Background technology
It is current a kind of rapid shaping technique being widely used that 3D prints, its moulding process principle is: the electronic 3-D model of model target part, then with software, threedimensional model is carried out to hierarchy slicing processing, obtain the data message of each processing aspect, under computer control, carry out lamination according to slicing layer surface information and increase material manufacture, complete the manufacture of target processing.The advantage that 3D prints is not to be subject to the restriction of part shape complexity, without any need for moulds of industrial equipment, speed is fast, efficiency is high, can realize the automated manufacturing of free shape entity, is being subject to paying attention to more and more widely.
3D prints several different major techniques at present, is respectively FDM (fusion sediment moulding), SLA (stereolithography apparatus method), SLS (selective laser sintering), LOM (laminated solid mass manufacture), 3DP (3 D-printing).The printed material that FDM uses is ABS, PLA hot melt wire rod, the printed material that SLA uses is liquid photosensitive resin, the printed material that SLS uses is hot melt dusty material, as nylon 12 and composite and metal powder material, the printed material that LOM uses is paper or metal foil, and the printed material that 3DP uses is mainly land plaster and colouring agent.Although these above-mentioned several 3D printers can complete print job, but there is following defect: 1, in the time using above-mentioned printer to print operation, the selection limitation of printed material is larger, and user oneself cannot improve printed material, as added the improvement materials such as antiseptic, this will not reach user's particular demands; 2, the FDM printer in above-mentioned 3D printing technique, poor stability and the poor continuity of carrying printed material, unstable while causing extruded material, printing effect is poor; 3, same 3D printer can not use multiple different material, as FDM can only use hot melt wire rod, SLS can only use hot melt dusty material, and cannot use thick liquid thermosetting material, therefore the versatility of material is poor, cannot meet user's different demands.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency existing in order to overcome above prior art, provide a kind of simple and reasonable for structure, can use multiple printed material, good stability rotate based on screw rod the 3D printer of extruding continuously.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme: this rotates based on screw rod the 3D printer of extruding continuously, comprise housing, extrusion mechanism, elevating mechanism, workbench and slide rail, described workbench is installed on the bottom in housing by slide rail, described extrusion mechanism is installed in housing by elevating mechanism, and described extrusion mechanism is positioned at workbench top;
Described extrusion mechanism comprises machine barrel, motor, loading hopper and at least one screw rod, and described machine barrel comprises delivery section, transition part and extrudes portion, and described delivery section, transition part and the portion of extruding are connected successively from material moving direction; Described delivery section and motor are all installed on elevating mechanism, and described screw rod is installed on the inner chamber of delivery section, and one end of described screw rod and the rotating shaft of motor be connected, and described loading hopper is installed in delivery section.Utilize the characteristic of screw rod spin stabilization, this can improve stability and the continuity of carrying printed material.
Preferably, for improving stability and reliability, described delivery section is linearly, is provided with the inner chamber mating with screw rod in described delivery section, and described delivery section level is installed in housing; Described transition part is bending; The described portion of extruding is inverted cone-shaped, and described in the portion that extrudes vertically arrange with respect to housing bottom surface.Delivery section presents linearity, and is horizontally disposed with, and this is conducive to ensure to carry the stability of printed material, ensures the quality of printing; And transition part is used for changing the direction of motion of printed material, the printed material moving by horizontal direction is transformed into the printed material that vertical direction moves; And the portion of extruding is inverted cone-shaped, i.e. similar funnel structure, the inner cavity size of extruding portion is up big and down small, and this is conducive to printed material by accurate, stable being extruded on workbench.
The shower nozzle outlet of extruding portion preferably, is rounded, ellipse or pancake.The shape of shower nozzle outlet can determine according to client's demand.The portion that simultaneously extrudes adopts removable connection with being connected of transition part, as extrudes portion and transition part and use and be threaded, and changes the portion that extrudes with the outlet of difformity shower nozzle when Demand can be according to print job time.
Preferably, for further increasing the scope of application of printed material and more even for allowing printed material mix, described delivery section, transition part and the portion of extruding all overlap heating collar.Printed material is heated to molten condition, can ensures that printed material mixes, improve print quality; If added additive in printed material, heating can make additive sneak into more uniformly in printed material, further improves print quality simultaneously.
Preferably, the quantity of described heating collar has 5, and wherein 3 described heating collars are evenly placed on delivery section, and remaining 2 heating collars are placed on respectively transition part and extrude portion.Use multiple heating collars, this guarantee printed material, by homogeneous heating, is avoided local heating.
Preferably, the quantity of described screw rod is one.
Preferably, more abundant for printed material is mixed, carry more stable, the quantity of described screw rod is 2,2 described screw rods are specially initiatively screw rod and driven screw rod, and one end of described active screw rod is connected with the rotating shaft of motor, described active screw rod and the engagement of driven screw rod.
Preferably, in order to print different colours or dissimilar material simultaneously, described extrusion mechanism and elevating mechanism all have 2 covers, and the described extrusion mechanism of 2 cover is installed in housing by 2 cover elevating mechanism symmetries respectively.
