CN103888367A - Multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChineseDescription
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及互联网技术领域，特别涉及一种基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of the Internet, in particular to a multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay.
背景技术Background technique
随着互联网的演进和网络接入技术的发展，越来越多的端系统具有了多宿主的特性，也就是能够同时利用多个ISP提供的服务接入互联网。由于具有多个网络接口，多宿主主机通常配置多个IP地址。通过使用不同的IP地址，多宿主主机之间可以在不同的路径上传输数据，这一特性为设计多路径TCP协议提供了物质基础。一条多路径TCP流由若干条子流组成，每条子流使用不同的IP地址，因而可以经由不同的路径进行数据传输。发送方根据每条路径上拥塞程度的变化情况，动态调节子流的传输速率，把流量从拥塞的路径迁移到不拥塞的路径，从而补偿在某些路径上由于拥塞引起的速率下降，实现自适应负载均衡。因此，多路径TCP不仅能够提高端到端通信的吞吐率和鲁棒性，而且有助于网络带宽得到更加公平和高效的使用。With the evolution of the Internet and the development of network access technologies, more and more end systems have the characteristics of multi-homing, that is, they can use services provided by multiple ISPs to access the Internet at the same time. Because of having multiple network interfaces, multihomed hosts are often configured with multiple IP addresses. By using different IP addresses, multi-homed hosts can transmit data on different paths. This feature provides a material basis for designing multi-path TCP protocols. A multi-path TCP flow is composed of several sub-flows, and each sub-flow uses a different IP address, so data can be transmitted through different paths. The sender dynamically adjusts the transmission rate of the sub-flow according to the change of the congestion level on each path, and migrates the traffic from the congested path to the non-congested path, thereby compensating for the rate drop caused by congestion on some paths and realizing automatic Adapt to load balancing. Therefore, multipath TCP can not only improve the throughput and robustness of end-to-end communication, but also help the network bandwidth to be used more fairly and efficiently.
拥塞控制算法是多路径TCP协议的关键技术之一。从网络的角度看，多路径TCP的每条子流与传统单路径TCP的行为几乎相同，但这种相似性并不意味着多路径TCP是多条子流的简单聚合，原因有两点：其一，多条子流的数据传输行为不是独立的，而应当相互耦合起来，才能实现流量从拥塞路径向不拥塞路径的迁移；其二，多路径TCP应当与传统的单路径TCP友好共存，换句话说，在瓶颈链路上，一条多路径TCP流所获得的带宽应当与其子流数量无关，否则会造成传统单路径TCP流的性能下降。设计合适的拥塞控制算法是实现上述两个目标的关键，由于传统算法只适用于单路径TCP的数据传输需求，所以目前并没有针对多路径TCP所设计的新的拥塞控制算法。Congestion control algorithm is one of the key technologies of multipath TCP protocol. From the network point of view, the behavior of each sub-flow of multi-path TCP is almost the same as that of traditional single-path TCP, but this similarity does not mean that multi-path TCP is a simple aggregation of multiple sub-flows. There are two reasons: one , the data transmission behavior of multiple sub-flows is not independent, but should be coupled with each other to realize the migration of traffic from congested paths to non-congested paths; second, multi-path TCP should coexist friendly with traditional single-path TCP, in other words , on the bottleneck link, the bandwidth obtained by a multi-path TCP flow should have nothing to do with the number of sub-flows, otherwise the performance of the traditional single-path TCP flow will be degraded. Designing an appropriate congestion control algorithm is the key to achieving the above two goals. Since the traditional algorithm is only suitable for the data transmission requirements of single-path TCP, there is currently no new congestion control algorithm designed for multi-path TCP.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的目的在于提出一种基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法，该方法具有计算成本低、负载均衡粒度细、兼容性高及扩展性强的优点。The present invention aims at solving one of the technical problems in the related art mentioned above at least to a certain extent. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to propose a multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay, which has the advantages of low calculation cost, fine granularity of load balancing, high compatibility and strong scalability.
