技术领域technical field
本发明涉及医疗设备领域，尤其涉及一种低成本的PACE波检测装置及方法。The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a low-cost PACE wave detection device and method.
背景技术Background technique
某些心脏病患者体内植入了心脏起搏器，心脏起搏器产生电脉冲触发心脏搏动，维持患者血液流动，以维持生命，心脏起搏器产生电脉冲在医学上称之为PACE波。PACE波与生理电信号被测量电路同时检测，若无法将PACE准确识别出来，将导致心电测量错误；当PACE波幅度较大时，PACE波还会被调制到呼吸波上，影响呼吸波形。Some heart disease patients are implanted with a pacemaker. The pacemaker generates electrical pulses to trigger the heartbeat to maintain the blood flow of the patient to maintain life. The electrical pulses generated by the pacemaker are called PACE waves in medicine. The PACE wave and the physiological electrical signal are detected by the measurement circuit at the same time. If the PACE cannot be accurately identified, it will lead to an error in the ECG measurement; when the PACE wave amplitude is large, the PACE wave will also be modulated onto the respiratory wave, affecting the respiratory waveform.
根据ANSI/AAMI EC13:2002标准，监护仪PACE波幅度为±2mV～±700mV，极化电压输入范围为±300mV，心电信号幅度为±5mV。三者相加信号幅度最大超过±1V，如此宽的信号幅度范围，若硬件电路对信号进行高倍数放大，那么当PACE幅度较大时，电路就会出现饱和，导致PACE波检测失败。因此若采用低倍数放大的方式对PACE波进行检测，就要提高模数转换器(ADC)的位数，那么势必提高了模数转换器的成本。According to the ANSI/AAMI EC13:2002 standard, the PACE wave amplitude of the monitor is ±2mV～±700mV, the polarization voltage input range is ±300mV, and the ECG signal amplitude is ±5mV. The maximum signal amplitude of the three combined exceeds ±1V. With such a wide signal amplitude range, if the hardware circuit amplifies the signal with a high multiple, then when the PACE amplitude is large, the circuit will be saturated, resulting in the failure of PACE wave detection. Therefore, if the PACE wave is detected by using a low multiple amplification method, the number of bits of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) must be increased, and the cost of the analog-to-digital converter must be increased.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术中的问题，本发明提供了一种低成本的PACE波检测装置。In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a low-cost PACE wave detection device.
本发明提供了一种低成本的PACE波检测装置，包括信号采集单元、信号放大单元、直流抵消及放大单元、PACE波智能检测单元，所述信号采集单元用于从人体获取具有PACE波的生理信号；The invention provides a low-cost PACE wave detection device, which includes a signal acquisition unit, a signal amplification unit, a DC offset and amplification unit, and a PACE wave intelligent detection unit. Signal;
所述信号放大单元与所述信号采集单元相连，所述信号放大单元用于对生理信号进行一级放大；The signal amplifying unit is connected to the signal acquisition unit, and the signal amplifying unit is used to amplify the physiological signal at the first level;
所述直流抵消及放大单元与所述信号放大单元相连，用于接收经一级放大的生理信号；The DC offset and amplifying unit is connected to the signal amplifying unit for receiving the physiological signal amplified by the first stage;
所述PACE波智能检测单元包括模数转换模块、数模转换模块、控制与数字信号处理模块，所述模数转换模块分别与所述信号放大单元及所述直流抵消及放大单元相连，用于分别将所述信号放大单元和所述直流抵消及放大单元传输的模拟的生理信号转换为数字信号；所述模数转换模块位数为小于等于12位，所述模数转换模块采样率为大于等于4KHz；所述控制与数字信号处理模块与所述模数转换模块相连，用于接收所述模数转换模块输出的数字信号；The PACE wave intelligent detection unit includes an analog-to-digital conversion module, a digital-to-analog conversion module, a control and digital signal processing module, and the analog-to-digital conversion module is respectively connected to the signal amplification unit and the DC offset and amplification unit for respectively converting the analog physiological signals transmitted by the signal amplifying unit and the DC offsetting and amplifying unit into digital signals; Equal to 4KHz; the control and digital signal processing module is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion module for receiving the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module;
所述数模转换模块分别与所述控制与数字信号处理模块及所述直流抵消及放大单元相连，用于接收控制与数字信号处理模块输出的具有直流偏置信号的数字信号，并将该数字信号转换为具有直流偏置信号的模拟信号，且将该模拟信号传输给所述直流抵消及放大单元；The digital-to-analog conversion module is respectively connected to the control and digital signal processing module and the DC offset and amplification unit, and is used to receive the digital signal with a DC bias signal output by the control and digital signal processing module, and convert the digital converting the signal into an analog signal with a DC bias signal, and transmitting the analog signal to the DC offset and amplification unit;
所述控制与数字信号处理模块用于获取信号放大单元传输的模拟生理信号经模数转换单元转换的数字信号，并提取该数字信号中的PACE波信号，并判断PACE波信号强弱，若是强PACE波信号，则直接对该数字信号进行数据处理；若是弱PACE波信号，则控制与数字信号处理模块从该数字信号中提取直流偏置信号，并控制该直流偏置信号经数模转换模块转换为的模拟信号、且将该模拟信号输出给直流抵消及放大单元；所述直流抵消及放大单元用于将该经一级放大的生理信号与所述具有直流偏置信号的模拟信号做差进行直流抵消，获得直流抵消信号，再对抵消后的信号进行二级放大，控制与数字信号处理模块从二级放大后的直流抵消信号中的检测PACE波信号；The control and digital signal processing module is used to obtain the digital signal converted by the analog physiological signal transmitted by the signal amplification unit through the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and extract the PACE wave signal in the digital signal, and judge the strength of the PACE wave signal, if it is strong If it is a PACE wave signal, then directly process the digital signal; if it is a weak PACE wave signal, the control and digital signal processing module extracts the DC bias signal from the digital signal, and controls the DC bias signal to pass through the digital-to-analog conversion module converted into an analog signal, and output the analog signal to a DC offset and amplifying unit; the DC offset and amplifying unit is used to make a difference between the physiological signal amplified by the first stage and the analog signal with a DC bias signal Perform DC offset to obtain a DC offset signal, and then perform secondary amplification on the offset signal, and the control and digital signal processing module detects the PACE wave signal from the DC offset signal after the secondary amplification;
