技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种波导显示器，尤其涉及一种基于集成化自由曲面光学元件的波导显示器。The invention relates to a waveguide display, in particular to a waveguide display based on an integrated free-form surface optical element.
背景技术Background technique
现有透视型光学波导显示器，主要由图像源、中继光学系统、输入耦合器、输出耦合器(光束组合器)、以及平板光波导这些部分组成。按输出耦合器(光束组合器，combiner，通常有两个通道，使透射光束进入人眼，同时耦合经波导传播后的像源虚拟图像进入人眼，使人眼能观察到一幅叠加于真实场景之上的虚拟图像)分类，包括基于镀膜反射镜阵列的波导显示器和基于集成化自由曲面光学元件的波导显示器。Existing see-through optical waveguide displays are mainly composed of an image source, a relay optical system, an input coupler, an output coupler (beam combiner), and a flat optical waveguide. According to the output coupler (beam combiner, combiner, there are usually two channels, so that the transmitted beam enters the human eye, and at the same time, the virtual image of the image source after coupling through the waveguide enters the human eye, so that the human eye can observe a picture superimposed on the real image. Virtual image on top of the scene) category, including waveguide displays based on coated mirror arrays and waveguide displays based on integrated free-form surface optical elements.
这两种类型的波导显示器的共同缺点之一就是波导显示器在像源后引入附加的中继光学系统准直其出射光线，这使得显示系统的整个体积和重量显著增大。One of the common disadvantages of these two types of waveguide displays is that the waveguide display introduces an additional relay optical system behind the image source to collimate its outgoing light, which significantly increases the overall volume and weight of the display system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本发明要解决的技术问题就是如何解决现有波导显示器的中设有中继光学系统导致波导显示器整个体积和重量显著增大的问题。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to solve the problem that the existing waveguide display is provided with a relay optical system, which leads to a significant increase in the overall volume and weight of the waveguide display.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solution
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种基于集成化自由曲面光学元件的波导显示器，包括图像源、输入耦合器、输出耦合器、平板光波导，其特征在于，所述输入耦合器包括一个透射光线的和一个反射光线的自由曲面，并且集成于平板光波导上，形成一个集成光波导。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a waveguide display based on integrated freeform surface optical elements, including an image source, an input coupler, an output coupler, and a flat optical waveguide, wherein the input coupler includes a A light-transmitting free-form surface and a light-reflecting free-form surface are integrated on the flat optical waveguide to form an integrated optical waveguide.
优选地，所述自由曲面为球面，或二次曲面，或非球面，或变形非球面，或泽尼克多项式面型，或XY多项式面型。Preferably, the free-form surface is a spherical surface, or a quadric surface, or an aspheric surface, or a deformed aspheric surface, or a Zernike polynomial surface, or an XY polynomial surface.
优选地，所述透射光线的自由曲面为XY多项式，所述反射光线的自由曲面为球面。Preferably, the free-form surface of the transmitted light is an XY polynomial, and the free-form surface of the reflected light is a spherical surface.
优选地，输入耦合器z方向厚度为3mm以上10mm以下。Preferably, the thickness of the input coupler in the z direction is not less than 3 mm and not more than 10 mm.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明的一种基于集成化自由曲面光学元件的波导显示器，其输入耦合器包括一个透射光线的和一个反射光线的自由曲面，并且集成于平板光波导上，形成一个集成光波导，通过采用此结构，集成于平板光波上的输入耦合器直接耦合图像源光线进入波导，同时对光线进行准直，代替光学中继系统，不需要传统的准直光学系统，解决了波导显示器整个体积和重量太大的问题。A waveguide display based on integrated free-form surface optical elements of the present invention, its input coupler includes a free-form surface that transmits light and a light-reflecting free-form surface, and is integrated on a flat optical waveguide to form an integrated optical waveguide. By using this structure, the input coupler integrated on the flat light wave directly couples the image source light into the waveguide, and collimates the light at the same time, instead of the optical relay system, without the traditional collimation optical system, which solves the problem that the entire volume and weight of the waveguide display are too large Big question.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1：传统的视透型波导显示器的系统结构示意图；Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the system structure of a traditional see-through waveguide display;
图2：本发明提供基于集成化自由曲面光学元件的波导显示器的结构示意图；Figure 2: The present invention provides a schematic structural view of a waveguide display based on an integrated freeform surface optical element;
图3：自由曲面输入耦合器的光路图；Figure 3: Optical path diagram of the freeform surface input coupler;
图4：自由曲面输入耦合器调制传递函数曲线图Figure 4: Modulation transfer function plot of a free-form surface input coupler
图5：自由曲面输入耦合器模拟成像图；Figure 5: Simulation image of free-form surface input coupler;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。Embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
现有技术中的视透型波导显示器的显示系统如图1所示，包括中继光学系统，从而显示系统的整个体积和重量显著增大，且显示器的视角明显受限制。The display system of the see-through waveguide display in the prior art is shown in FIG. 1 , which includes a relay optical system, so that the overall volume and weight of the display system are significantly increased, and the viewing angle of the display is obviously limited.
