技术领域technical field
本发明涉及从烟草制成或衍生出的产品，或者以其它方式包含烟草、且意图用于人消费的产品。具体地，本发明涉及无烟烟草产品，其含有从烟草属种(Nicotiana species)植物得到或衍生出的成分或组分。The present invention relates to products made or derived from, or otherwise containing tobacco, intended for human consumption. In particular, the present invention relates to smokeless tobacco products containing ingredients or components obtained or derived from plants of the Nicotiana species.
背景技术Background technique
香烟、雪茄和烟斗是利用不同形式的烟草的流行吸烟制品。这样的吸烟制品通过加热或燃烧烟草来使用，并且由吸烟者吸入气溶胶(例如，烟气)。还可以以所谓“无烟”形式享用烟草。通过一些形式的经过处理的烟草或含烟草制剂插入使用者嘴中，使用特别流行的无烟烟草产品。参见例如，在下述文献中阐述的无烟烟草制剂类型、成分和加工方法：Schwartz的美国专利号1,376,586；Levi的美国专利号3,696,917；Pittman等人的美国专利号4,513,756；Sensabaugh,Jr.等人的美国专利号4,528,993；Story等人的美国专利号4,624,269；Tibbetts的美国专利号4,991,599；Townsend的美国专利号4,987,907；Sprinkle,III等人的美国专利号5,092,352；White等人的美国专利号5,387,416；Williams的美国专利号6,668,839；Williams的美国专利号6,834,654；Atchley等人的美国专利号6,953,040；Atchley等人的美国专利号7,032,601；和Atchley等人的美国专利号7,694,686；Williams的美国专利公开号2004/0020503；Quinter等人的美国专利公开号2005/0115580；Strickland等人的美国专利公开号2005/0244521；Strickland等人的美国专利公开号2006/0191548；Holton,Jr.等人的美国专利公开号2007/0062549；Holton,Jr.等人的美国专利公开号2007/0186941；Strickland等人的美国专利公开号2007/0186942；Dube等人的美国专利公开号2008/0029110；Robinson等人的美国专利公开号2008/0029116；Robinson等人的美国专利公开号2008/0173317；Engstrom等人的美国专利公开号2008/0196730；Neilsen等人的美国专利公开号2008/0209586；Crawford等人的美国专利公开号2008/0305216；Essen等人的美国专利公开号2009/0065013；Kumar等人的美国专利公开号2009/0293889；Gao等人的美国专利公开号2010/0291245；和Mua等人的美国专利公开号2011/0139164；Arnarp等人的PCT WO 04/095959；和Atchley的WO 2010/132444，它们中的每一篇通过引用并入本文。已经投放市场的示例性的无烟烟草产品包括被称作下述名称的那些：R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company的CAMEL Snus、CAMEL Orbs、CAMELStrips和CAMEL Sticks；American Snuff Company,LLC的GRIZZLY潮湿烟草、KODIAK潮湿烟草、LEVI GARRETT松散烟草和TAYLOR'SPRIDE松散烟草；Swisher International,Inc.的KAYAK潮湿鼻烟和CHATTANOOGA CHEW嚼烟；Pinkerton Tobacco Co.LP的REDMAN嚼烟；U.S.Smokeless Tobacco Company的COPENHAGEN潮湿烟草、COPENHAGEN Pouches、SKOAL Bandits、SKOAL Pouches、RED SEAL长条带和REVEL Mint Tobacco Packs；以及Philip Morris USA.的MARLBORO Snus和Taboka。Cigarettes, cigars, and pipes are popular smoking articles that utilize various forms of tobacco. Such smoking articles are used by heating or burning tobacco, and an aerosol (eg, smoke) is inhaled by the smoker. Tobacco can also be enjoyed in so-called "smoke-free" forms. Smokeless tobacco products, which are particularly popular, are used by inserting some form of processed tobacco or tobacco-containing preparations into the user's mouth. See, for example, the types, ingredients, and processing methods of smokeless tobacco formulations described in: U.S. Patent No. 1,376,586 to Schwartz; U.S. Patent No. 3,696,917 to Levi; U.S. Patent No. 4,513,756 to Pittman et al.; US Patent No. 4,528,993; US Patent No. 4,624,269 to Story et al.; US Patent No. 4,991,599 to Tibbetts; US Patent No. 4,987,907 to Townsend; US Patent No. 5,092,352 to Sprinkle, III et al.; U.S. Patent No. 6,668,839; U.S. Patent No. 6,834,654 to Williams; U.S. Patent No. 6,953,040 to Atchley et al; U.S. Patent No. 7,032,601 to Atchley et al; and U.S. Patent No. 7,694,686 to Atchley et al; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0115580 to Quinter et al; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0244521 to Strickland et al; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0191548 to Strickland et al; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0062549 to Holton, Jr. et al U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0186941 to Holton, Jr. et al.; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0186942 to Strickland et al.; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0029110 to Dube et al.; 0029116; US Patent Publication No. 2008/0173317 to Robinson et al; US Patent Publication No. 2008/0196730 to Engstrom et al; US Patent Publication No. 2008/0209586 to Neilsen et al; US Patent Publication No. 2008/0305216 to Crawford et al; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0065013 to Essen et al.; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0293889 to Kumar et al.; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0291245 to Gao et al.; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0139164 to Mua et al.; PCT WO 04/095959 by et al; and WO 2010/132444 by Atchley, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary smokeless tobacco products that have been marketed include those known by the following names: CAMEL Snus, CAMEL Orbs, CAMELStrips, and CAMEL Sticks of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company; GRIZZLY Moist Tobacco, KODIAK Moist Tobacco of American Snuff Company, LLC; , LEVI GARRETT loose tobacco and TAYLOR'SPRIDE loose tobacco; KAYAK moist snuff and CHATTANOOGA CHEW chewing tobacco from Swisher International, Inc.; REDMAN chewing tobacco from Pinkerton Tobacco Co.LP; COPENHAGEN moist tobacco, COPENHAGEN Pouches, SKOAL from U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company Bandits, SKOAL Pouches, RED SEAL Long Strips, and REVEL Mint Tobacco Packs; and MARLBORO Snus and Taboka from Philip Morris USA.
希望提供一种令人愉悦形式的烟草产品诸如无烟烟草产物，以及提供制备适用于无烟烟草产品中的含烟草组合物的方法。It would be desirable to provide a pleasurable form of tobacco products, such as smokeless tobacco products, and to provide methods of preparing tobacco-containing compositions suitable for use in smokeless tobacco products.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明涉及烟草产品，最优选旨在或构造成用于插入使用者口中的无烟烟草产品，并涉及用于制备适合用在这种无烟烟草产品中的制剂的方法。本发明涉及烟草产品，尤其是无烟烟草产品，其掺入来自烟草(Nicotiana)种的材料(例如，源自烟草的材料)和泡腾材料。所述泡腾材料给无烟烟草产品添加独特的器官感觉特性，并且辅助所述烟草产品在口腔中的崩解。使用气化糖材料来实现泡腾效应，并且本发明还提供了多种用于将气化糖材料掺入烟草产品中的方法。The present invention relates to tobacco products, most preferably smokeless tobacco products intended or configured for insertion into the mouth of a user, and to methods for preparing formulations suitable for use in such smokeless tobacco products. The present invention relates to tobacco products, particularly smokeless tobacco products, incorporating materials from the Nicotiana species (eg, materials derived from tobacco) and effervescent materials. The effervescent material adds unique organoleptic properties to the smokeless tobacco product and aids in the disintegration of the tobacco product in the oral cavity. The effervescent effect is achieved using gasified sugar materials, and the present invention also provides methods for incorporating gasified sugar materials into tobacco products.
在一个方面，本发明提供了一种适合于引入口腔中的无烟烟草组合物，其包含烟草材料(例如，微粒烟草材料或烟草水提取物或二者)和能够在口腔中造成泡腾的泡腾材料，所述泡腾材料包含含有被捕集的气态组分的糖材料，使得在所述糖材料在口腔中溶解以后，发生所述被捕集的气态组分的释放。所述糖材料通常是糖替代物，诸如糖醇，且示例性的糖醇包括赤藓糖醇、苏糖醇(threitol)、阿糖醇、木糖醇、核糖醇(ribotol)、甘露醇、山梨醇、卫矛醇、艾杜糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、麦芽糖醇、拉克替醇、聚葡萄糖醇和它们的混合物。赤藓糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇和它们的混合物是特别有利的糖醇。所述无烟烟草组合物可以包括多种其它组分，诸如盐、调味剂、甜味剂、填充剂、粘合剂、缓冲剂、着色剂、湿润剂、口腔护理添加剂、防腐剂、糖浆剂、崩解助剂、抗氧化剂、源自草药或植物源的添加剂、流动助剂、压缩助剂、脂质和它们的组合。In one aspect, the present invention provides a smokeless tobacco composition suitable for introduction into the oral cavity comprising tobacco material (e.g., particulate tobacco material or aqueous tobacco extract or both) and an effervescent substance capable of causing effervescence in the oral cavity. An effervescent material comprising a sugar material containing trapped gaseous components such that release of the trapped gaseous components occurs upon dissolution of the sugar material in the oral cavity. The sugar material is typically a sugar substitute, such as a sugar alcohol, and exemplary sugar alcohols include erythritol, threitol, arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, Sorbitol, dulcitol, iditol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, polyglycitol and mixtures thereof. Erythritol, isomalt and mixtures thereof are particularly advantageous sugar alcohols. The smokeless tobacco composition may include various other components such as salts, flavoring agents, sweeteners, fillers, binders, buffers, colorants, humectants, oral care additives, preservatives, syrups , disintegration aids, antioxidants, additives derived from herbal or botanical sources, flow aids, compression aids, lipids, and combinations thereof.
在某些实施方案中，本发明的产品中的烟草材料是呈烟草提取物(诸如烟草水提取物)的形式，呈固体形式。固体烟草提取物(诸如以冷冻干燥的或喷雾干燥的形式)的应用，可以用于避免向本发明的产品中引入足够的水分而过早地触发泡腾反应。In certain embodiments, the tobacco material in the products of the invention is in the form of a tobacco extract, such as an aqueous tobacco extract, in solid form. The use of solid tobacco extract, such as in freeze-dried or spray-dried form, can be used to avoid introducing enough moisture into the product of the invention to prematurely trigger the effervescent response.
可以以多种形式制备所述无烟烟草组合物，包括微粒、压制的或挤出的形式。在某些实施方案中，将所述无烟烟草组合物形成为预定的形状或形式，诸如微粒、丸粒、杆或膜。所述无烟烟草组合物还可以包括外包衣，诸如设计成防止泡腾材料的过早水分暴露的包衣。The smokeless tobacco composition can be prepared in a variety of forms, including particulate, compressed or extruded forms. In certain embodiments, the smokeless tobacco composition is formed into a predetermined shape or form, such as particles, pellets, rods, or films. The smokeless tobacco composition may also include an outer coating, such as a coating designed to prevent premature moisture exposure of the effervescent material.
在一个实施方案中，基于所述无烟烟草组合物的总干重，所述气化糖材料以约20干重％至约60干重％的量存在，且所述烟草材料以约3干重％至约60干重％的任意量存在。所述组合物可以包括其它成分，诸如至少约3干重％的至少一种填充剂(例如，微晶纤维素、甘露醇、麦芽糊精和它们的组合)或至少约2干重％的至少一种粘合剂(例如，聚维酮、浓缩的烟草提取物、麦芽糖醇糖浆或它们的组合)。In one embodiment, the gasified sugar material is present in an amount of about 20 dry weight percent to about 60 dry weight percent based on the total dry weight of the smokeless tobacco composition, and the tobacco material is present in an amount of about 3 dry weight percent. Any amount from weight percent to about 60 dry weight percent is present. The composition may include other ingredients, such as at least about 3% by dry weight of at least one filler (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, maltodextrin, and combinations thereof) or at least about 2% by dry weight of at least A binder (eg, povidone, concentrated tobacco extract, maltitol syrup, or combinations thereof).
在包括糖醇的实施方案中，基于所述无烟烟草组合物的总干重，所述烟草材料通常以至少约5干重％的任意量存在，且所述糖醇通常以至少约50干重％的量存在。所述糖醇任选地与至少约5干重％的糖醇糖浆(例如，麦芽糖醇糖浆)组合。在某些实施方案中，基于所述无烟烟草组合物的总重量，所述组合物进一步包括脂质组分，诸如至少约5干重％的脂质。In embodiments comprising a sugar alcohol, the tobacco material is typically present in any amount of at least about 5 dry weight percent based on the total dry weight of the smokeless tobacco composition, and the sugar alcohol is typically present in an amount of at least about 50 dry weight percent. % by weight is present. The sugar alcohol is optionally combined with at least about 5% by dry weight of a sugar alcohol syrup (eg, maltitol syrup). In certain embodiments, the composition further comprises a lipid component, such as at least about 5 dry weight percent lipid, based on the total weight of the smokeless tobacco composition.
为了增进或增强气化糖材料的泡腾效应，可以将碱或酸组分(或它们的组合)加入到本发明的无烟烟草组合物中。示例性的组合物可以包括至少约1干重％的至少一种酸和至少约1干重％的至少一种碱。示例性的酸包括三元酸，诸如柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸和乳酸，且示例性的碱包括碳酸盐材料、碳酸氢盐材料和它们的混合物。To enhance or enhance the effervescent effect of gasified sugar materials, base or acid components (or combinations thereof) may be added to the smokeless tobacco compositions of the present invention. Exemplary compositions can include at least about 1 dry weight percent of at least one acid and at least about 1 dry weight percent of at least one base. Exemplary acids include tribasic acids, such as citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and lactic acid, and exemplary bases include carbonate materials, bicarbonate materials, and mixtures thereof.
所述气化糖材料可以以微粒形式使用，诸如通过将气化的糖颗粒与烟草材料(例如，造粒的烟草组合物)混合。可替换地，可以如在下文中所述原位形成所述气化糖材料。The gasified sugar material may be used in particulate form, such as by mixing gasified sugar particles with tobacco material (eg, a pelleted tobacco composition). Alternatively, the gasified sugar material may be formed in situ as described hereinafter.
在另一个方面，本发明提供了一种制备适合于引入口腔中的无烟烟草组合物的方法，所述方法包括：(i)将烟草材料与能够在口腔中造成泡腾的泡腾材料混合，所述泡腾材料包含含有被捕集的气态组分的糖材料，使得在所述糖材料在口腔中溶解以后，发生所述被捕集的气态组分的释放，其中所述混合步骤包括：(a)将包含烟草材料的颗粒状组合物与微粒形式的气化糖材料混合；或(b)通过将水源与包含烟草材料和糖醇的熔化组合物混合而原位形成气化糖材料；和(ii)将在步骤(i)中形成的混合物掺入无烟烟草产品中。In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a smokeless tobacco composition suitable for introduction into the oral cavity, the method comprising: (i) mixing tobacco material with an effervescent material capable of causing effervescence in the oral cavity , the effervescent material comprises a sugar material containing trapped gaseous components such that after dissolution of the sugar material in the oral cavity, release of the trapped gaseous components occurs, wherein the mixing step comprises (a) mixing a particulate composition comprising tobacco material with gasified sugar material in particulate form; or (b) forming gasified sugar material in situ by mixing a source of water with a molten composition comprising tobacco material and sugar alcohol and (ii) incorporating the mixture formed in step (i) into a smokeless tobacco product.
所述颗粒状组合物可以变化，但是通常包括烟草材料、至少一种填充剂、至少一种糖醇和至少一种粘合剂。所述颗粒状组合物还可以包括酸、碱或它们的组合。在原位形成气化糖材料的情况下，所述熔化组合物通常包括糖醇糖浆、保湿剂和脂质中的一种或多种。所述水源通常是在室温或以下(例如，约0℃至约25℃)。所述水源可以是冰或不超过约15℃的冷冻水。所述熔化组合物或所述水源(或二者)可以包括酸、碱或它们的组合。在一个实施方案中，所述熔化组合物包含酸，且所述水源包含碱。The particulate composition can vary, but generally includes tobacco material, at least one filler, at least one sugar alcohol, and at least one binder. The granular composition may also include an acid, a base, or a combination thereof. In the case of gasified sugar material formed in situ, the molten composition typically includes one or more of a sugar alcohol syrup, a humectant, and a lipid. The water source is typically at or below room temperature (eg, from about 0°C to about 25°C). The water source may be ice or chilled water not exceeding about 15°C. The melt composition or the water source (or both) may include an acid, a base, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the melt composition comprises an acid and the water source comprises a base.
