技术领域technical field
本发明属于移动通信技术领域，具体涉及一种移动通信基站接入用户的能效测量方法及资源调度方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and in particular relates to an energy efficiency measurement method and a resource scheduling method for accessing users of a mobile communication base station.
背景技术Background technique
移动通信网络呈现出数据吞吐率高速增长的趋势，而由于能源限制与节能的需求，相应消耗的功率不允许成比例增长，业界越来越关注能量的有效利用，衡量指标为能量效率。这就需要研究无线接入网络的能耗模型及测量方法，为此我们构建了移动通信基站网络的能耗模型并给出基站功率测量方法，从基站的角度考量能效问题是不够全面的，需要在此基础上从基站所服务的用户角度分析功率、能效问题；即需要测量用户终端消耗基站的功率，给出每个用户消耗基站的功率，结合用户的数据速率得到用户端传输的能效。该项指标比基站能效模型提供更多更细致的决策依据。可以反映出基站内部用户相关的模块、算法、对用户能效的影响，例如可以作为调度算法、接入控制的决策依据：给能效最优的用户分配资源等等。Mobile communication networks show a trend of high-speed growth in data throughput, but due to energy constraints and energy-saving requirements, the corresponding power consumption is not allowed to increase proportionally. The industry is paying more and more attention to the effective use of energy, and the measurement index is energy efficiency. This requires the study of the energy consumption model and measurement method of the wireless access network. For this reason, we have constructed the energy consumption model of the mobile communication base station network and given the base station power measurement method. It is not comprehensive enough to consider the energy efficiency problem from the perspective of the base station. On this basis, analyze power and energy efficiency issues from the perspective of users served by the base station; that is, it is necessary to measure the power consumed by the user terminal of the base station, give the power consumed by each user of the base station, and combine the data rate of the user to obtain the energy efficiency of user terminal transmission. This indicator provides more detailed decision-making basis than the base station energy efficiency model. It can reflect the user-related modules and algorithms inside the base station, and their impact on user energy efficiency. For example, it can be used as a decision basis for scheduling algorithms and access control: allocate resources to users with optimal energy efficiency, etc.
衡量能量效率的统一评价标准采用比特/焦耳(Bit/J)：The unified evaluation standard for measuring energy efficiency adopts bit/joule (Bit/J):
EEBit/J＝Nbit/EJ＝Rbps/PWEEBit/J ＝Nbit /EJ ＝Rbps /PW
其中Nbit为在终端上运行一组业务所直接获取的传输比特数，EJ为在业务运行期间基站网络设备的总能耗；一般采用该指标来作为衡量标准。等效于终端的数据速率Rbps与以该速率传输所消耗的功率PW的比值。Among them, Nbit is the number of transmission bits obtained directly by running a set of services on the terminal, and EJ is the total energy consumption of base station network equipment during service operation; this indicator is generally used as a measurement standard. It is equivalent to the ratio of the data rate Rbps of the terminal to the power PW consumed by transmission at this rate.
LTE(Long Term Evolution，长期演进计划)是在3G之后由3GPP标准化组织于2005年启动的新一代移动通信标准，是面向第四代移动通信(4G)的技术标准，分成FDD(Frequency Division Duplexing，频分双工)和TDD(Time Division Duplexing，时分双工)两种双工方式。TDD LTE中系统可传输信息的资源从时间和频率两个维度切分。调度的单位是时域TRB＝0.5ms、频域15KHz的物理资源块(RB)，系统的资源包含多个RB。基站内部的软件操作系统运行着移动通信标准规定的各层协议栈，其中包含系统的时频资源调度、分配的信息，以及基站的数据速率信息。LTE (Long Term Evolution, long-term evolution plan) is a new generation of mobile communication standard launched by the 3GPP standardization organization in 2005 after 3G. It is a technical standard for the fourth generation of mobile communication (4G). It is divided into FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing, Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplexing, Time Division Duplex) two duplex methods. In TDD LTE, the resources that the system can transmit information are segmented from two dimensions of time and frequency. The scheduling unit is a physical resource block (RB) with TRB =0.5 ms in the time domain and 15 KHz in the frequency domain, and system resources include multiple RBs. The software operating system inside the base station runs the protocol stacks of various layers stipulated by the mobile communication standard, which includes the time-frequency resource scheduling and allocation information of the system, as well as the data rate information of the base station.
