Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low information acquisition efficiency in the related art, the disclosure provides a page scaling method and device. The technical scheme is as follows:
according to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a page scaling method, including:
receiving a page zooming instruction;
zooming the page according to the page zooming instruction;
typesetting the zoomed page to enable the page width of the typesetted page to be matched with the screen width of the terminal;
and displaying the page after typesetting.
Optionally, the displaying the page after the layout includes:
acquiring a zooming central point of the page;
and displaying the typeset page by taking the zooming central point as a center.
Optionally, the method further includes:
detecting whether the zooming meets a preset condition or not;
and if the zooming meets the preset condition, triggering and executing the step of displaying the typesetted page by taking the zooming central point as the center.
Optionally, the detecting whether the current zooming meets a preset condition includes:
acquiring text information in a paragraph corresponding to the zooming central point;
detecting whether the information length of the text information is larger than a preset length;
and if the information length of the text information is greater than the preset length, determining that the zooming meets the preset condition.
Optionally, the detecting whether the current zooming meets a preset condition includes:
calculating a difference between the display scale of the page after zooming and the display scale of the page before zooming;
detecting whether the difference value reaches a predetermined threshold value;
and if the difference value reaches the preset threshold value, determining that the zooming meets the preset condition.
Optionally, the detecting whether the current zooming meets a preset condition includes:
if other operation instructions are received before the page zooming instruction is received after the page is opened, determining that the zooming meets the preset condition; wherein,
the other operation instructions comprise at least one of the following instructions: the control instruction is used for controlling the scroll bar in the page to scroll, the selection instruction is used for selecting certain page content in the page, and the zooming instruction is used for zooming the display scale of the page.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a page scaling apparatus, including:
an instruction receiving module configured to receive a page scaling instruction;
the page scaling module is configured to scale a page according to the page scaling instruction received by the instruction receiving module;
the page typesetting module is configured to typeset the page zoomed by the page zooming module, so that the page width of the page after typesetting is matched with the screen width of the terminal;
and the page display module is configured to display the page typeset by the page typesetting module.
Optionally, the page display module includes:
a center point acquisition unit configured to acquire a zoom center point of the page;
and the page display unit is configured to display the typeset page by taking the zooming central point acquired by the central point acquisition unit as a center.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the condition detection module is configured to detect whether the zooming meets a preset condition;
and the display triggering module is configured to trigger and execute the step of displaying the typesetted page by taking the zooming central point as the center when the detection result of the condition detection module is that the zooming meets the preset condition.
Optionally, the condition detecting module includes:
an information acquisition unit configured to acquire text information in a paragraph corresponding to the zoom center point;
a length detection unit configured to detect whether the information length of the text information acquired by the information acquisition unit is greater than a predetermined length;
a first determining unit configured to determine that the current zooming satisfies the preset condition when the detection result of the length detecting unit is that the information length of the text information is greater than the predetermined length.
Optionally, the condition detecting module includes:
a difference calculation unit configured to calculate a difference between a display scale of the page after the zooming and a display scale of the page before the zooming;
a difference detection unit configured to detect whether the difference calculated by the difference calculation unit reaches a predetermined threshold;
and the second determining unit is configured to determine that the current zooming meets the preset condition when the detection result of the difference detecting unit is that the difference reaches the preset threshold.
Optionally, the condition detecting module includes:
the third determining unit is configured to determine that the current zooming meets the preset condition when other operation instructions are received before the page zooming instruction is received after the page is opened; wherein,
the other operation instructions comprise at least one of the following instructions: the control instruction is used for controlling the scroll bar in the page to scroll, the selection instruction is used for selecting certain page content in the page, and the zooming instruction is used for zooming the display scale of the page.
According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a page scaling apparatus, including:
a processor;
a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to:
receiving a page zooming instruction;
zooming the page according to the page zooming instruction;
typesetting the zoomed page to enable the page width of the typesetted page to be matched with the screen width of the terminal;
and displaying the page after typesetting.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can have the following beneficial effects:
typesetting the zoomed page to enable the page width of the typeset page to be matched with the screen width of the terminal, and further displaying the typeset page; the problem that in the related art, because the page contents at two sides in the zoomed page can not be completely displayed, the user can check the contents at two sides of the page only after dragging the page left and right, and the information acquisition efficiency is low is solved; the effects that the content in the page after typesetting can be completely displayed, and the user does not need to drag left and right, and then the information acquisition efficiency is improved are achieved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
FIG. 1A is a flowchart illustrating a page scaling method according to an exemplary embodiment, which may include the following steps.