将气化糖材料和烟草材料的混合物掺入无烟烟草产品中的方式可以变化。通常对所述混合物进行另外的加工，诸如过滤、冷却、干燥、丸粒化、碾磨或研磨、挤出等中的一种或多种。在一个实施方案中，将所述无烟烟草组合物压缩或挤出成预定的形状。在另一个实施方案中，所述混合物是呈微粒形式，并将所述颗粒装载进一个或多个药袋中。The manner in which the mixture of vaporized sugar material and tobacco material is incorporated into the smokeless tobacco product can vary. The mixture is typically subjected to additional processing, such as one or more of filtering, cooling, drying, pelletizing, milling or milling, extrusion, and the like. In one embodiment, the smokeless tobacco composition is compressed or extruded into a predetermined shape. In another embodiment, the mixture is in particulate form, and the particles are loaded into one or more sachets.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了提供对本发明的实施方案的理解，参考了附图，所述附图不一定按比例绘制，且其中附图标记表示本发明的描述的示例性实施方案的组分。附图仅仅是示例性的，不应解释为限制本发明。In order to provide an understanding of embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale and in which reference numerals indicate components of the described exemplary embodiments of the invention. The drawings are exemplary only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
图1是无烟烟草产品实施方案的横截面视图，其沿着产品的宽度做出，显示了装有烟草材料和分散在其中的气化糖材料的外部小袋。Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a smokeless tobacco product, taken along the width of the product, showing an outer pouch containing tobacco material and gasified sugar material dispersed therein.
具体实施方式detailed description
现在将在下文中更充分地描述本发明。但是，本发明可具体化为许多不同的形式，并且不应当解释为限于本文提出的实施方案；相反，提供这些实施方案以使本公开内容更完全和完整，并向本领域技术人员充分传达本发明的范围。如在本说明书和权利要求中所使用的，单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“所述”包括复数指代物，除非上下文另外清楚地指明。提及的“干重％”或“基于干重”指基于干燥成分(即，除了水之外的所有成分)的重量。The invention will now be described more fully hereinafter. However, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the invention to those skilled in the art. the scope of the invention. As used in this specification and claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. References to "% by dry weight" or "on a dry weight basis" refer to weight based on dry ingredients (ie, all ingredients except water).
本发明提供了一种适合插入口腔中的无烟烟草产品，其包括烟草材料和泡腾材料。所述泡腾材料是这样的气化糖材料：其能够在所述糖材料溶解以后通过被捕集的气态组分的释放而在口腔中造成泡腾。所述被捕集的气体通常是二氧化碳，尽管可以使用其它气态组分，诸如氮、氧和水蒸气。还可以使用不同气体的混合物。泡腾材料的存在会辅助无烟烟草产品在口腔中的崩解，并且给产品添加独特的器官感觉特性，特别是以味道和口感的方式。泡腾材料的应用描述在，例如，Niazi等人的美国专利号4,639,368；Wehling等人的美国专利号5,178,878；Wehling等人的美国专利号5,223,264；Pather等人的美国专利号6,974,590；和Bergquist等人的美国专利号7,381,667，以及Strickland等人的美国专利公开号2006/0191548；Crawford等人的美国专利公开号2009/0025741；Brinkley等人的美国专利公开号2010/0018539；和Sun等人的美国专利公开号2010/0170522；和Johnson等人的PCT WO 97/06786，它们都通过引用并入本文。The present invention provides a smokeless tobacco product suitable for insertion into the oral cavity, comprising tobacco material and effervescent material. The effervescent material is a gasified sugar material capable of causing effervescence in the oral cavity by release of trapped gaseous components after dissolution of the sugar material. The trapped gas is typically carbon dioxide, although other gaseous components such as nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor may be used. Mixtures of different gases can also be used. The presence of the effervescent material assists the disintegration of the smokeless tobacco product in the oral cavity and adds unique organoleptic properties to the product, especially in terms of taste and mouthfeel. The use of effervescent materials is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,639,368 to Niazi et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,178,878 to Wehling et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,223,264 to Wehling et al.; U.S. Patent No. 6,974,590 to Pather et al.; U.S. Patent No. 7,381,667, and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0191548 by Strickland et al.; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0025741 by Crawford et al.; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0018539 by Brinkley et al.; and U.S. Patent Publication No. by Sun et al. Publication No. 2010/0170522; and PCT WO 97/06786 by Johnson et al., both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
本文中使用的“气化糖材料”表示含有被捕集的气态组分的糖材料，其能够在所述糖材料在口腔中溶解以后释放。所述气化糖材料通常以固体形式(例如，颗粒或微粒形式)提供。所述气化糖材料的平均粒度可以变化，但是通常是约50至约800微米，更经常约100至约600微米，最经常约125至约500微米。有利地将所述气化糖材料维持在非常干燥的状态，以避免在操作或贮存过程中过早泡腾。例如，所述气化糖材料通常包含小于约5重量％的水、小于约3重量％的水、小于约2重量％的水、或小于约1重量％的水。As used herein, "gasified sugar material" means a sugar material that contains trapped gaseous components that are capable of being released after said sugar material dissolves in the oral cavity. The gasified sugar material is typically provided in solid form (eg, granular or particulate form). The average particle size of the gasified sugar material can vary, but is typically about 50 to about 800 microns, more often about 100 to about 600 microns, most often about 125 to about 500 microns. The gasified sugar material is advantageously maintained in a very dry state to avoid premature effervescence during handling or storage. For example, the gasified sugar material typically comprises less than about 5% by weight water, less than about 3% by weight water, less than about 2% by weight water, or less than about 1% by weight water.
商购可得的气化糖材料的例子在商标名称Carbonated CrystalsTM下由Raven Manufacturing,LLC of Neenah,WI销售。用于形成气化糖材料的示例性方法阐述在Kleiner等人的美国专利号4,289,794、Gallart等人的美国专利号5,165,951和Ahn等人的美国专利号5,439,698，它们都通过引用并入本文。典型的制备方法包括：当糖处于熔化形式时，在压力(例如，50-650psig)下将气态组分(例如，二氧化碳)引入糖材料中。Examples of commercially available gasified sugar materials are sold under the trade name Carbonated Crystals™ by Raven Manufacturing, LLC of Neenah, WI. Exemplary methods for forming gasified sugar materials are set forth in US Patent No. 4,289,794 to Kleiner et al., US Patent No. 5,165,951 to Gallart et al., and US Patent No. 5,439,698 to Ahn et al., all of which are incorporated herein by reference. A typical method of preparation involves introducing a gaseous component (eg, carbon dioxide) into the sugar material under pressure (eg, 50-650 psig) while the sugar is in molten form.
本发明的无烟烟草组合物中的气化糖材料的量可以变化，且部分地取决于产品的期望的器官感觉特性。通常，基于所述无烟烟草组合物的总重量，气化糖材料的量(包括糖材料和被捕集的气体的总重量)是在约10干重％至约90干重％的范围内，经常约20干重％至约60干重％，最经常约30干重％至约50干重％。The amount of gasified sugar material in the smokeless tobacco compositions of the present invention can vary and depends in part on the desired organoleptic properties of the product. Typically, the amount of gasified sugar material (comprising the total weight of sugar material and trapped gas) is in the range of about 10 dry weight percent to about 90 dry weight percent, based on the total weight of the smokeless tobacco composition , often from about 20% to about 60% by dry weight, most often from about 30% to about 50% by dry weight.
所述气化糖材料的糖组分可以是多种单糖(例如，葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖)、二糖(例如，蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖)、三糖或寡糖中的任一种。尽管蔗糖或其它有营养的甜味剂可以用作本发明的糖材料，也可以将本发明的无烟烟草产品制备为无糖产品，这意味着，可以将所述气化糖材料表征为糖替代物。本文中使用的“无糖”意图包括具有小于约1/15的糖(按重量计)或小于约1/10的糖(按重量计)的产品。The sugar component of the gasified sugar material may be any of a variety of monosaccharides (eg, glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (eg, sucrose, lactose, maltose), trisaccharides, or oligosaccharides. Although sucrose or other nutritive sweeteners can be used as the sugar material of the invention, the smokeless tobacco product of the invention can also be prepared as a sugar-free product, which means that the gasified sugar material can be characterized as sugar substitution. As used herein, "sugar-free" is intended to include products that have less than about 1/15 sugar (by weight) or less than about 1/10 sugar (by weight).
所述糖替代物可以是任意无糖材料(即，无蔗糖材料)，且可以是天然的或合成地生产的。在本发明中使用的糖替代物可以是有营养的或没有营养的。例如，所述糖替代物通常是糖醇。根据本发明可能有用的糖醇包括、但不限于：赤藓糖醇、苏糖醇、阿糖醇、木糖醇、核糖醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、卫矛醇、艾杜糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、麦芽糖醇、拉克替醇、聚葡萄糖醇和它们的混合物。例如，在某些实施方案中，所述糖醇选自：赤藓糖醇、山梨醇、异麦芽酮糖醇和它们的混合物。The sugar substitute may be any sugar-free material (ie, sucrose-free material), and may be naturally or synthetically produced. Sugar substitutes used in the present invention may be nutritive or non-nutritive. For example, the sugar substitutes are typically sugar alcohols. Sugar alcohols that may be useful according to the present invention include, but are not limited to: erythritol, threitol, arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, iditol, iso Maltulitol, maltitol, lactitol, polyglycitol and mixtures thereof. For example, in certain embodiments, the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of erythritol, sorbitol, isomalt, and mixtures thereof.
在某些实施方案中，所述糖替代物能够形成玻璃状基质。玻璃状基质的形成通常通过半透明的/透明的外观来表征。通常，所述糖替代物是基本上不吸湿的。不吸湿的材料通常不会从空气中吸收、吸附和/或保留大量水分。例如，在某些实施方案中，所述糖替代物在暴露于25℃、80％相对湿度的条件2周以后表现出小于约50％的水重量增加。通常，所述糖替代物在暴露于25℃、80％相对湿度的条件2周以后表现出小于约30％、小于约20％、小于约10％、小于约5％、小于约2％或小于约1％的重量增加。不吸湿的材料可以提供以下益处：减小无烟烟草产品在暴露于水分以后变粘的趋势。In certain embodiments, the sugar substitute is capable of forming a glassy matrix. The formation of a glassy matrix is usually characterized by a translucent/transparent appearance. Typically, the sugar substitutes are substantially non-hygroscopic. Non-hygroscopic materials generally do not absorb, absorb and/or retain significant amounts of moisture from the air. For example, in certain embodiments, the sugar substitute exhibits a water weight gain of less than about 50% after exposure to conditions of 25°C, 80% relative humidity for 2 weeks. Typically, the sugar substitute exhibits less than about 30%, less than about 20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 2%, or less than About 1% weight gain. Non-hygroscopic materials can provide the benefit of reducing the tendency of smokeless tobacco products to become sticky after exposure to moisture.
在某些实施方案中，所述糖替代物包含一种或多种糖醇。例如，在一个实施方案中，所述糖替代物是异麦芽酮糖醇。异麦芽酮糖醇是一种二糖，其通常如下制备：使蔗糖酶促重排成异麦芽酮糖，随后氢化，以产生6-O-α-D-吡喃型葡萄糖苷-D-山梨醇(1,6-GPS)和1-O-α-D-吡喃型葡萄糖苷-D-甘露醇-二水合物(1,1-GPM-二水合物)的等摩尔组合物。In certain embodiments, the sugar substitute comprises one or more sugar alcohols. For example, in one embodiment, the sugar substitute is isomalt. Isomalt is a disaccharide that is usually prepared by enzymatic rearrangement of sucrose to isomaltulose followed by hydrogenation to yield 6-O-α-D-glucopyranoside-D-sorbitol Equimolar composition of alcohol (1,6-GPS) and 1-O-α-D-glucopyranoside-D-mannitol-dihydrate (1,1-GPM-dihydrate).
无烟烟草产品混合物中的糖替代物(例如，糖醇)的量可以变化，但是通常是无烟烟草组合物干重的至少约20％、或至少约30％、或至少约40％、或至少约50％。糖替代物的量通常不超过无烟烟草组合物干重的约90％，或不超过约80％，或不超过约70％。The amount of sugar substitute (e.g., sugar alcohol) in the smokeless tobacco product mixture can vary, but is generally at least about 20%, or at least about 30%, or at least about 40%, or At least about 50%. The amount of sugar substitute is generally no more than about 90%, or no more than about 80%, or no more than about 70% by dry weight of the smokeless tobacco composition.
本发明的无烟烟草产品还可以含有糖浆组分，诸如糖糖浆或糖醇糖浆。本文中使用的“糖醇糖浆”意图表示糖醇在水中的稠溶液，例如，具有大于约40％固体，优选地具有大于约50％固体、大于约60％固体、大于约70％固体或大于约80％固体。通常，糖醇糖浆的固体内容物主要包含提及的糖醇(即，按重量计，基于干重，麦芽糖醇糖浆通常包含大于约80％、大于约85％或大于约90％的麦芽糖醇)。通常如下制备糖醇糖浆：将糖醇在水中的溶液加热，并将混合物冷却，以得到粘稠的组合物。得到的糖浆通常特征在于相对较高的糖醇浓度和相对较高的稳定性(即，所述糖醇通常不会从溶液中结晶，例如，在室温)。The smokeless tobacco products of the present invention may also contain a syrup component, such as sugar syrup or sugar alcohol syrup. As used herein, "sugar alcohol syrup" is intended to mean a thick solution of sugar alcohol in water, for example, having greater than about 40% solids, preferably greater than about 50% solids, greater than about 60% solids, greater than about 70% solids, or greater than About 80% solids. Typically, the solid content of the sugar alcohol syrup comprises primarily the mentioned sugar alcohol (i.e., maltitol syrup typically comprises greater than about 80%, greater than about 85%, or greater than about 90% maltitol by weight on a dry weight basis) . Sugar alcohol syrups are generally prepared by heating a solution of sugar alcohols in water and cooling the mixture to obtain a viscous composition. The resulting syrups are generally characterized by relatively high sugar alcohol concentrations and relatively high stability (ie, the sugar alcohols generally do not crystallize from solution, eg, at room temperature).
所述糖浆(例如，糖醇糖浆)理想地能够影响熔化的糖替代物的重结晶。根据本发明特别有用的一种示例性糖醇糖浆是麦芽糖醇糖浆。可以使用其它糖醇糖浆，包括、但不限于，玉米糖浆、金黄糖浆、糖蜜、木糖醇、甘露醇、甘油、赤藓糖醇、苏糖醇、阿糖醇、核糖醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、卫矛醇、艾杜糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、拉克替醇和聚葡萄糖醇糖浆。这样的糖醇糖浆可以制备或可以从商业来源得到。例如，麦芽糖醇糖浆可商购得自诸如Corn Products Specialty Ingredients等供应商。尽管糖醇糖浆可能是优选的，在某些实施方案中，糖糖浆可以用于替代糖醇糖浆或者与糖醇糖浆组合使用。例如，在某些实施方案中，可以使用玉米糖浆、金黄糖浆和/或糖蜜。The syrup (eg, sugar alcohol syrup) is ideally capable of effecting recrystallization of the molten sugar substitute. One exemplary sugar alcohol syrup that is particularly useful according to the invention is maltitol syrup. Other sugar alcohol syrups may be used including, but not limited to, corn syrup, golden syrup, molasses, xylitol, mannitol, glycerin, erythritol, threitol, arabitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol Alcohol, Dulcitol, Iditol, Isomalt, Lactitol and Polyglucitol Syrup. Such sugar alcohol syrups may be prepared or may be obtained from commercial sources. For example, maltitol syrup is commercially available from suppliers such as Corn Products Specialty Ingredients. Although sugar alcohol syrup may be preferred, in certain embodiments, sugar alcohol syrup may be used in place of or in combination with sugar alcohol syrup. For example, in certain embodiments, corn syrup, golden syrup, and/or molasses may be used.
