技术领域technical field
本发明属于管道检测领域，具体涉及一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置。The invention belongs to the field of pipeline detection, and in particular relates to an ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects of pipelines.
背景技术Background technique
管道在石油、化工、船舶、机械制造、能源、地质等各个领域中应用广泛，比如无缝钢管在各个行业都不可或缺，而在石油套管和输送管等应用中对其质量要求较为严格，无缝钢管在生产的过程中会产生凹坑、折叠、裂痕或脱筋等缺陷，在使用过程中这些缺陷会带来不必要的损失，因此，很多应用中要求对无缝钢管进行无损检测，一般最常用的方法是超声波无损检测。Pipelines are widely used in various fields such as petroleum, chemical industry, shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing, energy, and geology. For example, seamless steel pipes are indispensable in various industries, and the quality requirements for oil casing pipes and pipelines are relatively strict. , seamless steel pipes will have defects such as pits, folds, cracks or stripping during the production process, and these defects will bring unnecessary losses during use. Therefore, non-destructive testing of seamless steel pipes is required in many applications , the most commonly used method is ultrasonic nondestructive testing.
目前市场上的超声波检测设备已有多种，大多是在钢管外部进行探测，探测方式主要有以下两种：第一种是钢管作旋转运动，超声波探头配合，此种探测方式又可分为两类，一类为钢管作旋转运动的同时作前进运动，此时超声波探头固定不动，另一类是钢管只作旋转运动，而超声波探头作直线前进运动；第二种是钢管只作直线前进运动，而超声波探头围绕钢管做旋转运动。以上两种探测方式在一定程度上能够满足工业检测的需要，但是也存在一些难以克服的缺点：（1）当使用钢管作旋转运动进行检测的探测方式时，由于钢管的重量大，导致钢管旋转运动引起的回旋误差大；且由于钢管重量大，在旋转运动时惯性也大，旋转运动时的速度就不能太快，导致检测效率下降；（2）当使用超声波探头作旋转运动进行检测的探测方式时，检测装置中需要额外的信号耦合装置（如电刷耦合）来避免探头信号线的缠绕；（3）不论使用以上哪种方式进行检测，都需要控制钢管运动，导致整体设备的体积庞大，结构复杂，成本较高。At present, there are many kinds of ultrasonic testing equipment on the market, most of which detect outside the steel pipe. There are two main detection methods: the first is that the steel pipe rotates and the ultrasonic probe cooperates. This detection method can be divided into two types. One type is that the steel pipe rotates while moving forward while the ultrasonic probe is fixed; the other type is that the steel pipe only rotates while the ultrasonic probe moves straight forward; the second type is that the steel pipe only moves straight forward movement, while the ultrasonic probe rotates around the steel pipe. The above two detection methods can meet the needs of industrial inspection to a certain extent, but there are also some insurmountable shortcomings: (1) When the steel pipe is used for the detection method of rotating motion, due to the heavy weight of the steel pipe, the steel pipe will rotate The gyration error caused by the movement is large; and because the weight of the steel pipe is large, the inertia is also large during the rotational movement, and the speed of the rotational movement cannot be too fast, resulting in a decrease in detection efficiency; (2) When using an ultrasonic probe for detection of rotational movement In the detection method, an additional signal coupling device (such as brush coupling) is required to avoid the entanglement of the probe signal line; (3) No matter which of the above methods is used for detection, it is necessary to control the movement of the steel pipe, resulting in a large volume of the overall equipment , complex structure and high cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，在待测钢管内部进行超声波探伤检测，只需控制超声波探头运作而待测钢管固定不动，且无需额外的信号耦合装置，整体装置简单、体积较小，投入成本低，具有良好的应用前景。In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects of pipelines, which performs ultrasonic flaw detection inside the steel pipe to be tested, and only needs to control the operation of the ultrasonic probe while the steel pipe to be tested is fixed, and no additional The signal coupling device has the advantages of simple overall device, small volume, low input cost and good application prospect.
