A kind ofly grow seedlings, the plant cultivation method of mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combinationTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly to grow seedlings, the plant cultivation method of mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combination, especially relate to a kind of plant cultivation method that is applicable to the growing seedlings of Desert Area, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combination, belong to forestry and desertification control technical field.
Background technology
The desertification situation of China is very severe, points out according to the State Administration of Forestry in 1998 material that the government departments such as office deliver that prevents and controls desertification, and China is one of serious country of desertification in the world.How to administer desertification and become a difficult problem in the urgent need to address.
The most scarce in desert is water, is to solve the optimum method that water body runs off and utilize biological and engineering measure to construct protection forest system, and plant can be checked winds and fixed drifting sand simultaneously, is the effective way of effecting a radical cure desertification.But, plant is at seedling development stage, seedling vegetative stage, inevitably can be subject to the restriction of growing environment factor, particularly be planted in the plant of wild environment, the impact of climate, insect pest, surface factor, and manual intervention not in time, management method is improper etc., all can cause dying young of plant, reduce its storage rate, can not bring into play the Greening functions that plant should be brought into play.How solving the survival rate of plant in rugged environment is key to the issue, need to avoid high temperature, drift sand, the injury of damage by disease and insect to plant by a kind of effective means, improves survival rate.
It is mainly to adopt field seedling-cultivating method that existing eremophytes is grown seedlings, nursery stock size, length are uneven, when lifting, main root is fractureed, worm etc. in spite of illness, lack high-quality, standardization nursery stock, not only affected survival rate, be also unfavorable for planting mechanization, and adopt feeding block seedlings raising, nutritive cube only plays the carrier function of growing seedlings, and when transplanting, nutritive cube can remove or be buried in plantation hole and completed mission with plant roots; Protective jacket under existing non-irrigated condition and pipe fitting guard technology, only after plant seedlings is first transplanted in desert field, to overlap again protective jacket or pipe fitting, be difficult to realize mechanized operation, can not be the growth of seedling supply Nutrients uptake with Nutrition Soil, and protector and seedling are separately transports, and this can cause cost to increase; Desert field adopts direct-seeding plant seed to overlap protective jacket or pipe fitting again simultaneously, and survival rate is low, is only 40～50%.That is to say that, in present desert treatment process, seedling raising process, transplanting process, protection process are not organic connections, not only seedling quality is difficult to ensure, transplanting mechanization is also difficult to realize, and efficiency and effect are difficult to ensure.Therefore; how to realize and grow seedlings, transplant and protect combination; the enforcement that effectively improves eremophytes seedling quality, promotes plantation storage rate and be beneficial to planting mechanization becomes the key factor that advances extensive desertification treatment, becomes unreachable dream otherwise administer desertification.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provide a kind of effectively reinforced polyamide stability, improve the polyamide thermal oxide stabilization additives of the yellowing resistance of polyamide.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Grow seedlings, the plant cultivation method of mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combination, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) protection bucket is grown seedlings: protection bucket is the staving of a upper end open, load formula nutritional soil therein, the upper surface of described formula nutritional soil is 2～10 cm apart from the distance of the upper port of staving, after the protection bucket that installs Nutrition Soil is arranged, plant seed is seeded in formula nutritional soil or by plants shoots cuttage and enters (position of sowing or cuttage is preferably the center of formula nutritional soil) in formula nutritional soil, in the time sowing for plant seed, also need to after completing, sowing cover again last layer formula nutritional soil on the surface of formula nutritional soil, then carry out daily water, fertile, pest management and control, seedling cultivates plants,
(2) plant seedlings mechanization transplanting and protection: be transported to the Desert Area that needs treatment after first step (1) being cultivated to the plant seedlings obtaining and protecting bucket entire package, then, (described planting machinery is commercially available to utilize planting machinery, as Portable digging machine for planting trees) first dig pit, then protection bucket is implanted in the soil of Desert Area together with plant seedlings entirety, the place that cannot implement at eremophytes planting machinery, the plantation of employing manual type, wherein, the degree of depth that protection bucket is placed into the soil is 20～35 cm, be highly 5～15 cm on the ground, finally by the soil compaction around of protection bucket, carry out the daily management of Desert Area planting transplanting, described protection bucket forms the rhizome protection of 1-3 to the seedling after transplanting.