Preferably, described elevating mechanism comprises crane, screw mandrel and 2 guide rods, and described screw mandrel and guide rod are all fixed in housing, and the middle part of described crane one side is socketed on screw mandrel, and side two ends of described crane are respectively equipped with the through hole being passed by 2 guide rods; One end of described delivery section and motor are all installed on the opposite side of crane.When screw mandrel rotation, can make crane move up and down; And 2 guide rods can ensure the stability that crane moves.
Preferably, described slide rail comprises mutually perpendicular slide rail A and slide rail B, and described workbench is slidably installed on slide rail A, and described slide rail A is slidably installed on slide rail B.Adopt this design, the axis direction of slide rail A is consistent with the X-axis of horizontal coordinate and the direction of Y-axis respectively with the axis direction of slide rail B, workbench can be realized moving around of X-axis and moving of Y-axis by slide rail A and slide rail B, and the shower nozzle outlet of extruding portion moves up and down along the Z axis of space coordinates, therefore adopt elevating mechanism, slide rail A and slide rail B can realize 3D printing effect, and accuracy is high, print quality is high.
This course of work of rotating the 3D printer of extruding continuously based on screw rod is as described below:
(1) set up first on computers the threedimensional model of target part, then with software, threedimensional model is carried out to hierarchy slicing processing, obtain the panel data information of each processing aspect, and be converted into the motion track instruction of workbench and the instruction that elevating mechanism drives the portion of extruding to move up and down;
(2) print first slice plane layer of bottom: screw-type extruder structure, workbench are in initial position, while starting working, add printed material to loading hopper, starter motor drives screw rod to continue rotation, extruding printed material sequential flow through delivery section, the transition part of machine barrel, extrude portion, finally extrude from the shower nozzle outlet of the portion of extruding; According to the instruction of slice plane data message, printed material to be extruded and is stacked on workbench, workbench moves along X-direction along Y direction and by slide rail B by slide rail A in order according to instruction, thereby prints first slice plane layer; In this process, if printed material is the heat-fusible materials such as hot melt wire rod, hot-melt plastic particle, hot melt dusty material and composite thereof, starting heating collar heats, if printed material is the non-thermofusible materials such as thick liquid thermosetting material, thick liquid photo-curing material, do not need to start heating collar;
(3) print second slice plane layer: by the driving of screw mandrel, crane drives a unit height of shower nozzle outlet rising of the portion that extrudes, workbench moves along Y direction and X-direction in order according to instruction, in this process, printed material continues to add from loading hopper, driven by motor screw rod continues rotation, printed material is expressed on workbench, thereby prints second slice plane;
(4) print the 3rd to last slice plane layer: repeating step (3), prints the 3rd and complete the lamination manufacture of target part to last slice plane, the 3D that completes target part prints manufacture.
The present invention has advantages of as follows with respect to prior art:
1, originally rotating based on screw rod the 3D printer of extruding has continuously adopted screw rod transmission printed material, can work as need to improve printed material time, can add printed material and additive to loading hopper simultaneously, screw rod can mix printed material and additive in the process of convey materials, in the process of carrying printed material, printed material is improved, thereby improve print quality, met client's particular demands.
2, this rotates the 3D printer use screw rod transmission printed material of extruding continuously based on screw rod, the speed stability of screw rod is good, and the rotating speed of screw rod can regulate according to actual conditions, therefore this extruded velocity that rotates the 3D printer of extruding continuously based on screw rod is stable, continuity is good, convenient and swift, improve print quality.
3, this rotates the 3D printer use screw rod transmission printed material of extruding continuously based on screw rod, and on machine barrel, be socketed multiple heating collars, this rotates based on screw rod the applicable various material of 3D printer of extruding continuously, as both used hot melt wire rod, hot-melt plastic particle, hot melt dusty material and composite thereof, can use again thick liquid thermosetting material, thick liquid photo-curing material etc., this has increased the scope of application of material greatly, thereby has met user's different demands.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1 rotate based on screw rod the 3D printer of extruding continuously, comprise housing 1, extrusion mechanism 2, elevating mechanism 3, workbench 4 and slide rail 5, described workbench 4 is installed on the bottom in housing 1 by slide rail 5, described extrusion mechanism 2 is installed in housing 1 by elevating mechanism 3, and described extrusion mechanism 2 is positioned at workbench 4 tops;
Described extrusion mechanism 2 comprises machine barrel 21, motor 22, loading hopper 23 and a screw rod 24, and described machine barrel 21 comprises delivery section 211, transition part 212 and extrudes portion 213, and described delivery section 211, transition part 212 and the portion of extruding 213 are connected successively from material moving direction; Described delivery section 211 and motor 22 are all installed on elevating mechanism 3, and described screw rod 24 is installed on the inner chamber of delivery section 211, and one end of described screw rod 24 is connected with the rotating shaft of motor 22, and described loading hopper 23 is installed in delivery section 211.Utilize the characteristic of screw rod 24 spin stabilizations, this can improve stability and the continuity of carrying printed material.The quantity of while extrusion mechanism 2 and elevating mechanism 3 is a set of, and this uses less parts, and easy for installation, cost is low.