为了实现上述目的，本发明的实施例提出了一种基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法，包括以下步骤：子流r测量当前分组的往返传输时延rttr，并根据所述往返传输时延rttr更新基础时延baseRTTr；所述子流r根据所述往返传输时延rttr和所述基础时延baseRTTr计算其分组排队时延qr，并根据所述时延qr估算当前排队的分组数量diffr；判断diffr是否小于控制参数αr，如果diffr小于αr，则线性增加所述子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，如果所述diffr大于αr，则线性减少所述子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，以及如果diffr等于αr，则保持所述拥塞窗口cwndr不变；所述子流r根据所述拥塞窗口cwndr和所述往返传输时延rttr估算当前的数据传输速率，并根据所述数据传输速率实时更新所述控制参数αr。In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay, including the following steps: the subflow r measures the round-trip transmission delay rttr of the current packet, and according to the round-trip transmission delay rtt r The transmission delay rttr updates the base delay baseRTTr ; the subflow r calculates its packet queuing delay q r according to the round-trip transmission delay rttr and the base delay baseRTTr , and calculates its packet queuing delay qr according to the delay qr Estimate the number of packets currently queued diffr ; judge whether diffr is less than the control parameter αr , if diffr is less than αr , linearly increase the congestion window cwndr of the subflow r, if the diffr is greater than αr , Then linearly reduce the congestion window cwnd r of the sub-flowr , and if diffr is equal to αr , then keep the congestion window cwndr unchanged; the sub-flow r according to the congestion window cwndr and the round-trip transmission The time delay rttr estimates the current data transmission rate, and updates the control parameter αr in real time according to the data transmission rate.
根据本发明实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法，多路径TCP流的发送端测量每条子流r的分组排队时延，然后用该时延估算子流r由于网络拥塞而在路由器缓存中排队的分组数量diffr，且如果diffr<αr，则线性增加子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，如果diffr>αr，则线性减少子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，并且每个子流r根据其当前的传输速率占整个流总吞吐率的比值动态调整参数αr。因此，该方法具有计算成本低、负载均衡粒度细、兼容性高以及易于增量部署等优点，且适用于各种网络拓扑中的多路径TCP数据传输需求，因此，可扩展性强。According to the multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay in the embodiment of the present invention, the sending end of the multi-path TCP flow measures the packet queuing delay of each sub-flow r, and then uses the delay to estimate the sub-flow r due to network congestion The number of packets queued in the router buffer diffr , and if diffr < αr , then linearly increase the congestion window cwndr of subflow r, if diffr > αr , then linearly decrease the congestion window cwnd r of subflowr , And each sub-flow r dynamically adjusts the parameter αr according to the ratio of its current transmission rate to the total throughput of the whole flow. Therefore, this method has the advantages of low computing cost, fine-grained load balancing, high compatibility, and easy incremental deployment, and is suitable for multi-path TCP data transmission requirements in various network topologies, so it has strong scalability.
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：In addition, the multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay according to the foregoing embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
在一些示例中，所述根据所述往返传输时延rttr更新基础时延baseRTTr，进一步包括：比较所述往返传输时延rttr和所述基础时延baseRTTr；如果所述rttr大于所述baseRTTr，则保持所述baseRTTr不变；如果所述rttr小于所述baseRTTr，则更新所述baseRTTr为rttr。In some examples, the updating baseRTTr according to the round-trip transmission delay rttr further includes: comparing the round-trip transmission delay rttr with the baseRTTr ; if the rttr is greater than For the baseRTTr , keep the baseRTTr unchanged; if the rttr is smaller than the baseRTTr , update the baseRTTr to rttr .
在一些示例中，可通过如下公式计算所述分组排队延时qr：In some examples, the packet queuing delay qr can be calculated by the following formula:
qr=rttr-baseRTTr。qr = rttr -baseRTTr .
在一些示例中，可通过如下公式估算当前排队的分组数量diffr：In some examples, the number of currently queued packets diffr can be estimated by the following formula:
diffr=cwndr·qr/rttr，diffr = cwndr qr /rttr ,
其中，cwndr表示所述子流r的拥塞窗口。Wherein, cwndr represents the congestion window of the sub-flow r.