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：包括An ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines, characterized in that it includes
超声检测装置，用于待测钢管内部探伤；Ultrasonic testing device, used for internal flaw detection of the steel pipe to be tested;
控制电路板，用于激发超声检测装置内的超声波探头发生超声波信号并采集超声波信号，同时控制超声检测装置运行；The control circuit board is used to excite the ultrasonic probe in the ultrasonic testing device to generate ultrasonic signals and collect ultrasonic signals, and simultaneously control the operation of the ultrasonic testing device;
计算机，用于存储并处理待测钢管的尺寸参数、超声检测装置的运行参数以及控制电路板采集的超声波信号波形，同时输出控制信号给控制电路板；The computer is used to store and process the dimensional parameters of the steel pipe to be tested, the operating parameters of the ultrasonic testing device, and the ultrasonic signal waveform collected by the control circuit board, and simultaneously output control signals to the control circuit board;
所述超声检测装置包括z轴步进电机及竖直方向上与z轴步进电机同轴心的ψ轴步进电机，所述z轴步进电机的上方设有一顶板，所述顶板通过一丝杆螺母传动机构与z轴步进电机相连接，所述z轴步进电机的底端与ψ轴步进电机的底端相连接，所述ψ轴步进电机的另一端设有一探头夹持装置，所述探头夹持装置的端部设有若干个超声波探头。The ultrasonic detection device includes a z-axis stepping motor and a ψ-axis stepping motor coaxial with the z-axis stepping motor in the vertical direction, and a top plate is arranged above the z-axis stepping motor, and the top plate passes through a wire The rod nut transmission mechanism is connected with the z-axis stepping motor, the bottom end of the z-axis stepping motor is connected with the bottom end of the ψ-axis stepping motor, and the other end of the ψ-axis stepping motor is provided with a probe holder device, the end of the probe clamping device is provided with several ultrasonic probes.
前述的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：所述z轴步进电机与ψ轴步进电机均为防水型步进电机。The aforementioned ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is characterized in that: both the z-axis stepping motor and the ψ-axis stepping motor are waterproof stepping motors.
前述的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：所述控制电路板包括核心处理器、电机驱动电路、超声波信号源、信号调理电路及数据采集卡，所述核心处理器与电机驱动电路、超声波信号源、数据采集卡及计算机相连接，所述电机驱动电路与z轴步进电机、ψ轴步进电机相连接，所述超声波信号源激发超声检测装置中的超声波探头发出超声波信号，所述信号调理电路与超声检测装置中的超声波探头相连接，用于调节信号幅度并滤除噪声，所述数据采集卡与信号调理电路相连，用于采集经信号调理电路处理的超声波信号。The aforementioned ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is characterized in that: the control circuit board includes a core processor, a motor drive circuit, an ultrasonic signal source, a signal conditioning circuit and a data acquisition card, and the core processor and the motor drive circuit , an ultrasonic signal source, a data acquisition card and a computer are connected, the motor drive circuit is connected with the z-axis stepping motor and the ψ-axis stepping motor, and the ultrasonic signal source excites the ultrasonic probe in the ultrasonic detection device to send an ultrasonic signal, The signal conditioning circuit is connected with the ultrasonic probe in the ultrasonic detection device for adjusting the signal amplitude and filtering out the noise, and the data acquisition card is connected with the signal conditioning circuit for collecting the ultrasonic signal processed by the signal conditioning circuit.
前述的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：所述探头夹持装置包括一竖杆及可调节长度的夹具，所述竖杆的一端连接ψ轴步进电机的端部，所述竖杆的另一端连接夹具，所述夹具设为三个，均匀分布在竖杆端部的周侧，所述夹具的端部均设有超声波探头。The aforementioned ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is characterized in that: the probe clamping device includes a vertical rod and a clamp with adjustable length, one end of the vertical rod is connected to the end of the ψ-axis stepping motor, and the The other end of the vertical rod is connected with clamps, and the clamps are set to three, evenly distributed on the peripheral side of the end of the vertical rod, and the ends of the clamps are all equipped with ultrasonic probes.
前述的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：所述超声波探头为聚焦探头。The aforementioned ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is characterized in that: the ultrasonic probe is a focusing probe.
前述的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：所述超声波探头的末端固定有橡胶片。The aforementioned ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is characterized in that a rubber sheet is fixed at the end of the ultrasonic probe.
前述的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：所述丝杆螺母传动机构包括丝杆和螺母，所述螺母固定在顶板上的穿孔内，所述丝杆的一端穿过螺母，所述丝杆的另一端固定在z轴步进电机上。The aforementioned ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is characterized in that: the screw nut transmission mechanism includes a screw rod and a nut, the nut is fixed in the perforation on the top plate, and one end of the screw rod passes through the nut, so The other end of the screw rod is fixed on the z-axis stepper motor.
前述的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：所述丝杆上设有外螺纹，所述螺母内设有内螺纹，所述丝杆的外螺纹与螺母的内螺纹相匹配。The aforementioned ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is characterized in that: the screw rod is provided with external threads, and the nut is provided with internal threads, and the external threads of the screw rod match the internal threads of the nut.
