技术领域technical field
本发明涉及船舶控制领域，尤其涉及一种基于气体分析的船舶控制装置。The invention relates to the field of ship control, in particular to a ship control device based on gas analysis.
背景技术Background technique
船舶，即boatsandships，是各种船只的总称。船舶是能航行或停泊于水域进行运输或作业的交通工具，按不同的使用要求而具有不同的技术性能、装备和结构型式，是一种主要在地理水中运行的人造交通工具。另外，民用船一般称为船，军用船称为舰，小型船称为艇或舟，其总称为舰船或船艇。内部主要包括容纳空间、支撑结构和排水结构，具有利用外在或自带能源的推进系统。外型一般是利于克服流体阻力的流线性包络，材料随着科技进步不断更新，早期为木、竹、麻等自然材料，近代多是钢材以及铝、玻璃纤维、亚克力和各种复合材料。Ships, namely boats and ships, are the general term for all kinds of ships. A ship is a means of transportation that can sail or berth in waters for transportation or operation. It has different technical performance, equipment and structural types according to different requirements for use. It is a man-made means of transportation that mainly operates in geographical waters. In addition, civilian ships are generally called ships, military ships are called ships, and small ships are called boats or boats, which are collectively called ships or boats. The interior mainly includes accommodation space, support structure and drainage structure, and has a propulsion system that utilizes external or self-contained energy. The appearance is generally a streamlined envelope that is conducive to overcoming fluid resistance. The materials are constantly updated with the advancement of science and technology. In the early days, they were natural materials such as wood, bamboo, and hemp. In modern times, they are mostly steel, aluminum, glass fiber, acrylic, and various composite materials.
自古以来，船舶的作用主要体现在运输和作战两方面。在运输方面，船舶分为客运和货运两种模式。无论用于哪个方面，船舶的造价都是一个不小的数目，如果发生碰撞或其他事故，由于水面交通的特殊性和水面维修作业的局限性，维修和维护费用同样不菲。因此，避免事故的发生是船舶行驶的主要任务之一，尤其在能见度较低的情况下，需要降低船舶的行驶速度，以提供更多反应时间去观察水面情况，实现水下水面目标的规避，同时一些船舶的控制室位置较低，需要根据控制室的空气情况及时通风或关闭窗户，为驾驶员提供一个良好的驾驶环境。现有技术中存在一些预警的船舶控制方案，但都不是基于气体检测来进行船舶控制的。Since ancient times, the role of ships is mainly reflected in two aspects of transportation and combat. In terms of transportation, ships are divided into two modes: passenger transport and cargo transport. No matter which aspect is used, the cost of the ship is not a small amount. If a collision or other accident occurs, due to the particularity of water surface traffic and the limitations of water surface maintenance operations, the repair and maintenance costs are also expensive. Therefore, avoiding the occurrence of accidents is one of the main tasks of the ship, especially in the case of low visibility, it is necessary to reduce the speed of the ship to provide more reaction time to observe the water surface situation and realize the avoidance of underwater surface targets. At the same time, the position of the control room of some ships is low, and it is necessary to ventilate or close the windows in time according to the air condition of the control room, so as to provide a good driving environment for the driver. There are some early warning ship control schemes in the prior art, but they are not based on gas detection for ship control.
因此，需要一种基于气体分析的船舶控制装置，克服现有船舶控制系统的无法根据能见度情况及时调整航速以及无法根据控制室气体情况进行通风控制的技术问题，通过实时检测船舶附近空气的能见度，设置船舶最大允许行驶速度并进行航速的自动控制，另外通过控制室内外PM2.5浓度的分析确定通风策略，避免航运事故的发生，保证驾驶人员的身心健康不受损伤。Therefore, there is a need for a ship control device based on gas analysis, which overcomes the technical problems that the existing ship control system cannot adjust the speed in time according to the visibility situation and cannot perform ventilation control according to the gas situation in the control room. By detecting the visibility of the air near the ship in real time, Set the maximum allowable speed of the ship and automatically control the speed. In addition, the ventilation strategy is determined through the analysis of the PM2.5 concentration inside and outside the control room to avoid shipping accidents and ensure that the physical and mental health of the drivers is not damaged.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种基于气体分析的船舶控制装置，通过引入散射式能见度观测仪对船舶行驶环境的能见度进行有效策略，进而自动控制船舶的行驶速度，通过同时引入室内PM2.5检测设备和室外PM2.5检测设备实现船舶控制室内外的空气环境的对比，为驾驶员的通风提供重要参考，提高了船舶行驶控制的自动化程度。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a ship control device based on gas analysis. By introducing a scattering visibility observer, the visibility of the ship's driving environment can be effectively strategy, and then the speed of the ship can be automatically controlled. At the same time, the indoor PM2. 5 detection equipment and outdoor PM2.5 detection equipment realize the comparison of the air environment inside and outside the control room of the ship, provide an important reference for the driver's ventilation, and improve the automation of the ship's driving control.