在输入信号PACE的幅度[2mV,700mV]范围内设定一个幅度中间值y，y∈[2,700]mV，在[2，y]mV范围内的PACE波信号为弱PACE波信号，在[y,700]mV范围内的PACE波信号为强PACE波信号。Set an intermediate value y of the amplitude of the input signal PACE within the range [2mV, 700mV], y∈[2,700]mV, the PACE wave signal in the range of [2, y]mV is a weak PACE wave signal, in [y ,700]mV range of PACE wave signal is a strong PACE wave signal.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述信号放大单元包括第一差分信号放大模块、第一差分转单端电路模块，所述第一差分信号放大模块与所述信号采集单元相连，所述第一差分信号放大模块用于对具有PACE波的生理信号进行放大为差分信号；所述第一差分转单端电路模块分别与所述第一差分信号放大模块、所述模数转换模块和所述直流抵消及放大单元相连，所述第一差分转单端电路模块用于将差分信号转换为单端信号输出给所述模数转换模块和所述直流抵消及放大单元。As a further improvement of the present invention, the signal amplifying unit includes a first differential signal amplifying module and a first differential-to-single-ended circuit module, the first differential signal amplifying module is connected to the signal acquisition unit, and the first differential signal The signal amplification module is used to amplify the physiological signal with PACE wave into a differential signal; the first differential to single-ended circuit module is respectively connected with the first differential signal amplification module, the analog-to-digital conversion module and the DC offset and the amplifying unit, and the first differential-to-single-ended circuit module is used to convert the differential signal into a single-ended signal and output it to the analog-to-digital conversion module and the DC offset and amplifying unit.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述信号放大单元还包括通道选择模块，所述通道选择模块分别与所述信号采集单元、所述第一差分信号放大模块相连，所述通道选择模块用于进行心电通道的切换，并将生理信号通过心电通道传输给所述第一差分信号放大模块。As a further improvement of the present invention, the signal amplifying unit further includes a channel selection module, the channel selection module is respectively connected to the signal acquisition unit and the first differential signal amplifying module, and the channel selection module is used for heart switch the electrical channel, and transmit the physiological signal to the first differential signal amplification module through the electrocardiographic channel.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述通道选择模块包括模拟开关，所述模拟开关用于对各个心电通道进行切换。As a further improvement of the present invention, the channel selection module includes an analog switch for switching each ECG channel.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述直流抵消及放大单元包括减法器、第二差分信号放大模块、第二差分转单端电路模块，所述减法器分别与所述数模转换模块和所述信号放大单元相连，所述减法器用于将经一级放大的生理信号与所述具有直流偏置信号的模拟信号做差进行直流抵消，获得直流抵消信号；所述第二差分信号放大模块与所述减法器相连，用于对直流抵消信号进行二级放大；所述第二差分转单端电路模块分别与所述信号放大单元和所述模数转换模块相连，所述第二差分转单端电路模块用于将二级放大后的差分信号转换为单端信号输出给所述模数转换模块。As a further improvement of the present invention, the DC offset and amplifying unit includes a subtractor, a second differential signal amplification module, and a second differential-to-single-ended circuit module, and the subtractor is connected to the digital-to-analog conversion module and the signal The amplifying unit is connected, and the subtractor is used to make a difference between the first-stage amplified physiological signal and the analog signal with a DC bias signal for DC offset to obtain a DC offset signal; the second differential signal amplification module is connected to the The subtractor is connected to perform secondary amplification on the DC offset signal; the second differential-to-single-ended circuit module is connected to the signal amplification unit and the analog-to-digital conversion module respectively, and the second differential-to-single-ended circuit module The module is used to convert the secondary amplified differential signal into a single-ended signal and output it to the analog-to-digital conversion module.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述控制与数字信号处理单元包括PACE通道控制模块，所述PACE通道控制模块与所述通道选择模块相连，所述PACE通道控制模块用于输出PACE通道的开关选择。As a further improvement of the present invention, the control and digital signal processing unit includes a PACE channel control module, the PACE channel control module is connected to the channel selection module, and the PACE channel control module is used to output switch selection of the PACE channel.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述控制与数字信号处理模块包括带通滤波模块、PACE特征参数提取模块，所述带通滤波模块与所述模数转换模块相连，所述带通滤波模块用于对模数转换模块输出的数字信号进行数字滤波，提取数字信号中的PACE波信号；所述PACE特征参数提取模块分别与所述带通滤波模块和所述数模转换模块相连，所述PACE特征参数提取模块用于对PACE波信号进行提取PACE特征参数，并将提取的PACE特征参数传输给所述数模转换模块。As a further improvement of the present invention, the control and digital signal processing module includes a band-pass filter module and a PACE characteristic parameter extraction module, the band-pass filter module is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion module, and the band-pass filter module is used for Carry out digital filtering to the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module, and extract the PACE wave signal in the digital signal; the PACE feature parameter extraction module is connected with the band-pass filter module and the digital-to-analog conversion module respectively, and the PACE feature The parameter extraction module is used to extract PACE characteristic parameters from the PACE wave signal, and transmit the extracted PACE characteristic parameters to the digital-to-analog conversion module.