前述的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，其特征在于：所述外螺纹与内螺纹均为毫米量级。The aforementioned ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is characterized in that: both the external thread and the internal thread are on the order of millimeters.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，主要包括超声检测装置、控制电路板及计算机，控制电路板和计算机共同作用调控超声检测装置的运作，超声检测装置通过将超声波探头伸入待测钢管内部进行缺陷探测，利用超声波探头在待测钢管内部进行竖直方向运动及同时围绕竖直方向的轴做旋转运动，只需要控制超声波探头运作，而待测钢管固定不动，因此整体装置简单，体积较小。此外，由于超声波探头为三个且每个超声波探头间的角度为120°，全方位覆盖待测钢管内部，不会造成漏测，且超声波探头采用顺时针-逆时针-顺时针循环的扫查方式，因此超声波探头最终的旋转角度叠加为零，也就避免了超声波探头信号线的缠绕，也就无需采用额外的信号耦合方式，使得设备结构大大的简便化，降低了成本，适用于管材产品超声检测的实验探究平台或用于工厂进行无缝钢管的自动化缺陷检测，具有良好的应用前景。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: an ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects of pipelines provided by the present invention mainly includes an ultrasonic detection device, a control circuit board and a computer, the control circuit board and the computer work together to regulate the operation of the ultrasonic detection device, and the ultrasonic detection device passes Extend the ultrasonic probe into the steel pipe to be tested for defect detection, use the ultrasonic probe to move vertically inside the steel pipe to be tested and rotate around the vertical axis at the same time, only need to control the operation of the ultrasonic probe, and the steel pipe to be tested is fixed It does not move, so the overall device is simple and the volume is small. In addition, since there are three ultrasonic probes and the angle between each ultrasonic probe is 120°, it can cover the interior of the steel pipe to be tested in all directions without causing missed measurements, and the ultrasonic probes use clockwise-counterclockwise-clockwise cycle scanning Therefore, the final rotation angle of the ultrasonic probe is superimposed to zero, which avoids the winding of the ultrasonic probe signal line, and does not need to use an additional signal coupling method, which greatly simplifies the equipment structure and reduces the cost. It is suitable for pipe products The experimental exploration platform of ultrasonic testing may be used in factories for automatic defect detection of seamless steel pipes, which has a good application prospect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines of the present invention;
图2为本发明的管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置接触法探伤的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the contact method flaw detection of the ultrasonic flaw detection device of the present invention;
图3为本发明的管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置水浸法探伤的示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the water immersion flaw detection of the pipeline internal defect ultrasonic flaw detection device of the present invention;
图4为本发明的夹具的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of fixture of the present invention;
图5为本发明的超声波探头扫查路径剖视图。Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the scanning path of the ultrasonic probe of the present invention.
附图标记含义如下：The reference signs have the following meanings:
1：待测钢管；2：z轴步进电机；3：ψ轴步进电机；4：超声波探头；5：顶板；6：竖杆；7：夹具；71：外套管；72：内套管；73：紧固件；8：丝杆；9：螺母；10：核心处理器；11：电机驱动电路；12：超声波信号源；13：数据采集卡；14：信号调理电路；15：计算机；16：橡胶片；17：水箱；18：水。1: steel pipe to be tested; 2: z-axis stepping motor; 3: ψ-axis stepping motor; 4: ultrasonic probe; 5: top plate; 6: vertical rod; 7: fixture; 71: outer casing; 72: inner casing ;73: Fastener; 8: Screw rod; 9: Nut; 10: Core processor; 11: Motor drive circuit; 12: Ultrasonic signal source; 13: Data acquisition card; 14: Signal conditioning circuit; 15: Computer; 16: rubber sheet; 17: water tank; 18: water.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合说明书附图，对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置，包括As shown in Figure 1, an ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines includes
超声检测装置，用于待测钢管1内部探伤；an ultrasonic testing device, used for internal flaw detection of the steel pipe 1 to be tested;
控制电路板，用于激发超声检测装置内的超声波探头4发生超声波信号并采集超声波信号，同时控制超声检测装置运行；The control circuit board is used to excite the ultrasonic probe 4 in the ultrasonic testing device to generate ultrasonic signals and collect ultrasonic signals, and simultaneously control the operation of the ultrasonic testing device;
计算机15，用于存储并处理待测钢管1的尺寸参数、超声检测装置的运行参数以及控制电路板采集的超声波信号波形，同时输出控制信号给控制电路板。The computer 15 is used to store and process the dimensional parameters of the steel pipe 1 to be tested, the operating parameters of the ultrasonic testing device, and the ultrasonic signal waveform collected by the control circuit board, and simultaneously output control signals to the control circuit board.