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种基于气体分析的船舶控制装置，所述船舶控制装置包括散射式能见度观测仪、船舶速度测量设备、船舶驱动设备和主控设备，所述主控设备分别与所述散射式能见度观测仪、所述船舶速度测量设备和所述船舶驱动设备连接，根据所述散射式能见度观测仪输出的能见度确定船舶最大允许行驶速度，基于船舶最大允许行驶速度和所述船舶速度测量设备输出的当前船舶行驶速度，通过所述船舶驱动设备进行船舶行驶速度的控制。According to one aspect of the present invention, a ship control device based on gas analysis is provided. The ship control device includes a scattering visibility observer, a ship speed measurement device, a ship driving device and a main control device. The main control device is respectively It is connected with the scattering-type visibility observer, the ship speed measuring device and the ship driving device, and determines the maximum allowable speed of the ship according to the visibility output by the scattering-type visibility observer, based on the maximum allowable speed of the ship and the The current ship traveling speed output by the ship speed measuring device is used to control the ship traveling speed through the ship driving device.
更具体地，在所述基于气体分析的船舶控制装置中，进一步包括：散射式能见度观测仪，包括支架、发射单元、接收单元和控制单元，所述支架固定在船舶船体顶部上，所述发射单元、所述接收单元和所述控制单元固定在所述支架上，所述控制单元包括微CPU和通信接口，所述发射单元和所述接收单元相对放置，所述发射单元采用GaAs红外LED作为光源发射散射光，所述接收单元采用PIN型光敏管接收散射光，所述控制单元分别连接所述发射单元和所述接收单元，所述微CPU根据发射散射光的光强和接收散射光的光强计算能见度，所述通信接口连接所述微CPU以输出能见度；船舶速度测量设备，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，实时测量并输出当前船舶行驶速度；船舶驱动设备，安装在船舶船体后端底舱内，包括可逆转内燃发动机、由可逆转内燃发动机所驱动的分级减速齿轮系、控制可逆转内燃发动机与分级减速齿轮系接触或脱离的摩擦式离合器、驱动带有固定桨叶的螺旋桨轴和使得螺旋桨轴减速并保持不动的摩擦式制动器，其中船舶的加速和减速是通过可逆转内燃发动机对螺旋桨的旋转的速度和方向进行作用而控制的，控制时需要离合器与制动器的组合或相继的操作；室内PM2.5检测设备，安装在控制室内，采用内置的滤膜在线采样器对控制室内颗粒物进行分析，检测出其中的PM2.5细颗粒物的浓度，并作为室内PM2.5浓度输出；室外PM2.5检测设备，安装在船舶船体上，采用内置的滤膜在线采样器对控制室外大气中颗粒物进行分析，检测出其中的PM2.5细颗粒物的浓度，并作为室外PM2.5浓度输出；主控设备，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，分别连接所述散射式能见度观测仪、所述船舶速度测量设备、所述船舶驱动设备、所述室内PM2.5检测设备和所述室外PM2.5检测设备，根据接收到的能见度确定船舶最大允许行驶速度，在当前船舶行驶速度超出船舶最大允许行驶速度时，发出船舶超速提示信号，并控制船舶驱动设备减速直到当前船舶行驶速度小于或等于船舶最大允许行驶速度，同时，在室内PM2.5浓度大于室外PM2.5浓度时，发出控制室开窗提示信号，在室内PM2.5浓度小于室外PM2.5浓度时，发出控制室关窗提示信号；导航设备，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，连接主控设备以将船舶当前位置发送给主控设备；显示设备，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，连接主控设备以实时显示船舶最大允许行驶速度、当前船舶行驶速度、室内PM2.5浓度和室外PM2.5浓度；语音播放设备，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，连接主控设备以实时播放与船舶超速提示信号、控制室开窗提示信号或控制室关窗提示信号对应的语音提示文件；无线通信设备，安装在船舶船体前端，连接主控设备，用于将船舶当前位置、能见度和室外PM2.5浓度无线发送到船舶管理中心；其中，主控设备根据接收到的能见度确定船舶最大允许行驶速度时，根据接收到的能见度所处于的能见度等级范围确定不同的船舶最大允许行驶速度，所述能见度等级范围包括不足100米、100米到1公里、1公里到2公里、2公里到5公里、5公里到100公里和100公里以上。More specifically, in the ship control device based on gas analysis, it further includes: a diffuse visibility observer, including a bracket, a transmitting unit, a receiving unit and a control unit, the bracket is fixed on the top of the ship hull, and the transmitting Unit, the receiving unit and the control unit are fixed on the bracket, the control unit includes a micro CPU and a communication interface, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are placed oppositely, and the transmitting unit adopts a GaAs infrared LED as The light source emits scattered light, and the receiving unit adopts a PIN type photosensitive tube to receive the scattered light. The light intensity is used to calculate the visibility, and the communication interface is connected to the micro CPU to output the visibility; the ship speed measurement device is installed in the instrument panel of the ship control room, and measures and outputs the current ship driving speed in real time; the ship drive device is installed on the ship hull In the rear bilge, it includes a reversible internal combustion engine, a stepped reduction gear train driven by the reversible internal combustion engine, a friction