本发明还提供了一种使用所述PACE波检测装置进行检测的方法，包括如下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for detecting using the PACE wave detection device, comprising the steps of:
A.信号采集，通过信号采集单元从人体获取具有PACE波的生理信号；A. Signal acquisition, the physiological signal with PACE wave is obtained from the human body through the signal acquisition unit;
B.一级差分放大，通过信号放大单元对所述信号采集单元输出的模拟的生理信号进行一级放大；B. One-stage differential amplification, performing one-stage amplification on the analog physiological signal output by the signal acquisition unit through the signal amplifying unit;
C.模数转换，通过模数转换模块将所述信号放大单元输出的模拟信号转换为数字信号；C. analog-to-digital conversion, the analog signal output by the signal amplifying unit is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital conversion module;
D.判断PACE波信号强弱，若是强PACE波信号，那么通过所述控制与数字信号处理模块进行数据处理；若是弱PACE波信号，那么进行二级放大步骤；D. Judging the strength of the PACE wave signal, if it is a strong PACE wave signal, then carry out data processing through the control and digital signal processing module; if it is a weak PACE wave signal, then perform a secondary amplification step;
所述二级放大步骤包括如下步骤：The secondary amplification step comprises the following steps:
第一步：直流抵消及二级放大，所述控制与数字信号处理模块将弱PACE波信号中的直流偏置值信号经数模转换模块转换为模拟信号、且将该模拟信号输出给直流抵消及放大单元，并且控制与数字信号处理模块控制所述信号放大单元将一级放大后的生理信号输出给所述直流抵消及放大单元，所述直流抵消及放大单元用信号放大单元输出的一级放大后的生理信号减去所述数模转换模块输出的直流偏置值进行直流抵消，获得直流抵消信号，再对抵消后的信号进行二级放大；The first step: DC offset and secondary amplification, the control and digital signal processing module converts the DC bias value signal in the weak PACE wave signal into an analog signal through the digital-to-analog conversion module, and outputs the analog signal to the DC offset and the amplifying unit, and the control and digital signal processing module controls the signal amplifying unit to output the first-stage amplified physiological signal to the direct-current offsetting and amplifying unit, and the direct-current offsetting and amplifying unit uses the first-stage signal outputted by the signal amplifying unit The amplified physiological signal subtracts the DC offset value output by the digital-to-analog conversion module to perform DC offset to obtain a DC offset signal, and then performs secondary amplification on the offset signal;
第二步：模数转换，通过模数转换模块将所述直流抵消及放大单元输出的经二级放大的模拟信号转换为数字信号；The second step: analog-to-digital conversion, converting the secondary amplified analog signal output by the DC offset and amplification unit into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital conversion module;
第三步：数字信号处理，通过所述控制与数字信号处理模块对所述模数转换模块输出的数字信号进行检测PACE波信号；The third step: digital signal processing, through the control and digital signal processing module to detect the PACE wave signal of the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module;
在输入信号PACE的幅度[2mV,700mV]范围内设定一个幅度中间值y，y∈[2,700]mV，在[2，y]mV范围内的PACE波信号为弱PACE波信号，在[y,700]mV范围内的PACE波信号为强PACE波信号。Set an intermediate value y of the amplitude of the input signal PACE within the range [2mV, 700mV], y∈[2,700]mV, the PACE wave signal in the range of [2, y]mV is a weak PACE wave signal, in [y ,700]mV range of PACE wave signal is a strong PACE wave signal.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述数据处理包括数字滤波，滤掉高低频噪声，滤除掉心电信号，实现对PACE波信号的提取，对提取的PACE波信号进一步提取PACE特征参数。As a further improvement of the present invention, the data processing includes digital filtering, filtering out high and low frequency noise, filtering out ECG signals, realizing the extraction of PACE wave signals, and further extracting PACE characteristic parameters from the extracted PACE wave signals.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述PACE特征参数包括上升/下降沿、脉冲宽度、PACE幅度、以及信号直流偏置。As a further improvement of the present invention, the PACE characteristic parameters include rising/falling edges, pulse width, PACE amplitude, and signal DC bias.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明所使用的两级放大电路以及直流抵消电路配合软件巧妙的实现了低位数模数转换器对PACE波的检测，极大程度的降低了硬件成本，同时保证了高可靠性的PACE波检测。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the two-stage amplifying circuit and the DC offset circuit used in the present invention cooperate with the software to realize the detection of the PACE wave by the low-digit analog-to-digital converter, greatly reducing the hardware cost and ensuring High reliability PACE wave detection.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的PACE波检测装置原理框图。Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the PACE wave detection device of the present invention.
图2是本发明的信号放大单元原理框图。Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the signal amplifying unit of the present invention.
图3是本发明的直流抵消及放大单元原理框图。Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the DC offset and amplifying unit of the present invention.
图4是本发明的控制与数字信号处理单元原理框图。Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of the control and digital signal processing unit of the present invention.