在和基站功率相关的已有的专利中，《基站能耗模型建立方法、能耗预测方法及装置》CN103024761A给出用已有的功率数据回归分析模型的方法，用到多元线性回归与直线拟合算法；《网络能效指示方法、指示器及系统》CN101931986B这项专利给出一种面向众多基站组成的网络的能效计算方法，从已知每个基站的整体数据开始，进行网络内基站的数据处理、有效性验证、用户显示几部分。专利《移动通信基站能效评测方法及系统》CN101931979A给出用一个电表测量采集基站运行温度、整体功率方法。直接读数或者远程摄像头读数，整个测试流程不体现或具备分模块自动测试能力上报方法,本专利与其测量方法差异较大。专利《一种通信基站能耗管理系统》CN202907195U给出了一种对基站耗能数据的软件管理系统，包括发电、成本、电源设备监控、节能评估模块，这些操作都是整体性的，不涉及到基站内部具体功能模块，都未涉及基站内部功率怎么测量，因此无法实现最优的资源调度。Among the existing patents related to base station power, "Base Station Energy Consumption Model Establishment Method, Energy Consumption Prediction Method and Device" CN103024761A provides a method of using the existing power data regression analysis model, using multiple linear regression and linear approximation Combined algorithm; "Network Energy Efficiency Indication Method, Indicator and System" CN101931986B This patent provides an energy efficiency calculation method for a network composed of many base stations. Starting from the known overall data of each base station, the data of the base stations in the network is calculated. Processing, validity verification, and user display. The patent "Mobile Communication Base Station Energy Efficiency Evaluation Method and System" CN101931979A provides a method for measuring and collecting the operating temperature and overall power of a base station with an electric meter. Direct readings or remote camera readings, the entire test process does not reflect or have the reporting method of sub-module automatic test capabilities, and this patent is quite different from its measurement methods. The patent "A Communication Base Station Energy Consumption Management System" CN202907195U provides a software management system for base station energy consumption data, including power generation, cost, power supply equipment monitoring, and energy-saving evaluation modules. These operations are holistic and do not involve How to measure the internal power of the base station is not involved in the specific functional modules inside the base station, so optimal resource scheduling cannot be achieved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种移动通信基站接入用户的能效测量方法及资源调度方法。本发明给出了一种较为通用的基站功率模型，分成功率放大器(PA)、射频(RF)、数字基带(BB)、供电模块和制冷模块，功率放大器的作用是把低功率信号放大到某种频率下的远距离传输所要求的高功率；基带作用是上下采样过滤，数字预失真及信道差错检测处理；射频收发信机模块主要完成数模转换，射频调制解调，滤波放大等功能。而供电模块和制冷系统的功率是跟其他三个模块的功率相关的，当其他模块功耗增加的时候这三个模块的功耗会相应的变大。In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy efficiency measurement method and a resource scheduling method for mobile communication base station access users. The present invention provides a relatively general base station power model, which is divided into power amplifier (PA), radio frequency (RF), digital baseband (BB), power supply module and cooling module. The function of the power amplifier is to amplify low-power signals to a certain The high power required for long-distance transmission at various frequencies; the baseband function is up-down sampling filtering, digital pre-distortion and channel error detection processing; the radio frequency transceiver module mainly completes digital-to-analog conversion, radio frequency modulation and demodulation, filter amplification and other functions. The power of the power supply module and cooling system is related to the power of the other three modules. When the power consumption of other modules increases, the power consumption of these three modules will increase accordingly.
