A kind ofly be suitable for the new method of mountain valley-type tailing dam dam slope mine tailing being carried out to back productionTechnical field
The present invention relates to the mine tailing actual mining technology in Tailings Dam, especially relate to mountain valley-type Tailings fill dam dam slope mine tailing stoping method.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of China's economy and technology, exploitation of mineral resources dynamics increases, and the mine tailing amount of discharge is increasing, along with a large amount of Tailings Dam of generation.Compose in mine tailing and deposited considerable resource, and the building of tailing dam, maintenance cost are very large, bring impact and the difficult problem of environment, safety and economic aspect to mining development.Back production mine tailing has very important significance to making full use of non-renewable resources.
Tailings grade is low, complicated component, has been mingled with a large amount of sandstone and mud, and it develops needs very high technical requirements, if process bad, occurs as dam break, caves in and the danger such as landslide.Along with to piling up the exploitation of mine tailing, height of dam can reduce thereupon, and stability is influenced thus cause safety problem.
According to tailings discharging deposition rule, upstream type Tailings Dam with in, low concentration ore drawing time, beach face (comprising under water) mine tailing is along journey Natural classification, and by Average Particle Diameters, gradual change forms tail medium sand, tail fine sand, tail flour sand, tail silt, tail silty clay and tail clay.Because its mechanics index of physics has significant change, generally subregion can be changed.The discharge of upstream type Tailings is carried out uniform ore drawing in turn by being defined in determining deviation in fill dam axial length and using cyclone ore drawing, make coarse granule mine tailing concentrate on tailing dam dam leading portion, and the mineral resources reclaimed again in Tailings Dam, can be utilized also to focus mostly at tailing dam dam leading portion.
Mine tailing back production, changes the structure of Tailings Dam itself to a great extent, have impact on its stable state originally, is a very complicated engineering.Current mine tailing exploitation method mainly contains three classes: hydromining, dry adopting are adopted with ship.
For mountain valley-type Tailings Dam, adopt the back production of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing, can make full use of mountain valley-type Tailings Dam rear end storage capacity, during mine tailing back production, on newly-built sub-dam, normal ore drawing is increased, and can save capital cost and the land expropriation cost of high newly-built Tailings Dam.
The present invention is according to the engineering geology of Tailings Dam dam site and reservoir area and hydrogeological conditions, and the mine tailing physical and mechanical parameter index that Tailings Dam prospecting obtains, fail-safe analysis is carried out to the tailing dam side slope that mine tailing back production is formed, and seepage field-gravitational field-aerodynamic field analysis of coupled system's stability is carried out to the tailing dam side slope that mine tailing back production is formed, use the method for numerical simulation to check the stability of the tailing dam body side slope of each sublayer, to determine rational back production construction technology and Tailings Dam fill dam dam slope parameter simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention be exactly exist for those mountain valley-type Tailings back production affect the difficult problems such as safety of dam body and stoping cost are high, and provide a kind of new method being suitable for carrying out mountain valley-type tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production.
The present invention is a kind of is suitable for the new method of mountain valley-type tailing dam dam slope mine tailing being carried out to back production, and its mining Design and construction are divided into following four-stage:
First stage is investigated the factor affecting Tailings Dam stability, the economy of mine tailing back production is studied, comprise: Tailings Dam is reconnoitred, the engineering geology of back production Tailings Dam dam site and reservoir area and hydrogeology are investigated, drill through mine tailing sample, mechanical property test and laboratory Experimental study on ore dressing are carried out to mine tailing sample, find out the mineral distribution situation in Tailings Dam, according to technical economic analysis determination tailing dam dam slope mine tailing limit of mining, determine the starting point of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production.
Second stage, according to the working condition of bargh, designs the back production of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing, comprising:
1. stability analysis is carried out to the tailing dam side slope that mine tailing back production is formed, determine the tailing dam slope parameter that mine tailing back production is formed, the section of comprising is high, slope ratio, step width;
2. in the front portion of each back production step design 1 ~ 3 row broken stone pile, the drainage pump drainage and reinforcing facility that are made up of drainage pump drainage well, broken stone pile interval is arranged in the rear design one of each back production step; According to the seepage field of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production each construction stage, determine well depth, spacing, water-pumping/draining scheme, underground water drawdown, the construction technology of each back production step drainage pump drainage well, the time interval of each sublayer construction sequence;
Described drainage pump drainage well is made up of the water-pumping/draining steel pipe being positioned at centre, the rubble be deposited in around water-pumping/draining steel pipe;
3. design according to mine tailing back production the mine tailing sublayer determined, and tailing dam mine tailing transmission coefficient, set up the seepage analysis model of each sublayer of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production, calculate the seepage field distribution of each sublayer of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production, and use computer export waterline; Seepage calculation software used is geotechnical engineering special-purpose software.