In step 101, a page scaling instruction is received.
When the display proportion of the page displayed by the terminal is not satisfied by the user, the user can apply a page scaling instruction to change the display proportion of the page, and correspondingly, the terminal can receive the page scaling instruction.
In a first possible implementation manner, referring to fig. 1B, when the user wants to enlarge the display scale of the page, the user may use two fingers to perform a stretching operation in the page to apply a page zoom instruction. Similarly, when the user wants to reduce the display scale of the page, the user can perform a pinch operation in the page using two fingers to apply a page zoom instruction.
In a second possible implementation, the user may apply the page zoom instruction by clicking or double clicking on the page.
In step 102, the page is scaled according to the page scaling instruction.
After the terminal receives the page scaling instruction, the terminal can scale the page according to the page scaling instruction. For example, the terminal amplifies the word size of the text in the page from 8pt to 10pt under the control of the page scaling instruction.
In step 103, the zoomed page is typeset, so that the page width of the typeset page matches with the screen width of the terminal.
In order to enable the zoomed page to be suitable for the terminal screen of the terminal, after the terminal zooms the page, the terminal can typeset the zoomed page, so that the page width of the typesetted page is matched with the screen width of the terminal.
In step 104, the laid out page is displayed.
After the terminal typesets the zoomed page, the terminal can display the typesetted page. For example, the terminal may display the laid out page shown in fig. 1C.
In summary, in the page scaling method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, by typesetting the scaled page, the page width of the typeset page is matched with the screen width of the terminal, and the typeset page is displayed; the problem that in the related art, because the page contents at two sides in the zoomed page can not be completely displayed, the user can check the contents at two sides of the page only after dragging the page left and right, and the information acquisition efficiency is low is solved; the effects that the content in the page after typesetting can be completely displayed, and the user does not need to drag left and right, and then the information acquisition efficiency is improved are achieved.
Fig. 2A is a flowchart illustrating a page scaling method according to an exemplary embodiment, different from the above embodiment, in this embodiment, a terminal displays a laid-out page with a scaled center point of the page as a center, and the page scaling method may include the following steps.
In step 201, a page scaling instruction is received.
In step 202, the page is scaled according to the page scaling instruction.
In step 203, the scaled page is typeset, so that the page width of the typeset page matches with the screen width of the terminal.
It should be noted that steps 201 to 203 are similar to steps 101 to 103 in the above embodiment, and please refer to the above embodiment for technical details, which is not described herein again.
In step 204, it is detected whether the current zooming satisfies a preset condition.
After the terminal zooms the page, the terminal may detect whether the zooming satisfies a preset condition for the execution of the subsequent step.
In practical implementation, this step may include at least one of the following possible implementations:
in a first possible implementation manner, the step may include:
firstly, acquiring text information in a paragraph corresponding to a zooming central point;
the terminal can acquire the zoom center point and then acquire the text information in the paragraph corresponding to the zoom center point.
The method for acquiring the zoom center point by the terminal may be as follows:
when the user applies the page zooming instruction through the zooming operation of the two fingers, the terminal can take the center position of the two fingers as the zooming center point of the page. For example, referring to fig. 2B, the terminal may use the point 'a' as the zoom center point.
When the user applies a page zooming instruction by clicking or double clicking with a finger, the terminal can take the position of the finger as a zooming center point.
After the terminal acquires the zoom center point, the terminal may acquire text information in a paragraph corresponding to the zoom center point. For example, in the page shown in fig. 2B, the text information in the paragraph corresponding to the zoom center point acquired by the terminal is "country chairman and his/her wippen xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx".
Secondly, detecting whether the information length of the text information is larger than a preset length;
thirdly, if the information length of the text information is larger than the preset length, the zooming is determined to meet the preset condition.
If the detection result of the terminal is that the information length of the text information is larger than the preset threshold, it is shown that the current zooming is likely to be zooming actively triggered by the user, and at this time, the terminal can determine that the current zooming meets the preset condition.