对于宏基站，PA和RF是针对于每一个天线的，也就是说每一个PA对应一个天线；数字基带是针对每个扇区的；本发明中的数字功率计测量的射频模块功率为所有射频模块功率之和；同样的，所测功放模块功率为所有功放模块功率之和。而供电模块是针对整个基站的。按照功能和物理实体，把基站划分成功放、数字基带、射频、供电、制冷几个模块，为了获得与物理模块对应的功率数据，我们设计的数字功率计芯片测量方法中对每个模块的功率分别测量，具体测量可使用数字功率计芯片(例如AD7755)，如图1所示。For a macro base station, PA and RF are for each antenna, that is to say, each PA corresponds to an antenna; the digital baseband is for each sector; the radio frequency module power measured by the digital power meter in the present invention is all radio frequency The sum of the module power; similarly, the measured power of the power amplifier module is the sum of the power of all power amplifier modules. The power supply module is for the entire base station. According to the functions and physical entities, the base station is divided into several modules: amplifier, digital baseband, radio frequency, power supply, and cooling. In order to obtain the power data corresponding to the physical modules, the power of each module in the digital power meter chip measurement method we designed Measured separately, the specific measurement can use a digital power meter chip (such as AD7755), as shown in Figure 1.
实际测量装置不限于一个整体的功率测量模块，可以是分别对各个模块功率测量。如图2所示，为便于绘图，在图2中用M代表“数字功率测量模块”。The actual measurement device is not limited to a whole power measurement module, and may measure the power of each module separately. As shown in Figure 2, for the convenience of drawing, M represents "digital power measurement module" in Figure 2.
基站各模块消耗功率中，PCooling是对制冷模块测量到的功率，PMS是对供电模块测量到消耗的功率，PBB是对数字基带模块测量到消耗的功率，PRF是对射频模块测量到消耗的功率，PPA是对功放模块测量到消耗的功率。Among the power consumption of each module of the base station, PCooling is the measured power of the cooling module, PMS is the measured power consumption of the power supply module, PBB is the measured power consumption of the digital baseband module, and PRF is the measured power of the radio frequency module. To the consumed power, PPA is the measured power consumed by the power amplifier module.
当前时间的每个模块功率已经获取后为了获得较为稳定的各模块功率，在一定长时间T0内做平均，得到稳定的各模块功率，在“基站功率测量处理模块”中完成该功能并将各模块功率独立输出给基站能效模块。After the power of each module at the current time has been obtained, in order to obtain a relatively stable power of each module, average it within a certain period of time T0 to obtain a stable power of each module. This function is completed in the "base station power measurement processing module" and will be The power of each module is independently output to the energy efficiency module of the base station.
在基站系统中对基站消耗功率的计算如下:In the base station system, the calculation of the power consumption of the base station is as follows:
从基站操作系统获取基站在T0时间内的平均数据速率RT0，则可按照下式计算基站能效EET0：Obtain the average data rate RT0 of the base station during T0 from the operating system of the base station, then the energy efficiency EET0 of the base station can be calculated according to the following formula:
下文给出接入基站的用户终端消耗基站的功率与能效测量方法。The method for measuring the power and energy efficiency of the base station consumed by the user terminal accessing the base station is given below.
用户终端所消耗基站的功率组成基站总功率，测量用户终端消耗基站的功率需要依赖上文对基站各模块功率的测量，同时需要从基站操作系统中获取用户占用基站资源的信息给出每个用户功率测量方法。用户占用基站资源的信息，在LTE中表示为物理资源块(RB)数目。The power of the base station consumed by the user terminal constitutes the total power of the base station. Measuring the power consumed by the user terminal of the base station needs to rely on the measurement of the power of each module of the base station above. Power measurement method. Information about resources occupied by users in the base station is expressed as the number of physical resource blocks (RBs) in LTE.