加入到所述无烟烟草产品混合物中的糖醇糖浆的量通常是减慢熔化形式的糖替代物的重结晶所需的量。本领域技术人员会理解以下需要：根据剩余成分的组成来改变糖醇糖浆的量，以确保重结晶足够慢，从而提供具有期望的特征(例如，期望的半透明/透明性水平)的材料。因此，糖醇糖浆的量可以变化，但是范围通常为无烟烟草产品混合物干重的约0.1％至约15％，经常为约0.5％至约10％，且更经常为约1％至约7.5％。在某些实施方案中，糖醇糖浆的量更高，例如，多达所述混合物的约2重量％，多达所述混合物的约5重量％，多达所述混合物的约10重量％，或多达所述混合物的约20重量％。在某些实施方案中，糖醇糖浆的量是至少约2.5重量％或至少约5重量％。The amount of sugar alcohol syrup added to the smokeless tobacco product mixture is generally that amount required to slow down recrystallization of the sugar substitute in molten form. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the need to vary the amount of sugar alcohol syrup depending on the composition of the remaining ingredients to ensure that recrystallization is slow enough to provide a material with the desired characteristics (eg, desired level of translucency/transparency). Accordingly, the amount of sugar alcohol syrup can vary, but typically ranges from about 0.1% to about 15%, often from about 0.5% to about 10%, and more often from about 1% to about 7.5% by dry weight of the smokeless tobacco product mixture. %. In certain embodiments, the amount of sugar alcohol syrup is higher, for example, up to about 2% by weight of the mixture, up to about 5% by weight of the mixture, up to about 10% by weight of the mixture, Or up to about 20% by weight of the mixture. In certain embodiments, the amount of sugar alcohol syrup is at least about 2.5% by weight or at least about 5% by weight.
在某些实施方案中，本发明的无烟烟草组合物可以包括也促进产品的泡腾效应的酸/碱对。参见，例如，在2010年9月7日提交的Hunt等人的美国申请号12/876,785(其通过引用并入本文)中描述的泡腾组合物中的酸和碱的应用。例如，所述泡腾材料的酸组分可以选自具有约2个至约12个碳原子的羧酸或其盐(例如，C2-C10或C2-C8或C2-C6羧酸)，其中所述羧酸是一元酸或多元酸(例如，二羧酸或三羧酸)。示例性的有机酸包括：柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、富马酸和它们的组合。示例性的酸盐包括：钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、磷酸二氢盐和焦磷酸二氢二钠盐。本发明的组合物中的酸的量可以变化，但是通常是至少约1干重％或至少约2干重％。In certain embodiments, the smokeless tobacco compositions of the present invention may include an acid/base pair that also promotes the effervescent effect of the product. See, eg, the use of acids and bases in effervescent compositions described in US Application No. 12/876,785 to Hunt et al., filed September 7, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference. For example, the acid component of the effervescent material can be selected from carboxylic acids or salts thereof (e.g., C2-C10 or C2-C8 or C2-C6 carboxylic acids) having about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, wherein the The carboxylic acid is a monobasic acid or a polybasic acid (eg, dicarboxylic acid or tricarboxylic acid). Exemplary organic acids include: citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, and combinations thereof. Exemplary acid salts include: sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, dihydrogen phosphate and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate. The amount of acid in the compositions of the present invention can vary, but is generally at least about 1 dry weight percent or at least about 2 dry weight percent.
在一个实施方案中，使用酸的组合，其中至少一种酸是多元酸，诸如二羧酸(酒石酸)或三羧酸(例如，柠檬酸)。二羧酸和三羧酸的组合也适合用于本发明中，诸如酒石酸和柠檬酸的组合。柠檬酸是特别有用的酸组分，因为它还给总无烟烟草组合物赋予某种粘着性或粘合效应。In one embodiment, a combination of acids is used, wherein at least one acid is a polyacid, such as a dicarboxylic acid (tartaric acid) or a tricarboxylic acid (eg, citric acid). Combinations of dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids are also suitable for use in the present invention, such as a combination of tartaric and citric acids. Citric acid is a particularly useful acid component because it also imparts a certain tackiness or binding effect to the overall smokeless tobacco composition.
酸/碱对的示例性碱包括碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐材料，特别是其碱金属或碱土金属盐。能够用于本发明中的碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐碱材料包括：碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸镁、碳酸钙、二碳酸三钠、甘氨酸钠碳酸盐、赖氨酸碳酸盐、精氨酸碳酸盐和它们的混合物。本发明的组合物中的碱的量可以变化，但是通常是至少约1干重％或至少约2干重％。Exemplary bases for acid/base pairs include carbonate and bicarbonate materials, particularly alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts thereof. Carbonate and bicarbonate alkali materials that can be used in the present invention include: sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, trisodium dicarbonate, sodium glycinate carbonate, lysine Acine carbonate, arginine carbonate and mixtures thereof. The amount of base in the compositions of the present invention can vary, but is generally at least about 1 dry weight percent or at least about 2 dry weight percent.
所述产品中的总酸/碱对泡腾材料的量可以变化。这样的材料的量应当足以促进产品在置于空腔中时的泡腾。基于所述无烟烟草组合物的总重量，酸/碱泡腾材料(组合)的量通常是约2.0至约20干重％，经常是约2.5至约15干重％，最经常是约5至约10干重％。The amount of total acid/base versus effervescent material in the product can vary. The amount of such material should be sufficient to promote effervescence of the product when placed in the cavity. Based on the total weight of the smokeless tobacco composition, the amount of acid/base effervescent material (combined) is usually about 2.0 to about 20 dry weight percent, often about 2.5 to about 15 dry weight percent, most often about 5 to about 10% by dry weight.
在某些实施方案中，希望使酸和碱组分之间的反应完全进行。为了确保该结果，可以调节有关的酸和碱的量，使得存在必要的当量的量。例如，如果使用二元酸，那么可以使用大致等量的二元碱，或者可以使用所述酸的大致2倍水平的一元碱。可替换地，可以使用过量的酸或碱，特别是在所述酸或碱意图提供对所述无烟烟草组合物的器官感觉特性的独立效应(超过简单地提供泡腾)的情况下。In certain embodiments, it is desirable to allow the reaction between the acid and base components to proceed completely. To ensure this result, the relevant acid and base amounts can be adjusted such that the necessary equivalent amounts are present. For example, if a dibasic acid is used, then approximately the same amount of the dibasic base can be used, or approximately twice the level of the acid, the monobasic base can be used. Alternatively, excess acid or base may be used, particularly where the acid or base is intended to provide an independent effect on the organoleptic properties of the smokeless tobacco composition beyond simply providing effervescence.
碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐组分的组合可以是合乎需要的，因为碳酸氢盐材料尽管在泡腾反应中是高度反应性的，但是在优选的产品pH范围中不是有效的pH调节剂。因而，在使用碳酸氢盐和碳酸盐材料的某些实施方案中，有利的是，使泡腾材料的碳酸氢盐量与酸组分量化学计算地匹配，并使用碳酸盐材料来升高pH。以此方式，尽管预期碳酸盐材料会在有限程度上参与泡腾反应，碳酸氢盐材料以足以与可利用的酸组分完全反应的量存在，并且碳酸盐材料以足以提供期望的pH范围的量存在。A combination of carbonate and bicarbonate components may be desirable because bicarbonate materials, while highly reactive in effervescent reactions, are not effective pH adjusters in the preferred product pH range. Thus, in certain embodiments using bicarbonate and carbonate materials, it is advantageous to stoichiometrically match the bicarbonate amount of the effervescent material to the acid component amount and use the carbonate material to elevate pH. In this manner, the bicarbonate material is present in an amount sufficient to completely react with the available acid components, and the carbonate material is present in an amount sufficient to provide the desired pH, although it is expected that the carbonate material will participate in the effervescent reaction to a limited extent. A range of quantities exists.
本发明的产品包含某种形式的烟草种(Nicotiana species)植物，并最优选地，那些组合物或产品包含某种形式的烟草。可改变烟草种的选择；具体地，可改变一种或多种烟草的类型的选择。可以使用的烟草包括烟道烘烤的烟草或弗吉尼亚(例如，K326)、白肋烟草、晒干的烟草(例如，印度Kurnool和Oriental烟草，包括Katerini、Prelip、Komotini、Xanthi和Yambol烟草)、马里兰烟草、深色烟草、深色明火烟草、深色风干烟草(例如，Passanda、Cubano、Jatin和Bezuki烟草)、轻风风干的烟草(例如，North Wisconsin和Galpao烟草)、印度风干的烟草、Red Russian烟草和Rustica烟草以及各种其它罕见的或专用的烟草和任意前述烟草的不同掺合物。在Tobacco Production,Chemistry and Technology,Davis等人(编)(1999)(其通过引用并入本文)中，阐述了不同类型的烟草、栽培实践和收获实践的描述。来自烟草种的各种代表性的其它植物类型参见：Goodspeed,The Genus Nicotiana,(Chonica Botanica)(1954)；Sensabaugh,Jr.等人的美国专利号4,660,577；White等人的美国专利号5,387,416，和Lawson等人的美国专利号7,025,066；Lawrence,Jr.的美国专利申请公开号2006/0037623，和Marshall等人的美国专利申请公开号2008/0245377；它们每篇通过引用并入本文。示例性的烟草种包括：红花烟草(N.tabacum)、黄花烟草(N.rustica)、花烟草(N.alata)、N.arentsii、N.excelsior、福尔吉特氏烟草(N.forgetiana)、粉蓝烟草(N.glauca)、粘烟草(N.glutinosa)、哥西氏烟草(N.gossei)、卡瓦卡米氏烟草(N.kawakamii)、奈特氏烟草(N.knightiana)、朗氏烟草(N.langsdorffi)、耳状烟草(N.otophora)、赛特氏烟草(N.setchelli)、林烟草(N.sylvestris)、绒毛烟草(N.tomentosa)、绒毛状烟草(N.tomentosiformis)、波叶烟草(N.undulata)、花烟草(N.x sanderae)、非洲烟草(N.africana、)、抱茎烟草(N.amplexicaulis)、贝纳末特氏烟草(N.benavidesii)、博内里烟草(N.bonariensis)、迪勃纳氏烟草(N.debneyi)、长苞烟草(N.longiflora)、海滨烟草(N.maritina)、特大管烟草(N.megalosiphon)、西方烟草(N.occidentalis)、圆锥烟草(N.paniculata)、蓝茉莉叶烟草(N.plumbaginifolia)、雷蒙德氏烟草(N.raimondii)、莲坐叶烟草(N.rosulata)、拟似烟草(N.simulans)、斯托克同氏烟草(N.stocktonii)、香甜烟草(N.suaveolens)、荫生烟草(N.umbratica)、颤毛烟草(N.velutina)、芹叶烟草(N.wigandioides)、无茎烟草(N.acaulis)、渐尖叶烟草(N.acuminata)、渐狭叶烟草(N.attenuata)、本赛姆氏烟草(N.benthamiana)、洞生烟草(N.cavicola)、克里夫兰氏烟草(N.clevelandii)、心叶烟草(N.cordifolia)、伞床烟草(N.corymbosa)、香烟草(N.fragrans)、古特斯比氏烟草(N.goodspeedii)、狭叶烟草(N.linearis)、摩西氏烟草(N.miersii)、裸茎烟草(N.nudicaulis)、欧布特斯烟草(N.obtusifolia)、蓟马烟Hersperis亚种(N.occidentalis subsp.Hersperis)、少花烟草(N.pauciflora)、矮牵牛状烟草(N.petunioides)、夸德瑞伍氏烟草(N.quadrivalvis)、残波烟草(N.repanda)、圆叶烟草(N.rotundifolia)、茄子烟草(N.solanifolia)和斯佩格茨烟草(N.spegazzinii)。The products of the invention comprise some form of a plant of the Nicotiana species, and most preferably those compositions or products comprise some form of tobacco. The selection of tobacco species can be varied; specifically, the selection of one or more types of tobacco can be varied. Tobacco that may be used includes flue-cured or Virginia (e.g., K326), Burley, sun-dried tobacco (e.g., Indian Kurnool and Oriental tobaccos, including Katerini, Prelip, Komotini, Xanthi, and Yambol tobaccos), Maryland Tobacco, Dark Tobacco, Dark Flame Tobacco, Dark Air-Dried Tobacco (e.g., Passanda, Cubano, Jatin, and Bezuki Tobacco), Light Air-Dried Tobacco (e.g., North Wisconsin and Galpao Tobacco), Indian Air-Dried Tobacco, Red Russian Tobacco and Rustica tobacco and various other exotic or specialty tobaccos and various blends of any of the foregoing tobaccos. A description of the different types of tobacco, cultivation practices, and harvesting practices is set forth in Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (eds.) (1999), which is incorporated herein by reference. For various representative other plant types from the Nicotiana species see: Goodspeed, The Genus Nicotiana, (Chonica Botanica) (1954); U.S. Patent No. 4,660,577 to Sensabaugh, Jr. et al; U.S. Patent No. 5,387,416 to White et al. US Patent No. 7,025,066 to Lawson et al; US Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0037623 to Lawrence, Jr., and US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0245377 to Marshall et al; each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary tobacco species include: N. tabacum, N. rustica, N. alata, N. arentsii, N. excelsior, N. forgetiana ), N. glauca, N. glutinosa, N. gossei, N. kawakamii, N. knightiana , N.langsdorffi, N.otophora, N.setchelli, N.sylvestris, N.tomentosa, N.tomentosa .tomentosiformis), N. undulata, N.x sanderae, N. africana, N. amplexicaulis, N. benavidesii, N.bonariensis, N.debneyi, N.longiflora, N.maritina, N.megalosiphon, Western tobacco (N. .occidentalis), N. paniculata, N. plumbaginifolia, N. raimondii, N. rosulata, N. simulans ), N. stocktonii, N. suaveolens, N. umbratica, N. velutina, N. wigandioides, stemless Tobacco (N.acaulis), N.acuminata, N.attenuata, N.benthamiana, N.cavicola, Cliff N. clevelandii, N. cordifolia, N. corymbosa, N. fragrans, N. goodspeedii, N. annuus (N.linearis), N.miersii, N.nudicaulis, N.obtusifolia, Hersperis subspecies (N.occidentalis subsp.Hersperis), N. pauciflora, N. petunioides, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rotundifolia, N. solanifolia, and N. spegazzinii.
使用遗传修饰或杂交育种技术，可以衍生出烟草属(例如，可以对烟草植物进行遗传工程改造或杂交育种，以增加或减少组分、性状或特征的产生)。参见，例如，在下述文献中阐述的植物的遗传修饰的类型：Fitzmaurice等人的美国专利号5,539,093；Wahab等人的美国专利号5,668,295；Fitzmaurice等人的美国专利号5,705,624；Weigl的美国专利号5,844,119；Dominguez等人的美国专利号6,730,832；Liu等人的美国专利号7,173,170；Colliver等人的美国专利号7,208,659，和Benning等人的美国专利号7,230,160；Conkling等人的美国专利申请公开号2006/0236434；和Nielsen等人的PCT WO 2008/103935。Nicotiana can be derived using genetic modification or cross-breeding techniques (eg, tobacco plants can be genetically engineered or cross-breeded to increase or decrease the production of components, traits or characteristics). See, for example, the types of genetic modification of plants described in: Fitzmaurice et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,539,093; Wahab et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,668,295; Fitzmaurice et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,705,624; Weigl, U.S. Patent No. 5,844,119 U.S. Patent No. 6,730,832 to Dominguez et al.; U.S. Patent No. 7,173,170 to Liu et al.; U.S. Patent No. 7,208,659 to Colliver et al., and U.S. Patent No. 7,230,160 to Benning et al.; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0236434 to Conkling et al and PCT WO 2008/103935 by Nielsen et al.