For improving stability and reliability, described delivery section 211 is linearly, in described delivery section 211, is provided with the inner chamber mating with screw rod 24, and described delivery section 211 levels are installed in housing 1; Described transition part 212 is bending, and the cross section of described transition part 212 is fan-shaped; The described portion 213 that extrudes is inverted cone-shaped, and described in extrude portion 213 and vertically arrange with respect to housing 1 bottom surface.Delivery section 211 presents linearity, and is horizontally disposed with, and this is conducive to ensure to carry the stability of printed material, ensures the quality of printing; And transition part 212 is for changing the direction of motion of printed material, the printed material moving by horizontal direction is transformed into the printed material that vertical direction moves; Be inverted cone-shaped and extrude portion 213, i.e. similar funnel structure, the inner cavity size of extruding portion 213 is up big and down small, and this is conducive to printed material by accurate, stable being extruded on workbench 4.The described shower nozzle of extruding portion 213 exports rounded.
For further increasing the scope of application of printed material and more even for allowing printed material mix, described delivery section 211, transition part 212 and extrude portion 213 and all overlap and have heating collar 6.Printed material is heated to molten condition, can ensures that printed material mixes, improve print quality; If added additive in printed material, heating can make additive sneak into more uniformly in printed material, further improves print quality simultaneously.Concrete, the quantity of described heating collar 6 has 5, and wherein 3 described heating collars 6 are evenly placed on delivery section 211, and remaining 2 heating collars 6 are placed on respectively transition part 212 and extrude portion 213.Use multiple heating collars 6, this guarantee printed material, by homogeneous heating, is avoided local heating.
Described elevating mechanism 3 comprises crane 31,32 and 2 guide rods 33 of screw mandrel, described screw mandrel 32 and guide rod 33 are all fixed in housing 1, the middle part of described crane 31 1 sides is socketed on screw mandrel 32, and side two ends of described crane 31 are respectively equipped with the through hole being passed by 2 guide rods 33; One end of described delivery section 211 and motor 22 are all installed on the opposite side of crane 31.When screw mandrel 32 rotates, can make crane 31 move up and down; And 2 guide rods 33 can ensure the stability that crane 32 moves.Guide rod 33 not only has the effect of guiding, can allow stable the moving up and down of crane 31 simultaneously.
Described slide rail 5 comprises mutually perpendicular slide rail A51 and slide rail B52, and described workbench 4 is slidably installed on slide rail A51, and described slide rail A51 is slidably installed on slide rail B52.Adopt this design, the axis direction of slide rail A51 is consistent with the X-axis of horizontal coordinate and the direction of Y-axis respectively with the axis direction of slide rail B52, workbench can be realized moving around of X-axis and moving around of Y-axis by slide rail A51 and slide rail B52, and the shower nozzle outlet of extruding portion 213 moves up and down along the Z axis of space coordinates, therefore adopt elevating mechanism 3, slide rail A51 and slide rail B52 can realize 3D printing effect, and accuracy is high, print quality is high.
Embodiment 2
This based on screw rod rotate the 3D printer of extruding continuously except following technical characterictic with embodiment 1: for making printed material mixing more abundant, carry more stable, the quantity of described screw rod 24 is 2,2 described screw rods 24 are specially initiatively screw rod 241 and driven screw rod 242, one end of described active screw rod 241 is connected with the rotating shaft of motor 22, and described active screw rod 241 and driven screw rod 242 engage.In the time printing operation, starter motor 22, drives initiatively screw rod 241 to rotate, and the driven screw rod 242 engaging with active screw rod 241 can by with together with rotate, thereby allow printed material mix, and printed material is delivered to transition part from delivery section.
The present embodiment has adopted double-helical screw mechanism, printed material is mixed more abundant, and conveying is more stable, and reason has further improved print quality.
Embodiment 3
This based on screw rod rotate the 3D printer of extruding continuously except following technical characterictic with embodiment 1: for better, print faster, described extrusion mechanism 2 and elevating mechanism 3 all have 2 covers, and the described extrusion mechanism 2 of 2 cover is installed in housing 1 by 2 cover elevating mechanism 3 symmetries respectively.Adopt two extrusion mechanisms 2, this can process the material of two kinds of dissimilar materials or two kinds of different colours simultaneously, thereby further meets user's particular demands.
Embodiment 4
This based on screw rod rotate the 3D printer of extruding continuously except following technical characterictic with embodiment 2: for better, print faster, described extrusion mechanism 2 and elevating mechanism 3 all have 2 covers, and the described extrusion mechanism 2 of 2 cover is installed in housing 1 by 2 cover elevating mechanism 3 symmetries respectively.Adopt two extrusion mechanisms 2, this can process the material of two kinds of dissimilar materials or two kinds of different colours simultaneously, thereby further meets user's particular demands.Simultaneously more even in order to allow printed material mix, the present embodiment has also adopted double-helical screw mechanism.
Above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, can not limit the present invention, and other any change or other equivalent substitute mode that does not deviate from technical scheme of the present invention and make, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.