4. use ground software, determine each sublayer step parameter of the tailing dam side slope that mine tailing back production is formed and overall slope parameter, the Scheme of Strengthening of drainage pump drainage well and broken stone pile, the size of broken stone pile diameter, the degree of depth, spacing, row; According to the stability analysis of the overall tailing dam side slope of mine tailing back production, determine the overall slope angle of tailing dam side slope that mine tailing back production is formed, the safeguard procedures of tailing dam side slope, and determine enrockment pressure slope pin Scheme of Strengthening;
Phase III carries out back production construction according to second stage to the design scheme that tailing dam dam slope mine tailing carries out back production:
1. first the flood drainage system of Tailings Dam is transformed, tailing dam dam slope side slope step gutter is set bottom each back production bench slope of tailing dam side slope, tailing dam dam abutment is established and is grouted Cut-off ditch, and described Cut-off ditch is connected with the tailing dam dam slope side slope step gutter of each back production step;
2. again from the step at the starting point place of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production, construction drainage pump drainage well and broken stone pile, then in drainage pump drainage well, submersible pump is adopted to carry out pump drainage underground water, until underground water is down to the requirement meeting exploitation tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production first stratified construction, then the mine tailing in dry type excavation mine tailing back production first stratified construction region, and by design, the slope protection measure after the back production of Tailings fill dam dam slope mine tailing is constructed, build tailing dam dam slope side slope step gutter, repeat above-mentioned construction sequence excavation tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production second stratified construction region mine tailing again, by that analogy,
When last 2 ~ 5 layers of mine tailing sublayer of back production, the side slope toe enrockment back-pressure measure after the back production of construction tailing dam dam slope mine tailing.
Fourth stage: the secondary mine tailing that mine tailing back production sorting is formed, enters in the newly-built sub-dam of back production Tailings Dam elevation and expansion, increases step by step, forms back production Tailings Dam elevation and expansion and newly piles mine tailing; The described newly-built sub-dam of back production Tailings Dam elevation and expansion be positioned at the starting point place step of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production rear above.
Need to prove secondary tailings discharging scheme, adopt dry heap or wet row, flood discharge facility is redesigned, flood is checked again.
The present invention adopts the United Technologies of gravel pile reinforcing and well point water-pumping/draining drainage tailing dam side slope to carry out back production to mountain valley-type Tailings fill dam dam slope mine tailing, the present invention is a kind of be suitable for that above technical scheme is adopted to the new method that mountain valley-type tailing dam dam slope mine tailing carries out back production after, there is following good effect:
(1) solve the stability influence to tailing dam side slope in mountain valley-type tailing dam dam slope mine tailing part exploitation process, guarantee the normal production of mine tailing back production and the safety of personnel and equipment;
(2) back production of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing part achieves the recovery to most worthy part mine tailing in Tailings Dam, improves Utilization Rate of Mineral Resources, and eliminates the impoverishment in grade problem that in mine tailing exploitation process, secondary mine tailing is formed, and improves economic benefit;
(3) for there is no newly-built Tailings Dam, or be not suitable for adopting according to economic analysis and turn over the bargh that mine tailing back production is carried out in storehouse, saved huge capital cost, the fees paid for taking rural land of newly-built Tailings Dam.
(4) adopt the United Technologies of gravel pile reinforcing and well point water-pumping/draining drainage tailing dam side slope, can be reference function of having gone together both at home and abroad, this achievement be converted into productivity simultaneously, will produce great social profit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention carries out the local longitudinal projection figure of back production to tailing dam dam slope mine tailing;
Fig. 2 be the present invention to tailing dam dam slope mine tailing carry out back production overall longitudinal projection figure;
Fig. 3 is the broken stone pile that adopts of the present invention and broken stone pile drainage pump drainage well layout plan;
Fig. 4 be in Fig. 3 B-B to longitudinal partial sectional view.
Reference numeral is: 1-back production Tailings Dam elevation and expansion newly piles mine tailing; The newly-built sub-dam of 2-back production Tailings Dam elevation and expansion; 3-drainage pump drainage well; 4-broken stone pile; The non-back production mine tailing of 5-Tailings Dam; 6-tailing dam dam slope side slope step gutter; Slope protection measure after the back production of 7-tailing dam dam slope; 8-tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production first stratified construction; 9-tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production second stratified construction; 10-tailings reservoir preliminary dam; 11-water-pumping/draining steel pipe; 12-rubble; Side slope toe enrockment back-pressure measure after the back production of 13-mine tailing; The starting point of A-tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, a kind of new method being suitable for carrying out mountain valley-type tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production of the present invention is described in further details.