图5是本发明的方法流程图。Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，本发明公开了一种低成本的PACE波检测装置，包括信号采集单元201、信号放大单元202、直流抵消及放大单元203、PACE波智能检测单元204，所述信号采集单元201用于从人体获取具有PACE波的生理信号；As shown in Figure 1, the present invention discloses a low-cost PACE wave detection device, including a signal acquisition unit 201, a signal amplification unit 202, a DC offset and amplification unit 203, and a PACE wave intelligent detection unit 204, the signal acquisition unit 201 is used to acquire physiological signals with PACE waves from the human body;
所述信号放大单元202与所述信号采集单元201相连，所述信号放大单元202用于对生理信号进行一级放大；The signal amplifying unit 202 is connected to the signal acquisition unit 201, and the signal amplifying unit 202 is used to amplify the physiological signal at the first stage;
所述直流抵消及放大单元203与所述信号放大单元202相连，用于接收经一级放大的生理信号；The DC canceling and amplifying unit 203 is connected to the signal amplifying unit 202 for receiving the physiological signal amplified by the first stage;
所述PACE波智能检测单元204包括模数转换模块2041、数模转换模块2042、控制与数字信号处理模块2043，所述模数转换模块2041分别与所述信号放大单元202及所述直流抵消及放大单元203相连，用于分别将所述信号放大单元202和所述直流抵消及放大单元203传输的模拟的生理信号转换为数字信号；所述模数转换模块2041位数为小于等于12位，所述模数转换模块2041采样率为大于等于4KHz；所述控制与数字信号处理模块2043与所述模数转换模块2041相连，用于接收所述模数转换模块2041输出的数字信号；The PACE wave intelligent detection unit 204 includes an analog-to-digital conversion module 2041, a digital-to-analog conversion module 2042, a control and digital signal processing module 2043, and the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 is respectively connected to the signal amplification unit 202 and the DC offset and The amplifying unit 203 is connected to convert the analog physiological signal transmitted by the signal amplifying unit 202 and the DC offset and amplifying unit 203 into a digital signal; the number of bits of the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 is less than or equal to 12 bits, The sampling rate of the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 is greater than or equal to 4KHz; the control and digital signal processing module 2043 is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 for receiving the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041;
所述数模转换模块2042分别与所述控制与数字信号处理模块2043及所述直流抵消及放大单元203相连，用于接收控制与数字信号处理模块2043输出的具有直流偏置信号的数字信号，并将该数字信号转换为具有直流偏置信号的模拟信号，且将该模拟信号传输给所述直流抵消及放大单元203；The digital-to-analog conversion module 2042 is respectively connected to the control and digital signal processing module 2043 and the DC offset and amplification unit 203, and is used to receive the digital signal with a DC bias signal output by the control and digital signal processing module 2043, and converting the digital signal into an analog signal with a DC bias signal, and transmitting the analog signal to the DC offset and amplification unit 203;
所述控制与数字信号处理模块2043用于获取信号放大单元202传输的模拟生理信号经模数转换单元转换的数字信号，并提取该数字信号中的PACE波信号，并判断PACE波信号强弱，若是强PACE波信号，则直接对该数字信号进行数据处理；若是弱PACE波信号，则控制与数字信号处理模块2043从该数字信号中提取直流偏置信号，并控制该直流偏置信号经数模转换模块2042转换为的模拟信号、且将该模拟信号输出给直流抵消及放大单元203；所述直流抵消及放大单元203用于将该经一级放大的生理信号与所述具有直流偏置信号的模拟信号做差进行直流抵消，获得直流抵消信号，再对抵消后的信号进行二级放大，控制与数字信号处理模块2043从二级放大后的直流抵消信号中的检测PACE波信号；The control and digital signal processing module 2043 is used to acquire the digital signal converted by the analog-to-digital conversion unit from the analog physiological signal transmitted by the signal amplifying unit 202, extract the PACE wave signal in the digital signal, and judge the strength of the PACE wave signal, If it is a strong PACE wave signal, then directly perform data processing on the digital signal; if it is a weak PACE wave signal, the control and digital signal processing module 2043 extracts a DC bias signal from the digital signal, and controls the DC bias signal to pass through the digital signal. The analog signal converted by the analog conversion module 2042 is output to the DC offset and amplification unit 203; the DC offset and amplification unit 203 is used to combine the physiological signal amplified by the first stage with the The analog signal of the signal is subtracted to perform DC offset to obtain a DC offset signal, and then perform secondary amplification on the offset signal, and the control and digital signal processing module 2043 detects the PACE wave signal from the DC offset signal after the secondary amplification;
在输入信号PACE的幅度[2mV,700mV]范围内设定一个幅度中间值y，y∈[2,700]mV，在[2，y]mV范围内的PACE波信号为弱PACE波信号，在[y,700]mV范围内的PACE波信号为强PACE波信号。Set an intermediate value y of the amplitude of the input signal PACE within the range [2mV, 700mV], y∈[2,700]mV, the PACE wave signal in the range of [2, y]mV is a weak PACE wave signal, in [y ,700]mV range of PACE wave signal is a strong PACE wave signal.
信号采集单元201从人体获取具有PACE波的生理信号，该生理信号包括心电和PACE波混合信号。The signal acquisition unit 201 acquires physiological signals with PACE waves from the human body, and the physiological signals include mixed signals of ECG and PACE waves.