And if the detection result of the terminal is that the information length of the text information is not greater than the preset threshold, the scaling which is possibly triggered by misoperation of the user at the moment is very probable, and the terminal can determine that the scaling does not meet the preset condition at the moment.
In a second possible implementation manner, the step may include:
firstly, calculating a difference value between the display scale of the zoomed page and the display scale of the page before zooming;
the terminal can obtain the display scale of the page after zooming and the display scale of the page before zooming, and calculate the difference value of the two obtained zooming scales.
For the same page, the user may perform zooming for multiple times, and the display scale of the page before zooming in this embodiment refers to the display scale of the page before the terminal receives the page zooming instruction this time.
Secondly, detecting whether the difference value reaches a preset threshold value;
thirdly, if the difference value reaches a preset threshold value, the current zooming is determined to meet the preset condition.
If the difference value reaches the predetermined threshold value, that is, the variation of the display scale of the page reaches the predetermined threshold value, the terminal may determine that the current zooming satisfies the preset condition.
And if the difference value does not reach the preset threshold value, at this time, it is likely that the zooming is falsely triggered due to the offset of the relative positions of the two fingers when the user slides in the page, so that the terminal can determine that the zooming does not meet the preset condition at this time.
In a third possible implementation manner, the step may include:
if other operation instructions are received before a page zooming instruction is received after the page is opened, determining that the zooming meets the preset condition;
after the terminal opens the page, when the font in the page is too small and the user cannot see the text clearly, the user can select any position to zoom in order to see the detailed content in the page clearly, at the moment, the user does not care about the page content in the page when the user performs the zooming operation, so if the terminal does not receive other operation instructions before receiving the page zooming instruction after opening the page, the terminal can determine that the zooming does not meet the preset condition; and if other operation instructions are received, the fact that the user starts to read the page content in the page is indicated, and at the moment, the terminal can determine that the zooming meets the preset condition.
Wherein the other operation instructions comprise at least one of the following instructions: the display control method comprises a control instruction for controlling a scroll bar in a page to scroll, a selection instruction for selecting certain page content in the page and a zooming instruction for zooming the display scale of the page.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the step 203 is executed first and then the step 204 is executed only as an example, and in actual implementation, the terminal may also execute the step 203 and the step 204 at the same time, or execute the step 204 first and then execute the step 203, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In step 205, if the zooming meets the preset condition, the step of displaying the typeset page with the zooming center point as the center is triggered.
And if the detection result of the terminal meets the preset condition, the terminal can trigger the step of displaying the typesetted page by taking the zooming central point as the center.
In step 206, the laid out page is displayed centered on the zoom center point.
This step may include:
firstly, acquiring a zooming central point of a page;
the obtaining manner of the terminal obtaining the zoom center point is similar to the obtaining manner in step 205, and details are not repeated here. And when the zoom center point has been acquired in step 205, in this step, the terminal may directly read the acquired zoom center point.
And secondly, displaying the typeset page by taking the zoom central point as a center.
After the terminal acquires the zoom central point, the terminal may display the typeset page with the zoom central point as a center.
In practical implementation, the step may include:
(1) acquiring page content corresponding to the zooming central point in the page;
this step may include: the terminal may acquire text information at a zoom center point in the page, acquire text information of a predetermined length before, after, or a combination thereof, the zoom center point in the page.
For example, taking 20 characters after the zoom center point as an example, in fig. 2B, the terminal may obtain that the page content corresponding to the zoom center point is 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' of the friend who is the page content.
It should be noted that, when the method is used to zoom a web page, since each position in the web page corresponds to a web page node, and when the content corresponding to the user trigger position is a text, the web page node is a text node, and the text node includes text content, the step of the terminal acquiring the page content corresponding to the zoom center point at this time may include: and acquiring a text node corresponding to the zooming central point. For example, the text node corresponding to the user trigger position is '< … > country chairman and his/her wife XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' ', and the page content corresponding to the zoom center point acquired by the terminal is' country chairman and his/her wife XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.
In order to improve the positioning accuracy, the terminal can also determine the text content at the zoom central point in the text node, and take the acquired text content as the page content corresponding to the zoom central point. For example, if the character corresponding to the zoom center point is 'and', the terminal may use 'and' as the page content corresponding to the zoom center point.
