or multi-pass room temperature fine drawing can realize the coordinated large plastic deformation of the cladding metal and the core metal, and prepare high-quality bimetallic layered composite wires, which have high composite interface bonding strength, diffusion The layer is thin, the clad metal is evenly distributed along the circumferential and longitudinal directions, the interface is not easy to generate intermetallic compounds, the cladding ratio is easy to accurately control, no need for drawing and intermediate annealing, the preparation process is simple, energy saving, no safety hazard, and the product has high dimensional accuracy. Flexible specifications, large freedom of raw material combination, good deformation coordination, large plastic deformation, high yield, less equipment required, low investment, low production cost, excellent product quality and performance, and easy preparation of micro bimetallics with a diameter of less than 1mm The advantages of the layered composite wire are especially suitable for the preparation of the bimetallic layered composite wire that is easy to generate intermetallic compounds at the composite interface and the preparation of the difficult-to-process bimetallic layered composite wire.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的双金属层状复合线材制备工艺流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the bimetallic layered composite wire of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合实施例对本发明进行具体描述，有必要在此指出的是本实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，该领域的熟练技术人员可以根据上述本发明的内容做出一些非本质的改进和调整。The present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with the examples, it is necessary to point out that the present examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can according to the above-mentioned present invention Make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the content.
实施例1：直径Φ4.0mm、包覆比35%的铜包白铜层状复合线材制备Example 1: Preparation of copper-clad cupronickel layered composite wire with a diameter of Φ4.0mm and a coating ratio of 35%
在室温下对表面清洁处理后的退火态复层T2纯铜管坯（尺寸Φ8×1mm）的内表面和退火态芯部CuNi44Mn1白铜棒材（直径Φ6mm）的表面进行砂轮打磨处理；在室温下采用复层T2纯铜管坯包套芯部CuNi44Mn1白铜棒材，获得包套复合坯料；对包套复合坯料进行轧尖，随后进行单道次套管复合预冷拉实现预复合，拉拔变形率为12%，获得预复合线坯；对预复合线坯进行轧尖；然后将预复合线坯放入炉内温度为400℃的离线电阻炉中加热并保温5min，使其温度快速达到拉拔温度400℃，同时对模具也进行加热并保持其温度为拉拔温度400℃；紧接着将快速加热后的预复合线坯穿过加热并保温的模具，进行4道次控温拉拔，拉拔道次变形率为16%～26.5%；在此基础上进行1道次室温精拉，拉拔变形率为17.3%；制备得到直径Φ4.0mm、包覆比精确控制为35%、界面质量优异的高质量铜包白铜层状复合线材。Grinding the inner surface of the annealed double-layer T2 pure copper tube billet (size Φ8×1mm) and the surface of the annealed core CuNi44Mn1 nickel-nickel rod (diameter Φ6mm) at room temperature; at room temperature The core CuNi44Mn1 cupronickel rod is covered by the clad T2 pure copper tube billet to obtain the clad composite billet; the clad clad billet is sharpened, and then the single-pass casing composite pre-cooling is carried out to achieve pre-compounding and drawing deformation The pre-composite wire billet was obtained at a rate of 12%; the pre-composite wire billet was tipped; then the pre-composite wire billet was placed in an off-line resistance furnace with a temperature of 400 °C for heating and kept for 5 minutes, so that the temperature quickly reached the drawing temperature. The drawing temperature is 400°C, and at the same time, the mold is also heated and its temperature is maintained at the drawing temperature of 400°C; then the rapidly heated pre-composite wire billet is passed through the heated and heat-insulated mold for 4 passes of temperature-controlled drawing, The deformation rate of each drawing pass is 16% to 26.5%. On this basis, one pass of fine drawing at room temperature is carried out, and the drawing deformation rate is 17.3%. The prepared diameter is Φ4.0mm, the cladding ratio is precisely controlled to 35%, and the interface High quality copper-clad cupronickel layered composite wire with excellent quality.