Further, the material of described protection bucket is that degradation material is polythene PE, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene PP, calcium carbonate, fine sand, one or more in degradable biological polymer.
And described protection bucket is a cylindricality drum, the sidewall of cylindricality drum is double layer hollow wall, the inside of double layer hollow wall forms air layer, and the bottom of cylindricality drum and lower sidewall are provided with root system of plant and stretch out hole, the less plant of seedling individuality while being mainly used in growing seedlings out garden.
Or, described protection bucket is an individual layer protection bucket, it comprises upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel, and the sidewall of described upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel is single layer structure, the internal diameter of described upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel dwindles gradually to bottom by upper port and forms horn-like structure, and upper sleeve is set on the bucket wall of bottom Planting barrel, and described upper sleeve is identical with the external diameter of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel at the internal diameter of 1/3～2/3 At The Height, in addition, the bottom of described bottom Planting barrel and lower sidewall are provided with root system of plant and stretch out hole, the larger plant of seedling individuality while going out garden while being mainly used in growing seedlings.
Further, described formula nutritional soil is one or more in Desert Sand, mineral nutrition, clay, turfy soil, water-loss reducer, vermiculite, perlite and the pig of becoming thoroughly decomposed, sheep, cow dung.
In addition, the described Desert Area of step (2) is a kind of area at least having in following condition: apart from temperature >=50 DEG C at surface layer 0～2 cm place; Dust storm is larger; Small animal harm is serious.
Or the described Desert Area of step (2) comprises desert, wasteland and loess plateau.
Or described Desert Area comprises desert, Gobi desert and Rocky Desertification Region.
And described plant is any in the plants such as Haloxylon plant, diversiform-leaved poplar, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, red building, willow, elm, arrow-leaved oleaster, husky honey raisin tree, sea-buckthorn, caragana microphylla, hedysarum scoparium, white thorn, salix monogolica, Cathay poplar.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention is by protection bucket, has realized that eremophytes under facility condition is grown seedlings, the combination of effective protection after mechanization transplanting and transplanting.The quality that has not only effectively improved eremophytes nursery stock, has realized the standardization of nursery stock, and nursery stock is transported safely in guarantee; And be beneficial to the operation of eremophytes planting mechanization, improve plantation efficiency, reduced cost; Can also realize desert plantation and not be subject to the restriction in season; In addition, can also, for by carrying Nutrition Soil and water-loss reducer for seedling provides nutrient and moisture under Desert Conditions, promote growth.Production method of the present invention promotes the survival rate of eremophytes under desert rigor condition synthetically, effectively, makes plant under extremely severe condition, not need too much manual intervention just can survive; Survival rate and storage rate than the protective jacket under existing non-irrigated condition and pipe fitting guard technology taller go out 20～30%.The effective way that these are all administered desertification and realize industrialization becoming is the following preferred plan of administering desertification and realizing industrialization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of cylindricality drum of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the polycrystalline substance schematic diagram of cylindricality cylinder of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of bottom of the present invention Planting barrel;
Fig. 4 is the polycrystalline substance schematic diagram of bottom of the present invention Planting barrel;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of upper sleeve of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of individual layer protection bucket of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of cylindricality drum filling formulation Nutrition Soil of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of bottom of the present invention Planting barrel filling formulation Nutrition Soil;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation discharging after cylindricality drum filling formulation Nutrition Soil of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the view after cylindricality drum of the present invention is grown seedlings;
Figure 11 is the view after bottom of the present invention Planting barrel is grown seedlings;
Figure 12 is the view after transplanting after cylindricality drum of the present invention is grown seedlings;
Figure 13 is the view after transplanting after individual layer protection bucket of the present invention is grown seedlings.