(2) And displaying the page after typesetting by taking the page content as the center.
And the terminal displays the typesetted page by taking the acquired page content as a center.
In practical implementation, the terminal may obtain the position of the content at the zoom center point in the typeset page, calculate the distance between the position in the typeset page and the center position of the screen, and scroll the typeset page by the distance and then scroll the content at the zoom center point to the center position of the screen for display. Therefore, the user can directly view the contents viewed before zooming in the screen without executing the up-and-down scrolling of the page, the operation complexity of the user is simplified, and the information acquisition efficiency is improved.
In summary, in the page scaling method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, by typesetting the scaled page, the page width of the typeset page is matched with the screen width of the terminal, and the typeset page is displayed; the problem that in the related art, because the page contents at two sides in the zoomed page can not be completely displayed, the user can check the contents at two sides of the page only after dragging the page left and right, and the information acquisition efficiency is low is solved; the effects that the content in the page after typesetting can be completely displayed, and the user does not need to drag left and right, and then the information acquisition efficiency is improved are achieved.
In the embodiment, the page after the typesetting is displayed by taking the zoom central point as the center, so that the content of the page browsed by the user before zooming, that is, the content at the zoom central point can be displayed at the center of the screen, the situation that the user can find the content of the page browsed before only by sliding the page up and down is avoided, the information acquisition efficiency is improved, and the operation complexity of the user is reduced.
The following are embodiments of the disclosed apparatus that may be used to perform embodiments of the disclosed methods. For details not disclosed in the embodiments of the apparatus of the present disclosure, refer to the embodiments of the method of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a page scaling apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment, which may include, but is not limited to: an instruction receiving module 310, a page scaling module 320, a page layout module 330, and a page display module 340.
An instruction receiving module 310 configured to receive a page scaling instruction;
a page scaling module 320 configured to scale the page according to the page scaling instruction received by the instruction receiving module 310;
a page layout module 330 configured to layout the page scaled by the page scaling module 320 so that the page width of the page after layout matches the screen width of the terminal;
and a page display module 340 configured to display the page typeset by the page typesetting module 330.
In summary, the page scaling device provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure arranges the scaled pages so that the page width of the arranged page matches the screen width of the terminal, and further displays the arranged page; the problem that in the related art, because the page contents at two sides in the zoomed page can not be completely displayed, the user can check the contents at two sides of the page only after dragging the page left and right, and the information acquisition efficiency is low is solved; the effects that the content in the page after typesetting can be completely displayed, and the user does not need to drag left and right, and then the information acquisition efficiency is improved are achieved.
FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating a page scaling device that may include, but is not limited to: an instruction receiving module 410, a page scaling module 420, a page layout module 430, and a page display module 440.
An instruction receiving module 410 configured to receive a page scaling instruction;
a page scaling module 420 configured to scale the page according to the page scaling instruction received by the instruction receiving module 410;
a page layout module 430 configured to layout the page scaled by the page scaling module 420 so that the page width of the page after layout matches the screen width of the terminal;
and a page display module 440 configured to display the page laid out by the page layout module 430.
In a first possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the page display module 440 includes:
a center point obtaining unit 441 configured to obtain a zoom center point of the page;
the page display unit 442 is configured to display the page after the layout with the zoom center point acquired by the center point acquisition unit as a center.
In a second possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the apparatus further includes:
a condition detecting module 450 configured to detect whether the current zooming satisfies a preset condition;
the display triggering module 460 is configured to trigger execution of the step of displaying the typeset page with the zoom center point as the center when the detection result of the condition detection module is that the current zoom satisfies the preset condition.
Referring to fig. 4B, in a third possible implementation manner of the embodiment, the condition detecting module 450 includes:
an information acquisition unit 451 configured to acquire text information in a paragraph corresponding to the zoom center point;
a length detection unit 452 configured to detect whether the information length of the text information acquired by the information acquisition unit 451 is larger than a predetermined length;
a first determining unit 453 configured to determine that the present zooming satisfies a preset condition when the detection result of the length detecting unit 452 is that the information length of the text information is greater than a predetermined length.