在一些示例中，所述子流r通过如下公式估算当前的数据传输速率：In some examples, the substream r estimates the current data transmission rate through the following formula:
rater=cwndr/rttr。rater = cwndr /rttr .
在一些示例中，通过如下公式更新所述控制参数αr：In some examples, the control parameter αr is updated by the following formula:
αr=β·rater/∑i∈Rratei，αr = β·rater /∑i∈R ratei ,
其中，i∈R表示遍历多路径TCP的所有子流，β为常数。Among them, i∈R means to traverse all subflows of multipath TCP, and β is a constant.
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and comprehensible from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法的流程图；以及Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission time delay according to one embodiment of the present invention; And
图2为根据本发明一个另一个实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法的流程图。Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay according to another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
以下结合附图描述根据本发明实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法。The multipath TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法的流程图。如图1所示，根据本发明一个实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法，包括以下步骤：Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the multipath TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission time delay according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
步骤S101，子流r测量当前分组的往返传输时延rttr，并根据往返传输时延rttr更新基础时延baseRTTr，其中r为子流的编号。在本发明的一个实施例中，根据往返传输时延rttr更新基础时延baseRTTr，进一步包括：比较往返传输时延rttr和基础时延baseRTTr，如果rttr大于baseRTTr，则保持baseRTTr不变；如果rttr小于baseRTTr，则更新baseRTTr为rttr。Step S101, the sub-flow r measures the round-trip transmission delay rttr of the current packet, and updates the base time delay baseRTTr according to the round-trip transmission delay rttr , where r is the number of the sub-flow. In one embodiment of the present invention, updating the base time delay baseRTTr according to the round-trip transmission time delay rttr further includes: comparing the round-trip transmission time delay rttr with the base time delay baseRTTr , if rttr is greater than baseRTTr , then keep baseRTTr remains unchanged; if rttr is smaller than baseRTTr , update baseRTTr to rttr .
步骤S102，子流r根据往返传输时延rttr和基础时延baseRTTr计算其分组排队时延qr，并根据时延qr估算当前排队的分组数量diffr。具体而言，在本发明的一个实施例中，可通过如下公式计算分组排队时延qr：In step S102, the subflow r calculates its packet queuing delay qr according to the round-trip transmission delay rttr and the base delay baseRTTr , and estimates the number of currently queued packets diffr according to the delay qr . Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the packet queuing delay qr can be calculated by the following formula:
qr=rttr-baseRTTr。qr = rttr -baseRTTr .
近一步地，可通过如下公式估算当前排队的分组数量diffr：Further, the number of currently queued packets diffr can be estimated by the following formula:
diffr=cwndr·qr/rttr，diffr = cwndr qr /rttr ,
其中，cwndr表示所述子流r的拥塞窗口。Wherein, cwndr represents the congestion window of the sub-flow r.
步骤S103，判断diffr是否小于控制参数αr，如果diffr小于αr，则线性增加子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，如果diffr大于αr，则线性减少子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，以及如果diffr等于αr，则保持拥塞窗口cwndr不变。Step S103, judge whether diffr is smaller than the control parameter αr , if diffr is smaller than αr , linearly increase the congestion window cwnd r of subflowr , and if diffr is greater than αr , linearly decrease the congestion window cwnd r of subflowr , and if diffr is equal to αr , keep the congestion window cwndr unchanged.
步骤S104，子流r根据拥塞窗口cwndr和往返传输时延rttr估算当前的数据传输速率，并根据数据传输速率实时更新控制参数αr。具体而言，在本发明的一个实施例中，子流r通过如下公式估算当前的数据传输速率：Step S104, the subflow r estimates the current data transmission rate according to the congestion window cwndr and the round-trip transmission delay rttr , and updates the control parameter αr in real time according to the data transmission rate. Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, the substream r estimates the current data transmission rate by the following formula:
rater=cwndr/rttr。rater = cwndr /rttr .
进一步地，通过如下公式更新控制参数αr：Further, the control parameter αr is updated by the following formula:
αr=β·rater/∑i∈Rratei，αr = β·rater /∑i∈R ratei ,
其中，i∈R表示遍历多路径TCP的所有子流，β为常数。Among them, i∈R means to traverse all subflows of multipath TCP, and β is a constant.