因PACE波信号和心电信号同属电信号，两者混叠，可以从原始的心电信号中采集PACE波信号，信号采集单元201用于从人体获取心电和PACE混合信号。Because the PACE wave signal and the ECG signal belong to electrical signals, the two are aliased, and the PACE wave signal can be collected from the original ECG signal. The signal acquisition unit 201 is used to obtain the mixed signal of ECG and PACE from the human body.
信号放大单元202把PACE波信号放大到合适的范围内，保证强PACE波信号幅度全范围可检测。The signal amplifying unit 202 amplifies the PACE wave signal to an appropriate range to ensure that the strong PACE wave signal amplitude can be detected in a full range.
模数转换模块2041输入端分别连接信号放大单元202和直流抵消及放大单元203，该模数转换模块2041用于把2路模拟信号分别转换为数字信号，具体使用哪一路信号进行数字信号处理由控制与数字信号处理模块2043确定。The input ends of the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 are respectively connected to the signal amplification unit 202 and the DC offset and amplification unit 203. The analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 is used to convert the two analog signals into digital signals respectively. Which signal to use for digital signal processing is determined by The control and digital signal processing module 2043 determines.
模数转换模块2041使用低位数ADC，以降低电路的成本。ANSI/AAMIEC13:2002规定需要检测的PACE波信号宽度为0.1ms～2ms，因此必须尽可能地提高采样率。The analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 uses a low-bit ADC to reduce the cost of the circuit. ANSI/AAMIEC13:2002 stipulates that the width of the PACE wave signal to be detected is 0.1ms to 2ms, so the sampling rate must be increased as much as possible.
数模转换模块2042用于把控制与数字信号处理模块2043输出的直流偏置数字信号转换为模拟信号。The digital-to-analog conversion module 2042 is used to convert the DC bias digital signal output by the control and digital signal processing module 2043 into an analog signal.
控制与数字信号处理模块2043对模数转换后的信号进行数字信号处理，并实现电路的控制。The control and digital signal processing module 2043 performs digital signal processing on the signal after analog-to-digital conversion, and realizes circuit control.
如图2所示，所述信号放大单元202包括第一差分信号放大模块2022、第一差分转单端电路模块2023，所述第一差分信号放大模块2022与所述信号采集单元201相连，所述第一差分信号放大模块2022用于对具有PACE波的生理信号进行放大为差分信号；所述第一差分转单端电路模块2023分别与所述第一差分信号放大模块2022、所述模数转换模块2041和所述直流抵消及放大单元203相连，所述第一差分转单端电路模块2023用于将差分信号转换为单端信号输出给所述模数转换模块2041和所述直流抵消及放大单元203。As shown in FIG. 2 , the signal amplifying unit 202 includes a first differential signal amplifying module 2022 and a first differential-to-single-ended circuit module 2023, and the first differential signal amplifying module 2022 is connected to the signal acquisition unit 201, so The first differential signal amplification module 2022 is used to amplify the physiological signal with PACE wave into a differential signal; The conversion module 2041 is connected to the DC offset and amplification unit 203, and the first differential-to-single-ended circuit module 2023 is used to convert the differential signal into a single-ended signal and output it to the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 and the DC offset and amplification unit 203. Amplifying unit 203 .
所述信号放大单元202还包括通道选择模块2021，所述通道选择模块2021分别与所述信号采集单元201、所述第一差分信号放大模块2022相连，所述通道选择模块2021用于进行心电通道的切换，并将生理信号通过心电通道传输给所述第一差分信号放大模块2022；所述通道选择模块2021与所述控制与数字信号处理单元2043相连，所述控制与数字信号处理单元2043控制心电通道的切换。The signal amplification unit 202 also includes a channel selection module 2021, the channel selection module 2021 is connected to the signal acquisition unit 201 and the first differential signal amplification module 2022 respectively, and the channel selection module 2021 is used for ECG channel switching, and transmit physiological signals to the first differential signal amplification module 2022 through the ECG channel; the channel selection module 2021 is connected to the control and digital signal processing unit 2043, and the control and digital signal processing unit 2043 controls switching of ECG channels.
所述通道选择模块2021包括模拟开关，所述模拟开关用于对各个心电通道进行切换。The channel selection module 2021 includes an analog switch for switching each ECG channel.
通道选择模块2021，为减小硬件电路的复杂程度和降低硬件成本，通过使用模拟开关对各个心电通道进行切换，实现了一个电路完成多通道检测的任务。The channel selection module 2021, in order to reduce the complexity of the hardware circuit and reduce the hardware cost, uses an analog switch to switch each ECG channel, realizing the task of one circuit to complete multi-channel detection.
第一差分信号放大模块2022是一个差分放大器，该差分放大器对PACE波信号和心电信号进行同步放大，不进行滤波器处理，PACE波信号和心电信号的分离完全由软件实现，进一步节省电路结构降低成本；该差分放大器的增益为x1。The first differential signal amplification module 2022 is a differential amplifier, which synchronously amplifies the PACE wave signal and the ECG signal without filter processing, and the separation of the PACE wave signal and the ECG signal is completely realized by software, further saving circuits The structure reduces the cost; the gain of the differential amplifier is x1.
考虑到MCU芯片一般没有信号差分输入，所以通过第一差分转单端电路模块2023把差分信号转为单端输入信号。Considering that MCU chips generally do not have signal differential input, the differential signal is converted into a single-end input signal through the first differential-to-single-end circuit module 2023 .
