技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电网防雷领域，特别是基于分布式雷电流监测的输电线路防雷性能评估方法，其适用于电力系统高压、超高压及特高压架空输电线路防雷性能评估与防雷改造。The invention relates to the field of power grid lightning protection, in particular to a lightning protection performance evaluation method for transmission lines based on distributed lightning current monitoring, which is suitable for lightning protection performance evaluation and lightning protection transformation of high-voltage, ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage overhead transmission lines in electric power systems.
背景技术Background technique
输电线路防雷设计对输电线路的安全性和经济性至关重要，因此需要对输电线路进行防雷评估。其中，雷电流、雷击故障特征与雷击故障点定位是输电线路防雷设计中的重要参考依据，雷电流数值的准确取值，雷击故障类型的准确判断与雷击故障点的准确定位有助于更为科学地评估高压架空输电线路的防雷性能。The lightning protection design of transmission lines is very important to the safety and economy of transmission lines, so it is necessary to conduct lightning protection assessment for transmission lines. Among them, lightning current, lightning fault characteristics and lightning fault location are important references in the lightning protection design of transmission lines. The accurate value of lightning current, the accurate judgment of lightning fault type and the accurate location of lightning fault point are helpful In order to scientifically evaluate the lightning protection performance of high-voltage overhead transmission lines.
雷电流、雷击故障特征与雷击故障点定位对于输电线路防雷性能评估的重要性在于：一、由于现有雷电流基础参数匮乏，导致电网防雷设计及施工缺乏基础性依据，只能借鉴国外相关数据或历史运行经验进行我国电网防雷设计及施工，而雷电流参数分布具有很强的地域性特征，所以仅靠借鉴国外相关数据或历史运行经验，在一定程度上容易造成电网防雷装置设计盲目性，导致输电线路雷击跳闸率居高不下；二、输电线路雷击跳闸后，目前在判别雷击故障类型时基本采用运行经验判断，不仅工作量大，且存在较大的误判的可能性，而反击防护措施及绕击防护措施有着很大差异；三、以往在进行输电线路故障定位时，通常设置固定的波速值，而实际波速往往又是变化的，因此造成波速误差，影响了故障定位精度。因此，基于雷电流监测数据进行雷击事故识别和雷击性质判别、定位雷击故障点、总结输电线路雷击故障特点，对开展雷击分析和采取合适的防雷措施具有重要意义。The importance of lightning current, lightning fault characteristics and lightning fault point location for the evaluation of lightning protection performance of transmission lines lies in: 1. Due to the lack of basic parameters of lightning current, the lightning protection design and construction of power grid lack basic basis, so we can only learn from foreign countries. Relevant data or historical operation experience are used to carry out the lightning protection design and construction of my country's power grid, and the distribution of lightning current parameters has strong regional characteristics. The blindness of the design leads to a high rate of lightning tripping of the transmission line; 2. After the lightning tripping of the transmission line, the operation experience is basically used to judge the type of lightning fault. , but there is a big difference between counterattack protection measures and shielding protection measures; 3. In the past, when locating transmission line faults, a fixed wave velocity value was usually set, but the actual wave velocity often changed, which caused wave velocity errors and affected faults. positioning accuracy. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct lightning strike analysis and take appropriate lightning protection measures based on lightning current monitoring data to identify lightning strike accidents and distinguish the nature of lightning strikes, locate lightning strike fault points, and summarize the characteristics of lightning strike faults on transmission lines.
