技术领域technical field
本发明涉及微波领域，特别涉及一种多路功率分配/合成器。The invention relates to the microwave field, in particular to a multi-channel power distribution/combiner.
背景技术Background technique
微波毫米波固态功率放大器作为微波毫米波雷达、制导及通信、测试等系统的一个重要组成部分，已经成为微波毫米波领域研究的重要方向。在微波毫米波固态功率放大器中，由于功放芯片受自身半导体物理特性的限制，以及散热、制造工艺和阻抗匹配等问题的影响，单芯片放大器往往达不到实际工程中大功率信号的要求。因此，为了满足通信、测试系统等大功率的需求，需要采用多个放大器支路进行功率合成的方法。常用的功率分配/合成技术有基于波导的空间功率分配/合成技术和基于平面微带电路的功率分配/合成技术。As an important part of microwave and millimeter wave radar, guidance, communication, and testing systems, microwave and millimeter wave solid-state power amplifiers have become an important research direction in the field of microwave and millimeter waves. In microwave and millimeter wave solid-state power amplifiers, due to the limitation of the power amplifier chip by its own semiconductor physical characteristics, as well as the influence of heat dissipation, manufacturing process and impedance matching, single-chip amplifiers often fail to meet the requirements of high-power signals in actual engineering. Therefore, in order to meet the high-power requirements of communication and test systems, it is necessary to use a method of combining power with multiple amplifier branches. Commonly used power distribution/combination technologies include waveguide-based spatial power distribution/combination technology and planar microstrip circuit-based power distribution/combination technology.
如图1所示，基于波导的空间功率分配/合成技术采用同轴-波导转换结构，再通过探针耦合将输入信号的能量分配给各支路，然后由各支路分别进行放大，最后通过与前面功率分配对称的结构进行功率合成。基于波导的空间功率合成技术可以有效地防止辐射损耗，具有通路损耗低、散热效率高、幅相一致性高及功率容量大等优点，但波导结构的加工成本高，工艺精度要求高，加工与装配难度大，且主要集中在较高的毫米波频段应用，这种技术很难在较低微波频段内做到较宽的工作频带，在低于18GHz的微波频段，波导功率分配/合成结构由于尺寸过大，难以应用到实际工程中。As shown in Figure 1, the waveguide-based spatial power distribution/combination technology adopts a coaxial-waveguide conversion structure, and then distributes the energy of the input signal to each branch through probe coupling, and then each branch is amplified separately, and finally passed Power synthesis is carried out with the structure symmetrical to the previous power distribution. The waveguide-based spatial power combining technology can effectively prevent radiation loss, and has the advantages of low path loss, high heat dissipation efficiency, high amplitude-phase consistency, and large power capacity. It is difficult to assemble, and it is mainly concentrated in the application of higher millimeter wave frequency bands. It is difficult for this technology to achieve a wider working frequency band in the lower microwave frequency band. In the microwave frequency band below 18GHz, the waveguide power distribution/combination structure is due to The size is too large to be applied in practical engineering.
微带功率分配/合成技术可以工作在较低的微波频段内，尤其适合于18GHz以下频段，并具有加工成本低、占用空间小和工作频带宽等优点，但常规的平面多路微带功率分配/合成方法的散热性差，通路损耗大，因此，当合成路数超过4路时，该方法由于通路损耗迅速增大而导致合成效率降低。Microstrip power distribution/synthesis technology can work in the lower microwave frequency band, especially suitable for frequency bands below 18GHz, and has the advantages of low processing cost, small footprint and wide operating frequency band, but the conventional planar multi-channel microstrip power distribution The /synthesis method has poor heat dissipation and large path loss. Therefore, when the number of synthesis paths exceeds 4, this method will reduce the synthesis efficiency due to the rapid increase of path loss.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提出一种基于扇形分支微带线的棱柱状多路功率分配/合成器，有效提高功率分配/合成器的散热效率，增大工作带宽，降低传输损耗，解决传统方案难以在较低微波频段实现多路功率合成的技术难题。The present invention proposes a prismatic multi-channel power distribution/combiner based on fan-shaped branched microstrip lines, which can effectively improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the power distribution/combiner, increase the working bandwidth, reduce transmission loss, and solve the problem that traditional solutions are difficult to operate at lower microwave The technical difficulty of realizing multi-channel power combining in the frequency band.