详细的，超声检测装置包括z轴步进电机2及竖直方向上与z轴步进电机2同轴心的ψ轴步进电机3，z轴步进电机2与ψ轴步进电机3竖直方向上同轴心，便于z轴步进电机作上下运动时带动ψ轴步进电机3上下运动，且当ψ轴步进电机3做旋转运动时围绕同一轴心运动不会随意晃动。优选z轴步进电机2与ψ轴步进电机3均为42防水型步进电机，z轴步进电机2的底端与ψ轴步进电机3的底端相连接，将z轴步进电机2与ψ轴步进电机3固定在一起，ψ轴步进电机3的另一端设有一探头夹持装置，探头夹持装置的端部设有若干个超声波探头4，ψ轴步进电机3作旋转运动时带动探头夹持装置作旋转运动，即带动探头夹持装置端部的超声波探头4作旋转运作。z轴步进电机2的上方设有一顶板5，顶板5通过一丝杆螺母传动机构与z轴步进电机2相连接，利用丝杆螺母传动机构实现z轴步进电机2的上下运动，即z轴步进电机2带动ψ轴步进电机3作上下运动，即带动探头夹持装置端部的超声波探头4作上下运动。因此，在z轴步进电机2和ψ轴步进电机3的共同作用下，待测钢管1内的超声波探头4同时作上下运动和旋转运动。In detail, the ultrasonic detection device includes a z-axis stepping motor 2 and a ψ-axis stepping motor 3 that is coaxial with the z-axis stepping motor 2 in the vertical direction, and the z-axis stepping motor 2 and the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 are perpendicular to each other. Concentric in the vertical direction, it is convenient to drive the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 to move up and down when the z-axis stepping motor moves up and down, and when the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 rotates around the same axis, it will not shake randomly. Preferably, the z-axis stepping motor 2 and the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 are 42 waterproof stepping motors, and the bottom end of the z-axis stepping motor 2 is connected with the bottom end of the ψ-axis stepping motor 3, and the z-axis stepping motor The motor 2 and the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 are fixed together. The other end of the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 is provided with a probe clamping device. The end of the probe clamping device is provided with several ultrasonic probes 4. The ψ-axis stepping motor 3 When rotating, the probe clamping device is driven to rotate, that is, the ultrasonic probe 4 at the end of the probe clamping device is driven to rotate. A top plate 5 is arranged above the z-axis stepping motor 2, and the top plate 5 is connected with the z-axis stepping motor 2 through a screw nut transmission mechanism, and the up and down movement of the z-axis stepping motor 2 is realized by using the screw nut transmission mechanism, that is, z The axial stepping motor 2 drives the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 to move up and down, that is, drives the ultrasonic probe 4 at the end of the probe clamping device to move up and down. Therefore, under the joint action of the z-axis stepping motor 2 and the ψ-axis stepping motor 3, the ultrasonic probe 4 inside the steel pipe 1 to be tested moves up and down and rotates simultaneously.
进一步的，丝杆螺母传动机构包括丝杆8和螺母9，螺母9内嵌固定在顶板5上的穿孔内，丝杆8的一端穿过螺母9，即丝杆8的一端穿过顶板5，丝杆8的另一端固定在z轴步进电机2上，即通过丝杆8将顶板5与z轴步进电机2连接起来，为了保证传动机构的传动力，丝杆8上设有外螺纹，螺母9内设有内螺纹，丝杆8的外螺纹与螺母9的内螺纹相匹配，在z轴步进电机2转动时，通过外螺纹与内螺纹的相互配合，实现z轴步进电机2的上下运动，且外螺纹与内螺纹均为毫米量级，即z轴步进电机2的运动步长为毫米量级，即超声波探头4上下运动的步长为毫米量级，确保了待测钢管1内部探伤的精准度。Further, the screw nut transmission mechanism includes a screw rod 8 and a nut 9, the nut 9 is embedded and fixed in the perforation on the top plate 5, one end of the screw rod 8 passes through the nut 9, that is, one end of the screw rod 8 passes through the top plate 5, The other end of the screw rod 8 is fixed on the z-axis stepping motor 2, that is, the top plate 5 and the z-axis stepping motor 2 are connected through the screw rod 8. In order to ensure the transmission force of the transmission mechanism, the screw rod 8 is provided with an external thread , the nut 9 is provided with an internal thread, and the external thread of the screw rod 8 matches the internal thread of the nut 9. When the z-axis stepping motor 2 rotates, the z-axis stepping motor is realized by cooperating with the external thread and the internal thread. 2, and the external thread and internal thread are both on the order of millimeters, that is, the step size of the z-axis stepper motor 2 is on the order of millimeters, that is, the step length of the ultrasonic probe 4 moving up and down is on the order of millimeters, ensuring that the Measure the accuracy of flaw detection inside the steel pipe 1.