如图3所示，所述直流抵消及放大单元203包括减法器2031、第二差分信号放大模块2032、第二差分转单端电路模块2033，所述减法器分别与所述数模转换模块2042和所述信号放大单元202相连，所述减法器用于将经一级放大的生理信号与所述具有直流偏置信号的模拟信号做差进行直流抵消，获得直流抵消信号；所述第二差分信号放大模块2032与所述减法器2031相连，用于对直流抵消信号进行二级放大；所述第二差分转单端电路模块2033分别与所述信号放大单元202和所述模数转换模块2041相连，所述第二差分转单端电路模块2033用于将二级放大后的差分信号转换为单端信号输出给所述模数转换模块2041。As shown in Figure 3, the DC offset and amplification unit 203 includes a subtractor 2031, a second differential signal amplification module 2032, and a second differential-to-single-ended circuit module 2033, and the subtractor is connected to the digital-to-analog conversion module 2042 respectively. Connected to the signal amplifying unit 202, the subtractor is used to make a difference between the first-stage amplified physiological signal and the analog signal with a DC bias signal for DC offset to obtain a DC offset signal; the second differential signal The amplifying module 2032 is connected to the subtractor 2031, and is used for performing secondary amplification on the DC offset signal; the second differential-to-single-ended circuit module 2033 is connected to the signal amplifying unit 202 and the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 respectively , the second differential-to-single-ended circuit module 2033 is used to convert the secondary amplified differential signal into a single-ended signal and output it to the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 .
直流抵消及放大单元203的主要作用是把弱PACE波信号进行二级放大到合适的范围内，保证弱PACE波信号大幅度全范围可检测。The main function of the DC offsetting and amplifying unit 203 is to amplify the weak PACE wave signal to a suitable range in the second stage, so as to ensure that the weak PACE wave signal can be detected in a large amplitude and a full range.
减法器2031用于减掉数模转换模块2042输出的直流值，抵消电路中的直流分量，防止由于直流分量放大引起的电路饱和，扩大电路的动态范围。The subtractor 2031 is used to subtract the DC value output by the digital-to-analog conversion module 2042, offset the DC component in the circuit, prevent circuit saturation caused by DC component amplification, and expand the dynamic range of the circuit.
第二差分信号放大模块2032是一个差分放大器，该差分放大器对弱PACE波信号和心电信号进行同步放大，不进行滤波器处理，PACE波信号和心电信号的后续分离完全仍旧由软件实现；该差分放大器的增益为x2。The second differential signal amplification module 2032 is a differential amplifier, which synchronously amplifies the weak PACE wave signal and the ECG signal without filter processing, and the subsequent separation of the PACE wave signal and the ECG signal is completely still implemented by software; The differential amplifier has a gain of x2.
第二差分转单端电路模块2033用于把差分信号转为单端信号。The second differential-to-single-ended circuit module 2033 is used to convert differential signals into single-ended signals.
如图4所示，所述控制与数字信号处理模块2043包括PACE通道控制模块20433，所述PACE通道控制模块20433与所述通道选择模块2021相连，所述PACE通道控制模块20433用于输出PACE通道的开关选择。As shown in Figure 4, the control and digital signal processing module 2043 includes a PACE channel control module 20433, the PACE channel control module 20433 is connected to the channel selection module 2021, and the PACE channel control module 20433 is used to output the PACE channel switch selection.
所述控制与数字信号处理模块2043包括带通滤波模块20431、PACE特征参数提取模块20432，所述带通滤波模块20431与所述模数转换模块2041相连，所述带通滤波模块20431用于对模数转换模块2041输出的数字信号进行数字滤波，滤掉高低频噪声，滤除掉心电信号，实现对PACE波信号的提取；所述PACE特征参数提取模块20432分别与所述带通滤波模块20431和所述数模转换模块2042相连，所述PACE特征参数提取模块20432用于对PACE波信号进行提取PACE特征参数，并将提取的PACE特征参数传输给所述数模转换模块2042；所述PACE特征参数包括上升/下降沿、脉冲宽度、PACE幅度、以及信号直流偏置。The control and digital signal processing module 2043 includes a band-pass filter module 20431 and a PACE characteristic parameter extraction module 20432, the band-pass filter module 20431 is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041, and the band-pass filter module 20431 is used for The digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 is digitally filtered to filter out high and low frequency noise, filter out the ECG signal, and realize the extraction of the PACE wave signal; the PACE feature parameter extraction module 20432 is connected with the band-pass filter module respectively 20431 is connected to the digital-to-analog conversion module 2042, and the PACE characteristic parameter extraction module 20432 is used to extract PACE characteristic parameters from the PACE wave signal, and transmit the extracted PACE characteristic parameters to the digital-to-analog conversion module 2042; PACE characteristic parameters include rising/falling edge, pulse width, PACE amplitude, and signal DC bias.
直流偏置获取方法为：模数转换模块2041进行模数转换后的原始数据减掉PACE波信号后，计算一段时间内信号的平均值。The method for obtaining the DC bias is as follows: after subtracting the PACE wave signal from the original data after the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 performs the analog-to-digital conversion, calculate the average value of the signal within a period of time.
