技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种废渣处理及利用技术领域，特别是涉及一种两步法实现磷石膏在悬浮态下烘干、脱水，制备建筑石膏粉的生产工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of waste residue treatment and utilization, in particular to a two-step process for drying and dehydrating phosphogypsum in a suspended state to prepare construction gypsum powder.
背景技术Background technique
磷石膏是湿法磷酸和磷肥工业生产所排放的固体废弃物，其主要成分是CaSO4.2H2O（含量在90%以上）。生产一吨磷酸要产生五吨左右的磷石膏废渣，我国磷肥生产每年要排放数千万吨磷石膏，需要大量的土地堆放，同时对环境造成严重污染。石膏排放所形成的环保压力已经成为磷肥工业发展的重要制约因素之一。Phosphogypsum is a solid waste discharged from the industrial production of wet-process phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizer, and its main component is CaSO4.2H2O (with a content of more than 90%). The production of one ton of phosphoric acid will produce about five tons of phosphogypsum waste residue. The production of phosphate fertilizer in my country will discharge tens of millions of tons of phosphogypsum every year, requiring a large amount of land to be piled up and causing serious pollution to the environment. The environmental protection pressure caused by gypsum discharge has become one of the important restrictive factors for the development of the phosphate fertilizer industry.
磷石膏既是工业废弃物，也是宝贵的资源。磷石膏颗粒整形、烘干脱水处理后，可成为满足国家标准的建筑用石膏粉。此工艺消除了磷石膏等工业副产石膏对环境的污染，变废为宝，也可以节约资源。因此，对磷石膏等工业副产石膏的开发利用可以把副产石膏的化工工业和建材工业结合起来，做到磷肥和磷酸等工业的无废渣排放。Phosphogypsum is both an industrial waste and a valuable resource. After the phosphogypsum particles are shaped, dried and dehydrated, they can become gypsum powder for construction that meets the national standard. This process eliminates the environmental pollution of industrial by-product gypsum such as phosphogypsum, turns waste into treasure, and can also save resources. Therefore, the development and utilization of industrial by-product gypsum such as phosphogypsum can combine the chemical industry and building material industry of by-product gypsum to achieve no waste residue discharge from phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid industries.
建筑石膏粉的生产有多种工艺。按加热方式，分为间接加热工艺和直接加热工艺；按煅烧脱水速度，分为慢速煅烧工艺和快速煅烧工艺；按出料方式，可分为间歇生产工艺和连续生产工艺。There are many processes for the production of building gypsum powder. According to the heating method, it can be divided into indirect heating process and direct heating process; according to the calcination and dehydration speed, it can be divided into slow calcination process and fast calcination process; according to the discharge method, it can be divided into batch production process and continuous production process.
在二十世纪六十年代之前，以传统慢烧型的间歇炒锅和外烧式回转窑为主。六十年代后期，对上述设备进行了技术改造，七十年代，将间歇炒锅发展成为连续炒锅，八十年代后又发展成了锥形炒锅；回转窑也从外烧式发展成内烧式煅烧；为推动建筑石膏粉工业的技术进步，提高石膏建材制品生产线的运行速度，近年来又发展出了气流式快速煅烧工艺。总的来看，石膏煅烧工艺是沿着从间歇出料到连续出料、从间接加热到直接加热、从慢速脱水到快速脱水的趋势逐步发展的。Before the 1960s, traditional slow-fired intermittent woks and external-fired rotary kilns were the main products. In the late 1960s, the above-mentioned equipment was technically transformed. In the 1970s, the intermittent frying pan was developed into a continuous frying pan. After the 1980s, it was developed into a conical frying pan. The rotary kiln also developed from an external firing type to an internal one. Sintering type calcination; in order to promote the technological progress of the building gypsum powder industry and increase the operating speed of the production line of gypsum building materials products, the airflow type rapid calcination process has been developed in recent years. In general, the gypsum calcination process develops gradually along the trend from intermittent discharge to continuous discharge, from indirect heating to direct heating, and from slow dehydration to rapid dehydration.
目前，我国的中小企业多采用内烧或外烧回转窑、间歇或连续炒锅和沸腾炉等进行生产，规模较小，配套设施不健全，产品质量不够稳定，能耗偏高。近年来，我国自行开发的年产10万吨以上的沸腾炉、直热式回转窑已有几条投入了生产（生产工艺参数尚有待于优化）。At present, my country's small and medium-sized enterprises mostly use internal or external firing rotary kilns, intermittent or continuous frying pans and fluidized fluidized furnaces for production. The scale is small, the supporting facilities are not perfect, the product quality is not stable enough, and the energy consumption is high. In recent years, several fluidized fluidized furnaces and direct-heating rotary kilns developed by my country with an annual output of more than 100,000 tons have been put into production (the production process parameters still need to be optimized).