进一步的，探头夹持装置包括一竖杆6及可调节长度的夹具7，夹具7的长度根据需要进行合适长度的调节，实用性更强，适合不同直径的钢管使用，竖杆6的一端连接ψ轴步进电机3的端部，即ψ轴步进电机3的两端分别连接z轴步进电机2和竖杆6，因此，z轴步进电机2、ψ轴步进电机3及竖杆6在竖直方向上同一轴心，连接竖杆6的另一端连接夹具7，为了保证运作时的稳定性，一般将夹具7设为三个，且均匀分布在竖杆6端部的周侧，在旋转时各方向的夹具7对竖杆6的作用力一致，夹具7的端部均设有超声波探头4，且超声波探头4的角度可调节，因此，超声波探头4也为三个，即相邻两个超声波探头4间的夹角为120°，当超声波探头4在ψ轴步进电机3的带动下作顺时针-逆时针-顺时针循环操作时，超声波探头4最终的旋转角度叠加为零，因此超声波探头4的信号线不会因旋转而缠绕，即无需采用额外的信号耦合方式。Further, the probe clamping device includes a vertical rod 6 and a clamp 7 with an adjustable length. The length of the clamp 7 can be adjusted to a suitable length according to the needs, which is more practical and suitable for steel pipes with different diameters. One end of the vertical rod 6 is connected to The end of the ψ-axis stepping motor 3, that is, the two ends of the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 are respectively connected to the z-axis stepping motor 2 and the vertical rod 6, therefore, the z-axis stepping motor 2, the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 and the vertical The rods 6 have the same axis in the vertical direction, and the other end of the vertical rod 6 is connected to the clamp 7. In order to ensure the stability during operation, three clamps 7 are generally set and evenly distributed around the ends of the vertical rod 6. side, when rotating, the clamps 7 in each direction have the same force on the vertical bar 6, and the ends of the clamps 7 are provided with ultrasonic probes 4, and the angle of the ultrasonic probes 4 can be adjusted, so there are three ultrasonic probes 4, That is, the angle between two adjacent ultrasonic probes 4 is 120°. When the ultrasonic probe 4 is driven by the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 for clockwise-counterclockwise-clockwise cycle operation, the final rotation angle of the ultrasonic probe 4 is The superposition is zero, so the signal line of the ultrasonic probe 4 will not be twisted due to rotation, that is, no additional signal coupling method is required.
该管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置既适用于接触法探测又适用于水浸法探测，当使用接触法探测时，超声波探头4的末端固定有橡胶片16如图2所示，此时固定在超声波探头4发射接收面上的橡胶片16作为固态耦合剂，同时调节夹具7的长度，使得待测钢管1的内壁与超声波探头4上的橡胶片16接触，即通过橡胶片16将超声波探头4与待测钢管1内壁连接起来，便于后续待测钢管1内部探伤操作。The ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in pipelines is suitable for both contact method detection and water immersion method detection. When using the contact method for detection, the end of the ultrasonic probe 4 is fixed with a rubber sheet 16 as shown in Figure 2. At this time, it is fixed on the ultrasonic probe. 4 The rubber sheet 16 on the transmitting and receiving surface is used as a solid coupling agent, and the length of the clamp 7 is adjusted at the same time, so that the inner wall of the steel pipe 1 to be tested is in contact with the rubber sheet 16 on the ultrasonic probe 4, that is, the ultrasonic probe 4 is connected to the ultrasonic probe 4 through the rubber sheet 16. The inner walls of the steel pipes 1 to be tested are connected to facilitate subsequent internal flaw detection operations of the steel pipe 1 to be tested.
当使用水浸法探测时，超声波探头4为聚焦探头，如图3所示，将待测钢管1放在水箱17中，在水箱17中注入水18作为耦合液，使待测钢管1完全浸在耦合液水18中，根据待测钢管1的内径和厚度计算出超声波探头4与待测钢管1内壁间的距离，据此调节夹具7的长度，使超声波探头4与待测钢管1内壁间的距离适中，再进行待测钢管1内探伤操作。When using the water immersion method to detect, the ultrasonic probe 4 is a focusing probe. As shown in Figure 3, the steel pipe 1 to be tested is placed in the water tank 17, and water 18 is injected into the water tank 17 as a coupling liquid, so that the steel pipe 1 to be tested is completely immersed. In the coupling liquid water 18, the distance between the ultrasonic probe 4 and the inner wall of the steel pipe 1 to be tested is calculated according to the inner diameter and thickness of the steel pipe 1 to be tested, and the length of the clamp 7 is adjusted accordingly to make the distance between the ultrasonic probe 4 and the inner wall of the steel pipe 1 to be tested The distance is moderate, and then the flaw detection operation in the steel pipe 1 to be tested is carried out.