clutch that controls the contact or disengagement of the reversible internal combustion engine with the stepped reduction gear train, and a drive with fixed blades Propeller shaft and friction brakes to slow and hold the propeller shaft, where the acceleration and deceleration of the vessel is controlled by a reversible internal combustion engine acting on the speed and direction of rotation of the propeller, which requires a combination of clutches and brakes Or successive operations; indoor PM2.5 detection equipment is installed in the control room, and the built-in filter membrane online sampler is used to analyze the particulate matter in the control room, and the concentration of PM2.5 fine particles is detected, and used as the indoor PM2.5 Concentration output: The outdoor PM2.5 detection equipment is installed on the hull of the ship, and the built-in filter membrane online sampler is used to analyze the particulate matter in the controlled outdoor atmosphere, detect the concentration of PM2.5 fine particles, and use it as the outdoor PM2. 5. Concentration output; the main control equipment is installed in the instrument panel of the control room of the ship, and is respectively connected to the diffuse visibility observer, the ship speed measurement device, the ship driving device, the indoor PM2.5 detection device and The outdoor PM2.5 detection equipment determines the maximum allowable speed of the ship according to the received visibility, and when the current speed of the ship exceeds the maximum allowable speed of the ship, sends a warning signal of overspeeding of the ship, and controls the drive equipment of the ship to decelerate until the current ship travels The speed is less than or equal to the maximum allowable speed of the ship. At the same time, when the indoor PM2.5 concentration is greater than the outdoor PM2.5 concentration, a window opening prompt signal is issued in the control room, and when the indoor PM2.5 concentration is lower than the outdoor PM2.5 concentration, a control signal is issued. Room window closing reminder signal; navigation equipment, installed in the instrument panel of the ship control room, connected to the main control equipment to send the current position of the ship to the main control equipment; display equipment, installed in the instrument panel of the ship control room, connected to the main control equipment The device can display the maximum allowable speed of the ship, the current speed of the ship, the indoor PM2.5 concentration and the outdoor P concentration in real time. M2.5 concentration; voice playback equipment, installed in the instrument panel of the ship's control room, connected to the main control device to play the voice prompt file corresponding to the ship's speeding prompt signal, the window opening prompt signal of the control room or the window closing prompt signal of the control room in real time ; The wireless communication equipment is installed on the front of the hull of the ship and connected to the main control equipment, which is used to wirelessly send the current position, visibility and outdoor PM2.5 concentration of the ship to the ship management center; wherein, the main control equipment determines the maximum of the ship according to the received visibility When the speed is allowed, the maximum allowable speed of the ship is determined according to the visibility grade range of the received visibility. The visibility grade range includes less than 100 meters, 100 meters to 1 kilometer, 1 kilometer to 2 kilometers, 2 kilometers to 5 kilometers, 5 kilometers to 100 kilometers and more than 100 kilometers.