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：Technical scheme of the present invention is realized like this:
一种基于扇形分支微带线的棱柱状多路功率分配/合成器，整体成棱柱体状，包括：功率分配段和功率合成段，功率分配段与功率合成段为相同结构，电磁波由输入端同轴连接器进入腔体，合成的大功率信号由输出端同轴连接器输出腔体；A prismatic multi-channel power distribution/combiner based on fan-shaped branched microstrip lines, which is in the shape of a prism as a whole, including: a power distribution section and a power synthesis section. The power distribution section and the power synthesis section have the same structure. The coaxial connector enters the chamber, and the synthesized high-power signal is output from the coaxial connector at the output end of the chamber;
所述功率分配段，包括功分器，将从输入端同轴连接器输入的电磁波等分为二路，每一路信号分别进入扇形微带片，所述扇形微带片是一个多端口的功分结构，将输入信号等幅同相功率分配；The power distribution section includes a power divider, which divides the electromagnetic wave input from the coaxial connector at the input end into two channels, and each signal enters the fan-shaped microstrip sheet respectively, and the fan-shaped microstrip sheet is a multi-port power Sub-structure, the equal amplitude and same phase power distribution of the input signal;
所述功率分配段各支路的边缘处对腔体进行两次均匀倒角，在倒角平面处贴附微带片，各节微带片之间通过金网相连接；The cavity is evenly chamfered twice at the edge of each branch of the power distribution section, and a microstrip sheet is attached to the chamfered plane, and each section of the microstrip sheet is connected by a gold mesh;
在棱柱体垂直方向的侧面上设置有放大器芯片，由各自支路上的放大器芯片将分配的信号功率进一步功分放大，通过与功率分配段相对称的两次倒角结构，将每一路放大信号由棱柱体垂直方向翻转到功率合成段水平方向的功率合成结构，将各支路信号等幅同相功率合成，合成的大功率信号由输出端同轴连接器输出。Amplifier chips are arranged on the side of the prism in the vertical direction, and the distributed signal power is further divided and amplified by the amplifier chips on the respective branches. Through the double chamfer structure symmetrical to the power distribution section, each amplified signal is divided by The vertical direction of the prism is turned to the power combining structure of the horizontal direction of the power combining section, and the equal amplitude and phase power of each branch signal is combined, and the synthesized high-power signal is output by the coaxial connector at the output end.
可选地，所述两次倒角分别为水平向下30度和60度倒角。Optionally, the two chamfers are chamfers of 30 degrees and 60 degrees horizontally downward respectively.
可选地，所述扇形微带片扇形线内各输出端口间隔处各设置有一个阻抗调配孔。Optionally, one impedance adjustment hole is provided at intervals between each output port in the fan-shaped microstrip slice.
可选地，所述功分器为威尔金森功分器。Optionally, the power splitter is a Wilkinson power splitter.