a)用户终端i消耗功率放大器功率正比于该用户当前占用的资源块(RB)数目(频域带宽)；a) The power of the power amplifier consumed by the user terminal i is proportional to the number of resource blocks (RB) currently occupied by the user (frequency domain bandwidth);
b)用户终端i消耗基带、射频的功率取决于用户占用RB个数(NRBi)，实际的调制方式(M)、编码速率(R)、天线个数Ant、时间域负载(Dt)(工作的时间比例)频率域负载比(Df)；b) The baseband and radio frequency power consumed by user terminal i depends on the number of RBs occupied by the user (NRBi ), the actual modulation mode (M), coding rate (R), antenna number Ant, and time domain load (Dt) (working time ratio) frequency domain duty ratio (Df);
c)用户终端i消耗供电、制冷功率正比于当前时隙该用户所占用的资源块(RB)数目(频域带宽)。c) The power supply and cooling power consumed by user terminal i is proportional to the number of resource blocks (RB) (frequency domain bandwidth) occupied by the user in the current time slot.
在已经测量基站各模块功率的前提下，从基站操作系统获取基站当前系统带宽对应的RB总数目NRB，以及每个用户获得的RB资源数目NRBi,为了计算准确我们采取先根据各模块功率对应在每一个RB上的功率PRBj，然后再将分配给用户i的所有RB对应的功率累加作为用户功率。On the premise that the power of each module of the base station has been measured, the total number of RBs NRB corresponding to the current system bandwidth of the base station and the number of RB resources NRBi obtained by each user are obtained from the operating system of the base station. For the power PRBj on each RB, the power corresponding to all RBs allocated to user i is accumulated as the user power.
计算每个RB对应的基带射频部分功率还需要从基站控制系统获取该RB上实际的调制方式(M)、编码速率(R)、天线个数Ant、时间域负载(Dt)(工作的时间比例)和频率域负载比(Df)，在“用户功率测算模块”中完成该功能。第j个RB消耗基带、射频模块功率表示为：Calculating the power of the baseband radio frequency part corresponding to each RB also needs to obtain the actual modulation mode (M), coding rate (R), number of antennas Ant, time domain load (Dt) (time ratio of work) on the RB from the base station control system ) and frequency domain load ratio (Df), this function is completed in the "user power measurement module". The baseband and radio frequency module power consumed by the jth RB is expressed as:
每个RB上功率放大器、制冷、供电模块的功耗与所占用带宽成正比。则有：The power consumption of the power amplifier, refrigeration, and power supply modules on each RB is proportional to the occupied bandwidth. Then there are:
合并所有分配给用户i的RB,得到用户消耗基站的功率，j∈UEi表示第j个RB分配给了用户UEi：Combine all RBs allocated to user i to obtain the power consumption of the base station by the user, and j∈UEi means that the jth RB is allocated to user UEi:
与测算基站功率同理，在当前用户功率PRBjUEi获取后,为了获得较为稳定的功率，在一定长时间T0内做平均，得到较为稳定的功率，用户功率模块负责实现该功能。In the same way as measuring base station power, after the current user power PRBjUEi is obtained, in order to obtain relatively stable power, it is averaged over a certain period of time T0 to obtain relatively stable power, and the user power module is responsible for realizing this function.
从基站操作系统获取基站在T0时间内用户在第j个RB上的平均数据速率则可按照下式计算用户已传输数据的能效：Obtain the average data rate of the user on the jth RB of the base station during T0 time from the base station operating system Then the energy efficiency of the user's transmitted data can be calculated according to the following formula:
测量得到的基站、用户功率与能效数据上报给上层操作系统，可以作为但不限于调度算法、接入控制等基站通信过程的数值参考与决策依据，提高移动通信系统吞吐率、能效。The measured base station, user power and energy efficiency data are reported to the upper-level operating system, which can be used as, but not limited to, numerical reference and decision-making basis for base station communication processes such as scheduling algorithms and access control, and improve the throughput and energy efficiency of the mobile communication system.