为了制备无烟的和可抽吸的烟草产品，通常对收获的烟草属植物进行烘烤过程。关于不同类型的烟草的不同类型的烘烤过程的描述，参见：Tobacco Production,Chemistry and Technology,Davis等人(编)(1999)。用于烘烤烘烤型烟草的示例性技术和条件，参见Nestor等人,BeitrageTabakforsch.Int.,20,467-475(2003)和Peele的美国专利号6,895,974，它们通过引用并入本文。用于风干烟草的代表性技术和条件，参见Groves等人的美国专利号7,650,892；Roton等人,Beitrage Tabakforsch.Int.,21,305-320(2005)，和Staaf等人,Beitrage Tabakforsch.Int.,21,321-330(2005)，它们通过引用并入本文。可以对某些类型的烟草进行替代类型的烘烤过程，诸如火烤或日烤。优选地，然后使烤过的收获的烟草老化。这样，用于制备烟草组合物或产品的烟草最优选地包含已经烤过和老化的烟草的组分。Harvested Nicotiana plants are typically subjected to a curing process in order to prepare smokeless and smokeable tobacco products. For a description of the different types of curing processes for different types of tobacco, see: Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (eds.) (1999). For exemplary techniques and conditions for curing cured tobacco, see Nestor et al., Beitrage Tabakforsch. Int., 20, 467-475 (2003) and US Patent No. 6,895,974 to Peele, which are incorporated herein by reference. For representative techniques and conditions for air-drying tobacco, see Groves et al., U.S. Patent No. 7,650,892; Roton et al., Beitrage Tabakforsch. Int., 21, 305-320 (2005), and Staaf et al., Beitrage Tabakforsch. Int., 21, 321 -330 (2005), which are incorporated herein by reference. Alternative types of curing processes, such as fire curing or sun curing, can be performed on certain types of tobacco. Preferably, the cured harvested tobacco is then aged. As such, the tobacco used to prepare the tobacco composition or product most preferably comprises components of tobacco that has been cured and aged.
在某些实施方案中，以可以被描述为碎粒、研磨粒、粒化形式、细微粒或粉末形式的形式使用所述烟草材料。用于提供精细粉碎的或粉末类型的形式的烟草材料的方式可以变化。优选地，使用用于研磨、粉碎等的设备和技术，将植物部分或段粉碎、研磨或粉末化成微粒形式。最优选地，植物材料在研磨或粉碎(使用诸如锤磨机、刀盘、空气调节研磨机等设备)过程中是相对干燥的形式。所述烟草材料通常具有10至约100微米的平均粒度，更经常是约20至约75微米，最经常是约25至约50微米。In certain embodiments, the tobacco material is used in a form that may be described as nibs, ground grains, granulated form, fine particles, or powdered form. The means for providing the tobacco material in finely divided or powder type form may vary. Preferably, the plant parts or segments are comminuted, ground or pulverized into particulate form using equipment and techniques for grinding, pulverizing or the like. Most preferably, the plant material is in relatively dry form during grinding or comminution (using equipment such as hammer mills, burrs, air conditioned grinders, etc.). The tobacco material typically has an average particle size of from 10 to about 100 microns, more often from about 20 to about 75 microns, most often from about 25 to about 50 microns.
在其它实施方案中，在所述烟草产品中采用的烟草材料的至少一部分可以具有提取物的形式。通过使用具有水性特性的溶剂(诸如蒸馏水或自来水)提取烟草，可获得烟草提取物。这样，通过用水提取烟草，可以提供烟草水提取物，以使水不溶性浆材料与水性溶剂以及溶解和分散在其中的水溶性的和水分散性的烟草组分分离。In other embodiments, at least a portion of the tobacco material employed in the tobacco product may be in the form of an extract. Tobacco extracts can be obtained by extracting tobacco using a solvent having aqueous properties such as distilled water or tap water. Thus, by extracting the tobacco with water, an aqueous tobacco extract can be provided to separate the water-insoluble pulp material from the aqueous solvent and the water-soluble and water-dispersible tobacco components dissolved and dispersed therein.
可以以多种形式使用烟草提取物。例如，烟草水提取物可以分离成基本上不含溶剂的形式，诸如可作为使用喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥或其它类似类型加工步骤的结果获得。固体形式的烟草提取物的应用可以是特别有利的，因为它允许烟草材料与泡腾材料组合，而不向所述气化糖材料引入大量水分，所述引入可以过早地造成被捕集的气体的释放。可替换地，烟草水提取物可采用液体形式，并且这样，通过选择用于提取的溶剂的量、通过去除溶剂而浓缩液体烟草提取物、通过添加溶剂以稀释液体烟草提取物、或类似方法，可以控制液体溶剂中的烟草可溶物的含量。用于提取烟草组分的示例性技术描述在下述文献中：Fiore的美国专利号4,144,895；Osborne，Jr.等人的美国专利号4,150,677；Reid的美国专利号4,267,847；Wildman等人的美国专利号4,289,147；Brummer等人的美国专利号4,351,346；Brummer等人的美国专利号4,359,059；Muller的美国专利号4,506,682；Keritsis的美国专利号4,589,428；Soga等人的美国专利号4,605,016；Poulose等人的美国专利号4,716,911；Niven，Jr.等人的美国专利号4,727,889；Bernasek等人的美国专利号4,887,618；Clapp等人的美国专利号4,941,484；Fagg等人的美国专利号4,967,771；Roberts等人的美国专利号4,986,286；Fagg等人的美国专利号5,005,593；Grubbs等人的美国专利号5,018,540；White等人的美国专利号5,060,669；Fagg的美国专利号5,065,775；White等人的美国专利号5,074,319；White等人的美国专利号5,099,862；White等人的美国专利号5,121,757；Fagg的美国专利号5,131,414；Munoz等人的美国专利号5,131,415；Fagg的美国专利号5,148,819；Kramer的美国专利号5,197,494；Smith等人的美国专利号5,230,354；Fagg的美国专利号5,234,008；Smith的美国专利号5,243,999；Raymond等人的美国专利号5,301,694；Gonzalez-Parra等人的美国专利号5,318,050；Teague的美国专利号5,343,879；Newton的美国专利号5,360,022；Clapp等人的美国专利号5,435,325；Brinkley等人的美国专利号5,445,169；Lauterbach的美国专利号6,131,584；Kierulff等人的美国专利号6,298,859；Mua等人的美国专利号6,772,767；和Thompson的美国专利号7,337,782，它们都通过引用并入本文。Tobacco extracts can be used in a variety of forms. For example, an aqueous tobacco extract may be isolated into a substantially solvent-free form, such as may be obtained as a result of the use of spray-drying or freeze-drying or other similar types of processing steps. The use of tobacco extract in solid form can be particularly advantageous because it allows the tobacco material to be combined with the effervescent material without introducing significant amounts of moisture to the gasified sugar material, which could prematurely cause entrapped release of gas. Alternatively, the aqueous tobacco extract may be in liquid form, and as such, by selecting the amount of solvent used for extraction, concentrating the liquid tobacco extract by removing the solvent, diluting the liquid tobacco extract by adding a solvent, or the like, The content of tobacco solubles in the liquid solvent can be controlled. Exemplary techniques for extracting tobacco components are described in: U.S. Patent No. 4,144,895 to Fiore; U.S. Patent No. 4,150,677 to Osborne, Jr. et al.; U.S. Patent No. 4,267,847 to Reid; U.S. Patent No. 4,289,147 to Wildman et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,351,346 to Brummer et al.; U.S. Patent No. 4,359,059 to Brummer et al.; U.S. Patent No. 4,506,682 to Muller; U.S. Patent No. 4,589,428 to Keritsis; U.S. Patent No. 4,727,889 to Niven, Jr. et al.; U.S. Patent No. 4,887,618 to Bernasek et al.; U.S. Patent No. 4,941,484 to Clapp et al.; U.S. Patent No. 4,967,771 to Fagg et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,005,593 by Grubbs et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,060,669 by White et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,065,775 by Fagg; U.S. Patent No. 5,074,319 by White et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,121,757 to White et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,131,414 to Fagg; U.S. Patent No. 5,131,415 to Munoz et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,148,819 to Fagg; US Patent No. 5,234,008 to Smith; US Patent No. 5,243,999 to Smith; US Patent No. 5,301,694 to Raymond et al.; US Patent No. 5,318,050 to Gonzalez-Parra et al.; US Patent No. 5,343,879 to Teague; U.S. Patent No. 5,435,325 to Brinkley et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,445,169 to Brinkley et al.; U.S. Patent No. 6,131,584 to Lauterbach; U.S. Patent No. 6,298,859 to Kierulff et al.; Incorporated herein by reference.
可以对烟草材料进行巴氏消毒处理或其它合适的热处理工艺步骤。典型的巴氏消毒方法条件包括使烟草材料--其最优选为潮湿形式--经历加热处理。可在封闭容器(例如，提供控制的大气环境、控制的大气组分和控制的大气压力的容器)中，或在基本上向环境空气敞开的容器中进行加热处理。通过使烟草材料经历足够高的温度足够长的时间而提供的加热处理能够在期望程度上改变结合材料的总体特性或性质。例如，加热处理可用于提供烟草材料期望的颜色或视觉特性、提供烟草材料期望的感官性质、或提供烟草材料期望的物理性质或质地。另外，加热处理使烟草材料经历巴氏消毒类型处理的处理特征。这样，可使某些类型和数量的孢子、真菌、微生物、细菌和类似物失活，或使由此产生的酶变性或以其它方式失活。被失活的或以其它方式在数量上被有效地减少的某些组分是能够促进烟草特异性亚硝胺形成的生物物质(例如，酶)。巴氏消毒技术阐释在例如美国食品和药品管理局以及美国农业部的网站上。示例性类型的巴氏消毒设备、方法和工艺条件也阐释在Mua等人的美国专利公开号2009/0025738和Brinkley等人的美国专利公开号2009/0025739中，它们通过引用并入本文。如果需要的话，可以对烟草材料进行足够的辐照，以提供巴氏消毒处理的益处。The tobacco material may be subjected to pasteurization or other suitable heat treatment process steps. Typical pasteurization process conditions include subjecting the tobacco material - which is most preferably in moist form - to heat treatment. The heat treatment can be carried out in a closed vessel (eg, a vessel providing a controlled atmospheric environment, controlled atmospheric composition, and controlled atmospheric pressure), or in a vessel substantially open to ambient air. The heat treatment provided by subjecting the tobacco material to a sufficiently high temperature for a sufficient length of time is capable of altering the general characteristics or properties of the bonded material to a desired extent. For example, heat treatment can be used to provide desired color or visual properties to the tobacco material, to provide desired organoleptic properties to the tobacco material, or to provide desired physical properties or texture to the tobacco material. Additionally, the heat treatment subjects the tobacco material to the processing characteristics of a pasteurization-type treatment. In this way, certain types and numbers of spores, fungi, microorganisms, bacteria and the like can be inactivated, or enzymes produced thereby can be denatured or otherwise inactivated. Some of the components that are inactivated or otherwise effectively reduced in amount are biological substances (eg, enzymes) capable of promoting the formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Pasteurization techniques are explained, for example, on the websites of the US Food and Drug Administration and the US Department of Agriculture. Exemplary types of pasteurization equipment, methods, and process conditions are also set forth in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0025738 to Mua et al. and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0025739 to Brinkley et al., which are incorporated herein by reference. Tobacco material can be irradiated sufficiently to provide the benefits of pasteurization, if desired.
在一个实施方案中，在将潮湿的烟草材料与一种或多种选自下述的添加剂混合以后，对所述烟草材料进行热处理(例如，在至少约100℃的温度下加热潮湿的烟草材料)：赖氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸、掺入二价和三价阳离子的组合物、门冬酰胺酶、某些非还原糖、某些还原剂、酚类化合物、某些具有至少一个游离硫醇基或官能团(functionality)的化合物、氧化剂、氧化催化剂、天然植物提取物(例如，迷迭香提取物)和它们的组合。这样的热处理工艺描述在Chen等人的美国专利公开号2010/0300463，其通过引用并入本文。In one embodiment, after mixing the moist tobacco material with one or more additives selected from the group consisting of, the tobacco material is heat-treated (e.g., heating the moist tobacco material ): Lysine, glycine, histidine, alanine, methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, phenylalanine, valine, arginine, incorporated divalent and trivalent Compositions of valent cations, asparaginases, certain non-reducing sugars, certain reducing agents, phenolic compounds, certain compounds having at least one free thiol group or functionality, oxidizing agents, oxidation catalysts, natural plants Extracts (eg, rosemary extract) and combinations thereof. Such a heat treatment process is described in US Patent Publication No. 2010/0300463 to Chen et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
所述无烟烟草产品中的烟草材料的量可以变化，但是烟草材料通常是优势成分。示例性的重量范围包括约2至约80干重％，经常约3至约60干重％，更经常约10至约40干重％。在某些实施方案中，烟草材料的量可以表征为至少约3干重％、或至少约10干重％、或至少约15干重％、或至少约20干重％。在某些实施方案中，烟草材料的量可以表征为不超过约80干重％、不超过约60干重％、不超过约50干重％、或不超过约40干重％。The amount of tobacco material in the smokeless tobacco product can vary, but tobacco material is usually the predominant ingredient. Exemplary weight ranges include about 2 to about 80 dry weight percent, often about 3 to about 60 dry weight percent, more often about 10 to about 40 dry weight percent. In certain embodiments, the amount of tobacco material may be characterized as at least about 3% by dry weight, or at least about 10% by dry weight, or at least about 15% by dry weight, or at least about 20% by dry weight. In certain embodiments, the amount of tobacco material can be characterized as no more than about 80% dry weight, no more than about 60% dry weight, no more than about 50% dry weight, or no more than about 40% dry weight.
其它成分可与形成本发明的无烟烟草组合物或制剂的基础的烟草材料和气化糖材料混合，或以其它方式掺入其中。所述另外的组分可以是人工组分，或可以从草药或生物源得到或衍生出。另外的组分的示例性类型包括：盐(例如，氯化钠、氯化钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钾、醋酸钠、乙酸钾等)、天然的甜味剂(例如，果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、香草醛、乙基香草醛葡萄糖苷、甘露糖、半乳糖、乳糖等)、人工甜味剂(例如，三氯蔗糖、糖精、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、纽甜等)、有机和无机填充剂(例如，细粒、已加工细粒、疏松细粒、麦芽糊精、右旋糖、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、玉米淀粉、乳糖、糖醇诸如异麦芽酮糖醇、甘露醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇或山梨醇、精细粉碎的纤维素、聚合物、植物纤维材料诸如甜菜纤维等)、粘合剂(例如，聚维酮、羧甲基纤维素钠和其它改性纤维素类粘合剂、藻酸钠、黄原胶、淀粉基粘合剂、阿拉伯树胶、卵磷脂等)、pH调节剂或缓冲剂(例如，金属氢氧化物，优选碱金属氢氧化物，如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾，和其它碱金属缓冲剂如金属碳酸盐，优选碳酸钾或碳酸钠，或金属碳酸氢盐如碳酸氢钠等)、着色剂(例如，染料和颜料、包括焦糖色和二氧化钛等)、保湿剂(例如，甘油、丙二醇等)、口腔护理添加剂(例如，百里香油、桉叶油和锌)、防腐剂(例如，山梨酸钾等)、糖浆(例如，蜂蜜、高果糖玉米糖浆等)、崩解或可压缩性助剂(例如，微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交聚维酮、淀粉羟乙酸钠、预胶凝化玉米淀粉等)、调味剂和调味混合物、脂类诸如可熔化的脂肪或油、抗氧化剂和它们的混合物。如果需要的话，可以将所述另外的组分包囊化，如在Dube等人的美国专利公开号2008/0029110中所述，其通过引用并入本文。Other ingredients may be mixed with, or otherwise incorporated into, the tobacco material and gasified sugar material forming the basis of the smokeless tobacco composition or formulation of the present invention. The additional components may be artificial, or may be obtained or derived from herbal or biological sources. Exemplary types of additional ingredients include: salts (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, etc.), natural sweeteners (e.g., fructose, sucrose, Glucose, maltose, vanillin, ethyl vanillin glucoside, mannose, galactose, lactose, etc.), artificial sweeteners (eg, sucralose, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K, neotame, etc.) , organic and inorganic fillers (for example, granules, processed granules, loose granules, maltodextrin, dextrose, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, corn starch, lactose, sugar alcohols such as isomalt, mannose alcohol, erythritol, xylitol or sorbitol, finely divided cellulose, polymers, plant fiber materials such as sugar beet fiber, etc.), binders (for example, povidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and other modified cellulosic binders, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, starch-based adhesives mixture, gum arabic, lecithin, etc.), pH adjusters or buffers (for example, metal hydroxides, preferably alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and other alkali metal buffers such as metal carbon acid salt, preferably potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate, or metal bicarbonate such as sodium bicarbonate, etc.), coloring agent (for example, dyes and pigments, including caramel color and titanium dioxide, etc.), humectant (for example, glycerin, propylene glycol, etc.), Oral care additives (e.g., thyme oil, eucalyptus oil, and zinc), preservatives (e.g., potassium sorbate, etc.), syrups (e.g., honey, high fructose corn syrup, etc.), disintegration or compressibility aids (e.g., , microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinized cornstarch, etc.), flavorings and flavoring mixtures, lipids such as meltable fats or oils, Antioxidants and their mixtures. The additional components can be encapsulated, if desired, as described in Dube et al., US Patent Publication No. 2008/0029110, which is incorporated herein by reference.