In figure, main Reference numeral implication is:
1, the bottom of cylindricality drum 11, double layer hollow wall 12, cylindricality drum
13, root system of plant stretches out hole 2, individual layer protection bucket 21, upper sleeve
22, bottom Planting barrel 23, the bottom 3 of bottom Planting barrel, soil.
Embodiment
Be that the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Choice experiment place, be selected in the desert areas of plant transplantation, it is the key factor that hinders plant seedling storage rate and grow that earth's surface, Desert Area high temperature, dust storm and small animal such as gnaw at the threat, some regions cause the temperature of surface layer 0～2 cm very high because of direct sunlight, therefore test place and should select the area of direct sunlight, and wind-engaging sand shadow rings larger place.
In the present embodiment,
one, implement place:
Choosing Inner Mongol Tengger desert NORTHEAST MARGIN is desert afforestation demonstration area, and this region is extremely harsh desert habitat, and summer, surface temperature was usually up to more than 60 DEG C; Base, nursery is at Alashan Reservoir Estimation in Bayanhot suburban area.
two, implement scale:
The red building seedling of 500 cuttages; The Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling of 500 strain sowings.
three, the enforcement time:
In March, 2013.
four, the selection of plants shoots and the preparation of sowing seed for cuttage:
Selecting with young shoot stalwartness, without the red building branch of damage by disease and insect, long 40 cm left and right, thick 1-2cm is red building branches for cuttage, and branch is placed in pond and soaks and within 2 ~ 3 days, get final product cuttage, in order to improve survival rate, before cuttage, available root-inducing powder 100 mg/kg soak 5 ~ 6 h; Glycyrrhiza Seeds is first selected, before sowing, by also ceaselessly stirring in the warm water of 60 DEG C of seed immersions, after water temperature declines, seed is pulled out and is immersed in clear water, until expand, pulls out and drains and can sow.
five, prepare protection bucket:
For Radix Glycyrrhizae, select cylindricality drum 1, the sidewall of cylindricality drum is double layer hollow wall 11, the inside of double layer hollow wall 11 forms air layer, and the bottom 12 of cylindricality drum and sidewall 11 bottoms are provided with root system of plant and stretch out hole 13(as depicted in figs. 1 and 2).And the internal diameter of described cylindricality drum 1 is 5cm, total height is 40cm, and the wall thickness of sidewall 11 is 0.4 cm.
To the formula nutritional soil of the suitable growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of the interior filling of cylindricality drum 1, (formula of described Nutrition Soil is for being made into by volume with Desert Sand, vermiculite, perlite and decay sheep excrement, ratio is: Sha Mo Sha ︰ Zhi Shi ︰ Zhen Zhu Yan ︰ decay sheep excrement=5 ︰ 1.5 ︰ 1.5 ︰ 4), the upper surface of formula nutritional soil apart from the distance of the upper port of cylindricality drum 1 be 5 cm(as shown in Figure 7); Then the cylindricality drum 1 that fills up formula nutritional soil is arranged neatly and placed (as shown in Figure 9) in facility condition next row one.
And for red building: select individual layer protection bucket 2(as shown in Figure 6), it comprises upper sleeve 21 and bottom Planting barrel 22, and described upper sleeve 21 and the sidewall of bottom Planting barrel 22 are single layer structure, described upper sleeve 21 and the internal diameter of bottom Planting barrel 22 dwindle gradually to bottom by upper port and form horn-like structure, and upper sleeve 21 is set on the bucket wall of bottom Planting barrel 22, and described upper sleeve 21 is identical with the external diameter of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel 22 at the internal diameter of 1/3～2/3 At The Height, in addition, the bottom 23 of described bottom Planting barrel and lower sidewall are provided with root system of plant and stretch out hole 13.