实施例2：直径Φ0.3mm、包覆比29%的铜包白铜层状复合线材制备Example 2: Preparation of copper-clad cupronickel layered composite wire with a diameter of Φ0.3mm and a coating ratio of 29%
在室温下对表面清洁处理后的退火态复层T2纯铜管坯（尺寸Φ8×1mm）的内表面和退火态芯部CuNi44Mn1白铜棒材（直径Φ6mm）的表面进行砂轮打磨处理；在室温下采用复层T2纯铜管坯包套芯部CuNi44Mn1白铜棒材，获得包套复合坯料；对包套复合坯料进行轧尖，随后进行单道次套管复合预冷拉实现预复合，拉拔变形率为12%，获得预复合线坯；对预复合线坯进行轧尖；然后将预复合线坯放入炉内温度为300℃的离线电阻炉中加热并保温3min，使其温度快速达到拉拔温度300℃，同时对模具也进行加热并保持其温度为拉拔温度300℃；紧接着将快速加热后的预复合线坯穿过加热并保温的模具，进行5道次控温拉拔，拉拔道次变形率为16%～27%；在此基础上进行24道次室温精拉，拉拔道次变形率为2%～18%；制备得到直径Φ0.3mm、包覆比精确控制为29%、界面质量优异的高质量铜包白铜层状复合线材；后续进行850℃×3min的热处理。Grinding the inner surface of the annealed double-layer T2 pure copper tube billet (size Φ8×1mm) and the surface of the annealed core CuNi44Mn1 nickel-nickel rod (diameter Φ6mm) at room temperature; at room temperature The core CuNi44Mn1 cupronickel rod is covered by the clad T2 pure copper tube billet to obtain the clad composite billet; the clad clad billet is sharpened, and then the single-pass casing composite pre-cooling is carried out to achieve pre-compounding and drawing deformation The pre-composite wire billet was obtained at a rate of 12%; the pre-composite wire billet was tipped; then the pre-composite wire billet was placed in an off-line resistance furnace with a temperature of 300 °C for heating and kept for 3 minutes, so that the temperature quickly reached the drawing temperature. The drawing temperature is 300°C. At the same time, the mold is also heated and its temperature is kept at the drawing temperature of 300°C; then the rapidly heated pre-composite wire billet is passed through the heated and heat-insulated mold for 5 passes of temperature-controlled drawing. The deformation rate of each drawing pass is 16% to 27%. On this basis, 24 passes of fine drawing at room temperature are carried out, and the deformation rate of each drawing pass is 2% to 18%. The diameter Φ0.3mm and the cladding ratio are precisely controlled. 29% high-quality copper-clad nickel-copper layered composite wire with excellent interface quality; subsequent heat treatment at 850°C for 3min.
实施例3：直径Φ0.05mm、包覆比30%的铜包白铜层状复合线材制备Example 3: Preparation of copper-clad nickel-nickel layered composite wire with a diameter of Φ0.05mm and a coating ratio of 30%
在室温下对表面清洁处理后的退火态复层T2纯铜管坯（尺寸Φ8×1mm）的内表面和退火态芯部CuNi44Mn1白铜棒材（直径Φ6mm）的表面进行高速旋转钢刷打磨处理；在室温下采用复层T2纯铜管坯包套芯部CuNi44Mn1白铜棒材，获得包套复合坯料；对包套复合坯料进行轧尖，随后进行单道次套管复合预冷拉实现预复合，拉拔变形率为12%，获得预复合线坯；对预复合线坯进行轧尖；然后将预复合线坯采用在线感应加热装置在5s内快速加热至拉拔温度600℃，同时对模具也进行加热并保持其温度为拉拔温度600℃；紧接着将快速加热后的预复合线坯穿过加热并保温的模具，进行12道次控温拉拔，控温拉拔道次变形率为4%～33%，同时在第一道次和第二道次、第八道次和第九道次、第十道次和第十一道次的控温拉拔之间分别进行了2道次的室温拉拔，室温拉拔道次变形率为4%和19%；在此基础上进行23道次室温精拉，拉拔道次变形率为11%～36%；制备得到直径Φ0.05mm、包覆比精确控制为30%、界面质量优异的高质量铜包白铜层状复合线材。At room temperature, the inner surface of the annealed double-layer T2 pure copper tube billet (size Φ8×1mm) and the surface of the annealed core CuNi44Mn1 nickel-nickel rod (diameter Φ6mm) were polished with a high-speed rotating steel brush at room temperature; At room temperature, the clad T2 pure copper tube billet is used to wrap the core CuNi44Mn1 cupronickel rod to obtain the clad composite billet; the clad clad billet is rolled to a point, and then the single-pass casing composite pre-cooling is carried out to achieve pre-compounding. The drawing deformation rate was 12%, and the pre-composite wire billet was obtained; the pre-composite wire billet was rolled to the tip; then the pre-compound wire billet was rapidly heated to the drawing temperature of 600 °C within 5 seconds by an online induction heating device, and the mold was also Heating and keeping the temperature at the drawing temperature of 600°C; then passing the rapidly heated pre-composite wire billet through the heated and insulated mold for 12 passes of temperature-controlled drawing, and the deformation rate of each pass of temperature-controlled drawing is 4% to 33%, at the same time between the first and second pass, the eighth and ninth pass, the tenth pass and the eleventh pass were carried out between the temperature-controlled drawing room temperature drawing for the first time, the deformation rate of the room temperature drawing pass is 4% and 19%; on this basis, 23 passes of room temperature fine drawing are carried out, and the drawing pass deformation rate is 11% to 36%; the diameter Φ0. 05mm, the cladding ratio is precisely controlled to 30%, and the interface quality is excellent high-quality copper-clad cupronickel layered composite wire.