前述类型的组分可以一起使用(例如，作为混合物)，或单独使用(例如，在最终烟草产品的制备所涉及的不同阶段，可以加入各种组分)。在无烟烟草制剂内的各种组分的相对量可以变化，且通常进行选择，从而给烟草产品提供期望的感觉和性能特征。Components of the foregoing types may be used together (eg, as a mixture), or separately (eg, various components may be added at different stages involved in the manufacture of the final tobacco product). The relative amounts of the various components within a smokeless tobacco formulation can vary, and are typically selected so as to provide the desired sensory and performance characteristics to the tobacco product.
代表性的缓冲剂包括金属碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐、单-和二-金属磷酸盐和它们的混合物。一种代表性的缓冲剂可以由基本上所有的碳酸钠组成，另一种代表性的缓冲剂可以由基本上所有的碳酸氢钠组成。在某些实施方案中，所述缓冲剂或pH调节成分以约1干重％至约15干重％、经常约5干重％至约12干重％、最经常约6干重％至约10干重％的量存在。无烟烟草产品中的示例性缓冲pH范围包括约6至约11、经常约7至约10(例如，约7或约8)的pH范围。Representative buffers include metal carbonates and bicarbonates, mono- and di-metal phosphates, and mixtures thereof. One representative buffer can consist of substantially all sodium carbonate, and another representative buffer can consist of substantially all sodium bicarbonate. In certain embodiments, the buffer or pH adjusting component is present at about 1% to about 15% by dry weight, often from about 5% to about 12% by dry weight, most often from about 6% to about An amount of 10% by dry weight is present. Exemplary buffered pH ranges in smokeless tobacco products include pH ranges of about 6 to about 11, often about 7 to about 10 (eg, about 7 or about 8).
本文使用的“调味剂”或“矫味剂”是，能够改变与无烟烟草组合物有关的感觉特性的任意可口的或芳香的物质。调味剂可以改变的示例性感觉特性包括，味道、口感、湿度、冷/热、和/或芳香/香气。所述调味剂可以是天然的或合成的，并且这些调味剂的特性可描述为，但不限于：清新型、香甜型、草药味、糖果味、花香型、水果味或香料型。调味剂的具体类型包括、但不限于：香草、咖啡、巧克力、奶油、薄荷、留兰香、薄荷醇、薄荷、冬青、薰衣草、豆蔻、肉豆蔻、肉桂、丁香、卡藜、檀香、蜂蜜、茉莉、姜、八角、鼠尾草、甘草、柠檬、橙、苹果、桃、石灰、樱桃和草莓。在本发明中使用的调味剂还可以包括被视作保湿剂、冷却剂或平滑剂的组分，如桉叶油(eucalyptus)。这些调味剂可以纯粹地(即，单独地)或复合地(例如，留兰香和薄荷醇，或橙和肉桂)提供。调味剂通常以约0.5干重％至约10干重％、经常约1干重％至约6干重％、最经常约2干重％至约5干重％的量存在。As used herein, a "flavoring agent" or "flavoring agent" is any palatable or aromatic substance capable of altering the sensory characteristics associated with a smokeless tobacco composition. Exemplary sensory attributes that can be altered by flavoring agents include taste, mouthfeel, humidity, cold/heat, and/or aroma/aroma. The flavorings may be natural or synthetic, and the flavorings may be characterized as, but not limited to: fresh, sweet, herbal, candy, floral, fruity or spice. Specific types of flavoring agents include, but are not limited to: vanilla, coffee, chocolate, cream, peppermint, spearmint, menthol, peppermint, wintergreen, lavender, cardamom, nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, quinoa, sandalwood, honey , Jasmine, Ginger, Star Anise, Sage, Licorice, Lemon, Orange, Apple, Peach, Lime, Cherry and Strawberry. Flavoring agents used in the present invention may also include components considered humectants, cooling agents or smoothing agents, such as eucalyptus. These flavorings can be provided neat (ie, alone) or in combination (eg, spearmint and menthol, or orange and cinnamon). Flavoring agents are typically present in amounts of from about 0.5% to about 10% by dry weight, often from about 1% to about 6% by dry weight, most often from about 2% to about 5% by dry weight.
甜味剂可以以天然或人工形式使用，或作为人工和天然甜味剂的组合使用。在某些实施方案中，所述甜味剂可以包括：甘草皂苷、甘油、菊糖、拉克替醇、马槟榔甜蛋白、麦芽糖醇、甘露醇、神秘果蛋白(miraculin)、莫那亭(monatin)、应乐果甜蛋白、水龙骨甜素、倍他丁(pentadin)、聚葡萄糖、山梨醇、甜叶菊、塔格糖、索马甜、安赛蜜、阿力甜、阿司帕坦、环拉酸盐、甘素、亚糖精、纽甜、糖精、三氯蔗糖和它们的组合。在某些实施方案中，所述甜味剂包含三氯蔗糖(1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖基-4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷)。基于所述无烟烟草产品的总干重，甜味剂的量通常是约0.1干重％至约10干重％，经常是约0.25干重％至约5干重％，最经常是约0.5干重％至约4干重％。Sweeteners can be used in natural or artificial forms, or as a combination of artificial and natural sweeteners. In some embodiments, the sweeteners may include: glycyrrhizin, glycerin, inulin, lactitol, picelin, maltitol, mannitol, miraculin, monatin ), glucosamine, hydrogrosin, betadin (pentadin), polydextrose, sorbitol, stevia, tagatose, thaumatin, acesulfame potassium, alitame, aspartame, Cyclonate, glycin, saccharin, neotame, saccharin, sucralose and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the sweetener comprises sucralose (1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D -galactopyranoside). The amount of sweetener is generally from about 0.1 dry weight percent to about 10 dry weight percent, often from about 0.25 dry weight percent to about 5 dry weight percent, most often about 0.5 dry weight percent based on the total dry weight of the smokeless tobacco product. % by dry weight to about 4% by dry weight.
着色剂或着色剂混合物当存在时，以实现终产品的期望着色所必需的量存在。着色剂的量通常是约0.1干重％至约10干重％，经常是约0.5干重％至约5干重％，最经常是约1干重％至约4干重％。The colorant or mixture of colorants, when present, is present in the amount necessary to achieve the desired coloration of the final product. The amount of colorant is usually from about 0.1% to about 10% by dry weight, often from about 0.5% to about 5% by dry weight, most often from about 1% to about 4% by dry weight.
本发明的无烟烟草组合物通常包括至少一种填充剂成分。组合物的这样的组分经常实现多种功能，诸如增强某种器官感觉特性(诸如质感和口感)，增强产品的粘着性或可压缩性等。本发明的某些实施方案利用填充剂组分的组合，诸如微晶纤维素、甘露醇和麦芽糖糊精的混合物。当存在时，一种或多种填充剂通常以约5干重％至约60干重％、经常约10干重％至约35干重％、最经常约20干重％至约30干重％的量存在。在某些实施方案中，所述填充剂组分以至少约3干重％的任意量存在。Smokeless tobacco compositions of the present invention generally include at least one filler component. Such components of the composition often perform multiple functions, such as enhancing certain organoleptic properties such as texture and mouthfeel, enhancing the cohesiveness or compressibility of the product, and the like. Certain embodiments of the invention utilize a combination of filler components, such as a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, and maltodextrin. When present, one or more fillers are typically present at from about 5% to about 60% by dry weight, often from about 10% to about 35% by dry weight, most often from about 20% to about 30% by dry weight % amount present. In certain embodiments, the filler component is present in any amount of at least about 3 dry weight percent.
还可以将粘合剂组分(诸如聚维酮)加入制剂中，以增强总制剂的粘着性。粘合剂组分可以作为固体微粒加入，或溶解于溶剂中。当存在时，粘合剂通常以约0.5干重％至约15干重％、经常约1干重％至约10干重％、最经常约2干重％至约8干重％的量存在。在某些实施方案中，所述粘合剂组分以至少约2干重％的任意量存在。Adhesive components such as povidone may also be added to the formulation to enhance the cohesiveness of the overall formulation. The binder component can be added as solid particulates, or dissolved in a solvent. When present, the binder is typically present in an amount from about 0.5% to about 15% by dry weight, often from about 1% to about 10% by dry weight, most often from about 2% to about 8% by dry weight . In certain embodiments, the binder component is present in any amount of at least about 2 dry weight percent.
如果无烟烟草产品的下游加工(诸如造粒或混合)需要，还可以将流动助剂加入所述材料中，以便增强无烟烟草材料的流动性。示例性的流动助剂包括微晶纤维素、聚乙二醇、硬脂酸、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸锌、巴西棕榈蜡和它们的组合。当存在时，流动助剂的代表性的量可占制剂总干重的至少约0.5％或至少约1％。优选地，所述制剂中流动助剂的量将不超过制剂总干重的约5％，并通常将不超过约3％。Flow aids may also be added to the material in order to enhance the flow of the smokeless tobacco material if required for downstream processing of the smokeless tobacco product, such as pelleting or blending. Exemplary flow aids include microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, carnauba wax, and combinations thereof. When present, representative amounts of flow aids may comprise at least about 0.5% or at least about 1% of the total dry weight of the formulation. Preferably, the amount of flow aid in the formulation will not exceed about 5%, and usually will not exceed about 3%, of the total dry weight of the formulation.
在某些实施方案中，所述无烟烟草产品还包含盐。盐在所述无烟烟草产品中的存在可以起抑制苦味和/或增强甜味的作用。可以使用任意类型的盐。根据本发明通常使用普通食盐(NaCl)，但是也意图包括其它类型的盐。添加的盐的量可以变化，但是范围通常是所述无烟烟草产品干重的0％至约8％，例如约1％至约4％。In certain embodiments, the smokeless tobacco product further comprises salt. The presence of salt in the smokeless tobacco product may act to suppress bitterness and/or enhance sweetness. Any type of salt can be used. Common table salt (NaCl) is typically used according to the present invention, but other types of salt are also intended to be included. The amount of added salt can vary, but typically ranges from 0% to about 8%, such as from about 1% to about 4%, of the dry weight of the smokeless tobacco product.
所述无烟烟草产品可以包括脂质组分，例如，脂肪、油或蜡物质(或它们的组合)，以便减小所述产品在口腔中的溶出速率。脂质组分还可以用于延迟所述气化糖材料对水的存在的敏感性，这可以改善本发明的无烟烟草产品的贮存和操作。在本发明中使用的脂质组分可以源自动物或植物材料，且通常主要包含甘油三酯以及更少量的游离脂肪酸和甘油单酯或甘油二酯。可以使用的示例性脂肪包括植物油制起酥油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、红花油、大豆油、棉籽油、可可脂和它们的混合物。示例性的脂质物质包括：得自AarhusKarlshamn USA Inc.的108-24-B(一种未氢化的月桂酸涂布脂肪，其含有棕榈仁油和棕榈油的掺合物)；得自Loders Croklaan的PARAMOUNT X(一种部分氢化的植物油，其含有棕榈仁油、大豆油和棉籽油的掺合物)；得自Barry Callebaut的CB302(天然的可可脂)；和得自AarhusKarlshamn USA Inc.的CEBES 21-25(棕榈仁油和氢化棕榈油的混合物)。The smokeless tobacco product may include a lipid component, eg, a fatty, oily or waxy substance (or combinations thereof), in order to reduce the dissolution rate of the product in the oral cavity. The lipid component can also be used to delay the sensitivity of the gasified sugar material to the presence of water, which can improve storage and handling of the smokeless tobacco products of the present invention. The lipid component used in the present invention may be derived from animal or plant material, and generally comprises mainly triglycerides with smaller amounts of free fatty acids and mono- or diglycerides. Exemplary fats that may be used include vegetable shortening, palm oil, palm kernel oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, cocoa butter, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary lipid materials include: 108-24-B (an unhydrogenated lauric coating fat containing a blend of palm kernel oil and palm oil) from AarhusKarlshamn USA Inc.; PARAMOUNT X (a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil containing a blend of palm kernel oil, soybean oil, and cottonseed oil); CB302 (natural cocoa butter) from Barry Callebaut; and CEBES from AarhusKarlshamn USA Inc. 21-25 (a blend of palm kernel oil and hydrogenated palm oil).
所述无烟烟草组合物内的脂质物质的相对量可以变化。优选地，所述无烟烟草组合物内的脂质物质的量是至少约3％、至少约5％、或至少约7％，基于所述组合物的干重。在某些方面，脂质材料的量是小于约20％、小于约15％、或小于约10重量％，基于干重。示例性的脂质重量范围包括约3干重％至约20干重％，更典型地是约5干重％至约10干重％。The relative amount of lipid material within the smokeless tobacco composition can vary. Preferably, the amount of lipid material in the smokeless tobacco composition is at least about 3%, at least about 5%, or at least about 7%, based on the dry weight of the composition. In certain aspects, the amount of lipid material is less than about 20%, less than about 15%, or less than about 10% by weight on a dry weight basis. Exemplary lipid weight ranges include about 3% to about 20% by dry weight, more typically about 5% to about 10% by dry weight.
在一个实施方案中，本发明提供了一种无烟烟草产品，其包含：约20干重％至约60干重％(例如，约25干重％至约50干重％)的气化糖材料(优选地以微粒形式)；约5干重％至约50干重％(例如，约10干重％至约40干重％)的烟草材料(例如，微粒烟草材料或烟草水提取物或它们的组合)；任选的约5干重％至约40干重％的糖醇(与所述气化糖材料分开)；任选的至多约25干重％(例如，约5干重％至约20干重％)的填充剂；任选的至多约5干重％的粘合剂；任选的至多约5干重％的甜味剂；任选的至多约5干重％的调味剂；任选的至多约5干重％的氯化钠；任选的至多约3干重％的酸；和任选的至多约3干重％的碱。In one embodiment, the present invention provides a smokeless tobacco product comprising: about 20% to about 60% by dry weight (eg, about 25% to about 50% by dry weight) gasified sugar Material (preferably in particulate form); from about 5% to about 50% by dry weight (e.g., from about 10% to about 40% by dry weight) of tobacco material (e.g., particulate tobacco material or aqueous tobacco extract or their combination); optionally from about 5% by dry weight to about 40% by dry weight of sugar alcohol (separate from the gasified sugar material); optionally up to about 25% by dry weight (for example, about 5% by dry weight Up to about 20% by dry weight) of bulking agents; Optionally up to about 5% by dry weight of binders; Optionally up to about 5% by dry weight of sweeteners; Optionally up to about 5% by dry weight of flavoring optional up to about 5% by dry weight of sodium chloride; optionally up to about 3% by dry weight of an acid; and optionally up to about 3% by dry weight of a base.
在另一个实施方案中，本发明提供了一种无烟烟草产品，其包含：约60干重％至约95干重％(例如，约70干重％至约90干重％)的气化的糖醇；约5干重％至约30干重％(例如，约10干重％至约20干重％)的烟草材料(例如，微粒烟草材料或烟草水提取物或它们的组合)；任选的约5干重％至约20干重％的糖醇糖浆；任选的至多约15干重％的脂质；任选的至多约20干重％(例如，约5干重％至约10干重％)的填充剂；任选的至多约5干重％的粘合剂；任选的至多约5干重％的甜味剂；任选的至多约5干重％的调味剂；任选的至多约5干重％的保湿剂(例如，甘油)；任选的至多约5干重％的氯化钠；任选的至多约3干重％的酸；和任选的至多约3干重％的碱。In another embodiment, the present invention provides a smokeless tobacco product comprising: about 60% to about 95% by dry weight (eg, about 70% to about 90% by dry weight) of vaporized The sugar alcohol of about 5 dry weight % to about 30 dry weight % (for example, about 10 dry weight % to about 20 dry weight %) tobacco material (for example, particulate tobacco material or tobacco water extract or their combination); Optionally about 5% by dry weight to about 20% by dry weight of sugar alcohol syrup; Optionally up to about 15% by dry weight of lipids; Optionally up to about 20% by dry weight (for example, from about 5% by dry weight to about 10% by dry weight) of bulking agents; optionally up to about 5% by dry weight of binders; optionally up to about 5% by dry weight of sweeteners; optionally up to about 5% by dry weight of flavoring agents optionally up to about 5% by dry weight of a humectant (e.g., glycerin); optionally up to about 5% by dry weight of sodium chloride; optionally up to about 3% by dry weight of an acid; and optionally up to About 3% by dry weight of alkali.