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种利用磷石膏制备建筑石膏粉的工艺，该工艺采用工业废弃物作为原料，工艺过程简单，控制方便，产品性能优越稳定，完全满足国家标准GB9776-2008的要求。The purpose of this invention is to provide a process for preparing construction gypsum powder from phosphogypsum. The process uses industrial waste as raw material, the process is simple, the control is convenient, the product performance is superior and stable, and it fully meets the requirements of the national standard GB9776-2008.
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。依据本发明提出的利用磷石膏制备建筑石膏粉的工艺，包括以下步骤：The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions. According to the technique that the present invention proposes utilizing phosphogypsum to prepare building gypsum powder, comprises the following steps:
A.磷石膏原料的喂料：磷石膏原料由专用喂料机定量喂入进料溜槽；A. Feeding of phosphogypsum raw material: The phosphogypsum raw material is quantitatively fed into the feeding chute by a special feeder;
B.烘干和脱水热源：采用热风炉提供气体热源，气体温度控制在350℃~600℃；B. Heat source for drying and dehydration: use a hot blast stove to provide a gas heat source, and the gas temperature is controlled at 350°C~600°C;
C.磷石膏的干燥、细磨、选粉：磷石膏原料在立磨装置内集中完成颗粒分散、磨细、干燥和分级过程，立磨装置排出的含尘气体进入旋风分离器，实现气固分离，气流温度控制在90℃~140℃；出立磨装置的中间物料为二水石膏，自由水含量小于5%；所述含尘气体通过收尘器收尘后，经引风机排出；C. Drying, fine grinding, and powder selection of phosphogypsum: The raw material of phosphogypsum is concentrated in the vertical mill to complete the particle dispersion, grinding, drying and grading process. The dusty gas discharged from the vertical mill enters the cyclone separator to achieve gas solidification. Separation, the air temperature is controlled at 90°C~140°C; the intermediate material exiting the vertical mill is dihydrate gypsum, and the free water content is less than 5%; the dust-laden gas is collected by the dust collector and then discharged by the induced draft fan;
D.磷石膏的悬浮态脱水：干燥后的中间物料进入悬浮态脱水炉脱水，脱水炉的出口温度控制在160℃~230℃；然后经旋风分离器气固分离，收集物料的主物相为半水石膏粉，总含水量控制在3%~10%；气体进入立磨装置，用作烘干的部分热源。D. Suspension dehydration of phosphogypsum: the dried intermediate material enters the suspension dehydration furnace for dehydration, and the outlet temperature of the dehydration furnace is controlled at 160 ° C ~ 230 ° C; then the gas-solid separation of the cyclone separator, the main phase of the collected material is For hemihydrate gypsum powder, the total water content is controlled at 3%~10%; the gas enters the vertical mill and is used as part of the heat source for drying.
E.陈化：收集得到的半水石膏粉送入陈化仓内，陈化1~5天，即成为建筑石膏粉。所得产品达到工业用建筑石膏粉的国家标准GBT9776-2008的要求。E. Aging: The collected semi-hydrated gypsum powder is put into the aging warehouse and aged for 1-5 days to become building gypsum powder. The obtained product meets the requirements of the national standard GBT9776-2008 for industrial building gypsum powder.
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。The purpose of the present invention and its technical problems can also be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
所述的磷石膏原料可以是氟石膏或其它类型石膏等工业副产品石膏或天然石膏。各种原料中CaSO4.2H2O的含量为60%~100%，SiO2含量为0%~30%。The raw material of phosphogypsum can be industrial by-product gypsum or natural gypsum such as fluorogypsum or other types of gypsum. The content of CaSO4 .2H2 O in various raw materials is 60%~100%, and the content of SiO2 is 0%~30%.
所述的工艺步骤B中，热风炉可以为燃煤、燃气或燃油炉型，也可以不用热风炉，利用其他工业过程排出的高温尾气作为热源。In the process step B, the hot blast stove can be a coal-fired, gas-fired or oil-fired stove, or no hot blast stove can be used, and high-temperature tail gas discharged from other industrial processes can be used as a heat source.
所述的工艺步骤C中，立磨粉磨后的物料平均粒度控制在15μm~60μm范围内。In the process step C, the average particle size of the material after grinding by the vertical mill is controlled within the range of 15 μm to 60 μm.
所述的工艺步骤C中，收尘器可以为带式收尘器或者电收尘器。In the process step C, the dust collector can be a belt dust collector or an electric dust collector.