更具体地，在所述基于气体分析的船舶控制装置中，所述散射式能见度观测仪的发射单元以33度倾角发射散射光。More specifically, in the ship control device based on gas analysis, the emitting unit of the scattered visibility observer emits scattered light at an inclination angle of 33 degrees.
更具体地，在所述基于气体分析的船舶控制装置中，所述语音播放设备还包括内置的语音文件存储单元，用于存储与船舶超速提示信号、控制室开窗提示信号或控制室关窗提示信号对应的语音提示文件。More specifically, in the ship control device based on gas analysis, the voice playback device also includes a built-in voice file storage unit for storing information related to the ship speeding prompt signal, the control room window opening prompt signal or the control room window closing The voice prompt file corresponding to the prompt signal.
更具体地，在所述基于气体分析的船舶控制装置中，所述散射式能见度观测仪的控制单元的微CPU和通信接口被封装在一个控制箱内以固定在所述散射式能见度观测仪的支架上，所述支架垂直固定于船舶船体顶部上。More specifically, in the ship control device based on gas analysis, the micro CPU and communication interface of the control unit of the scatter-type visibility meter are packaged in a control box to be fixed on the scatter-type visibility meter. On the support, the support is vertically fixed on the top of the hull of the ship.
更具体地，在所述基于气体分析的船舶控制装置中，所述显示设备接收所述主控设备发出的控制室开窗提示信号或控制室关窗提示信号，并在所述显示设备上显示动态模拟开窗或关窗动作以对船舶驾驶员进行提醒。More specifically, in the ship control device based on gas analysis, the display device receives the control room window opening prompt signal or the control room window closing prompt signal sent by the main control device, and displays on the display device Dynamically simulate the window opening or closing action to remind the ship driver.
附图说明Description of drawings
以下将结合附图对本发明的实施方案进行描述，其中：Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为根据本发明实施方案示出的基于气体分析的船舶控制装置的结构方框图。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a ship control device based on gas analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为根据本发明实施方案示出的基于气体分析的船舶控制装置的散射式能见度观测仪的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffuse visibility observer of a ship control device based on gas analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将参照附图对本发明的基于气体分析的船舶控制装置的实施方案进行详细说明。Embodiments of the gas analysis-based ship control device of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
在船舶的行驶过程中，水面能见度是一个决定船速的重要因素。能见度高的水面，驾驶员可以观察到很远的距离，能够放心地保持高速运行，而在能见度低的水面，驾驶员必须减低速度，以保留足够的反应时间处理危机。When the ship is running, the visibility on the water surface is an important factor in determining the speed of the ship. On water with high visibility, the driver can observe a long distance and can safely maintain high-speed operation, while on water with low visibility, the driver must reduce the speed to reserve enough reaction time to deal with crises.
能见度，指物体能被正常视力看到的最大距离，也指物体在一定距离时被正常目力看到的清晰程度。能见度在不同环境中大有不同。在空气特别干净的北极或是山区，能见度能够达到70～100km，然而能见度通常由于大气污染以及湿气而有所降低。烟雾可将能见度降低至零，这对于开车开船来说是非常危险的，同样在沙尘暴发生的沙漠地区以及有森林大火的地方驾车都是十分危险的。雷雨天气的暴雨不仅使能见度降低，同时由于地面湿滑而不能紧急制动。暴风雪天气也属于低能见度的范畴内。另外，烟雾、薄雾、霾的环境下，能见度有所不同。国际上对烟雾的能见度定义为不足1km，薄雾的能见度为1km～2km，霾的能见度为2km～5km。烟雾和薄雾通常被认作是水滴的重要组成部分，霾和烟的粒径相对要小一些。非常低的能见度，例如，能见度不足100米时，通常能见度被认为为零，在这种情况下道路、航路会被封锁。Visibility refers to the maximum distance that an object can be seen by normal eyesight, and also refers to the clarity of an object seen by normal eyesight at a certain distance. Visibility varies widely in different environments. In the arctic or mountainous areas where the air is particularly clean, the visibility can reach 70-100 km, but the visibility is usually reduced due to air pollution and humidity. The smoke can reduce visibility to zero, which is very dangerous for driving a boat, as well as driving in desert areas where dust storms occur and where there are forest fires. Heavy rain in thunderstorm weather not only reduces visibility, but also prevents emergency braking due to slippery ground. Blizzard weather also falls within the category of low visibility. In addition, the visibility is different in the environment of smog, mist and haze. Internationally, the visibility of smog is defined as less than 1km, the visibility of mist is 1km-2km, and the visibility of haze is 2km-5km. Smog and mist are generally considered to be important components of water droplets, and the particle sizes of haze and smoke are relatively small. Very low visibility, for example, when the visibility is less than 100 meters, the visibility is usually considered to be zero, and the road and airway will be blocked in this case.