如图5所示，本发明还公开了一种使用所述PACE波检测装置进行检测的方法，包括如下步骤：As shown in Figure 5, the present invention also discloses a method for detecting using the PACE wave detection device, comprising the following steps:
在步骤S1中，信号采集，通过信号采集单元201从人体获取具有PACE波的生理信号；In step S1, signal acquisition, the physiological signal with PACE wave is acquired from the human body through the signal acquisition unit 201;
PACE波信号检测的输入波幅度为±2mV～±700mV，范围非常的广，本发明的方法中，在输入信号PACE的幅度[2mV,700mV]范围内设定一个的幅度中间值y，y∈[2,700]mV，在[2，y]mV范围内的PACE波信号为弱PACE波信号；在[y,700]mV范围内的PACE波信号为强PACE波信号。The input wave amplitude of PACE wave signal detection is ± 2mV～±700mV, and scope is very wide, and in the method of the present invention, in the amplitude [2mV, 700mV] scope of input signal PACE, set an amplitude intermediate value y, y∈ [2,700]mV, the PACE wave signal in the range of [2,y]mV is a weak PACE wave signal; the PACE wave signal in the range of [y,700]mV is a strong PACE wave signal.
下文所提到的强PACE波信号，弱PACE波信号特指以上范围内的特定PACE波信号。The strong PACE wave signal mentioned below and the weak PACE wave signal refer to specific PACE wave signals within the above range.
在步骤S2中，一级差分放大，通过信号放大单元202对所述信号采集单元201输出的生理信号进行一级放大；In step S2, one-stage differential amplification is performed on the physiological signal output by the signal acquisition unit 201 through the signal amplifying unit 202;
在步骤S2中，进行一级放大倍数为X1，经过一级放大后，强PACE波信号叠加电路直流分量的混合信号既不会饱和(表现为电压幅度超过电路的最大输出范围)，又全范围获得了更大的幅度，经过模数转换后可以获得非常好的信号精度，直接进行数字信号处理。经过一级放大后，可以保证强PACE波信号全范围可检测。In step S2, the first-level amplification factor is X1. After the first-level amplification, the mixed signal of the DC component of the strong PACE wave signal superposition circuit will not be saturated (expressed as the voltage amplitude exceeding the maximum output range of the circuit), and the full range A larger amplitude is obtained, and very good signal accuracy can be obtained after analog-to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing is performed directly. After one stage of amplification, it can ensure that strong PACE wave signals can be detected in a full range.
在步骤S3中，模数转换，通过模数转换模块2041将所述信号放大单元202输出的模拟信号转换为数字信号；In step S3, analog-to-digital conversion, the analog signal output by the signal amplifying unit 202 is converted into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041;
在步骤S4中，判断PACE波信号强弱，若是强PACE波信号，那么通过所述控制与数字信号处理模块2043进行数据处理；若是弱PACE波信号，那么进行二级放大步骤。In step S4, determine the strength of the PACE wave signal, if it is a strong PACE wave signal, then perform data processing through the control and digital signal processing module 2043; if it is a weak PACE wave signal, then perform a secondary amplification step.
在步骤S4中，软件对经过一级放大后采集到的数字信号幅度判断，如果幅度在[2，y]内，则判断为弱PACE波信号，需要进行进一步的放大，执行二级放大步骤；如果幅度在[y,700mV]范围内则判断为强PACE波信号，可以直接进行数据处理。In step S4, the software judges the amplitude of the digital signal collected after the first stage of amplification. If the amplitude is within [2, y], it is judged to be a weak PACE wave signal, and further amplification is required, and a second stage of amplification is performed; If the amplitude is within the range of [y,700mV], it is judged to be a strong PACE wave signal, and data processing can be performed directly.
二级放大步骤包括如下步骤：The secondary amplification step includes the following steps:
在步骤W1中：直流抵消及二级放大，所述控制与数字信号处理模块2043将弱PACE波信号中的直流偏置值信号经数模转换模块2042转换为模拟信号、且将该模拟信号输出给直流抵消及放大单元203，并且控制与数字信号处理模块2043控制所述信号放大单元202将一级放大后的生理信号输出给所述直流抵消及放大单元203，所述直流抵消及放大单元203用信号放大单元202输出的一级放大后的生理信号减去所述数模转换模块2042输出的直流偏置值进行直流抵消，获得直流抵消信号，再对抵消后的信号进行二级放大；In step W1: DC offset and secondary amplification, the control and digital signal processing module 2043 converts the DC bias value signal in the weak PACE wave signal into an analog signal through the digital-to-analog conversion module 2042, and outputs the analog signal to the DC offsetting and amplifying unit 203, and the control and digital signal processing module 2043 controls the signal amplifying unit 202 to output the first-stage amplified physiological signal to the DC offsetting and amplifying unit 203, and the DC offsetting and amplifying unit 203 subtracting the DC offset value output by the digital-to-analog conversion module 2042 from the physiological signal output by the signal amplifying unit 202 to obtain a DC offset signal, and then performing secondary amplification on the offset signal;
在步骤W2中：模数转换，通过模数转换模块2041将所述直流抵消及放大单元203输出的经二级放大的模拟信号转换为数字信号；In step W2: analog-to-digital conversion, converting the secondary amplified analog signal output by the DC offset and amplification unit 203 into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041;
在步骤W3中：数字信号处理，通过所述控制与数字信号处理模块2043对所述模数转换模块2041输出的数字信号进行检测PACE波信号。In step W3: digital signal processing, the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 is detected by the control and digital signal processing module 2043 to detect the PACE wave signal.
在输入信号PACE的幅度[2mV,700mV]范围内设定一个幅度中间值y，y∈[2,700]mV，在[2，y]mV范围内的PACE波信号为弱PACE波信号，在[y,700]mV范围内的PACE波信号为强PACE波信号。Set an intermediate value y of the amplitude of the input signal PACE within the range [2mV, 700mV], y∈[2,700]mV, the PACE wave signal in the range of [2, y]mV is a weak PACE wave signal, in [y ,700]mV range of PACE wave signal is a strong PACE wave signal.