The present invention as shown in Figure 1 carries out the local longitudinal projection figure of back production to tailing dam dam slope mine tailing and composition graphs 2, Fig. 3 find out, reconnoitring in detail Tailings Dam, on the basis studied, determine the starting point A of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing limit of mining, the back production of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing; Arrange row's broken stone pile 4 in the front portion of each back production step, arrange that at the rear portion of each back production step one arranges the drainage pump drainage and reinforcing facility that are made up of drainage pump drainage well 3, broken stone pile 4 interval.From the step at the starting point A place of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production, construction drainage pump drainage well 3 and broken stone pile 4, then in drainage pump drainage well 3, adopt submersible pump to carry out pump drainage underground water, until underground water is down to the requirement meeting exploitation tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production first stratified construction 8, then the mine tailing in dry type excavation mine tailing back production first stratified construction 8 region, and by design, the slope protection measure 7 after the back production of Tailings fill dam dam slope mine tailing is constructed, build tailing dam dam slope side slope step gutter 6, repeat above-mentioned construction sequence excavation tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production second stratified construction 9 region mine tailing again, by that analogy, until exploitation is to tailings reservoir preliminary dam 10.
Be the non-back production mine tailing 5 of Tailings Dam in the bottom of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing limit of mining in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
The present invention as shown in Figure 1 to tailing dam dam slope mine tailing carry out back production local longitudinal projection figure and composition graphs 2 find out further, the newly-built sub-dam 2 of back production Tailings Dam elevation and expansion be positioned at the starting point A place step of tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production rear above, the secondary mine tailing that mine tailing back production sorting is formed, enter in the newly-built sub-dam 2 of back production Tailings Dam elevation and expansion, increase step by step, form back production Tailings Dam elevation and expansion and newly pile mine tailing 1.
The present invention as shown in Figure 2 to tailing dam dam slope mine tailing carry out back production overall longitudinal projection figure find out, when last 2 ~ 5 layers of mine tailing sublayer of back production, the side slope toe enrockment back-pressure measure 13 after the back production of construction tailing dam dam slope mine tailing.
The broken stone pile that the present invention as shown in Figure 3 adopts and broken stone pile drainage pump drainage well layout plan composition graphs 1, Fig. 2 find out, row's broken stone pile 4 is arranged in the front portion of each back production step, arrange that at the rear portion of each back production step one arranges the drainage pump drainage and reinforcing facility that are made up of drainage pump drainage well 3, broken stone pile 4 interval, between wherein adjacent drainage pump drainage well 3, two broken stone pile 4 are set.
In Fig. 3 as shown in Figure 4, B-B finds out to longitudinal partial sectional view, and described broken stone pile 4 is that rubble 12 accumulation differed by particle diameter forms column structure; Described drainage pump drainage well 3 is made up of the water-pumping/draining steel pipe 11 being positioned at centre, the rubble 12 be deposited in around water-pumping/draining steel pipe 11, and wherein the caliber of water-pumping/draining steel pipe 11 is φ 130mm.
A kind of being suitable for of the present invention carries out the new method of back production in the large-scale nonferrous mine successful Application of China to mountain valley-type tailing dam dam slope mine tailing, and the United Technologies of the tailing dam side slope adopting gravel pile reinforcing and well point water-pumping/draining drainage mine tailing back production to be formed carry out back production to mountain valley-type tailing dam dam slope mine tailing.Magnet iron in this embodiment recovery Tailings Dam and sulphur ore deposit, this embodiment came into effect in September, 2006, completed tailing dam dam slope mine tailing back production mine tailing amount 300 × 10 in July, 20124t, the annual back production mine tailing output value more than 2,000 ten thousand yuan.According to the displacement monitoring of the tailing dam side slope formed mine tailing back production, tailing dam side slope is in stable state.This project success achieves significant economic and social benefits after implementing.
At present, mine tailing has been subject to the attention of countries in the world as secondary resource.Carrying out mine tailing back production to select again, from mine tailing, reclaim valuable constituent, is the important measures improving Utilization Rate of Mineral Resources.The present invention, to the successful back production of certain large-scale nonferrous mine Tailings Dam fill dam dam slope mine tailing, for the back production of similar mountain valley-type Tailings fill dam dam slope mine tailing provides embodiment, has popularizing application prospect widely.