针对雷电流、雷击故障特征与雷击故障点定位等基础参数对于防雷性能评估的影响，中国专利文献公开的《基于雷电参数统计的输电线路防雷性能评估方法》（专利号200810048399.5），该方法利用基于雷电定位系统在雷电流幅值的分布和地面落雷密度方面所积累了大量数据进行防雷性能评估。完全基于雷电定位系统获取的数据进行防雷性能评估，对雷击故障类型、绕击风险来源缺乏细致的考虑，对电压等级高的输电线路来说，通常绕击跳闸比反击跳闸更多，对绕击风险来源需细致分析。采用分布式雷电流检测即为弥补其中不足。Aiming at the impact of basic parameters such as lightning current, lightning fault characteristics and lightning fault point location on the evaluation of lightning protection performance, the "Method for Evaluating Lightning Protection Performance of Transmission Lines Based on Statistics of Lightning Parameters" (Patent No. 200810048399.5) published in Chinese patent literature, this method A large amount of data accumulated based on the lightning location system on the distribution of lightning current amplitude and the density of ground lightning strikes is used to evaluate the performance of lightning protection. The lightning protection performance evaluation is based entirely on the data obtained by the lightning location system, and the type of lightning fault and the source of shielding risk are not carefully considered. For transmission lines with high voltage levels, there are usually more shielding trips than counterattack trips. The source of attack risk needs to be carefully analyzed. The use of distributed lightning current detection is to make up for the shortcomings.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题，就是提供结合分布式雷电流监测数据、雷电定位系统数据和线路杆塔运行数据的输电线路防雷性能评估方法。评估结果为开展雷击分析和采取合适的防雷措施具提供参考依据。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lightning protection performance evaluation method for transmission lines that combines distributed lightning current monitoring data, lightning positioning system data and line tower operation data. The evaluation results provide a reference for lightning strike analysis and appropriate lightning protection measures.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种基于分布式雷电流监测装置的输电线路防雷性能评估方法。所述方法从雷电定位系统获取线路地闪密度、雷电流概率分布参数，从线路运维部门获取杆塔结构和运行配置参数及地形地貌参数，这些参数将用于逐基杆塔计算反击和绕击跳闸率；从分布式雷电流监测装置获取历史雷击故障杆塔信息、雷击类型和雷击故障位置数据，用于分析线路绕击和反击风险比例及绕击风险来源。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a lightning protection performance evaluation method for transmission lines based on a distributed lightning current monitoring device. The method obtains the lightning density and lightning current probability distribution parameters of the line from the lightning positioning system, and obtains the tower structure and operation configuration parameters and terrain and landform parameters from the line operation and maintenance department. rate; the historical lightning strike fault tower information, lightning strike type and lightning strike fault location data are obtained from the distributed lightning current monitoring device, which is used to analyze the risk ratio of line shielding and counterattack and the source of shielding risk.
结合分布式雷电流监测的输电线路防雷性能评估方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：The lightning protection performance evaluation method for transmission lines combined with distributed lightning current monitoring is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
（1）获取线路走廊雷电特征参数、线路特征参数及历史雷击故障信息；(1) Obtain lightning characteristic parameters of line corridors, line characteristic parameters and historical lightning fault information;
（2）按照线路走廊各区段地闪密度，计算各区段实际地闪密度下杆塔反击跳闸率Pf和绕击跳闸率Pr；将输电线路运行规范中对雷击跳闸率的考核指标折算至线路平均地闪密度下，得到实际雷击跳闸率考核指标S；同时，参照历史雷击故障信息，将S按照反击跳闸和绕击跳闸发生的比例分为Sf、Sr，按照Sf和Sr的值划分风险等级标准，根据雷击故障定位信息分析杆塔绕击风险来源；(2) According to the ground flash density of each section of the line corridor, calculate the counterattack trip rate Pf and shielding trip rate Pr of the tower under the actual ground flash density of each section; Under the flash density, the actual lightning tripping rate assessment index S is obtained; at the same time, referring to the historical lightning fault information, S is divided into Sf and Sr according to the proportion of counter tripping and shielding tripping, and the risk level standard is divided according to the values of Sf and Sr. Analyze the source of tower shielding risk based on lightning fault location information;
（3）比较反击跳闸率Pf、绕击跳闸率Pr和风险等级区间，确定每基杆塔的反击和绕击跳闸风险等级；结合所有杆塔的绕击和反击跳闸风险等级，评估出线路整体的防雷性能。(3) Compare the counterattack tripping rate Pf, the shielding tripping rate Pr and the risk level interval to determine the counterattack and shielding tripping risk level of each base tower; combine the shielding and counterattack tripping risk levels of all towers to evaluate the overall defense of the line Ray performance.
由分布式雷电流监测装置获取各基杆塔雷击故障的雷电流数据、雷击故障类型与雷击故障点准确位置，得出反击跳闸和绕击跳闸故障比例，计算绕击故障点到塔头的距离。The distributed lightning current monitoring device obtains the lightning current data of each base tower lightning fault, the type of lightning fault and the exact location of the lightning fault point, obtains the proportion of counterattack tripping and shielding tripping faults, and calculates the distance from the shielding fault point to the tower head.
设绕击故障点到塔头的距离x，对于未发生过绕击跳闸的杆塔，x的值通过全档距绕击跳闸计算中加权平均来计算；记杆塔大号和小号侧平均档距为L，若x≤L/4，则判断绕击跳闸风险集中于塔头，否则判断绕击跳闸风险集中于档距中央。Assuming the distance x from the shielding fault point to the tower head, for towers that have not experienced shielding trips, the value of x is calculated by the weighted average in the calculation of shielding trips for the full span; record the average span of the large and small sides of the tower is L, if x≤L/4, it is judged that the risk of shielding tripping is concentrated at the tower head, otherwise it is judged that the risk of shielding tripping is concentrated at the center of the span.