如图4所示，夹具7包括外套管71、套设于外套管71内的内套管72以及将外套管71与内套管72连接起来的紧固件73，外套管71的侧面设有穿孔，紧固件73穿过穿孔通过旋转紧固件73实现内套管72的紧固，穿孔可以设置在外套管71的一侧，也可以设置在外套管71相对的两侧，根据穿孔设置的不同，相对应的，紧固件73的设置也相对改变。在调节夹具7的长度时，先将紧固件73旋转松开，将内套管72向外套管71的内部推塞或者向外套管71的外部拉拔，进行整体夹具7的长度的调节，调整到合适位置后，旋转拧紧紧固件73固定住内套管72即可。As shown in Figure 4, the clamp 7 includes an outer sleeve 71, an inner sleeve 72 sleeved in the outer sleeve 71 and a fastener 73 connecting the outer sleeve 71 with the inner sleeve 72, and the side of the outer sleeve 71 is provided with Perforation, the fastener 73 passes through the perforation and realizes the fastening of the inner sleeve 72 by rotating the fastener 73. The perforation can be arranged on one side of the outer sleeve 71, or on the opposite sides of the outer sleeve 71, according to the setting of the perforation. Correspondingly, the setting of the fastener 73 is also relatively changed. When adjusting the length of the clamp 7, the fastening member 73 is first rotated and loosened, and the inner sleeve 72 is pushed to the inside of the outer sleeve 71 or pulled out to the outside of the outer sleeve 71 to adjust the length of the overall clamp 7. After adjusting to a proper position, just rotate and tighten the fastener 73 to fix the inner casing 72.
进一步的，控制电路板包括核心处理器10、电机驱动电路11、超声波信号源12、信号调理电路14及数据采集卡13，核心处理器10与电机驱动电路11、超声波信号源12、数据采集卡13相连接，同时，核心处理器10、数据采集卡13与计算机15相连接，计算机15与核心处理器10之间采用串行口进行通信，通过计算机15输入控制指令并可观察采集到的超声波信号的波形，核心处理器10根据输入的控制指令控制超声检测装置的运作，数据采集卡13和超声波信号源12的运作由核心处理器10提供的触发脉冲信号进行同步，电机驱动电路11与z轴步进电机2、ψ轴步进电机3相连接，电机驱动电路11采用两路独立的驱动信号输出，能够同时驱动z轴步进电机2和ψ轴步进电机3运转，且彼此之间不会相互干扰，保证z轴步进电机2和ψ轴步进电机3的正常运作，超声波信号源12激发超声检测装置中的超声波探头4发出超声波信号，超声波信号源12具有多路信号输出，且频率可调，最高频率达10MHz以上，信号调理电路14与超声检测装置中的超声波探头4相连接，用于调节超声波探头4发出的超声波信号的幅度并滤除噪声，数据采集卡13与信号调理电路14相连，用于采集经信号调理电路14处理过的超声波回波信息并传送给计算机15，数据采集卡13具有多路通道信号并行采集的功能，采样频率达50Msps以上。Further, the control circuit board includes a core processor 10, a motor drive circuit 11, an ultrasonic signal source 12, a signal conditioning circuit 14 and a data acquisition card 13, the core processor 10 and the motor drive circuit 11, an ultrasonic signal source 12, and a data acquisition card 13 are connected, and at the same time, the core processor 10, the data acquisition card 13 are connected with the computer 15, and the serial port is used to communicate between the computer 15 and the core processor 10, and the control command can be input through the computer 15 and the ultrasonic wave collected can be observed The waveform of the signal, the core processor 10 controls the operation of the ultrasonic detection device according to the input control command, the operation of the data acquisition card 13 and the ultrasonic signal source 12 is synchronized by the trigger pulse signal provided by the core processor 10, and the motor drive circuit 11 and z The axis stepping motor 2 and the ψ axis stepping motor 3 are connected, and the motor drive circuit 11 adopts two independent drive signal outputs, which can simultaneously drive the z axis stepping motor 2 and the ψ axis stepping motor 3 to operate, and the mutual It will not interfere with each other and ensure the normal operation of the z-axis stepping motor 2 and the ψ-axis stepping motor 3. The ultrasonic signal source 12 excites the ultrasonic probe 4 in the ultrasonic testing device to send ultrasonic signals. The ultrasonic signal source 12 has multiple signal outputs. And the frequency is adjustable, and the highest frequency reaches more than 10MHz. The signal conditioning circuit 14 is connected with the ultrasonic probe 4 in the ultrasonic detection device, and is used to adjust the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal sent by the ultrasonic probe 4 and filter out noise. The data acquisition card 13 and the signal The conditioning circuit 14 is connected to collect the ultrasonic echo information processed by the signal conditioning circuit 14 and transmit it to the computer 15. The data acquisition card 13 has the function of parallel acquisition of multi-channel signals, and the sampling frequency is above 50Msps.