可选地，所述扇形微带片是一个五端口的功分结构，将输入信号一分四等幅同相功率分配。Optionally, the fan-shaped microstrip slice is a five-port power division structure, which divides the input signal into four equal-amplitude and in-phase power distributions.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)工作频带宽：具有工作频带宽的优点，解决了18GHz以下的较低微波频段的宽频带功率分配/合成的难题；(1) Working frequency bandwidth: it has the advantages of working frequency bandwidth, and solves the problem of broadband power distribution/synthesis in the lower microwave frequency band below 18GHz;
(2)输出功率大：采用了单路放大，最后多路功率合成的方法实现了较高的输出功率；(2) Large output power: single-channel amplification is adopted, and the method of multi-channel power synthesis finally achieves higher output power;
(3)散热效率高：由于将常规的平面放大器通路转换为三维空间结构，得到了更大的空间散热面积，因此散热效果好，提高了放大器工作的可靠性；(3) High heat dissipation efficiency: Since the conventional planar amplifier channel is converted into a three-dimensional space structure, a larger space heat dissipation area is obtained, so the heat dissipation effect is good, and the reliability of the amplifier operation is improved;
(4)较低的功率损耗：整个功率分配/合成器全部采用低损耗的微带线传输，阻抗匹配好，信号反射小，通路损耗低；(4) Lower power loss: The whole power distribution/combiner adopts low-loss microstrip line transmission, with good impedance matching, small signal reflection and low path loss;
(5)高幅相一致性：该结构在平面内采用轴对称的多路功率分配/合成形式，整体结构对称性好，有效减小了幅相的不一致性带来的功率损耗，提高了功率合成的效率；(5) High amplitude and phase consistency: the structure adopts an axisymmetric multi-channel power distribution/combination form in the plane, and the overall structure has good symmetry, which effectively reduces the power loss caused by the inconsistency of the amplitude and phase, and improves the power synthesis efficiency;
(6)加工装配简单：该结构加工变通性好，加工成本低，容易装配，可靠性高。(6) Simple processing and assembly: the structure has good processing flexibility, low processing cost, easy assembly and high reliability.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为现有的基于波导的空间功率分配/合成器的腔体结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cavity structure of an existing waveguide-based spatial power distribution/combiner;
图2为本发明基于扇形分支微带线的棱柱状多路功率分配/合成器的腔体结构图；2 is a cavity structure diagram of a prismatic multi-channel power distribution/combiner based on fan-shaped branch microstrip lines in the present invention;
图3为本发明的扇形分支微带功率分配/合成微带电路示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the microstrip power distribution/synthesis microstrip circuit of the fan-shaped branch of the present invention;
图4为本发明的完成水平-垂直方向转换的两次倒角微带电路示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of twice chamfered microstrip circuit for completing the horizontal-vertical direction conversion of the present invention;
图5为本发明的棱柱垂直面分支电路内部结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the prism vertical plane branch circuit of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
现有功率分配/合成技术中，基于波导的空间功率分配/合成方案，其缺点是加工精度要求高，装配难度大，工作频率高，可靠性差等，由于物理尺寸的限制，该结构很难应用于较低频率的微波频段；基于微带电路的平面功率分配/合成方案，其缺点是散热效率低，尤其是当合成路数超过4路时，该方法由于通路损耗迅速增大而导致合成效率降低。In the existing power distribution/combination technology, the waveguide-based spatial power distribution/combination scheme has the disadvantages of high processing precision, difficult assembly, high operating frequency, and poor reliability. Due to the limitation of physical size, this structure is difficult to apply Microstrip circuit-based planar power distribution/synthesis scheme, its disadvantage is low heat dissipation efficiency, especially when the number of synthesis channels exceeds 4, the method will lead to the combination efficiency due to the rapid increase of channel loss reduce.
本发明的目的就是为了解决较低微波频段内的宽频带功率分配与合成的难题。采用本发明的功率分配/合成器工作频带宽，幅相一致性高，通路损耗小，合成路数多，且具有加工难度小、装配简单等优点，尤其适合在18GHz以下的微波频段应用。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of broadband power distribution and synthesis in the lower microwave frequency band. The power distribution/synthesizer of the present invention has a wide operating frequency band, high amplitude-phase consistency, small path loss, many synthesis paths, low processing difficulty, simple assembly, etc., and is especially suitable for microwave frequency applications below 18 GHz.
如图2所示，本发明的基于扇形分支微带线的棱柱状多路功率分配/合成器，整体成棱柱状，包括功率分配段和功率合成段，功率分配段与功率合成段为相同的扇形分支微带功率分配/合成结构；电磁波由上侧的输入端同轴连接器1进入腔体，最后合成的大功率信号由输出端同轴连接器7输出腔体。As shown in Figure 2, the prismatic multi-channel power distribution/combiner based on the fan-shaped branch microstrip line of the present invention is prism-shaped as a whole, including a power distribution section and a power synthesis section, and the power distribution section and the power synthesis section are the same Fan-shaped branch microstrip power distribution/synthesis structure; electromagnetic waves enter the cavity through the input coaxial connector 1 on the upper side, and finally synthesized high-power signals output the cavity through the output coaxial connector 7.