能够测量能见度的仪器，被称为能见度观测仪。世界上普遍应用的能见度观测仪主要有透射式和散射式两种。其中，透射仪因需要基线,占地范围大，不适用于海岸台站、灯塔自动气象站及船舶上，但其具有自检能力，低能见度下性能好等优点而适用于民航系统；散射仪以其体积小和低廉的价格而广泛应用于码头、航空、高速公路等系统。An instrument capable of measuring visibility is called a visibility meter. There are mainly two types of visibility observers commonly used in the world: transmission type and scattering type. Among them, the transmissometer needs a baseline and occupies a large area, so it is not suitable for coastal stations, lighthouse automatic weather stations and ships, but it has the advantages of self-inspection ability and good performance in low visibility, so it is suitable for civil aviation systems; scatterometer Because of its small size and low price, it is widely used in docks, aviation, highways and other systems.
除了空气能见度对航速带来影响，气体中的PM2.5浓度也会给船上人员带来身体伤害，尤其对于控制室处于船体较低位置的情况。这时，需要根据控制室内外PM2.5浓度的对比决定控制室的通风策略。In addition to the impact of air visibility on the speed of the ship, the concentration of PM2.5 in the gas will also cause physical harm to the crew on board, especially for the case where the control room is located at a lower position on the ship. At this time, it is necessary to determine the ventilation strategy of the control room according to the comparison of the PM2.5 concentration inside and outside the control room.
本发明提出的基于气体分析的船舶控制装置，能够根据空气能见度自动控制航速，保证船舶的在各种不同能见度的情况下都能安全行驶，同时，能够为船舶控制室的空气状况的改善提供重要参考。The ship control device based on gas analysis proposed by the present invention can automatically control the speed of the ship according to the visibility of the air, so as to ensure that the ship can run safely under various conditions of visibility, and at the same time, it can provide important information for the improvement of the air condition in the ship control room. refer to.
图1为根据本发明实施方案示出的基于气体分析的船舶控制装置的结构方框图，所述船舶控制装置包括散射式能见度观测仪1、船舶速度测量设备2、船舶驱动设备4、主控设备3和供电设备5，所述主控设备3分别与所述散射式能见度观测仪1、所述船舶速度测量设备2和所述船舶驱动设备4连接，根据所述散射式能见度观测仪1输出的能见度确定船舶最大允许行驶速度，基于船舶最大允许行驶速度和所述船舶速度测量设备2输出的当前船舶行驶速度，通过所述船舶驱动设备4进行船舶行驶速度的控制，所述供电设备5为所述船舶控制装置中的各个设备进行供电。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a ship control device based on gas analysis shown according to an embodiment of the present invention, the ship control device includes a scattering visibility observer 1, a ship speed measuring device 2, a ship driving device 4, and a main control device 3 and power supply equipment 5, the main control equipment 3 is respectively connected with the scattering-type visibility observer 1, the ship speed measuring equipment 2 and the ship driving equipment 4, according to the visibility output by the scattering-type visibility observer 1 Determine the maximum allowable travel speed of the ship, based on the maximum allowable travel speed of the ship and the current ship travel speed output by the ship speed measuring device 2, control the ship travel speed through the ship driving device 4, and the power supply device 5 is the Each device in the ship's control gear is powered.
所述船舶控制装置的各个设备的具体结构如下。The specific structure of each device of the ship control device is as follows.