该管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置的探伤过程如下，首先竖直放置好待测钢管1，并手动设置好各个超声波探头4的角度和位置，调节夹具7的长度以设置超声波探头4到待测钢管1内壁的距离适中，在计算机15中输入待测钢管1的直径、长度等参数及探测过程中超声波探头4的步进角度和距离，计算机15将这些信息和指令传送给核心处理器10，接收到指令后，核心处理器10控制电机驱动电路11、超声波信号源12和数据采集卡13同时开始工作，电机驱动电路11驱动z轴步进电机2和ψ轴步进电机3同时运作，在丝杆螺母传动机构与顶板5的配合作用下z轴步进电机2做升降运动，进而带动ψ轴步进电机3和超声波探头4一起做升降运动，ψ轴步进电机3做旋转运动并通过探头夹持装置控制超声波探头4做旋转运动；z轴步进电机2和ψ轴步进电机3共同运作带动超声波探头4运转后，即超声波探头4既做升降运动，又做旋转运动，核心处理器10向超声波信号源12发送触发脉冲信号，触发超声波信号源12为超声波探头4提供激励信号，超声波探头4产生超声波信号，超声波信号经信号调理电路14调节幅度并滤除噪声，同时核心处理器10向数据采集卡13发送触发脉冲信号，数据采集卡13采集经信号调理电路14处理过的超声波回波信息，进行一次信号采集，并传送给计算机15，同时核心处理器10将超声波探头4的坐标传送给计算机15，计算机15对核心处理器10传回的坐标与数据采集卡13传回的回波信息进行配对存储，且计算机15对回波信息进行处理，分辨出缺陷处的信号，将对应处的坐标和回波信息同时存储起来。此外，对于回波信息不明显的位置可以重新扫查，此时z轴步进电机2快速到达坐标处，增加采样点数重新进行探测。The flaw detection process of the ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects of the pipeline is as follows. First, place the steel pipe 1 to be tested vertically, and manually set the angle and position of each ultrasonic probe 4, and adjust the length of the fixture 7 to set the ultrasonic probe 4 to the steel pipe 1 to be tested. The distance of the inner wall is moderate, and the parameters such as the diameter and length of the steel pipe 1 to be tested and the stepping angle and distance of the ultrasonic probe 4 in the detection process are input into the computer 15, and the computer 15 transmits these information and instructions to the core processor 10, and receives After the instruction, the core processor 10 controls the motor drive circuit 11, the ultrasonic signal source 12 and the data acquisition card 13 to start working at the same time, and the motor drive circuit 11 drives the z-axis stepper motor 2 and the ψ-axis stepper motor 3 to operate simultaneously. Under the cooperative action of the nut transmission mechanism and the top plate 5, the z-axis stepping motor 2 does the lifting movement, and then drives the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 and the ultrasonic probe 4 to do the lifting movement together, and the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 makes a rotating movement and passes through the probe clip. The holding device controls the ultrasonic probe 4 to rotate; the z-axis stepping motor 2 and the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 work together to drive the ultrasonic probe 4 to run, that is, the ultrasonic probe 4 performs both lifting and rotating motions, and the core processor 10 Send a trigger pulse signal to the ultrasonic signal source 12, trigger the ultrasonic signal source 12 to provide an excitation signal for the ultrasonic probe 4, the ultrasonic probe 4 generates an ultrasonic signal, and the ultrasonic signal is adjusted by the signal conditioning circuit 14 to filter out noise. The data acquisition card 13 sends a trigger pulse signal, and the data acquisition card 13 collects the ultrasonic echo information processed by the signal conditioning circuit 14, performs a signal acquisition, and transmits it to the computer 15, and the core processor 10 transmits the coordinates of the ultrasonic probe 4 To the computer 15, the computer 15 pairs and stores the coordinates returned by the core processor 10 and the echo information returned by the data acquisition card 13, and the computer 15 processes the echo information, distinguishes the signal at the defect, and converts the corresponding position The coordinates and echo information are stored at the same time. In addition, the position where the echo information is not obvious can be re-scanned. At this time, the z-axis stepping motor 2 quickly arrives at the coordinate position, and the number of sampling points is increased for re-detection.
该管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置的缺陷定位原理如下，超声波探头4在待测钢管1的内部进行扫查的过程中，核心处理器10自动记录超声波探头4的坐标，在待测钢管1内部建立圆柱坐标系，以待测钢管1的底部圆心作为坐标原点，则超声波探头4的探测位置可以用三个坐标变量（ρ,ψ,z）来表示，其中ρ为待测钢管1的半径，ψ为ψ轴步进电机3的转动角度，z为z轴步进电机2的升降高度；核心处理器10将每次采样处的坐标值传送回计算机15中，同时数据采集卡13会将采集到的回波信息传送回计算机15，操作人员可以根据坐标对缺陷进行定位，当检测到缺陷信号时，可根据其坐标快速找到缺陷的位置。The defect location principle of the ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects in the pipeline is as follows. During the scanning process of the ultrasonic probe 4 inside the steel pipe 1 to be tested, the core processor 10 automatically records the coordinates of the ultrasonic probe 4, and establishes a cylinder inside the steel pipe 1 to be tested. In the coordinate system, the center of the bottom circle of the steel pipe 1 to be tested is used as the coordinate origin, and the detection position of the ultrasonic probe 4 can be represented by three coordinate variables (ρ, ψ, z), where ρ is the radius of the steel pipe 1 to be tested, and ψ is The angle of rotation of the ψ-axis stepping motor 3, z is the lifting height of the z-axis stepping motor 2; the core processor 10 transmits the coordinate value of each sampling place back to the computer 15, and the data acquisition card 13 will collect the collected The echo information is sent back to the computer 15, and the operator can locate the defect according to the coordinates, and when a defect signal is detected, the position of the defect can be quickly found according to its coordinates.