综上所述，本发明实施例的方法的原理概括为：多路径TCP流的发送端测量每条子流的分组排队时延qr，然后用该时延估算子流由于网络拥塞而在路由器缓存中排队的分组数量diffr。如果diffr<αr，则线性增加子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，如果diffr>αr，则线性减少子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，最后每个子流r根据其当前的传输速率占整个流总吞吐率的比值动态调整参数αr。In summary, the principle of the method in the embodiment of the present invention is summarized as follows: the sending end of the multipath TCP flow measures the packet queuing delay qr of each sub-flow, and then uses the delay to estimate the sub-flow due to network congestion and is cached in the router. The number of packets queued in diffr . If diffr < αr , increase the congestion window cwndr of sub-flow r linearly, if diffr > αr , then decrease the congestion window cwnd r of sub-flowr linearly, and finally each sub-flow r occupies according to its current transmission rate The ratio of the total throughput of the entire flow dynamically adjusts the parameter αr .
作为一个具体的示例，以下结合图2对本发明上述的控制方法作进一步描述。As a specific example, the above-mentioned control method of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with FIG. 2 .
图2为根据本发明另一个实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法的流程图。如图2所示，根据本发明另一个实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法，包括以下步骤：Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the multipath TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
步骤S201，多路径TCP流启动，并建立多条子流。In step S201, a multi-path TCP flow is started, and multiple sub-flows are established.
步骤S202，初始化每条子流的控制变量，例如包括：alpha，rate，begSeq。Step S202, initialize the control variables of each sub-flow, for example including: alpha, rate, begSeq.
步骤S203，在子流上收到确认分组，确认序号为ack。In step S203, an acknowledgment packet is received on the substream, and the acknowledgment sequence number is ack.
步骤S204，判断确认序号ack是否大于初始变量begSeq，如果是，则执行步骤S205，否则返回执行步骤S203。Step S204, judging whether the acknowledgment sequence number ack is greater than the initial variable begSeq, if yes, execute step S205, otherwise return to execute step S203.
步骤S205，判断当前分组的往返传输时延rtt是否小于基础时延baseRTT，如果是，则执行步骤S206，否则执行步骤S207。Step S205, judging whether the round-trip transmission delay rtt of the current packet is smaller than the base delay baseRTT, if yes, execute step S206, otherwise execute step S207.
步骤S206，更新baseRTT为rtt，并进一步执行步骤S207。Step S206, update baseRTT to rtt, and further execute step S207.
步骤S207，计算排队分组数diff，并更新begSeq为当前将要发送的分组序号。其中，排队分组数diff的具体计算公式如下：Step S207, calculate the queued packet number diff, and update begSeq to the sequence number of the packet to be sent currently. Among them, the specific calculation formula of the number of queued packets diff is as follows:
diff=cwnd·q/rtt。diff=cwnd·q/rtt.
步骤S208，判断diff是否大于或等于控制参数alpha，如果是，则执行步骤S209，否则执行步骤S310。Step S208, judging whether diff is greater than or equal to the control parameter alpha, if yes, execute step S209, otherwise execute step S310.
步骤S209，计算当前的数据传输速率rate=cwnd/rtt，并且计算alpha=beta×rate/totalRate，即α=β·rate/∑i∈Rrate，并进一步执行步骤S210。Step S209, calculate the current data transmission rate rate=cwnd/rtt, and calculate alpha=beta×rate/totalRate, that is, α=β·rate/∑i∈R rate, and further execute step S210.
步骤S210，判断diff是否大于alpha，如果是，则执行步骤S211，否则执行步骤S212。Step S210, judging whether diff is greater than alpha, if yes, execute step S211, otherwise execute step S212.
步骤S211，令cwnd=cwnd-1，即线性减少子流的拥堵窗口cwnd，并进一步执行步骤S214。Step S211, set cwnd=cwnd-1, that is, linearly reduce the congestion window cwnd of the sub-flow, and further execute step S214.
步骤S212，判断diff是否小于alpha，如果是，则执行步骤S213，否则执行步骤S214。Step S212, judging whether diff is smaller than alpha, if yes, execute step S213, otherwise execute step S214.