所述的在工艺步骤C中，脱水炉采用物料炉外循环方式，其物料循环量可控。In the above process step C, the dehydration furnace adopts the material circulation mode outside the furnace, and the material circulation amount is controllable.
本发明的工艺系统为负压操作，动力来源于引风机形成的设备内部负压差。The process system of the present invention operates under negative pressure, and the power comes from the negative pressure difference inside the equipment formed by the induced draft fan.
本发明磷石膏制备建筑石膏粉的方法至少具有下列优点：The method for preparing building gypsum powder from phosphogypsum of the present invention has the following advantages at least:
1）对磷石膏等工业副产石膏的开发利用，可以把副产石膏的化工工业和建材工业有机结合起来，实现磷肥和磷酸等工业的无废渣排放。1) The development and utilization of phosphogypsum and other industrial by-products of gypsum can organically combine the chemical industry and building materials industry of by-product gypsum to achieve no waste discharge from phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid industries.
2）工艺流程中，核心步骤C可以实现磷石膏粉体颗粒粒级的按目标控制，粒度控制方便。2) In the process flow, the core step C can realize the target control of the particle size of phosphogypsum powder, and the particle size control is convenient.
3）工艺流程中，核心步骤C-D内的传热传质过程都是在悬浮态下进行，极大改善了气固传递条件，提高了系统的热效率和反应效率。前期的基础研究证明悬浮态脱水过程在15s内即可迅速完成。3) In the process flow, the heat and mass transfer process in the core steps C-D is carried out in a suspension state, which greatly improves the gas-solid transfer conditions and improves the thermal efficiency and reaction efficiency of the system. The previous basic research proved that the suspension dehydration process can be completed quickly within 15s.
4）D步骤排出的温度相对较高的废气进入C步骤继续利用，最终排出的废气温度低于120℃，与传统脱水工艺相比热耗大幅度降低。4) The relatively high temperature exhaust gas discharged from step D enters step C for further utilization, and the temperature of the exhaust gas finally discharged is lower than 120°C, which greatly reduces the heat consumption compared with the traditional dehydration process.
5）本工艺采用现代控制手段进行温度和流量的控制，自动化程度高，产品性能稳定，易于大规模组织生产。5) This process adopts modern control means to control temperature and flow, with high degree of automation, stable product performance, and easy to organize large-scale production.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的工艺示意图，图中带箭头的虚线表示气流路线，带箭头的实线表示物料路线图。1. 喂料系统；2. 热风炉；3. 立磨装置；4. 脱水炉；5. 成品料仓；6. 离心风机；T1为450℃；T2为180℃；T3 为110℃。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention, in which the dotted line with arrows represents the gas flow route, and the solid line with arrows represents the material route. 1. Feeding system; 2. Hot stove; 3. Vertical mill; 4. Dehydration furnace; 5. Finished product silo; 6. Centrifugal fan; T1 is 450°C;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段,以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的两步法磷石膏制备建筑石膏粉的工艺作进一步说明。In order to further explain the technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the process for preparing building gypsum powder from two-step method phosphogypsum according to the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
本发明的具体技术方案如下：Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
本发明工艺系统为负压操作，动力来源于引风机形成的设备内部负压差。由喂料装置、立磨装置、悬浮态脱水反应炉、陈化仓和收尘装置等组成，包括如下工艺步骤：The process system of the present invention operates under negative pressure, and the power comes from the negative pressure difference inside the equipment formed by the induced draft fan. It is composed of feeding device, vertical mill device, suspension dehydration reaction furnace, aging bin and dust collection device, including the following process steps:
A：磷石膏原料的喂料。磷石膏原料由专用喂料机定量喂入C步骤中的进料溜槽。依据生产规模，喂料机的规格可以是300~6000t/d(吨/天)。A: Feed of phosphogypsum raw material. The phosphogypsum raw material is quantitatively fed into the feed chute in the C step by a special feeder. According to the production scale, the specification of the feeder can be 300~6000t/d (ton/day).
B：烘干和脱水热源。采用热风炉为C和D步骤提供气体热源。一个较优的温度控制实施例为气体温度控制在450±20℃范围内。B: drying and dehydration heat source. A hot air stove is used to provide a gas heat source for steps C and D. A preferred example of temperature control is that the gas temperature is controlled within the range of 450±20°C.