实施例4：直径Φ2.7mm、包覆比28%的铜包铝层状复合线材制备Example 4: Preparation of a copper-clad aluminum layered composite wire with a diameter of Φ2.7mm and a coating ratio of 28%
在室温下对表面清洁处理后的退火态复层T2纯铜管坯（尺寸Φ6×0.5mm）的内表面和退火态芯部1050纯铝棒材（直径Φ5mm）的表面进行钢刷打磨处理；在室温下采用复层T2纯铜管坯包套芯部1050纯铝棒材，获得包套复合坯料；对包套复合坯料进行轧尖，随后进行单道次套管复合预冷拉实现预复合，拉拔变形率为16%，获得预复合线坯；对预复合线坯进行轧尖；然后将预复合线坯放入炉内温度为350℃的离线电阻炉中加热并保温5min，使其快速达到拉拔温度350℃，同时对模具也进行加热并保持其温度为拉拔温度350℃；紧接着将快速加热后的预复合线坯穿过加热并保温的模具，进行3道次控温拉拔，拉拔道次变形率为23%～25%；在此基础上进行3道次室温精拉，拉拔道次变形率为9.5%～30.2%；制备得到直径Φ2.7mm、包覆比精确控制为28%、界面质量优异的高质量铜包铝层状复合线材。At room temperature, the inner surface of the annealed double-layer T2 pure copper tube billet (size Φ6×0.5mm) and the surface of the annealed core 1050 pure aluminum rod (diameter Φ5mm) were polished with a steel brush at room temperature; At room temperature, the clad T2 pure copper tube billet is used to wrap the core 1050 pure aluminum rod to obtain the clad composite billet; the clad clad billet is rolled to the point, and then the single-pass casing composite pre-cooling is carried out to achieve pre-compounding , the drawing deformation rate was 16%, and the pre-composite wire billet was obtained; the pre-compound wire billet was rolled to the point; Quickly reach the drawing temperature of 350°C, and at the same time, heat the mold and keep its temperature at the drawing temperature of 350°C; then pass the rapidly heated pre-composite wire billet through the heated and heat-insulated mold, and perform 3-pass temperature control Drawing, the deformation rate of the drawing pass is 23% to 25%; on this basis, 3 passes of fine drawing at room temperature are carried out, and the deformation rate of the drawing pass is 9.5% to 30.2%; the diameter Φ2.7mm, coated High-quality copper-clad aluminum layered composite wire with a ratio of precisely controlled 28% and excellent interface quality.
实施例5：直径Φ1.0mm、包覆比25%的铜包304不锈钢层状复合线材制备Example 5: Preparation of copper-clad 304 stainless steel layered composite wire with a diameter of Φ1.0mm and a cladding ratio of 25%
在室温下对表面清洁处理后的退火态复层T2纯铜管坯（尺寸Φ8×1mm）的内表面和退火态芯部304不锈钢棒材（直径Φ6mm）的表面进行钢刷打磨处理；在室温下采用复层T2纯铜管坯包套芯部304不锈钢棒材，获得包套复合坯料；对包套复合坯料进行轧尖，随后进行单道次套管复合预冷拉实现预复合，拉拔变形率为12%，获得预复合线坯；对预复合线坯进行轧尖；然后将预复合线坯放入炉内温度为800℃的离线电阻炉中加热并保温5min，使其快速达到拉拔温度800℃，同时对模具也进行加热并保持其温度为拉拔温度800℃；紧接着将快速加热后的预复合线坯穿过加热并保温的模具，进行9道次控温拉拔，拉拔道次变形率为17.3%～30.6%，同时在第六道次和第七道次的控温拉拔之间进行了3道次的室温拉拔，室温拉拔道次变形率为12.4%～25.7%；在此基础上进行6道次室温精拉，拉拔道次变形率为12.1%～17.4%；制备得到直径Φ1.0mm、包覆比精确控制为25%、界面质量优异的高质量铜包304不锈钢层状复合线材。At room temperature, the inner surface of the annealed double-layer T2 pure copper tube billet (size Φ8×1mm) and the surface of the annealed core 304 stainless steel rod (diameter Φ6mm) were polished with a steel brush at room temperature; Next, the clad T2 pure copper tube billet is used to wrap the 304 stainless steel bar at the core to obtain the sheathed composite billet; the sheathed composite billet is tipped, and then the single-pass casing composite pre-cooling is carried out to achieve pre-compounding, drawing The deformation rate is 12%, and the pre-composite wire billet is obtained; the pre-compound wire billet is rolled to a point; then the pre-compound wire billet is put into an off-line resistance furnace with a temperature of 800 ° C in the furnace, heated and kept for 5 minutes, so that it can quickly reach the tensile strength. The drawing temperature is 800°C, and at the same time, the mold is also heated and its temperature is maintained at the drawing temperature of 800°C; then the rapidly heated pre-composite wire billet is passed through the heated and insulated mold for 9 times of temperature-controlled drawing, The deformation rate of the drawing pass was 17.3% to 30.6%. At the same time, three passes of room temperature drawing were carried out between the temperature-controlled drawing of the sixth pass and the seventh pass. The deformation rate of the drawing pass at room temperature was 12.4%. %～25.7%; On this basis, 6 passes of fine drawing at room temperature were carried out, and the deformation rate of each drawing pass was 12.1%～17.4%; the diameter of Φ1.0mm was prepared, the cladding ratio was precisely controlled to 25%, and the interface quality was excellent. High quality copper clad 304 stainless steel layered composite wire.