如图2和3所示，本发明的扇形分支微带功率分配/合成结构，电磁波由输入端同轴连接器1进入腔体后，通过功分器2等分为二路，优选功分器2为威尔金森功分器，每一路信号分别进入扇形微带片3，扇形微带片3是一个多端口的功分结构，在扇形线内各输出端口间隔处各设置有一个阻抗调配孔4，在保证较小的插入损耗和各支路等幅同相的前提下实现了各支路之间的良好隔离，这样就完成了一分多的等幅同相功率分配。例如，图3中，扇形微带片3是一个五端口的功分结构，在扇形线内各输出端口间隔处各设置有一个阻抗调配孔4，实现了一分四的等幅同相功率分配，图3中的结构仅为示例性的，不应作为对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域技术人员可以根据实际功率合成的需要，通过合理设计阻抗调配孔的尺寸和位置及扇形的半径，即可实现各支路的等功率分配，同时，通过合理设计扇形线与微带线之间的过渡结构，根据需要实现不同的功率分配/合成的路数。As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in the fan-shaped branch microstrip power distribution/synthesis structure of the present invention, after the electromagnetic wave enters the cavity from the input coaxial connector 1, it is divided into two equal paths by the power divider 2, preferably the power divider 2 is a Wilkinson power divider, and each signal enters the fan-shaped microstrip 3 respectively. The fan-shaped microstrip 3 is a multi-port power division structure, and an impedance adjustment hole is provided at the interval of each output port in the fan-shaped line 4. On the premise of ensuring small insertion loss and equal amplitude and in-phase of each branch, good isolation between each branch is realized, so that more than one minute of equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution is completed. For example, in Fig. 3, the fan-shaped microstrip sheet 3 is a five-port power division structure, and an impedance adjustment hole 4 is respectively arranged at the interval of each output port in the fan-shaped line, so as to realize equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution of one to four, The structure in Figure 3 is only exemplary and should not be used as a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can reasonably design the size and position of the impedance adjustment hole and the radius of the sector according to the needs of actual power synthesis. Realize the equal power distribution of each branch. At the same time, through the reasonable design of the transition structure between the sector line and the microstrip line, different power distribution/combination channels can be realized according to the needs.
在扇形分支微带功率分配结构各支路的边缘处，即棱柱体的上下表面和侧面相交处，如图4所示，对腔体进行两次均匀倒角5，分别为水平向下30度和60度倒角，为了便于工艺加工，可以采用30度和60度的倒角，当然这两个角度也可以根据实际工程中不同的需要进行相应的调整；在倒角5平面处贴微带片，各节微带片之间用金网互联，这样就形成了各支路由水平面转向垂直面的棱柱状功率传输结构。微带片从棱柱状结构水平面到垂直面的过渡由腔体边缘的两次倒角实现，两次倒角过渡均匀，分别由水平面向下30度和60度切割实现；倒角处的微带片之间由金网互联，加工难度小，装配简易，可靠性高，避免了由于微带片直接弯曲所造成的微带金属层破裂和接地不良的问题；而且整个结构都是采用微带片连接，所以该功率分配/合成结构可实现宽工作频带。At the edge of each branch of the fan-shaped branch microstrip power distribution structure, that is, at the intersection of the upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces of the prism, as shown in Figure 4, the cavity is uniformly chamfered twice 5, respectively, 30 degrees horizontally downward and 60-degree chamfering, in order to facilitate processing, 30-degree and 60-degree chamfering can be used, of course, these two angles can also be adjusted accordingly according to different needs in actual engineering; paste microstrips on the chamfering 5 plane Each section of the microstrip is interconnected with a gold mesh, thus forming a prismatic power transmission structure in which each branch turns from the horizontal plane to the vertical plane. The transition of the microstrip sheet from the horizontal surface to the vertical surface of the prismatic structure is realized by two chamfers on the edge of the cavity. The chips are interconnected by gold mesh, the processing difficulty is small, the assembly is simple, and the reliability is high, which avoids the problems of cracking and poor grounding of the microstrip metal layer caused by direct bending of the microstrip sheet; and the whole structure is made of a microstrip sheet connection, so the power distribution/combination structure can achieve a wide operating frequency band.