为了解决上述技术问题，本实施例提供了一种基于集成化自由曲面光学元件的波导显示器，包括图像源、输入耦合器、输出耦合器、平板光波导，其特征在于，所述输入耦合器包括透射光线的一个自由曲面和反射光线的一个球面，并且集成于平板光波导上。In order to solve the above technical problems, this embodiment provides a waveguide display based on integrated free-form surface optical elements, including an image source, an input coupler, an output coupler, and a flat optical waveguide, wherein the input coupler includes A free-form surface that transmits light and a spherical surface that reflects light, and is integrated on a flat optical waveguide.
本实施例中，所述输出耦合器厚度为3.2μm，且密接于平板光波导z向上方。In this embodiment, the output coupler has a thickness of 3.2 μm, and is in close contact with the planar optical waveguide upward in the z direction.
平板光波导z方向厚为3mm下，折射率为1.52。The thickness of the flat optical waveguide in the z direction is 3 mm, and the refractive index is 1.52.
所述基于衍射光学元件的波导显示器整体y方向长65mm。The overall length of the waveguide display based on the diffractive optical element is 65 mm in the y direction.
所述输入耦合器集成于平板光波导上，形成一个集成光波导，如图2所示。The input coupler is integrated on the flat optical waveguide to form an integrated optical waveguide, as shown in FIG. 2 .
所述输入耦合器包括透射光线的一个自由曲面(s1)和反射光线的一个球面(s2)，如图3所示，其几何结构满足以下关系The input coupler includes a free-form surface (s1) for transmitting light and a spherical surface (s2) for reflecting light, as shown in Figure 3, and its geometric structure satisfies the following relationship
其中θi0,θi1θi2分别为中心和边缘视场在平板光波导中的全反射传输角,θTIR是波导的全反射条件角。yp1,yp1'和yp1”分别为p1,p1'和p1”在全局坐标系下的y坐标.类似的，zp1,zp1',zp1”and zp2为z坐标。在实施例中，θi0为52°，θi2为43°，θi1为61°。Among them, θi0 , θi1 , θi2 are the total reflection transmission angles of the center and edge field of view in the flat optical waveguide respectively, and θTIR is the total reflection condition angle of the waveguide. yp1 , yp1' and yp1" are respectively the y coordinates of p1 , p1 ' and p1 " in the global coordinate system. Similarly, zp1 , zp1' , zp1" and zp2 are the z coordinates In the embodiment, θi0 is 52°, θi2 is 43°, and θi1 is 61°.
所述输入耦合器包括两个光阑位置Si、So，Si位于输入耦合器与平板光波导密接处，So位于系统出瞳处，如图3所示，EP为So与S2面之间的光路展开距离，为64mm。The input coupler includes two aperture positions Si and So, Si is located at the close contact between the input coupler and the flat optical waveguide, and So is located at the exit pupil of the system, as shown in Figure 3, EP is the optical path between the So and S2 planes The unfolding distance is 64mm.
输入耦合器的自由曲面面型为XY多项式。The freeform surface profile of the input coupler is an XY polynomial.
XY多项式方程为：The XY polynomial equation is:
其中各项系数Cj见表1：The various coefficients Cj are shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
自由曲面输入耦合器调制传递函数曲线图如图4所示，自由曲面输入耦合器在30lp/mm处中心视场MTF在0.4以上，边缘视场MTF在0.2以上。The modulation transfer function curve of the free-form surface input coupler is shown in Figure 4. The MTF of the central field of view of the free-form surface input coupler at 30 lp/mm is above 0.4, and the MTF of the peripheral field of view is above 0.2.
输入耦合器z方向厚度为10mm。The thickness of the input coupler in the z direction is 10mm.
输入耦合器视场为24*18°。The field of view of the input coupler is 24*18°.
输入耦合器畸变小于4％。Input coupler distortion is less than 4%.
采用0.61英寸的单色微显示器作为图像源，波导显示器的视场达36*27°。全息耦合输出器的衍射效率为28.7％以上，整个系统的效率在2％以上。自由曲面输入耦合器模拟成像图如图5所示，除了边缘略有畸变外，成像清晰。A 0.61-inch monochrome microdisplay is used as the image source, and the field of view of the waveguide display reaches 36*27°. The diffraction efficiency of the holographic coupler is above 28.7%, and the efficiency of the whole system is above 2%. The simulated image of the free-form surface input coupler is shown in Figure 5. Except for a slight distortion at the edge, the image is clear.
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而非对本发明的限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行各种组合、修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all should cover Within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410226105.9ACN104090330B (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2014-05-26 | A kind of Waveguide display based on integrated freeform optics element |
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| CN201410226105.9ACN104090330B (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2014-05-26 | A kind of Waveguide display based on integrated freeform optics element |
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| CN201410226105.9AActiveCN104090330B (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2014-05-26 | A kind of Waveguide display based on integrated freeform optics element |
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