And in the present embodiment, the external diameter of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel 22 is 6 cm, bottom 23 external diameters of bottom Planting barrel are 4.5 cm, total height is 25 cm, side thickness 0.2 cm, and the internal diameter of the upper port of upper sleeve 21 is 7 cm, the internal diameter of lower port is 5.5 cm, total height is 30 cm, after sidewall, be 0.2 cm(as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4).
To the formula nutritional soil (formula of described Nutrition Soil is for being made into by volume with Desert Sand, vermiculite, perlite and decay sheep excrement, and ratio is: the precious pearl rock ︰ of husky unconcerned husky ︰ leech stone ︰ decay sheep excrement=5 ︰ 1.5 ︰ 1.5 ︰ 2) of the suitable red building growth of the interior filling of bottom Planting barrel 22; The upper surface of formula nutritional soil apart from the distance of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel 22 be 5 cm(as shown in Figure 5); Then the bottom Planting barrel 22 that fills up formula nutritional soil is arranged neatly and placed (as shown in Figure 8) in facility condition next row one.
six, cuttage and sowing:
Glycyrrhiza Seeds is seeded into the center in the formula nutritional soil in cylindricality drum 1, each cylindricality drum 1 is sowed 2-3 grain Glycyrrhiza Seeds, then, after sowing completes, cover last layer formula nutritional soil on the surface of formula nutritional soil, after emerging, each cylindricality drum 1 retains 1～2 strain seedling (as shown in figure 10) again;
Red building branch cutting is entered to the center of formula nutritional soil in individual layer protection bucket 2, plant dark 10～20 cm, one of cuttage (as shown in figure 11) in each individual layer protection bucket 2.
According to the demand of growing of red building and Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling, carry out normal water, fertilizer, pest management and control, cultivate red building and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
seven, go out garden and transport:
By the end of September, after Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling culture is good (as shown in figure 10), cylindricality drum 1 packing and transporting together with Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling is arrived to the Tengger desert base that needs improvement; Or described individual layer protection bucket 2 is inserted to described upper sleeve 21(as shown in Figure 6 together with red building seedling), then packing and transporting is to the desert base that needs to administer.
eight: transplant:
Utilize Portable digging machine for planting trees Y1 type (manufacture of Qufu Li Feng agricultural machinery Co., Ltd) first to dig pit, then will protect bucket implants in hole together with plant seedlings entirety, the place that cannot implement at planting machinery, the plantation of employing manual type, wherein, the degree of depth that protection bucket is placed into the soil is 20～35 cm, be highly 5～15 cm on the ground, finally by the soil compaction (as shown in Figure 12,13) around of protection bucket, carry out the daily management of Desert Area planting transplanting, described protection bucket forms the rhizome overall integrity protection of 1-3 to the seedling after transplanting.
nine, experimental result:
From October so far, recorded Radix Glycyrrhizae and red building plant survival rate situation every approximately 2～4 months, in table 1.
Table 1: the survival rate application form of red building and Radix Glycyrrhizae
As shown in Table 1: the survival rate of the plant of method of the present invention cultivation has reached more than 97%, the present invention is by protection bucket, realized that eremophytes under facility condition is grown seedlings, the combination of effective protection after mechanization transplanting and transplanting.The quality that has not only effectively improved eremophytes nursery stock, has realized the standardization of nursery stock, and nursery stock is transported safely in guarantee; And be beneficial to the operation of eremophytes planting mechanization, improve plantation efficiency, reduced cost; Can also realize desert plantation and not be subject to the restriction in season; In addition, can also, for by carrying Nutrition Soil and water-loss reducer for seedling provides nutrient and moisture under Desert Conditions, promote growth.Production method of the present invention promotes the survival rate of eremophytes under desert rigor condition synthetically, effectively, makes plant under extremely severe condition, not need too much manual intervention just can survive; Survival rate and storage rate than the protective jacket under existing non-irrigated condition and pipe fitting guard technology taller go out 20～30%.The effective way that these are all administered desertification and realize industrialization becoming is the following preferred plan of administering desertification and realizing industrialization.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of patent of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of patent principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as the protection domain of patent of the present invention.