参见图2，图2为根据本发明实施方案示出的基于气体分析的船舶控制装置的散射式能见度观测仪的结构示意图。所述散射式能见度观测仪1包括支架14、发射单元11、接收单元12和控制单元13，所述支架14固定在船舶船体顶部上，所述发射单元11、所述接收单元12和所述控制单元13固定在所述支架14上，所述控制单元13包括微CPU和通信接口，所述发射单元11和所述接收单元12相对放置，所述发射单元11采用GaAs红外LED作为光源发射散射光，所述接收单元12采用PIN型光敏管接收散射光，所述控制单元13分别连接所述发射单元11和所述接收单元12，所述微CPU根据发射散射光的光强和接收散射光的光强计算能见度，所述通信接口连接所述微CPU以输出能见度。Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a scattering visibility observer of a ship control device based on gas analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention. Described scattering type visibility observer 1 comprises support 14, transmitting unit 11, receiving unit 12 and control unit 13, and described support 14 is fixed on the ship hull top, and described transmitting unit 11, described receiving unit 12 and described control unit The unit 13 is fixed on the bracket 14, the control unit 13 includes a micro CPU and a communication interface, the transmitting unit 11 and the receiving unit 12 are placed oppositely, and the transmitting unit 11 adopts a GaAs infrared LED as a light source to emit scattered light , the receiving unit 12 adopts a PIN type photosensitive tube to receive scattered light, the control unit 13 is respectively connected to the transmitting unit 11 and the receiving unit 12, and the micro CPU transmits the scattered light according to the light intensity of the scattered light and receives the scattered light The light intensity is used to calculate the visibility, and the communication interface is connected to the micro CPU to output the visibility.
船舶速度测量设备2，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，实时测量并输出当前船舶行驶速度。The ship speed measurement device 2 is installed in the instrument panel of the ship control room, and measures and outputs the current ship speed in real time.
船舶驱动设备4，安装在船舶船体后端底舱内，包括可逆转内燃发动机、由可逆转内燃发动机所驱动的分级减速齿轮系、控制可逆转内燃发动机与分级减速齿轮系接触或脱离的摩擦式离合器、驱动带有固定桨叶的螺旋桨轴和使得螺旋桨轴减速并保持不动的摩擦式制动器，其中船舶的加速和减速是通过可逆转内燃发动机对螺旋桨的旋转的速度和方向进行作用而控制的，控制时需要离合器与制动器的组合或相继的操作。The ship driving equipment 4 is installed in the bilge at the rear end of the ship hull, including a reversible internal combustion engine, a stepped reduction gear train driven by the reversible internal combustion engine, and a friction type that controls the contact or disengagement of the reversible internal combustion engine and the stepped reduction gear train. Clutch, driving the propeller shaft with fixed blades and friction brakes to slow and hold the propeller shaft, where the acceleration and deceleration of the vessel is controlled by the reversible internal combustion engine acting on the speed and direction of rotation of the propeller , the control requires a combination or sequential operation of the clutch and the brake.
室内PM2.5检测设备，安装在控制室内，采用内置的滤膜在线采样器对控制室内颗粒物进行分析，检测出其中的PM2.5细颗粒物的浓度，并作为室内PM2.5浓度输出。The indoor PM2.5 detection equipment is installed in the control room, and the built-in filter membrane online sampler is used to analyze the particulate matter in the control room, detect the concentration of PM2.5 fine particles, and output it as the indoor PM2.5 concentration.
室外PM2.5检测设备，安装在船舶船体上，采用内置的滤膜在线采样器对控制室外大气中颗粒物进行分析，检测出其中的PM2.5细颗粒物的浓度，并作为室外PM2.5浓度输出。Outdoor PM2.5 detection equipment, installed on the hull of the ship, uses the built-in filter membrane online sampler to analyze the particulate matter in the controlled outdoor atmosphere, detects the concentration of PM2.5 fine particles, and outputs it as the outdoor PM2.5 concentration .