所述数据处理包括数字滤波，滤掉高低频噪声，滤除掉心电信号，实现对PACE波信号的提取，对提取的PACE波信号进一步提取PACE特征参数。The data processing includes digital filtering, filtering out high and low frequency noise, filtering out electrocardiographic signals, realizing the extraction of PACE wave signals, and further extracting PACE characteristic parameters from the extracted PACE wave signals.
所述PACE特征参数包括上升/下降沿、脉冲宽度、PACE幅度、以及信号直流偏置。The PACE characteristic parameters include rising/falling edge, pulse width, PACE amplitude, and signal DC bias.
在二级放大步骤中，对采集到的弱PACE波信号进行第二级放大，放大倍数为X2，对于弱PACE波信号，由于幅度过小，即使经过一级放大，使用低位数的模数转换器采集的信号精度仍旧不够，无法直接进行数字信号处理；弱PACE波信号需要的二级放大倍数较大，因此在放大之前，需要把系统的直流分量抵消掉，以提高电路的动态范围；二级放大的倍数为X2，X2的选取需要保证y*X1*X2的幅度不大于电路的最大输出范围，并且对弱PACE波信号经过x1*x2倍放大后，输入到低位数模数转换器后可以获得很好的信号精度，经过二级放大后可以保证弱PACE波信号全范围可检测。In the second-stage amplification step, the second-stage amplification is performed on the collected weak PACE wave signal, and the amplification factor is X2. For the weak PACE wave signal, because the amplitude is too small, even after the first-stage amplification, low-digit analog-to-digital conversion is used. The accuracy of the signal collected by the device is still not enough to directly process the digital signal; the weak PACE wave signal requires a large secondary amplification factor, so before the amplification, the DC component of the system needs to be offset to improve the dynamic range of the circuit; The multiple of stage amplification is X2, and the selection of X2 needs to ensure that the amplitude of y*X1*X2 is not greater than the maximum output range of the circuit, and after the weak PACE wave signal is amplified by x1*x2 times, it is input to the low-digit analog-to-digital converter Good signal accuracy can be obtained, and after two-stage amplification, it can ensure that weak PACE wave signals can be detected in a full range.
有益效果：本发明采用软硬件结合的方式对PACE波进行检测，软件通过多路模拟开关切换至需要检测PACE的心电通道，随之通过低倍数信号放大单元202将信号放大(称之为第一级放大电路)，放大之后通过低位数、高采样率的模数转换模块2041进行采集，软件对采集到的信号进行处理，并对比PACE波特征，若符合PACE波特征，那么PACE波在第一级放大电路便检测出来，此级仅可以采集到大幅度的PACE波。若PACE波在第一级放大电路未被检测出来，可判断PACE波幅度较小，那么第一级放大电路输出的信号将通过由软件控制抵消量的直流抵消及放大单元203抵消信号中的直流分量(即极化电压)，并通过高倍数放大电路对信号进行放大(称之为第二级放大电路)，最后通过低位数、高采样率的模数转换模块2041进行采集，软件对采集到的信号进行处理，并对比PACE波特征，即可获得低幅度的PACE波。第一级放大电路和第二级放大电路以及软件的配合使用保证了PACE波在全范围内可以被检测。Beneficial effects: the present invention detects the PACE wave by combining software and hardware. The software switches to the ECG channel that needs to detect PACE through a multi-channel analog switch, and then amplifies the signal through the low multiple signal amplification unit 202 (referred to as the first First-stage amplification circuit), after amplification, it is collected by the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 with low number of digits and high sampling rate, and the software processes the collected signal, and compares the characteristics of the PACE wave. It is detected by the first-stage amplifier circuit, and only large-amplitude PACE waves can be collected at this stage. If the PACE wave is not detected in the first-stage amplifying circuit, it can be judged that the amplitude of the PACE wave is relatively small, then the signal output by the first-stage amplifying circuit will cancel the DC in the signal through the DC offset and amplifying unit 203 which controls the amount of offset by software component (that is, polarization voltage), and the signal is amplified by a high multiple amplification circuit (called the second-stage amplification circuit), and finally collected by the analog-to-digital conversion module 2041 with a low number of bits and a high sampling rate, and the software collects By processing the signal and comparing the characteristics of the PACE wave, a low-amplitude PACE wave can be obtained. The cooperative use of the first-stage amplifying circuit and the second-stage amplifying circuit and software ensures that the PACE wave can be detected in a full range.
本发明所使用的两级放大电路以及直流抵消电路配合软件巧妙的实现了低位数模数转换器对PACE波的检测，极大程度的降低了硬件成本，同时保证了高可靠性的PACE波检测。The two-stage amplification circuit and the DC offset circuit used in the present invention cooperate with the software to realize the detection of the PACE wave by the low-bit analog-to-digital converter, which greatly reduces the hardware cost and ensures the high reliability of the PACE wave detection. .
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deduction or replacement can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410208947.1ACN103977503B (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | A kind of PACE ripple checkout gear of low cost and method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410208947.1ACN103977503B (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | A kind of PACE ripple checkout gear of low cost and method |
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| CN103977503Atrue CN103977503A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
| CN103977503B CN103977503B (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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| CN201410208947.1AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103977503B (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | A kind of PACE ripple checkout gear of low cost and method |
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