可改变无烟烟草产品的各种组分的结合方式。产品的各种组分可在圆锥形搅拌器、混合槽、带型混合器或类似物中接触、结合或混合在一起。这样，各种组分的总混合物可以在性质上相对均一。也参见，例如，在下述文献中阐述的方法类型：Strickland等人的美国专利公开号2005/0244521和Kumar等人的美国专利公开号2009/0293889；它们各自通过引用并入本文。The manner in which the various components of the smokeless tobacco product are combined can vary. The various components of the product may be contacted, combined or mixed together in a conical mixer, mixing tank, ribbon mixer or the like. In this way, the overall mixture of the various components can be relatively homogeneous in nature. See also, for example, the types of methods set forth in US Patent Publication No. 2005/0244521 to Strickland et al. and US Patent Publication No. 2009/0293889 to Kumar et al.; each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
本发明的无烟烟草产品可以形成为多种形状，包括丸粒、片、球、条、膜、薄板、硬币形、立方体、珠子、卵圆形、柑橘形、圆柱形、豆形、棍或棒。产品的横截面形状可以变化，示例性的横截面形状包括：圆形、正方形、椭圆形、矩形等。使用诸如移动带、夹子、挤出机、造粒或团聚装置、压紧装置等设备，可以以多种方式形成这样的产品形状。也可以以粉末或微粒形式使用本发明的产品。The smokeless tobacco products of the present invention can be formed into a variety of shapes including pellets, tablets, balls, rods, films, sheets, coins, cubes, beads, ovals, citrus, cylinders, beans, sticks or Great. The cross-sectional shape of the product can vary, and exemplary cross-sectional shapes include: circular, square, oval, rectangular, and the like. Such product shapes can be formed in a number of ways using equipment such as moving belts, clamps, extruders, pelletizing or agglomerating devices, compacting devices, and the like. It is also possible to use the products of the invention in powder or particulate form.
本发明的示例性的无烟烟草产品形式包括：丸粒化的烟草产品(例如，从粉末化的或加工的烟草生产的压制或模塑丸粒，诸如形成希望的形状的那些)，挤出的或浇铸的烟草块(例如，作为条、膜或片，包括形成希望的形状的多层膜)，包含由固体衬底负载的烟草的产品(例如，其中衬底材料的范围从可食用的谷物至不可食用的纤维质棒)，挤出的或成形的含有烟草的杆或棒，具有外部壳区域和内部芯区域的含有烟草的胶囊样材料，含有烟草的稻草样(例如，形成空心的)形状，含有烟草的囊或袋(例如，snus-样产品)，含有烟草的口香糖片、带状膜卷、易溶于水的或可分散于水的膜或条(参见，例如，Chan等人的美国专利公开号2006/0198873)，或具有外壳(例如，性质上可以为透明、无色、半透明或高度染色的柔软或硬的外壳)以及含有烟草或烟草香料(例如，掺入一些形式烟草的牛顿流体或触变流体)的内部区域的胶囊样材料等。Exemplary smokeless tobacco product forms of the present invention include: pelletized tobacco products (e.g., pressed or molded pellets produced from powdered or processed tobacco, such as those formed into a desired shape), extruded or cast tobacco blocks (e.g., as rods, films or sheets, including multilayer films formed into desired shapes), products comprising tobacco supported by a solid substrate (e.g., where the substrate material ranges from edible cereals to inedible fibrous rods), extruded or formed tobacco-containing rods or rods, tobacco-containing capsule-like materials having an outer shell region and an inner core region, tobacco-containing straw-like (e.g., formed hollow ), tobacco-containing sachets or pouches (e.g., snus-like products), tobacco-containing chewing gum tablets, strip film rolls, water-soluble or water-dispersible films or strips (see, e.g., Chan et al. 2006/0198873), or have an outer shell (e.g., a soft or hard shell that can be transparent, colorless, translucent, or highly pigmented in nature) and contain tobacco or tobacco flavorings (e.g., incorporating some Newtonian fluid or thixotropic fluid in the form of tobacco), capsule-like material in the inner region, etc.
可以如下形成诸如杆和立方体等形状：首先穿过具有期望的横截面(例如，圆形或正方形)的模具挤出材料，然后任选地将挤出的材料切成希望的长度。适合用于本发明中的示例性的挤出设备包括：工业糊状物挤出机诸如可从意大利的Emiliomiti,LLC得到的Model TP 200/300。可以如下制备薄板样材料：将烟草组合物施加于移动带上，并使移动带穿过由相对滚柱形成的夹缝，随后将薄板切成希望的长度。Shapes such as rods and cubes can be formed by first extruding the material through a die having the desired cross-section (eg, circular or square), and then optionally cutting the extruded material to desired lengths. Exemplary extrusion equipment suitable for use in the present invention includes industrial paste extruders such as the Model TP 200/300 available from Emiliomiti, LLC of Italy. A sheet-like material may be prepared by applying the tobacco composition to a moving belt and passing the belt through the nip formed by opposing rollers, followed by cutting the sheet to the desired length.
在某些优选的实施方案中，所述无烟烟草产品是压制的或模塑的丸粒的形式，其中所述丸粒可以具有多种形状中的任一种，包括传统的弹丸或片剂形状。示例性的丸粒大小包括：具有在约3mm至约20mm、更典型地约5至约12mm范围内的长度和宽度的丸粒。示例性的丸粒重量范围是约250mg至约600mg，更典型地约300mg至约450mg。可以如下生产压制的无烟烟草丸粒：以丸粒形式压制造粒的烟草和有关的制剂组分，并任选地用外衣材料包被每个丸粒。示例性的造粒装置可作为FL-M系列造粒设备(例如，FL-M-3)从Vector Corporatio得到，和作为WP 120V和WP 200VN从Alexanderwerk,Inc得到。示例性的压制装置，诸如压制机，可作为Colton 2216和Colton 2247从Vector Corporation得到，以及作为1200i、2200i、3200、2090、3090和4090从Fette Compacting得到。用于给压制的丸粒化烟草制剂提供外包衣层的装置可作为CompuLab 24、CompuLab 36、Accela-Cota 48和Accela-Cota 60从Thomas Engineering得到。In certain preferred embodiments, the smokeless tobacco product is in the form of compressed or molded pellets, wherein the pellets can have any of a variety of shapes, including traditional pellets or tablets shape. Exemplary pellet sizes include pellets having a length and width in the range of about 3 mm to about 20 mm, more typically about 5 to about 12 mm. An exemplary pellet weight range is about 250 mg to about 600 mg, more typically about 300 mg to about 450 mg. Compressed smokeless tobacco pellets can be produced by compressing the granulated tobacco and associated formulation components in pellet form, and optionally coating each pellet with a coating material. Exemplary pelletizing apparatus are available from Vector Corporation as FL-M series pelletizing equipment (eg, FL-M-3), and from Alexanderwerk, Inc as WP 120V and WP 200VN. Exemplary compacting devices, such as compactors, are available as Colton 2216 and Colton 2247 from Vector Corporation, and as 1200i, 2200i, 3200, 2090, 3090 and 4090 from Fette Compacting. Apparatus for providing an outer coating layer to compressed pelletized tobacco formulations are available from Thomas Engineering as CompuLab 24, CompuLab 36, Accela-Cota 48 and Accela-Cota 60.
在一个方面，本发明提供了一种制备本发明的无烟烟草组合物的方法，所述方法包括：首先制备含烟草的造粒混合物，通过加入粘合剂溶液而将所述混合物造粒，以生成中间颗粒状产物，然后将所述颗粒与微粒形式的气化糖材料掺合。可以将得到的组合物压制成预定的形状，诸如丸粒或杆，或置于如上所述的药袋中。可替换地，可以将含烟草的颗粒和气化的糖颗粒的混合物与其它粘合剂诸如糖醇糖浆(例如，麦芽糖醇糖浆)混合并挤出成丸粒、杆或其它期望的形状。In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a smokeless tobacco composition of the present invention, the method comprising: first preparing a tobacco-containing granulation mixture, granulating the mixture by adding a binder solution, To produce an intermediate granulated product, the granules are then blended with the gasified sugar material in particulate form. The resulting composition may be compressed into a predetermined shape, such as a pellet or rod, or placed in a sachet as described above. Alternatively, the mixture of tobacco-containing particles and gasified sugar particles may be mixed with other binders such as sugar alcohol syrup (eg, maltitol syrup) and extruded into pellets, rods, or other desired shapes.
所述含烟草的造粒混合物通常包括烟草材料(例如，微粒形式的烟草)和一种或多种粘合剂、填充剂、甜味剂、盐、调味剂、着色剂、压缩助剂或其它另外的成分。所述造粒混合物通常是相对干燥的，这意味着没有引入液体成分，并且相反，所述混合物含有基本上所有的干粉成分。将造粒材料与粘合剂溶液混合(例如，通过将粘合剂溶液喷洒进造粒机中)，并造粒至所需的粒度，诸如约100微米至约200微米。如本领域会理解的，所述粘合剂溶液会促进干粉造粒混合物团聚成更大的颗粒。The tobacco-containing prilling mixture typically includes tobacco material (e.g., tobacco in particulate form) and one or more binders, fillers, sweeteners, salts, flavoring agents, colorants, compression aids, or other additional ingredients. The granulation mixture is usually relatively dry, meaning that no liquid ingredients are incorporated, and instead the mixture contains substantially all dry powder ingredients. The granulated material is mixed with the binder solution (eg, by spraying the binder solution into a granulator), and granulated to a desired particle size, such as about 100 microns to about 200 microns. As will be understood in the art, the binder solution will promote agglomeration of the dry powder granulation mixture into larger particles.
在造粒方法中使用的粘合剂溶液可以是任意的水性的或基于醇的溶液，其含有粘合剂，特别是聚合粘合剂诸如聚维酮或羟丙基纤维素，且可以含有其它组分，包括在本文中讨论的任意组分诸如烟草材料(例如，烟草提取物)、pH调节材料、甜味剂、调味剂和盐。所述粘合剂溶液通常具有约5％至约20％(w/w)的固体含量，且优选的溶剂包括水和乙醇。在某些情况下，所述粘合剂溶液的粘合剂组分是烟草提取物，具体地是高度浓缩的烟草提取物(例如，具有至少约20％或至少约50％的固体含量的水提取物)。The binder solution used in the granulation process may be any aqueous or alcohol-based solution containing a binder, especially a polymeric binder such as povidone or hydroxypropyl cellulose, and may contain other Components, including any components discussed herein such as tobacco material (eg, tobacco extract), pH adjusting material, sweeteners, flavoring agents, and salt. The binder solution typically has a solids content of from about 5% to about 20% (w/w), and preferred solvents include water and ethanol. In some cases, the binder component of the binder solution is a tobacco extract, specifically a highly concentrated tobacco extract (e.g., water with a solids content of at least about 20% or at least about 50%). Extract).
如上面所指出的，在某些实施方案中，将酸/碱泡腾组合加入到产品中以进一步增强泡腾效应。例如，可以将酸(诸如柠檬酸)加入到造粒混合物中，且可以将碱(诸如碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠)加入到粘合剂溶液中。可替换地，将酸组分加入到粘合剂溶液中，并将碱组分加入到造粒混合物中。As noted above, in certain embodiments, an acid/base effervescent combination is added to the product to further enhance the effervescent effect. For example, an acid such as citric acid may be added to the granulation mixture and a base such as sodium carbonate or bicarbonate may be added to the binder solution. Alternatively, the acid component is added to the binder solution and the base component is added to the granulation mixture.
在造粒以后，有利地将所述颗粒干燥，通常至小于约7.0重量％、更典型地小于约6.5重量％、和经常小于约6.0重量％(例如，约4.0重量％至约7.0重量％的范围)的水分水平。一个示例性的水分水平是约5.5重量％。After granulation, the granules are advantageously dried, usually to less than about 7.0 wt%, more typically less than about 6.5 wt%, and often less than about 6.0 wt% (e.g., about 4.0 wt% to about 7.0 wt% range) moisture level. An exemplary moisture level is about 5.5% by weight.
然后将干燥的颗粒与无烟烟草产品的其它期望的组分掺合，所述其它期望的组分包括气化糖材料和任选的一种或多种粘合剂、填充剂、甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂、流动助剂或其它组分。使用造粒机或任意其它混合装置，可以完成造粒材料与其它成分的掺合。然后任选地使用常规压片技术，压制最终的掺合材料。可替换地，可以将掺合材料与其它粘合剂(诸如糖醇糖浆)混合并挤出成期望的产品形状。The dried particles are then blended with other desired components of the smokeless tobacco product including gasified sugar material and optionally one or more binders, fillers, sweeteners , flavoring, coloring, flow aid or other components. Blending of the granulated material with the other ingredients can be accomplished using a granulator or any other mixing device. The final blended material is then optionally compressed using conventional tabletting techniques. Alternatively, the blended material can be mixed with other binders such as sugar alcohol syrup and extruded into the desired product shape.
在一种替代性的造粒方法中，所述粉末组分基本上或完全不含有烟草组分，而是主要包含非烟草填充材料(例如，糖醇粉末、微晶纤维素粉末、甜菜纤维和它们的组合)，诸如至少约20重量％或至少约30重量％的这样的非烟草填充材料。所述粘合剂溶液可以含有烟草提取物(例如，具有至少约40％的固体重量百分比的烟草提取物)作为主要粘合剂组分。In an alternative granulation method, the powder component is substantially or completely free of tobacco components, but consists essentially of non-tobacco filler materials (e.g., sugar alcohol powder, microcrystalline cellulose powder, sugar beet fiber and combinations thereof), such as at least about 20% or at least about 30% by weight of such non-tobacco filler material. The binder solution may contain tobacco extract (eg, tobacco extract having a solids weight percent of at least about 40%) as the primary binder component.
在一种替代性的方法中，在所述无烟烟草组合物内原位形成所述气化糖材料。在该方法中，将包括至少一种糖材料(例如，糖替代物诸如糖醇或糖醇的混合物)的干粉成分混合，并加热以形成熔化的液体材料。例如，可以将主要含有异麦芽酮糖醇的混合物加热至约140-145℃(在环境压力或在真空下)以形成熔化组合物。所述熔化组合物的确切温度将随组成而变化，但是通常高于糖材料的硬裂阶段。所述熔化材料还通常含有烟草材料(例如，微粒烟草材料或烟草提取物)和一种或多种任选的成分，诸如本文讨论的那些中的任一种(例如，盐、天然甜味剂、人工甜味剂、有机和无机填充剂、粘合剂、pH调节剂或缓冲剂、着色剂、保湿剂、口腔护理添加剂、防腐剂、糖浆、崩解或压缩助剂、调味和矫味混合物、脂质诸如可熔化的脂肪或油、抗氧化剂和它们的混合物)。在将所述组合物维持在熔化形式(例如，将熔化材料维持在至少约100℃或至少约125℃的温度下)的同时，将水源引入熔化组合物中，通常同时剧烈搅拌或搅动熔化材料。In an alternative approach, the gasified sugar material is formed in situ within the smokeless tobacco composition. In this method, dry powder ingredients including at least one sugar material (eg, a sugar substitute such as a sugar alcohol or mixture of sugar alcohols) are mixed and heated to form a molten liquid material. For example, a mixture consisting essentially of isomalt may be heated to about 140-145°C (at ambient pressure or under vacuum) to form a molten composition. The exact temperature at which the composition is melted will vary with composition, but is generally above the hard crack stage of the sugar material. The molten material also typically contains tobacco material (e.g., particulate tobacco material or tobacco extract) and one or more optional ingredients, such as any of those discussed herein (e.g., salt, natural sweetener , artificial sweeteners, organic and inorganic fillers, binders, pH regulators or buffers, colorants, humectants, oral care additives, preservatives, syrups, disintegration or compression aids, flavoring and flavoring mixtures , lipids such as meltable fats or oils, antioxidants and mixtures thereof). While maintaining the composition in molten form (e.g., maintaining the molten material at a temperature of at least about 100°C or at least about 125°C), a source of water is introduced into the molten composition, usually while vigorously stirring or agitating the molten material .