C：磷石膏的干燥、细磨、选粉。磷石膏原料在立磨装置内集中完成颗粒分散、磨细、干燥和分级过程。一个较优的温度控制参数为立磨排出的含尘气流温度控制在110±10℃范围内，进入旋风分离器，实现气固分离。出立磨的中间物料为二水石膏，自由水含量小于3%。气体进入收尘器收尘后，经引风机排出。C: Drying, fine grinding and powder selection of phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum raw materials are concentrated in the vertical mill to complete the process of particle dispersion, grinding, drying and classification. A better temperature control parameter is that the temperature of the dust-laden airflow discharged from the vertical mill is controlled within the range of 110±10°C, and enters the cyclone separator to realize gas-solid separation. The intermediate material of the vertical mill is dihydrate gypsum, and the free water content is less than 3%. After the gas enters the dust collector to collect dust, it is discharged through the induced draft fan.
D：磷石膏的悬浮态脱水。干燥后的磷石膏粉料进入悬浮态脱水炉脱水，一个较优的实施例为脱水炉的出口温度控制在190±10℃。后经旋风分离器气固分离，收集物料的主物相为半水石膏粉，在较优的实施例下，物料总含水量控制在4%-6%范围内。气体进入立磨装置，用作烘干的部分热源。D: Suspension dehydration of phosphogypsum. The dried phosphogypsum powder enters the suspension state dehydration furnace for dehydration. A preferred embodiment is that the outlet temperature of the dehydration furnace is controlled at 190±10°C. After the gas-solid separation by the cyclone separator, the main phase of the collected material is hemihydrate gypsum powder. In a preferred embodiment, the total water content of the material is controlled within the range of 4%-6%. The gas enters the vertical mill and is used as part of the heat source for drying.
E：收集得到的半水石膏粉进入陈化仓内，一个较优的实施例是经过2~3天的陈化，即成为建筑石膏粉，达到工业用建筑石膏粉的国家标准GBT9776-2008的要求。E: The collected hemihydrate gypsum powder enters the aging bin. A better embodiment is to become building gypsum powder after 2-3 days of aging, which meets the requirements of the national standard GBT9776-2008 for industrial building gypsum powder.
本发明的工艺步骤C中，磷石膏物料的粉磨细度和选粉细度等参数根据工艺要求可调。一个较优的实施例是石膏粉的平均粒径控制在15μm~40μm。In the process step C of the present invention, the parameters such as the grinding fineness and powder selection fineness of the phosphogypsum material can be adjusted according to the process requirements. A preferred embodiment is that the average particle size of the gypsum powder is controlled at 15 μm to 40 μm.
本发明的工艺步骤D中，磷石膏物料的脱水温度根据工艺要求可调。In the process step D of the present invention, the dehydration temperature of the phosphogypsum material can be adjusted according to the process requirements.
本发明的工艺流程中，系统风量、系统是设备内部断面风速可调，调节方式可以为管道上设置阀门或者对引风机采用变频调速方式。In the technological process of the present invention, the air volume of the system and the wind speed of the cross-section inside the equipment can be adjusted, and the adjustment method can be to set a valve on the pipeline or adopt a frequency conversion speed regulation method for the induced draft fan.
本发明的工艺步骤D中，磷石膏悬浮态反应器采用物料炉外循环方式，其物料循环量可控。一个较优的实施例是循环量控制在10%左右。In the process step D of the present invention, the phosphogypsum suspension reactor adopts the material circulation mode outside the furnace, and the material circulation amount is controllable. A preferred embodiment is that the circulation volume is controlled at about 10%.
本发明的工艺流程中，进入步骤C的气流可以是步骤D排出的气体，也可以是步骤D与热风炉排出的高温气体的混合气，可以通过相应管路上的阀门进行气体流量的配置。一个较优的实施例是混合气携带的有效热焓满足磷石膏干燥的热量要求，使步骤C排出的气体温度维持在110±10℃的范围内。In the process flow of the present invention, the gas flow entering step C can be the gas discharged from step D, or the mixed gas of step D and the high-temperature gas discharged from the hot blast stove, and the gas flow can be configured through the valve on the corresponding pipeline. A preferred embodiment is that the effective enthalpy carried by the mixed gas meets the heat requirement for drying phosphogypsum, so that the temperature of the gas discharged from step C is maintained within the range of 110±10°C.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this field Those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, may use the technical content disclosed above to make some changes or modify equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, but if they do not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, according to the Technical Essence Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410192026.0ACN103936313B (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2014-05-08 | The technique of building gypsum plaster prepared by a kind of phosphogypsum |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410192026.0ACN103936313B (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2014-05-08 | The technique of building gypsum plaster prepared by a kind of phosphogypsum |
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| CN103936313Btrue CN103936313B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410192026.0AActiveCN103936313B (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2014-05-08 | The technique of building gypsum plaster prepared by a kind of phosphogypsum |
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