该管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置的超声波探头4扫查过程如图5所示，ψ轴步进电机3带动超声波探头4做旋转运动，同时z轴步进电机2做上升运动，两者共同控制超声波探头4实现螺旋扫查，即超声波探头4同时做旋转运动和上升运动，在此过程中，首先ψ轴步进电机3顺时针旋转扫查120°，再逆时针旋转扫查120°，接着再顺时针扫查120°，即超声波探头4的旋转方式为顺时针扫查120°-逆时针扫查120°-顺时针扫查120°，如此重复直至将待测钢管1扫查完毕，由于超声波探头4共有三组且相邻两个超声波探头4间的角度为120°，因此这种扫查方式可以覆盖整个待测钢管1侧面，由于超声波探头4顺时针旋转与逆时针旋转交替存在，超声波探头4旋转的角度叠加为零，因此避免了信号线缠绕的缺点。The scanning process of the ultrasonic probe 4 of the pipeline internal defect ultrasonic flaw detection device is shown in Figure 5. The ψ-axis stepping motor 3 drives the ultrasonic probe 4 to rotate, while the z-axis stepping motor 2 makes an upward movement, and the two jointly control the ultrasonic wave. The probe 4 realizes the spiral scanning, that is, the ultrasonic probe 4 performs the rotating motion and the ascending motion at the same time. In this process, the ψ-axis stepping motor 3 first rotates clockwise and scans 120°, then rotates counterclockwise and scans 120°, and then Scan 120° clockwise, that is, the rotation mode of the ultrasonic probe 4 is scan 120° clockwise-scan 120° counterclockwise-scan 120° clockwise, and repeat this until the steel pipe 1 to be tested is scanned. There are three groups of probes 4 and the angle between two adjacent ultrasonic probes 4 is 120°, so this scanning method can cover the entire side of the steel pipe 1 to be tested. Since the ultrasonic probes 4 alternately rotate clockwise and counterclockwise, the ultrasonic The rotation angles of the probe 4 are superimposed to zero, thus avoiding the disadvantage of signal wire winding.
该管道内部缺陷超声探伤装置采用内测法进行钢管材料的探伤，超声波探头在待测钢管内部检测，使超声波探头在待测钢管内部沿竖直方向轴线上下运动和绕轴线旋转运动，对待测钢管进行全面的检测，这种探测方式可以避免体积较大的待测钢管的运动，只需控制超声波探头运动即可，在扫查方式上，先让超声波探头顺时针螺旋扫查一定角度，再逆时针螺旋扫查相同角度，接着再进行顺时针扫查，如此重复地检测下去，直到将待测钢管检测完毕，采用这种方式，超声波探头最终的旋转角度叠加为零，可以避免超声波探头信号线的缠绕，因此无需采用额外的耦合方式，使设备大大简化。The ultrasonic flaw detection device for internal defects of the pipeline uses the internal test method to detect the flaws of the steel pipe material. Carry out a comprehensive inspection. This detection method can avoid the movement of the large steel pipe to be tested. It only needs to control the movement of the ultrasonic probe. In the scanning method, first let the ultrasonic probe scan a certain angle clockwise, and then reverse The clockwise spiral scans the same angle, and then scans clockwise again, and repeats the inspection until the steel pipe to be tested is completed. In this way, the final rotation angle of the ultrasonic probe is superimposed to zero, which can avoid the signal line of the ultrasonic probe. The winding, so no need to use additional coupling, greatly simplifying the equipment.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and that described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention, and the present invention will also have other functions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410172309.9ACN103969330B (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2014-04-28 | A kind of pipe interior defect reflectoscope |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410172309.9ACN103969330B (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2014-04-28 | A kind of pipe interior defect reflectoscope |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103969330Atrue CN103969330A (en) | 2014-08-06 |
| CN103969330B CN103969330B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410172309.9AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103969330B (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2014-04-28 | A kind of pipe interior defect reflectoscope |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103969330B (en) |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | Inventor after:Han Qingbang Inventor after:Liu Wei Inventor after:Zhang Yu Inventor after:Zhu Changping Inventor after:Yin Cheng Inventor after:Li Jian Inventor before:Liu Wei Inventor before:Han Qingbang Inventor before:Wang Heng Inventor before:Mao Wentao Inventor before:Zhu Changping Inventor before:Yin Cheng Inventor before:Li Jian | |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20160817 Termination date:20190428 |