所述水源和所述熔化材料之间的接触会产生通常以大声爆裂声音为特征的剧烈反应，因为熔化材料被快速地冷却成晶体样基质。尽管不受任何特定工作理论约束，据信，通过添加水源来突然冷却熔化材料，会导致不同气体被捕集在固化的结晶基质中。Contact between the water source and the molten material produces a violent reaction, often characterized by a loud popping sound, as the molten material is rapidly cooled into a crystal-like matrix. While not being bound by any particular theory of operation, it is believed that sudden cooling of the molten material by adding a water source results in the trapping of various gases in the solidified crystalline matrix.
所述水源可以是纯水或水溶液，诸如含有一种或多种pH调节或缓冲材料(例如，碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐)的溶液。水源可以是在室温或冷却至低于室温的温度。在某些实施方案中，所述水源是呈冰的形式。所述水源的一个示例性的温度范围是约0℃至约25℃(例如，约0℃至约15℃)。The water source can be pure water or an aqueous solution, such as a solution containing one or more pH adjusting or buffering materials (eg, carbonates or bicarbonates). The water source can be at room temperature or cooled to a temperature below room temperature. In certain embodiments, the water source is in the form of ice. An exemplary temperature range for the water source is from about 0°C to about 25°C (eg, from about 0°C to about 15°C).
熔化材料组分的混合和熔化材料与水源的混合可以发生在任意合适的混合容器中，通常使用这样的容器：其配备搅动器或搅拌器且能够向容器的内容物施加真空。示例性的容器也包括用于加热和隔离容器的内容物的装置(例如，带夹套的容器)。原位气体捕集过程以后，可以对得到的固化材料进行不同的加工步骤，诸如过滤、冷却、干燥等。The mixing of the molten material components and the mixing of the molten material with the water source may take place in any suitable mixing vessel, typically a vessel equipped with an agitator or stirrer and capable of applying a vacuum to the contents of the vessel. Exemplary vessels also include means for heating and insulating the contents of the vessel (eg, jacketed vessels). After the in situ gas capture process, the resulting solidified material can be subjected to different processing steps, such as filtering, cooling, drying, etc.
所述无烟烟草产品可以包括任选的外包衣，所述外包衣可以帮助提高本发明的无烟烟草产品的储存稳定性以及通过减少脆碎度和粉化而改善包装过程。The smokeless tobacco product can include an optional outer coating that can help improve the storage stability of the smokeless tobacco product of the present invention as well as improve the packaging process by reducing friability and dusting.
所述包衣通常包含成膜聚合物(诸如纤维质聚合物)、任选的塑化剂和任选的调味剂、着色剂、盐、甜味剂或本文所述类型的其它组分。所述包衣组合物通常在性质上是水性的，且可以使用本领域已知的任何丸粒或片剂包衣技术(诸如锅包衣)来施用。示例性成膜聚合物包括：纤维质聚合物诸如甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟乙基纤维素和羧基甲基纤维素。示例性塑化剂包括单硬脂酸甘油酯和柠檬酸三乙酯的水溶液或乳状液。The coating typically comprises a film-forming polymer such as a cellulosic polymer, an optional plasticizer, and optionally a flavoring, coloring, salt, sweetening agent or other component of the type described herein. The coating composition is typically aqueous in nature and can be applied using any pellet or tablet coating technique known in the art, such as pan coating. Exemplary film-forming polymers include: cellulosic polymers such as methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose. Exemplary plasticizers include aqueous solutions or emulsions of glyceryl monostearate and triethyl citrate.
使用本领域已知的温度受控的丸粒或片剂包衣技术，也可以施加非水性包衣。非水性包衣的例子包括植物油制起酥油、棕榈仁油或脂肪、可可脂、可可脂代用品或替代物、塑化剂(例如，单硬脂酸甘油酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇)和乳化剂(例如，卵磷脂、硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠、聚山梨酯20-80)和它们的混合物。Non-aqueous coatings may also be applied using temperature-controlled pellet or tablet coating techniques known in the art. Examples of non-aqueous coatings include vegetable oil shortening, palm kernel oil or fat, cocoa butter, cocoa butter substitutes or substitutes, plasticizers (e.g., glyceryl monostearate, triethyl citrate, glycerin, Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol) and emulsifiers (eg, lecithin, sodium stearoyl lactyl lactylate, polysorbate 20-80) and mixtures thereof.
在一个实施方案中，所述包衣组合物包含：至多约75重量％的成膜聚合物溶液(例如，约40重量％至约70重量％，基于包衣制剂的总重量)、至多约5重量％的塑化剂(例如，约0.5重量％至约2重量％)、至多约5重量％的甜味剂(例如，约0.5重量％至约2重量％)、至多约10重量％的一种或多种着色剂(例如，约1重量％至约5重量％)、至多约5重量％的一种或多种调味剂(例如，约0.5重量％至约3重量％)、至多约2重量％的盐诸如NaCl(例如，约0.1重量％至约1重量％)和平衡水。In one embodiment, the coating composition comprises: up to about 75% by weight of a film-forming polymer solution (eg, from about 40% to about 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating formulation), up to about 5 % by weight of a plasticizer (e.g., from about 0.5% by weight to about 2% by weight), up to about 5% by weight of a sweetener (e.g., from about 0.5% by weight to about 2% by weight), up to about 10% by weight of a One or more coloring agents (for example, from about 1% by weight to about 5% by weight), one or more flavoring agents (for example, from about 0.5% by weight to about 3% by weight) at most about 5% by weight, at most about 2% by weight % by weight salt such as NaCl (eg, about 0.1% to about 1% by weight) and balance water.
为了防止丸粒中的泡腾材料的过早反应，可以控制将水性包衣组合物施加于丸粒上的速率。例如，在一个实施方案中，对于25磅批次的丸粒，将在锅包衣机中包衣材料向丸粒的施加速率维持在小于约55g包衣组合物/min、更典型地小于约50g/min的速率。In order to prevent premature reaction of the effervescent material in the pellets, the rate at which the aqueous coating composition is applied to the pellets can be controlled. For example, in one embodiment, for a 25 lb batch of pellets, the rate of application of the coating material to the pellets in the pan coater is maintained at less than about 55 g coating composition/min, more typically less than about 50g/min rate.
在一个实施方案中，所述包衣组合物包含：至多约75重量％的成膜聚合物溶液(例如，约40重量％至约70重量％，基于包衣制剂的总重量)、至多约5重量％的塑化剂(例如，约0.5重量％至约2重量％)、至多约5重量％的甜味剂(例如，约0.5重量％至约2重量％)、至多约10重量％的一种或多种着色剂(例如，约1重量％至约5重量％)、至多约5重量％的一种或多种调味剂(例如，约0.5重量％至约3重量％)、至多约2重量％的盐诸如NaCl(例如，约0.1重量％至约1重量％)和平衡水。In one embodiment, the coating composition comprises: up to about 75% by weight of a film-forming polymer solution (eg, from about 40% to about 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating formulation), up to about 5 % by weight of a plasticizer (e.g., from about 0.5% by weight to about 2% by weight), up to about 5% by weight of a sweetener (e.g., from about 0.5% by weight to about 2% by weight), up to about 10% by weight of a One or more coloring agents (for example, from about 1% by weight to about 5% by weight), one or more flavoring agents (for example, from about 0.5% by weight to about 3% by weight) at most about 5% by weight, at most about 2% by weight % by weight salt such as NaCl (eg, about 0.1% to about 1% by weight) and balance water.
为了防止丸粒中的泡腾材料的过早反应，可以控制将水性包衣组合物施加于丸粒上的速率。例如，在一个实施方案中，对于25磅批次的丸粒，将在锅包衣机中包衣材料向丸粒的施加速率维持在小于约55g包衣组合物/min、更典型地小于约50g/min的速率。In order to prevent premature reaction of the effervescent material in the pellets, the rate at which the aqueous coating composition is applied to the pellets can be controlled. For example, in one embodiment, for a 25 lb batch of pellets, the rate of application of the coating material to the pellets in the pan coater is maintained at less than about 55 g coating composition/min, more typically less than about 50g/min rate.
在任选的包衣以后，可以将所述无烟产品干燥至最终的需要的水分水平。无烟烟草产品在被消费者使用之前的含水量可以变化。通常，在插入使用者嘴中之前，存在于单个产品单元内的无烟烟草产品的含水量是在约2重量％至约6重量％(例如，约4％)范围内，基于产品单元的总重量。产品的最终水分的控制对于储存稳定性而言可以是重要的。After optional coating, the smokeless product can be dried to the final desired moisture level. The moisture content of smokeless tobacco products can vary prior to consumption by consumers. Typically, the moisture content of the smokeless tobacco product present within an individual product unit is in the range of about 2% to about 6% (e.g., about 4%) by weight, based on the total weight of the product unit, prior to insertion into the user's mouth. weight. Control of the final moisture of the product can be important for storage stability.
用于控制烟草产品的含水量的方式可以变化。例如，可以对烟草产品进行热加热或对流加热。作为具体的例子，制剂可在温暖的空气中被烤炉干燥，温度为约40℃至约95℃，优选的温度范围为约60℃至约80℃，持续适当的时间长度以获得期望的含水量。可替换地，可使用下述设备加湿烟草制剂：回潮筒(casing drum)、调理(conditioning)桶或筒、液体喷雾装置、带式掺和器、可作为FKM130、FKM600、FKM1200、FKM2000和FKM3000从Littleford Day，Inc.获得的混合器、Plough Share类型混合桶等。The means used to control the moisture content of tobacco products can vary. For example, the tobacco product may be heated thermally or convectively. As a specific example, the formulation may be oven dried in warm air at a temperature of about 40°C to about 95°C, preferably in the range of about 60°C to about 80°C, for an appropriate length of time to obtain the desired water volume. Alternatively, the following equipment can be used to humidify the tobacco formulation: a casing drum, a conditioning barrel or cylinder, a liquid spray device, a belt blender, available as FKM130, FKM600, FKM1200, FKM2000 and FKM3000 from Littleford Day, Inc. Acquired Mixers, Plow Share Type Mixing Buckets, and more.
经常以pH的方式表征的无烟烟草产品的酸度或碱度可以变化。通常，该制剂的pH为至少约6.5，和优选地为至少约7.5。通常，该制剂的pH不超过约9.5，并经常不超过约9.0。代表性的烟草制剂显示约6.8至约8.8(例如，约7.4至约8.2)的pH。用于测定无烟烟草制剂的pH的代表性技术包括：将5g的该制剂分散在100ml高效液相色谱水中，并测量得到的混悬液/溶液的pH(例如，用pH计)。Smokeless tobacco products, often characterized in terms of pH, can vary in acidity or alkalinity. Typically, the pH of the formulation is at least about 6.5, and preferably at least about 7.5. Typically, the pH of the formulation will not exceed about 9.5, and often will not exceed about 9.0. Representative tobacco formulations exhibit a pH of about 6.8 to about 8.8 (eg, about 7.4 to about 8.2). A representative technique for determining the pH of a smokeless tobacco formulation involves dispersing 5 g of the formulation in 100 ml of high performance liquid chromatography water and measuring the pH of the resulting suspension/solution (eg, with a pH meter).
在某些实施方案中，将本发明的无烟烟草组合物包含在药袋或袋内，尽管药袋对于一些实施方案而言可以是不必要的。例如，具有烟草丸粒形式或已经针对单一应用设定大小的其它加工形式的烟草制剂可能不需要以药袋形式包容。相反，可以将丸粒或其它加工形式的烟草制剂简单地包装在外容器中，无需使用药袋来将烟草制剂分隔成各个使用尺寸。In certain embodiments, the smokeless tobacco compositions of the present invention are contained within a pouch or bag, although a pouch may not be necessary for some embodiments. For example, tobacco formulations in the form of tobacco pellets or other processed forms that have been sized for a single application may not need to be contained in pouches. Instead, pellets or other processed forms of tobacco formulation can be simply packaged in the outer container without the use of pouches to separate the tobacco formulation into individual use sizes.
适合用于制备无烟烟草产品的类型的袋、药袋或容器可在商业名称Taboka、CatchDry、Ettan、General、Granit、Goteborgs Rape、GrovsnusWhite、Metropol Kaktus、Mocca Anis、Mocca Mint、Mocca Wintergreen、Kicks、Probe、Prince、Skruf、TreAnkrare、CAMEL Snus Original、CAMELSnus Frost和CAMEL Snus Spice下得到。所述烟草制剂可以被包含在药袋中，并以用于制备常规snus型产品的方式和使用用于制备常规snus型产品的组分类型进行包装。所述药袋或羊毛状物会提供液体可透过的类型的容器，其可以被视作在特性上类似于用于构建茶袋的网样类型的材料。松散排列的颗粒状烟草制剂的组分会容易地扩散穿过药袋并进入使用者的嘴中。Pouches, pouches or containers of the type suitable for use in the preparation of smokeless tobacco products are available under the trade names Taboka, CatchDry, Ettan, General, Granit, Goteborgs Rape, GrovsnusWhite, Metropol Kaktus, Mocca Anis, Mocca Mint, Mocca Wintergreen, Kicks, Obtained under Probe, Prince, Skruf, TreAnkrare, CAMEL Snus Original, CAMELSnus Frost and CAMEL Snus Spice. The tobacco formulation may be contained in pouches and packaged in the manner and using the types of components used to make conventional snus-type products. The sachet or fleece would provide a liquid permeable type of container which can be considered similar in properties to the mesh-like type of material used to construct tea bags. Components of the loosely arranged particulate tobacco formulation will readily diffuse through the pouch and into the user's mouth.
snus型产品及其部件的不同组分的描述也阐述在Lundin等人的美国专利申请公开号2004/0118422中，其通过引用并入本文。也参见，例如，Linden的美国专利号4,607,479；Nielsen的美国专利号4,631,899；Wydick等人的美国专利号5,346,734；和Derr的美国专利号6,162,516，和Hansson等人的美国专利申请公开号2005/0061339；它们中的每一篇通过引用并入本文。也参见，在Kjerstad的美国专利号5,167,244(其通过引用并入本文)中阐述的药袋和药袋材料或羊毛状物的代表类型。使用设备诸如可作为SB51-1/T、SBL 50和SB 53-2/T从Merz Verpackungmaschinen GmBH得到的设备，可以制备snus型产品。可以将Snus药袋提供为单个药袋，或者可以将多个药袋(例如，2个、4个、5个、10个、12个、15个、20个、25个或30个药袋)连接或连锁在一起(例如，以端对端方式)，使得单个药袋或单一部分可以从药袋的单条链或基质容易地取下备用。A description of the different components of snus-type products and components thereof is also set forth in Lundin et al., US Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0118422, which is incorporated herein by reference. See also, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4,607,479 to Linden; U.S. Patent No. 4,631,899 to Nielsen; U.S. Patent No. 5,346,734 to Wydick et al; Each of them is incorporated herein by reference. See also, representative types of pouches and pouch materials or fleeces set forth in US Patent No. 5,167,244 to Kjerstad, which is incorporated herein by reference. Snus-type products can be prepared using equipment such as those available as SB51-1/T, SBL 50 and SB 53-2/T from Merz Verpackungmaschinen GmBH. Snus pouches can be supplied as a single pouch, or as multiple pouches (e.g., 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, or 30 pouches) Linked or interlocked together (eg, in an end-to-end fashion) such that a single pouch or single portion can be easily removed from a single strand or matrix of pouches for ready use.
本发明的一种示例性的无烟烟草产品10阐述在图1中，该图描绘了包封烟草组合物14(例如，含有任选的另外的成分的微粒烟草材料)的药袋12，所述烟草组合物14具有分散在其中的微粒气化糖材料16。如上面所指出的，本发明的无烟烟草产品可以以其它形式使用，包括压制的丸粒或挤出的片或杆形式。An exemplary smokeless tobacco product 10 of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. The tobacco composition 14 has particulate gasified sugar material 16 dispersed therein. As noted above, the smokeless tobacco products of the present invention may be used in other forms, including compressed pellets or extruded sheet or rod forms.