Referring to fig. 4C, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the embodiment, the condition detecting module 450 includes:
a difference value calculating unit 454 configured to calculate a difference value between the display scale of the page after the scaling and the display scale of the page before the scaling;
a difference detection unit 455 configured to detect whether the difference calculated by the difference calculation unit 454 reaches a predetermined threshold;
a second determining unit 456 configured to determine that the current zooming satisfies the preset condition when the difference value reaches a predetermined threshold value as a result of the detection by the difference value detecting unit 455.
In a fifth possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the condition detection module 450 is configured to determine that the zooming meets the preset condition when other operation instructions are received before a page zooming instruction is received after a page is opened; wherein,
the other operation instructions include at least one of the following instructions: the display control method comprises a control instruction for controlling a scroll bar in a page to scroll, a selection instruction for selecting certain page content in the page and a zooming instruction for zooming the display scale of the page.
In summary, the page scaling device provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure arranges the scaled pages so that the page width of the arranged page matches the screen width of the terminal, and further displays the arranged page; the problem that in the related art, because the page contents at two sides in the zoomed page can not be completely displayed, the user can check the contents at two sides of the page only after dragging the page left and right, and the information acquisition efficiency is low is solved; the effects that the content in the page after typesetting can be completely displayed, and the user does not need to drag left and right, and then the information acquisition efficiency is improved are achieved.
In the embodiment, the page after the typesetting is displayed by taking the zoom central point as the center, so that the content of the page browsed by the user before zooming, that is, the content at the zoom central point can be displayed at the center of the screen, the situation that the user can find the content of the page browsed before only by sliding the page up and down is avoided, the information acquisition efficiency is improved, and the operation complexity of the user is reduced.
With regard to the apparatus in the above-described embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs the operation has been described in detail in the embodiment related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 500 for page scaling according to an example embodiment. For example, the apparatus 500 may be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a messaging device, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, an exercise device, a personal digital assistant, and the like.
Referring to fig. 5, the apparatus 500 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 502, memory 504, power component 506, multimedia component 508, audio component 510, input/output (I/O) interface 512, sensor component 514, and communication component 516.
The processing component 502 generally controls overall operation of the device 500, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. The processing component 502 may include one or more processors 518 to execute instructions to perform all or a portion of the steps of the methods described above. Further, the processing component 502 can include one or more modules that facilitate interaction between the processing component 502 and other components. For example, the processing component 502 can include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component 508 and the processing component 502.
The memory 504 is configured to store various types of data to support operations at the apparatus 500. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on device 500, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, and so forth. The memory 504 may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or non-volatile memory devices such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks.
The power supply component 506 provides power to the various components of the device 500. The power components 506 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for the apparatus 500.
The multimedia component 508 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the device 500 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive an input signal from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation. In some embodiments, the multimedia component 508 includes a front facing camera and/or a rear facing camera. The front camera and/or the rear camera may receive external multimedia data when the device 500 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode. Each front camera and rear camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have a focal length and optical zoom capability.
The audio component 510 is configured to output and/or input audio signals. For example, audio component 510 includes a Microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when apparatus 500 is in an operating mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may further be stored in the memory 504 or transmitted via the communication component 516. In some embodiments, audio component 510 further includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.
The I/O interface 512 provides an interface between the processing component 502 and peripheral interface modules, which may be keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: a home button, a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.
The sensor assembly 514 includes one or more sensors for providing various aspects of status assessment for the device 500. For example, the sensor assembly 514 may detect an open/closed state of the apparatus 500, the relative positioning of the components, such as a display and keypad of the apparatus 500, the sensor assembly 514 may also detect a change in the position of the apparatus 500 or a component of the apparatus 500, the presence or absence of user contact with the apparatus 500, orientation or acceleration/deceleration of the apparatus 500, and a change in the temperature of the apparatus 500. The sensor assembly 514 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a nearby object without any physical contact. The sensor assembly 514 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 514 may also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.
The communication component 516 is configured to facilitate communication between the apparatus 500 and other devices in a wired or wireless manner. The apparatus 500 may access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 516 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 516 further includes a Near Field Communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communications. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.
In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 500 may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors or other electronic components for performing the above-described methods.
In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, such as the memory 504 comprising instructions, executable by the processor 518 of the apparatus 500 to perform the above-described method is also provided. For example, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium may be a ROM, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.