基于上述测量的用户功率、用户能效，本发明提出一种基站的能效最优调度方法(Best EE)，目的在于从资源调度的角度提高系统的能量效率，将RB资源分配给能效最高的用户。Best EE调度流程图如图4，在上文计算用户在RB上功率PRBjUEi、能效的基础上，当需要分配单个RB时则按照用户在该RB上的能效排序，然后在有业务请求的用户中(已经传输了业务的用户中能效高的用户当前时隙不一定有新业务请求)选择能效最高的用户，将该RB资源分配给该用户。Based on the above-mentioned measured user power and user energy efficiency, the present invention proposes a base station optimal energy efficiency scheduling method (Best EE), which aims to improve the energy efficiency of the system from the perspective of resource scheduling, and allocate RB resources to users with the highest energy efficiency. The Best EE scheduling flow chart is shown in Figure 4. Based on the calculation of the power PRBjUEi and energy efficiency of the users on the RB above, when a single RB needs to be allocated, it is sorted according to the energy efficiency of the users on the RB, and then when there is a service request Among the users (users with high energy efficiency who have already transmitted services may not necessarily have a new service request in the current time slot), the user with the highest energy efficiency is selected, and the RB resource is allocated to the user.
与现有技术相比，本发明的积极效果为：Compared with prior art, positive effect of the present invention is:
本发明对基站内部进行划分，并将划分出的各个模块独立、自动、实时测量上报的方法，获得具体详细的功率与能效数据，为降低能耗提高能效提供更直接具体的数据支持。另外本发明中同时给出测算接入基站的终端用户消耗基站功率的分配方法、以及用户能效的测算方法。The present invention divides the interior of the base station, and independently, automatically and real-time measures and reports the divided modules to obtain specific and detailed power and energy efficiency data, and provides more direct and specific data support for reducing energy consumption and improving energy efficiency. In addition, the present invention also provides a distribution method for measuring and calculating the power consumption of the base station by terminal users accessing the base station, and a method for measuring and calculating user energy efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为基站功率测量装置1结构图；FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a base station power measurement device 1;
图2为基站功率测量装置2结构图；FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a base station power measuring device 2;
图3为用户功率测量装置图；Fig. 3 is a diagram of a user power measuring device;
图4为Best EE调度方法流程图。Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the Best EE scheduling method.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面对本发明做详细的说明。The present invention will be described in detail below.
本实施例的移动通信基站功率测量方法与接入用户功率测量方法，主要包括如下步骤：The mobile communication base station power measurement method and the access user power measurement method of the present embodiment mainly include the following steps:
1.为每个基站功能模块添加数字功率测量模块。1. Add a digital power measurement module for each base station functional module.
如图1所示将基站划分为功率放大器(PA)、射频(RF)、数字基带(BB)、供电模块和制冷模块，需要注意的是不同类型基站PA和RF的对应形式不同，在宏基站中PA和RF是对应于每一个天线的，也就是说每一个PA对应一个天线；一个数字基带模块是针对每个扇区的；本发明中的数字功率计测量的射频模块功率为所有射频模块功率之和；同样的，所测功放模块功率为所有功放模块功率之和。而供电模块是针对整个基站的。我们设计的数字功率计芯片(例如AD7755芯片)可以按设定的采样率对每个模块的功率分别测量，根据精确度要求设定功率采样率。As shown in Figure 1, the base station is divided into power amplifier (PA), radio frequency (RF), digital baseband (BB), power supply module, and cooling module. It should be noted that the corresponding forms of PA and RF of different types of base stations are different. Among them, PA and RF are corresponding to each antenna, that is to say, each PA corresponds to an antenna; a digital baseband module is for each sector; the radio frequency module power measured by the digital power meter in the present invention is the power of all radio frequency modules The sum of the power; similarly, the measured power of the power amplifier module is the sum of the power of all power amplifier modules. The power supply module is for the entire base station. The digital power meter chip we designed (such as AD7755 chip) can measure the power of each module separately according to the set sampling rate, and set the power sampling rate according to the accuracy requirements.