如图2和5所示，在棱柱体垂直方向的侧面上设置有放大器芯片6，由各自支路上的放大器芯片6将分配的信号功率进一步功分放大，然后再通过与功率分配段相对称的两次倒角结构，将每一路放大信号由棱柱体垂直方向翻转到功率合成段水平方向的功率合成结构，再经过图3所示的扇形微带功率合成结构实现多路信号的等幅同相功率合成，最后合成的大功率信号由输出端同轴连接器7完成输出。输入信号到达棱柱垂直面的各支路后，再通过放大器芯片进行功率放大，然后通过与输入段对称的输出结构进行功率合成，整体结构紧凑且对称性好，空间利用率高，各支路与散热片和空气接触充分，散热性好，可靠性高。As shown in Figures 2 and 5, an amplifier chip 6 is arranged on the side of the prism in the vertical direction, and the distributed signal power is further amplified by the amplifier chip 6 on each branch, and then passed through the corresponding power distribution section. Twice chamfering structure, turning each amplified signal from the vertical direction of the prism to the power combining structure of the horizontal direction of the power combining section, and then realizing the equal-amplitude and in-phase power of multiple signals through the fan-shaped microstrip power combining structure shown in Figure 3 Synthesizing, the final synthesized high-power signal is output through the coaxial connector 7 at the output end. After the input signal reaches each branch on the vertical surface of the prism, the power is amplified by the amplifier chip, and then the power is combined through the output structure symmetrical to the input section. The overall structure is compact and symmetrical, and the space utilization rate is high. The heat sink is fully in contact with the air, the heat dissipation is good, and the reliability is high.
本发明提出了一种基于扇形分支微带线的棱柱状多路功率分配/合成器，在平面电路上实现了多条支路的等幅同相功率分配与合成，通过在棱柱腔体的上下表面与侧面之间进行两次倒角，采用贴微带片及金网互联的方式实现了水平面到垂直面的空间翻转，且工艺难度低，装配简单，可靠性高；采用对称的棱柱状结构，不但节省了装配空间，而且有效解决了散热问题，因此，整个系统的工作稳定性高；由于该结构中除输入输出连接器外，信号传输方式全部由微带线组成，所以具有阻抗匹配好、装配一致性高等优点，可在较低的微波波段(18GHz以下)工作并有较宽的相对工作频带；将平面功率分配/合成器的高可靠性和空间功率分配/合成结构散热性好等优点相结合，满足了功率分配/合成技术中对高幅相一致性、高散热效率及低损耗等多个方面的高要求。The present invention proposes a prismatic multi-channel power distribution/combiner based on fan-shaped branched microstrip lines, which realizes equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution and synthesis of multiple branches on a planar circuit. Two chamfers are made between the side and the side, and the space flipping from the horizontal plane to the vertical plane is realized by pasting microstrip sheets and gold mesh interconnection, and the process difficulty is low, the assembly is simple, and the reliability is high; the symmetrical prismatic structure is adopted, It not only saves assembly space, but also effectively solves the problem of heat dissipation. Therefore, the whole system has high working stability; because the signal transmission mode in this structure is composed of microstrip lines except for the input and output connectors, it has good impedance matching, It has the advantages of high assembly consistency, can work in the lower microwave band (below 18GHz) and has a relatively wide operating frequency band; it has the advantages of high reliability of the planar power distribution/combiner and good heat dissipation of the spatial power distribution/combination structure. Combined, it meets the high requirements of high amplitude and phase consistency, high heat dissipation efficiency and low loss in power distribution/combination technology.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410201523.2ACN103985945B (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2014-05-07 | Prismatic multi-path power distributor/ synthesizer based on fan-shaped branch microstrip line |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410201523.2ACN103985945B (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2014-05-07 | Prismatic multi-path power distributor/ synthesizer based on fan-shaped branch microstrip line |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103985945A CN103985945A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
| CN103985945Btrue CN103985945B (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410201523.2AActiveCN103985945B (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2014-05-07 | Prismatic multi-path power distributor/ synthesizer based on fan-shaped branch microstrip line |
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| TWI750697B (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-21 | 正基科技股份有限公司 | Resonance body and power dividing and combining device |
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| CN112993508A (en)* | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-18 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Ka-band one-to-eight microstrip sector power divider |
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| TWI750697B (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-21 | 正基科技股份有限公司 | Resonance body and power dividing and combining device |
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