所述无烟烟草产品可以包装在任意合适的内包装材料和/或外部容器内。也参见，例如，在下述文献中阐述的无烟型产品的各类容器：Henson等人的美国专利号7,014,039；Kutsch等人的美国专利号7,537,110；Kutsch等人的美国专利号7,584,843；Thiellier的美国专利号D592,956，和Patel等人的美国专利号D594,154；Robinson等人的美国专利公开号2008/0173317；Clark等人的美国专利公开号2009/0014343；Bjorkholm的美国专利公开号2009/0014450；Bellamah等人的美国专利公开号2009/0250360；Gelardi等人的美国专利公开号2009/0266837；Gelardi的美国专利公开号2009/0223989；Thiellier的美国专利公开号2009/0230003；Gelardi的美国专利公开号2010/0084424；和Bailey等人的美国专利公开号2010/0133140；和2009年8月20日提交的Bailey等人的美国专利申请系列号29/342,212；2009年4月16日提交的Bailey等人的美国专利申请系列号12/425,180；2010年1月12日提交的Bailey等人的美国专利申请系列号12/685,819；和2010年6月11日提交的Gelardi等人的美国专利申请系列号12/814,015，它们通过引用并入本文。The smokeless tobacco product may be packaged within any suitable inner packaging material and/or outer container. See also, for example, various containers of smokeless products set forth in: U.S. Patent No. 7,014,039 to Henson et al.; U.S. Patent No. 7,537,110 to Kutsch et al.; U.S. Patent No. 7,584,843 to Kutsch et al.; Patent No. D592,956, and U.S. Patent No. D594,154 to Patel et al; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0173317 to Robinson et al; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0014343 to Clark et al; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/ 0014450; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0250360 to Bellamah et al.; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0266837 to Gelardi et al.; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0223989 to Gelardi; Publication No. 2010/0084424; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0133140 to Bailey et al.; and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 29/342,212 to Bailey et al., filed August 20, 2009; and Bailey et al., filed April 16, 2009 U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/425,180 to Bailey et al., filed January 12, 2010; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/685,819 to Bailey et al., filed January 12, 2010; and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. Gelardi et al., filed June 11, 2010 No. 12/814,015, which is incorporated herein by reference.
实验部分Experimental part
下列实施例更充分地解释本发明的方面，阐述所述实施例是为了阐明本发明的某些方面，而不解释为对其限制。除非另外指出，所有份数和百分数按重量计。Aspects of the invention are more fully explained by the following examples, which are set forth to illustrate certain aspects of the invention and are not to be construed as limitations thereof. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
实施例1Example 1
制备了掺入二氧化碳灌注晶体的无烟烟草组合物。通过首先形成如在表1中所述配制的干粉掺合物和湿掺合物，制备组合物。Smokeless tobacco compositions incorporating carbon dioxide infused crystals were prepared. Compositions were prepared by first forming dry powder blends and wet blends formulated as described in Table 1.
表1Table 1
通过称出所述干粉掺合物并在混合器(例如，混合器，型号KSM5,St.Joseph,MI)中在低至中速度(位置1-2)混合5min，制备所述组合物。在烧杯中，将氯化钠和氢氧化钠在搅拌下溶解在水中。将k29/32聚维酮缓慢地加入到烧杯中，继续混合/搅拌，直到聚维酮完全分散(约30min)。在低速度混合的同时，使用雾化器将湿掺合物喷洒于在混合器中的干粉掺合物上。一旦形成豌豆样块或附聚物，就停止混合。将附聚物转移进强制热气干燥箱中，并在约82℃下干燥30-45min达到约5-6重量％湿度，此后将附聚物冷却至环境温度，并通过筛选分离成3种颗粒尺寸(<150微米、150-500微米和>500微米)。将150-500微米颗粒与类似微米尺寸的得自Raven Manufacturing,LLC(Neenah,WI)的CO2灌注晶体混合(以2份颗粒:1份晶体的重量比)。将得到的产物转移至由Merz Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH生产的装袋机，并将400-600mg部分装袋进枕头形羊毛状物药袋中。当引入嘴中时，药袋产品的内容物会溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。By weighing out the dry powder blend and placing it in a mixer (e.g., The compositions were prepared by mixing in a mixer, model KSM5, St. Joseph, MI) at low to medium speed (position 1-2) for 5 min. In a beaker, dissolve the sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide in the water with stirring. Will Slowly add povidone k29/32 into the beaker and continue mixing/stirring until the povidone is completely dispersed (about 30min). While mixing at low speed, use an atomizer to spray the wet blend onto the dry powder blend in the mixer. Mixing was stopped once pea-like lumps or agglomerates formed. The agglomerates were transferred into a forced hot air drying oven and dried at about 82°C for 30-45 min to about 5-6 wt% humidity, after which the agglomerates were cooled to ambient temperature and separated into 3 particle sizes by sieving (<150 microns, 150-500 microns and >500 microns). The 150-500 micron particles were mixed with similar micron-sizedCO2 -infused crystals from Raven Manufacturing, LLC (Neenah, WI) (at a weight ratio of 2 parts particle:1 part crystal). The resulting product was transferred to a bagging machine manufactured by Merz Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH, and 400-600 mg portions were bagged into pillow-shaped fleece pouches. When introduced into the mouth, the contents of the sachet product dissolve and produce a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例2Example 2
除了使用下面表2的配方以外，以与实施例1类似的方式，制备掺入二氧化碳灌注晶体的第二种无烟烟草组合物。将微晶纤维素、碳酸氢钠和碳酸钠引入干粉掺合物中。将柠檬酸引入湿掺合物中，替代氢氧化钠。A second smokeless tobacco composition incorporating carbon dioxide infused crystals was prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 except using the formulation in Table 2 below. Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate were introduced into the dry powder blend. Citric acid was introduced into the wet blend in place of sodium hydroxide.
表2Table 2
以与实施例1所述相同的方式造粒以后，使用格网模具将颗粒穿过挤出机(例如，MG-55型挤出机,Fuji Paudal Co.Ltd,Tokyo,日本)挤出成短头发样杆。使用球形造粒机(例如，型号QJ-230-T,Fuji Paudal Co.Ltd,Tokyo,日本)，将所述杆进一步整形成球体或珠子。最后将所述珠子以1:1比率与类似大小的CO2晶体混合，然后装袋。当引入嘴中时，药袋产品的内容物会溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。After pelletizing in the same manner as described in Example 1, the pellets were extruded through an extruder (for example, MG-55 type extruder, Fuji Paudal Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) into short Hair sample rod. The rods are further shaped into spheres or beads using a spherical pelletizer (eg, model QJ-230-T, Fuji Paudal Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Finally the beads were mixed with similar sizedCO2 crystals in a 1:1 ratio and bagged. When introduced into the mouth, the contents of the sachet product dissolve and produce a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例3Example 3
除了使用下面表3的配方以外，以与实施例1类似的方式，制备掺入二氧化碳灌注晶体的第三种无烟烟草组合物。在干粉掺合物中分别使用甜菜纤维和碳酸钙替代K29/32and碳酸钠。对于湿掺合物，用浓缩的烟草提取物(50％w/v)替代K29/32。A third smokeless tobacco composition incorporating carbon dioxide infused crystals was prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 except using the formulation in Table 3 below. Beet Fiber and Calcium Carbonate Replacement Separately in Dry Powder Blends K29/32and sodium carbonate. For wet blends, substitute concentrated tobacco extract (50% w/v) K29/32.
表3table 3
如在实施例1中所述进行造粒。将颗粒干燥至6重量％湿度以后，将得到的颗粒以1:1比率与CO2晶体混合。将混合物与作为粘合剂的麦芽糖醇糖浆混合，并用螺旋机挤出，成形，并切成丸粒、小块、立方体、圆柱体或头发样杆。如在实施例1中所述，将丸粒或杆装袋。当引入嘴中时，药袋产品的内容物会溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。Granulation was performed as described in Example 1. After drying the granules to 6 wt% humidity, the resulting granules were mixed withCO2 crystals in a 1:1 ratio. The mixture is mixed with maltitol syrup as a binder and extruded with a screw machine, shaped and cut into pellets, cubes, cubes, cylinders or hair-like rods. Pellets or rods were bagged as described in Example 1. When introduced into the mouth, the contents of the sachet product dissolve and produce a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例4Example 4
遵循与实施例3类似的方案，但是用赤藓糖醇粉末替代磨碎的烟草，以降低如在实施例3的药袋产品中所观察到的终产品的粘稠度。下面的表4给出了配方细节。A similar protocol to Example 3 was followed, but erythritol powder was used instead of ground tobacco to reduce the consistency of the final product as observed in the sachet product of Example 3. Table 4 below gives formulation details.
表4Table 4
当引入嘴中时，药袋产品的内容物会溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。When introduced into the mouth, the contents of the sachet product dissolve and produce a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例5Example 5
制备掺入冰晶(替代实施例1-4的CO2灌注晶体)的无烟烟草组合物。在下面表5中阐述了配方。Smokeless tobacco compositions incorporating ice crystals (instead of theCO2 infused crystals of Examples 1-4) were prepared. The formulations are set forth in Table 5 below.
表5table 5
使用混合器(例如，Hobart混合器，型号A-200T,Hobart Corporation,Troy,OH)在低速度(位置1-2)将干粉掺合物成分混合5-10min。将混合物转移进带夹套的不锈钢蒸煮容器(例如，Motor Master 20K系列水壶,Process Systems,Inc.,Park Ridge,IL)中，所述容器配有垂直插入的搅拌设备和抽真空系统。将水壶的盖子封闭，并真空密封，同时连续地搅拌混合物。将水壶内容物在140-145℃(300-350°F)下加热成熔化物(液体)，并在连续搅拌下在140-145℃下保持10min。释放真空，并将液体冷却至125-130℃。然后，经由盖子上的小开口将冰晶缓慢地引入所述容器中，同时将内容物剧烈混合或搅拌。冰晶向容器中的引入会导致剧烈的反应(大声的连续爆裂声音)。在5-10min以后停止混合，取决于反应声音。打开容器，使它的内容物应变，并将得到的固体晶体样基质在环境条件(例如，20-25℃和25-31％RH)下干燥30-60min。当引入嘴中时，所述晶体样材料溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。The dry powder blend ingredients were mixed for 5-10 min using a mixer (eg, Hobart mixer, Model A-200T, Hobart Corporation, Troy, OH) at low speed (positions 1-2). The mixture was transferred into a jacketed stainless steel cooking vessel (eg, Motor Master 20K series kettle, Process Systems, Inc., Park Ridge, IL) equipped with a vertically inserted stirring device and a vacuum system. The lid of the jug was closed and vacuum sealed while stirring the mixture continuously. The kettle contents were heated to a melt (liquid) at 140-145°C (300-350°F) and held at 140-145°C for 10 min with continuous stirring. The vacuum was released and the liquid cooled to 125-130°C. Ice crystals were then slowly introduced into the container through a small opening in the lid while the contents were vigorously mixed or stirred. The introduction of ice crystals into the container resulted in a violent reaction (loud continuous popping sound). Mixing was stopped after 5-10 min, depending on the sound of the reaction. The container is opened, its contents strained, and the resulting solid crystal-like matrix is dried at ambient conditions (eg, 20-25° C. and 25-31 % RH) for 30-60 min. When introduced into the mouth, the crystal-like material dissolves and produces a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例6Example 6
按照与实施5类似的方案，但是用50％固体(w/v)浓缩的烟草提取物替代磨碎的烟草。下面表6给出了配方细节。A similar protocol to Example 5 was followed, but ground tobacco was replaced with 50% solids (w/v) concentrated tobacco extract. Table 6 below gives formulation details.
表6Table 6
当引入嘴中时，所述晶体样材料溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。When introduced into the mouth, the crystal-like material dissolves and produces a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例7Example 7
遵循与实施例6类似的方案，但是用冷水或冷冻水(5℃)作为湿掺合物来替代冰晶。下面的表7给出了配方细节。A similar protocol to Example 6 was followed, but cold or chilled water (5°C) was used as wet admixture instead of ice crystals. Table 7 below gives formulation details.
表7Table 7
当引入嘴中时，所述晶体样材料溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。When introduced into the mouth, the crystal-like material dissolves and produces a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例8Example 8
实施例8遵循与实施例7类似的方案，但是使用碳酸氢钠溶液替代冷冻水。下面的表8给出了配方细节。Example 8 followed a similar protocol to Example 7, but using sodium bicarbonate solution instead of chilled water. Table 8 below gives formulation details.
表8Table 8
首先将干粉掺合物在高压釜烘箱(在125℃,21psi压力)中熔化30min，然后转移进Motor Master水壶中以促进熔化。引入水壶中以后，将内容物保持在125℃下，然后加入碳酸氢盐溶液。当引入嘴中时，所述晶体样材料溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。The dry powder blend was first melted in an autoclave oven (at 125°C, 21 psi pressure) for 30 min and then transferred into a Motor Master jug to facilitate melting. After introduction into the kettle, the contents were kept at 125°C before the bicarbonate solution was added. When introduced into the mouth, the crystal-like material dissolves and produces a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例9Example 9
实施例9遵循与实施例8类似的方案，但是将柠檬酸引入干粉掺合物中以便促进释放和空气或CO2在最终晶体基质中的捕集。下面表9给出了配方细节。Example 9 follows a similar protocol to Example 8, but introduces citric acid into the dry powder blend in order to facilitate release and trapping of air orCO2 in the final crystal matrix. Table 9 below gives formulation details.
表9Table 9
当引入嘴中时，所述晶体样材料溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。When introduced into the mouth, the crystal-like material dissolves and produces a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例10Example 10
实施例10遵循与实施例9类似的方案，但是将棕榈仁脂肪、红花油和甘油引入干粉掺合物中，以便降低终产品的溶出速率。下面表10给出了配方细节。Example 10 follows a similar protocol to Example 9, but palm kernel fat, safflower oil, and glycerin are introduced into the dry powder blend in order to reduce the dissolution rate of the final product. Table 10 below gives formulation details.
表10Table 10
当引入嘴中时，所述晶体样材料溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。When introduced into the mouth, the crystal-like material dissolves and produces a tingling or effervescent sensation.
实施例11Example 11
实施例11遵循与实施例10类似的方案，但是分别用可可脂/脂肪和植物油制起酥油替代棕榈仁脂肪和红花油。下面表11给出了配方细节。Example 11 followed a similar protocol to Example 10, but substituting cocoa butter/fat and vegetable oil shortening for palm kernel fat and safflower oil, respectively. Table 11 below gives formulation details.
表11Table 11
当引入嘴中时，所述晶体样材料溶解并产生麻刺感或泡腾样感觉。When introduced into the mouth, the crystal-like material dissolves and produces a tingling or effervescent sensation.
具有在前述描述中提供的教导益处的本发明所属领域的技术人员将想到本发明的许多修改和其它实施方案。因此，应当理解，本发明不限于公开的具体实施方案，并且修改和其它实施方案意图被包括在所附权利要求的范围内。尽管本文采用了特定的术语，但是它们仅以一般性的和描述性的含义使用，而不用于限制的目的。Many modifications and other embodiments of this invention will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains having the benefit of the teachings provided in the foregoing description. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/325,765 | 2011-12-14 | ||
| US13/325,765US10881132B2 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Smokeless tobacco product comprising effervescent composition |
| PCT/US2012/069147WO2013090366A2 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2012-12-12 | Smokeless tobacco product comprising effervescent composition |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104039178A CN104039178A (en) | 2014-09-10 |
| CN104039178Btrue CN104039178B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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| US5165951A (en)* | 1991-09-16 | 1992-11-24 | Gallart Ramon E | Gasified candy, and process and apparatus for its manufacture |
| US20090214442A1 (en)* | 2006-12-01 | 2009-08-27 | Cephalon, Inc. | Oral Transmucosal Nicotine Dosage Form |
| US20100018539A1 (en)* | 2008-07-28 | 2010-01-28 | Paul Andrew Brinkley | Smokeless tobacco products and processes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4241092A (en)* | 1979-10-26 | 1980-12-23 | General Foods Corporation | Gasified candy dispersed in a matrix of sorbitol |
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| US20090214442A1 (en)* | 2006-12-01 | 2009-08-27 | Cephalon, Inc. | Oral Transmucosal Nicotine Dosage Form |
| US20100018539A1 (en)* | 2008-07-28 | 2010-01-28 | Paul Andrew Brinkley | Smokeless tobacco products and processes |
| US20110070286A1 (en)* | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Andreas Hugerth | Process for the manufacture of nicotine-comprising chewing gum and nicotine-comprising chewing gum manufactured according to said process |
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| US20230255257A1 (en) | Meltable smokeless tobacco composition |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| GR01 | Patent grant |