2.基站功率测量处理2. Base station power measurement processing
在数字功率测量模块中分别测出功率放大器(PA)、射频(RF)、数字基带(BB)、供电模块和制冷模块的功率；当前采样到的功率获取后，为了获得较为稳定的基站功率，将功率数值在一定长时间T0内做平均，得到较为稳定的功率，在“基站功率测量处理模块”中完成并将各模块功率独立输出给基站能效模块,上层操作系统中可获得每个模块的实时功率.In the digital power measurement module, the power of the power amplifier (PA), radio frequency (RF), digital baseband (BB), power supply module and cooling module are respectively measured; after the current sampled power is obtained, in order to obtain a relatively stable base station power, Average the power value for a certain period of time T0 to obtain a relatively stable power, complete it in the "base station power measurement processing module" and output the power of each module independently to the base station energy efficiency module, each module can be obtained in the upper operating system real-time power.
基站消耗功率的计算如下:The calculation of base station power consumption is as follows:
3.基站能效模块处理3. Base station energy efficiency module processing
LTE调度的最小时频单位是RB,从基站操作系统中获取基站的数据速率信息，然后计算基站在T0时间内的平均数据速率RT0：The minimum time-frequency unit of LTE scheduling is RB, and the data rate information of the base station is obtained from the base station operating system, and then the average data rate RT0 of the base station in T0 time is calculated:
则按照下式计算基站能效EET0：Then calculate the energy efficiency EET0 of the base station according to the following formula:
4.用户功率与能效测算4. Calculation of user power and energy efficiency
先根据各模块功率计算对应在每一个RB上的功率PRBj，从基站控制系统获取该RB上实际的调制方式(M)、编码速率(R)、天线个数Ant、时间域负载(Dt)(工作的时间比例)频率域负载比(Df)。First calculate the power PRBj corresponding to each RB according to the power of each module, and obtain the actual modulation mode (M), coding rate (R), number of antennas Ant, and time domain load (Dt) of the RB from the base station control system (time fraction of work) Frequency Domain Duty Ratio (Df).
第j个RB消耗基带、射频模块功率表示为：The baseband and radio frequency module power consumed by the jth RB is expressed as:
每个RB上功率放大器、制冷、供电模块的功耗有：The power consumption of the power amplifier, cooling, and power supply modules on each RB is:
用户UEi在第j个RB上的功耗为:The power consumption of user UEi on the jth RB is:
用户消耗基站的功率为：The power consumed by the base station by the user is:
在一定长时间T0内做平均，得到较稳定功率：Average over a certain period of time T0 to get a more stable power:
从基站操作系统获取基站在T0时间内的用户平均数据速率RUEi,T0，则可按照下式计算用户已传输数据的能效EEUEi,T0：Obtain the user average data rate RUEi,T0 of the base station during T0 from the operating system of the base station, then the energy efficiency EEUEi,T0 of the user's transmitted data can be calculated according to the following formula:
进入在能效最优调度方法模块如图4，按照用户在该RB上的能效排序，从有业务请求的用户中选择能效最高的用户，将该RB资源分配给该用户，完成资源分配后续流程。Enter the energy efficiency optimal scheduling method module as shown in Figure 4, and select the user with the highest energy efficiency from the users with service requests according to the energy efficiency ranking of the users on the RB, and allocate the RB resource to the user to complete the follow-up process of resource allocation.
需要注意的是选取的T0不能太接近调度的最小单位TRB＝0.5ms，因为当前系统记录的基站或用户数据速率不对应测量到的功率，当前功率只对应当前发送的的数据，接收到的速率需要在一定延时之后才能得到。因而选取至少T0>10*TRB＝5ms。It should be noted that the selected T0 should not be too close to the minimum unit of scheduling TRB = 0.5ms, because the base station or user data rate recorded by the current system does not correspond to the measured power, and the current power only corresponds to the currently transmitted data. The rate needs to be obtained after a certain delay. Therefore, at least T0 >10*TRB =5 ms is selected.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制，本领域的普通技术人员可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求所述为准。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it. Those of ordinary skill in the art can modify or equivalently replace the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of protection should be determined by the claims.
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