实施例6：直径Φ2.05mm、包覆比30%的铜包45#碳钢层状复合线材制备Example 6: Preparation of copper-clad 45# carbon steel layered composite wire with a diameter of Φ2.05mm and a coating ratio of 30%
在室温下对表面清洁处理后的退火态复层T2纯铜管坯（尺寸Φ8×1mm）的内表面和退火态芯部45#碳钢棒材（直径Φ6mm）的表面进行钢刷打磨处理；在室温下采用复层T2纯铜管坯包套芯部45#碳钢棒材，获得包套复合坯料；对包套复合坯料进行轧尖，随后进行单道次套管复合预冷拉实现预复合，拉拔变形率为12%，获得预复合线坯；对预复合线坯进行轧尖；然后将预复合线坯采用高频感应加热装置在5s内快速加热至拉拔温度850℃，同时对模具也进行加热并保持其温度为拉拔温度850℃；紧接着将快速加热后的预复合线坯穿过加热并保温的模具，进行7道次控温拉拔，拉拔道次变形率为6.8%～29.5%，同时在第五道次和第六道次的控温拉拔之间进行了2道次的室温拉拔，室温拉拔道次变形率为17.3%和23.5%；在此基础上进行3道次室温精拉，拉拔道次变形率为13.3%～32.8%；制备得到直径Φ2.05mm、包覆比精确控制为30%、界面质量优异的高质量铜包45#碳钢层状复合线材。At room temperature, the inner surface of the annealed double-layer T2 pure copper tube billet (size Φ8×1mm) and the surface of the annealed core 45# carbon steel bar (diameter Φ6mm) were polished with a steel brush at room temperature; At room temperature, the clad T2 pure copper tube billet is used to wrap the 45# carbon steel bar at the core to obtain the clad composite billet; Compounding, the drawing deformation rate is 12%, and the pre-composite wire billet is obtained; the pre-composite wire billet is rolled to the tip; then the pre-compound wire billet is rapidly heated to the drawing temperature of 850 °C within 5 seconds by a high-frequency induction heating device, and at the same time The mold is also heated and kept at the drawing temperature of 850°C; then the rapidly heated pre-composite wire billet is passed through the heated and insulated mold for 7 passes of temperature-controlled drawing, and the deformation rate of each drawing pass is was 6.8% to 29.5%, and at the same time, 2 passes of room temperature drawing were carried out between the fifth pass and the sixth pass of temperature-controlled drawing, and the deformation rates of room temperature drawing passes were 17.3% and 23.5%; On this basis, 3 passes of fine drawing at room temperature were carried out, and the deformation rate of the drawing pass was 13.3% to 32.8%. A high-quality copper clad 45# with a diameter of Φ2.05mm, a cladding ratio of 30% and excellent interface quality was prepared. Carbon steel layered composite wire.
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| CN201410314512.5ACN104138923B (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2014-07-03 | A kind of bimetallic stratiform composite wire drawing forming method |
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| CN201410314512.5ACN104138923B (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2014-07-03 | A kind of bimetallic stratiform composite wire drawing forming method |
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| CN104138923A CN104138923A (en) | 2014-11-12 |
| CN104138923Btrue CN104138923B (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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| CN201410314512.5AActiveCN104138923B (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2014-07-03 | A kind of bimetallic stratiform composite wire drawing forming method |
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