主控设备3，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，分别连接所述散射式能见度观测仪1、所述船舶速度测量设备2、所述船舶驱动设备4、所述室内PM2.5检测设备和所述室外PM2.5检测设备，根据接收到的能见度确定船舶最大允许行驶速度，在当前船舶行驶速度超出船舶最大允许行驶速度时，发出船舶超速提示信号，并控制船舶驱动设备4减速直到当前船舶行驶速度小于或等于船舶最大允许行驶速度，同时，在室内PM2.5浓度大于室外PM2.5浓度时，发出控制室开窗提示信号，在室内PM2.5浓度小于室外PM2.5浓度时，发出控制室关窗提示信号。The main control device 3 is installed in the instrument panel of the control room of the ship, and is respectively connected to the diffuse visibility observer 1, the ship speed measurement device 2, the ship driving device 4, the indoor PM2.5 detection device and The outdoor PM2.5 detection equipment determines the maximum allowable speed of the ship according to the received visibility. When the current speed of the ship exceeds the maximum allowable speed of the ship, a ship speeding prompt signal is sent, and the ship driving device 4 is controlled to decelerate until the current ship speed The driving speed is less than or equal to the maximum allowable driving speed of the ship. At the same time, when the indoor PM2.5 concentration is greater than the outdoor PM2.5 concentration, the control room window opening prompt signal is issued, and when the indoor PM2.5 concentration is lower than the outdoor PM2.5 concentration, a Control room window closing prompt signal.
导航设备，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，连接主控设备3以将船舶当前位置发送给主控设备3。The navigation equipment is installed in the instrument panel of the control room of the ship, and is connected to the main control device 3 to send the current position of the ship to the main control device 3 .
显示设备，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，连接主控设备3以实时显示船舶最大允许行驶速度、当前船舶行驶速度、室内PM2.5浓度和室外PM2.5浓度。The display device is installed in the instrument panel of the control room of the ship, and is connected to the main control device 3 to display the maximum allowable speed of the ship, the current speed of the ship, the indoor PM2.5 concentration and the outdoor PM2.5 concentration in real time.
语音播放设备，安装在船舶控制室的仪表盘内，连接主控设备3以实时播放与船舶超速提示信号、控制室开窗提示信号或控制室关窗提示信号对应的语音提示文件。The voice playback device is installed in the instrument panel of the ship's control room, and is connected to the main control device 3 to play in real time the voice prompt file corresponding to the ship's speeding prompt signal, the control room window opening prompt signal or the control room window closing prompt signal.
无线通信设备，安装在船舶船体前端，连接主控设备3，用于将船舶当前位置、能见度和室外PM2.5浓度无线发送到船舶管理中心。The wireless communication device is installed at the front of the hull of the ship, connected to the main control device 3, and used to wirelessly send the current position, visibility and outdoor PM2.5 concentration of the ship to the ship management center.
其中，主控设备3根据接收到的能见度确定船舶最大允许行驶速度时，根据接收到的能见度所处于的能见度等级范围确定不同的船舶最大允许行驶速度，所述能见度等级范围包括不足100米、100米到1公里、1公里到2公里、2公里到5公里、5公里到100公里和100公里以上。Wherein, when the main control device 3 determines the maximum allowable speed of the ship according to the received visibility, it determines different maximum allowable speeds of the ship according to the visibility level range of the received visibility. The visibility level range includes less than 100 meters, 100 meters, Meters to 1 km, 1 km to 2 km, 2 km to 5 km, 5 km to 100 km and over 100 km.
其中，所述散射式能见度观测仪1的发射单元11以33度倾角发射散射光；所述语音播放设备还包括内置的语音文件存储单元，用于存储与船舶超速提示信号、控制室开窗提示信号或控制室关窗提示信号对应的语音提示文件；所述散射式能见度观测仪1的控制单元13的微CPU和通信接口被封装在一个控制箱内以固定在所述散射式能见度观测仪1的支架14上，所述支架14垂直固定于船舶船体顶部上；所述显示设备接收所述主控设备3发出的控制室开窗提示信号或控制室关窗提示信号，并在所述显示设备上显示动态模拟开窗或关窗动作以对船舶驾驶员进行提醒。Wherein, the transmitting unit 11 of the scattering-type visibility observer 1 emits scattered light at an inclination angle of 33 degrees; the voice playback device also includes a built-in voice file storage unit, which is used to store the speeding prompt signal of the ship and the window opening prompt of the control room. signal or the voice prompt file corresponding to the prompt signal for closing the window in the control room; the micro CPU and communication interface of the control unit 13 of the diffuse visibility observer 1 are packaged in a control box to be fixed on the diffuse visibility observer 1 On the bracket 14, the bracket 14 is vertically fixed on the top of the hull of the ship; the display device receives the control room window opening prompt signal or the control room window closing prompt signal sent by the main control device 3, and displays on the display device The dynamic simulation window opening or closing action is displayed on the screen to remind the ship driver.