步骤S213，令cwnd=cwnd+1，即线性增加子流的拥塞窗口cwnd，并进一步执行步骤S214。Step S213, set cwnd=cwnd+1, that is, linearly increase the congestion window cwnd of the sub-flow, and further execute step S214.
步骤S214，判断传输是否结束，如果未结束则反馈执行步骤S203，如果传输结束，则执行步骤S215。Step S214, judging whether the transmission is over, if not, then execute step S203, and if the transmission is over, then execute step S215.
步骤S215，结束。Step S215, end.
具体而言，根据本发明方法的上述算法步骤可以看出，每个子流需要周期性的调整各种控制参数。因此，在算法实施的过程中，首先要确定参数的调节周期。为了使多路径TCP流更快的响应网络拥塞程度的变化，本方法以分组的往返传输时延作为控制参数的时间间隔。Specifically, according to the above algorithm steps of the method of the present invention, it can be seen that each sub-flow needs to periodically adjust various control parameters. Therefore, in the process of implementing the algorithm, the adjustment period of the parameters must be determined first. In order to make the multi-path TCP flow respond to the change of the network congestion level faster, the method uses the round-trip transmission delay of the packet as the time interval of the control parameter.
综上所述，结合图2所示，每个子流维护一个变量begSeqr，其初始值为将要发送的分组的序号；当收到的确认序号大于begSeqr时，进行子流相关参数的调节，最后把begSeqr更新为当前将要发送的分组的序号，为下一轮参数调节做好准备。To sum up, as shown in Figure 2, each subflow maintains a variable begSeqr , whose initial value is the sequence number of the packet to be sent; when the received confirmation sequence number is greater than begSeqr , adjust the relevant parameters of the subflow, Finally, update begSeqr to the sequence number of the packet to be sent currently, so as to prepare for the next round of parameter adjustment.
从2.6.22版本开始，Linux内核为拥塞控制模块提供了高精度测量时间的能力，即通过启用TCP_CONG_RTT_STAMP标志，拥塞控制算法能够从内核获得以微秒为单位的分组往返传输时延（RTT），从而更加精确的调节数据发送速率。Starting from version 2.6.22, the Linux kernel provides the ability to measure time with high precision for the congestion control module, that is, by enabling the TCP_CONG_RTT_STAMP flag, the congestion control algorithm can obtain the packet round-trip transmission delay (RTT) in microseconds from the kernel, Thus, the data transmission rate can be adjusted more accurately.
根据本发明实施例的基于分组传输时延的多路径TCP拥塞控制方法，多路径TCP流的发送端测量每条子流r的分组排队时延，然后用该时延估算子流r由于网络拥塞而在路由器缓存中排队的分组数量diffr，且如果diffr<αr，则线性增加子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，如果diffr>αr，则线性减少子流r的拥塞窗口cwndr，并且每个子流r根据其当前的传输速率占整个流总吞吐率的比值动态调整参数αr。因此，该方法具有计算成本低、负载均衡粒度细、兼容性高以及易于增量部署等优点，且适用于各种网络拓扑中的多路径TCP数据传输需求，因此，可扩展性强。According to the multi-path TCP congestion control method based on packet transmission delay in the embodiment of the present invention, the sending end of the multi-path TCP flow measures the packet queuing delay of each sub-flow r, and then uses the delay to estimate the sub-flow r due to network congestion The number of packets queued in the router buffer diffr , and if diffr < αr , then linearly increase the congestion window cwndr of subflow r, if diffr > αr , then linearly decrease the congestion window cwnd r of subflowr , And each sub-flow r dynamically adjusts the parameter αr according to the ratio of its current transmission rate to the total throughput of the whole flow. Therefore, this method has the advantages of low computing cost, fine-grained load balancing, high compatibility, and easy incremental deployment, and is suitable for multi-path TCP data transmission requirements in various network topologies, so it has strong scalability.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axial", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the referred device or element Must be in a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "beneath" the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, those skilled in the art can make the above-mentioned The embodiments are subject to changes, modifications, substitutions and variations.
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