另外，PM2.5细颗粒物又称细粒、细颗粒。大气中粒径小于2μm(有时用小于2.5μm，即PM2.5)的颗粒物(气溶胶)。虽然细颗粒物只是地球大气成分中含量很少的组分，但它对空气质量和能见度等有重要的影响。细颗粒物粒径小，富含大量的有毒、有害物质且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远，因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。2012年2月，中国国务院同意发布新修订的《环境空气质量标准》增加了细颗粒物监测指标。2013年2月28日，中国全国科学技术名词审定委员会称PM2.5拟正式命名为细颗粒物，本发明所采用的PM2.5检测仪器，具有新世纪国际先进水平的新型内置滤膜在线采样器的微电脑激光粉尘仪,在连续监测粉尘浓度的同时,可收集到颗粒物,以便对其成份进行分析，并求出质量浓度转换系数K值。可直读粉尘质量浓度(mg/m),具有PM10、PM5、PM2.5检测选项供选择。In addition, PM2.5 fine particles are also called fine particles and fine particles. Particulate matter (aerosol) with a particle size of less than 2 μm (sometimes less than 2.5 μm, ie PM2.5) in the atmosphere. Although fine particulate matter is only a small component of the earth's atmospheric composition, it has an important impact on air quality and visibility. Fine particulate matter has a small particle size, is rich in a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, stays in the atmosphere for a long time, and is transported over a long distance, so it has a greater impact on human health and the quality of the atmospheric environment. In February 2012, the State Council of China agreed to release the newly revised "Ambient Air Quality Standards", adding monitoring indicators for fine particulate matter. On February 28, 2013, the China National Committee for the Examination of Scientific and Technical Terms stated that PM2.5 is to be officially named as fine particulate matter. The PM2.5 detection instrument used in this invention is a new type of built-in filter membrane online sampler with international advanced level in the new century. The advanced microcomputer laser dust meter can collect particulate matter while continuously monitoring the dust concentration, so as to analyze its composition and calculate the mass concentration conversion coefficient K value. It can directly read the dust mass concentration (mg/m), and has PM10, PM5, PM2.5 detection options for selection.
本发明的基于气体分析的船舶控制装置，通过对船舶行驶环境中空气能见度的检测，自动确定船舶的安全行驶速度，保证船舶在不同的能见度环境下安全高效通过水面，同时，提供控制室内外PM2.5浓度数据，为驾驶员改善控制室内空气环境提供重要参考。The ship control device based on gas analysis of the present invention can automatically determine the safe driving speed of the ship by detecting the air visibility in the ship driving environment, so as to ensure that the ship can pass through the water safely and efficiently in different visibility environments, and at the same time, provide control indoor and outdoor PM2 .5 Concentration data, providing an important reference for drivers to improve the air environment in the control room.
可以理解的是，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上，然而上述实施例并非用以限定本发明。对于任何熟悉本领域的技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。It can be understood that although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For any person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, the technical content disclosed above can be used to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or be modified into equivalent changes, etc. effective example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention, which do not deviate from the technical solution of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410362300.4ACN104122232B (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2014-07-28 | ship control device based on gas analysis |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410362300.4ACN104122232B (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2014-07-28 | ship control device based on gas analysis |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510111507.9ADivisionCN104677861A (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2014-07-28 | Ship control device based on gas analysis |
| CN201510111531.2ADivisionCN104697958A (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2014-07-28 | Ship control device based on gas analysis |
| CN201410833927.3ADivisionCN104535537A (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2014-07-28 | Ship control device based on gas analysis |
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| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder | Address after:226600 No. 6 Xiyuan Avenue, Haian Town, Haian City, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after:Jiangsu Enda General Equipment Group Co., Ltd Address before:226600 No. 6 Xiyuan Avenue, Haian Town, Haian City, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before:JIANGSU ENDA GENERAL EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. |