根据得到的反击跳闸和绕击跳闸发生的比例Sf、Sr，划分出四级绕击跳闸率和反击跳闸率标准区间，判断每基杆塔的绕击跳闸率Pr和反击跳闸率Pf落入的标准区间，得到相应的绕击和反击跳闸风险等级；According to the obtained proportions Sf and Sr of counterattack tripping and shielding tripping, divide the four-level shielding tripping rate and counterattack tripping rate standard interval, and judge the standards for shielding tripping rate Pr and counterattack tripping rate Pf of each base tower Interval, to obtain the corresponding shielding and counter-attack risk levels;
绕击跳闸率标准区间为[0，Sr*0.5)、[Sr*0.5，Sr*1.0)、[Sr*1.0，Sr*1.5)、[Sr*1.5，∞)四级，分别对应的风险等级为A、B、C、D；The standard range of the shielding trip rate is [0, Sr*0.5), [Sr*0.5, Sr*1.0), [Sr*1.0, Sr*1.5), [Sr*1.5, ∞), and the corresponding risk levels for A, B, C, D;
反击跳闸率标准区间为[0，Sf*0.5)、[Sf*0.5，Sf*1.0)、[Sf*1.0，Sf*1.5)、[Sf*1.5，∞)四级，分别对应的风险等级为A、B、C、D。The standard range of counter-attack tripping rate is [0, Sf*0.5), [Sf*0.5, Sf*1.0), [Sf*1.0, Sf*1.5), [Sf*1.5, ∞), and the corresponding risk levels are A, B, C, D.
由分布式雷电流监测装置获取各基杆塔雷击故障的雷电流数据、雷击故障类型与雷击故障点准确位置。The distributed lightning current monitoring device obtains the lightning current data of each base tower lightning strike fault, the type of lightning strike fault and the exact location of the lightning strike fault point.
线路绕击和反击跳闸发生的比例来自分布式雷电流监测装置的准确统计，而不是运行经验的普遍平均，体现线路的差异性特点。The proportion of line shielding and counter-attack tripping comes from the accurate statistics of distributed lightning current monitoring devices, rather than the general average of operating experience, which reflects the differences in lines.
通过分布式雷电流监测装置的故障定位确定发生绕击跳闸的绕击风险来源。The source of the shielding risk of shielding tripping is determined through the fault location of the distributed lightning current monitoring device.
本发明所达到的有益效果：The beneficial effect that the present invention reaches:
本发明所述方法不仅使用了雷电定位系统的数据，还使用了雷电流监测装置的数据，准确地指导反击和绕击风险等级标准的划分，评估出线路整体的防雷性能。The method of the invention not only uses the data of the lightning positioning system, but also uses the data of the lightning current monitoring device to accurately guide the division of counterattack and shielding risk level standards, and evaluate the overall lightning protection performance of the line.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1、本发明的流程图。Fig. 1, flow chart of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面，结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的描述。Below, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明利用到的分布式雷电流监测装置为采购的现有产品（申请了2项专利，申请号为2012100443123、2013202574571），可以获取本方法需要的有关雷电流数据，将该装置在线路全线每15～20公里安装一个作为监测点，装置对线路电流采样测量获取故障相电流的暂态波形，准确简明地获取雷电流数据，辨别出故障类型并定位雷击故障点。如图1所示，本发明的方法的步骤包括：The distributed lightning current monitoring device used in the present invention is an existing product purchased (two patents have been applied for, and the application numbers are 2012100443123 and 2013202574571), and the relevant lightning current data required by this method can be obtained. Install one at 15 to 20 kilometers as a monitoring point. The device samples and measures the line current to obtain the transient waveform of the fault phase current, accurately and concisely obtain lightning current data, identify the fault type and locate the lightning strike fault point. As shown in Figure 1, the steps of the method of the present invention include:
(1)获取和统计基本信息(1) Acquisition and statistics of basic information
将线路划分区段，从雷电定位系统获取各区段地闪密度值Nj(下标j表示区段序号)、雷电流幅值概率分布函数；从运维单位获取各基杆塔结构特征和绝缘配置参数、地形地貌；从分布式雷电流监测装置获得历史雷击故障的雷击类型数据，得出反击和绕击故障比例，统计绕击故障点到塔头的距离；Divide the line into sections, obtain the ground flash density value Nj of each section (the subscript j indicates the section number) and the probability distribution function of lightning current amplitude from the lightning location system; obtain the structural characteristics and insulation configuration of each base tower from the operation and maintenance unit Parameters, topography and topography; Obtain the lightning type data of historical lightning strike faults from the distributed lightning current monitoring device, obtain the proportion of counterattack and shielding faults, and calculate the distance from the shielding fault point to the tower head;
(2)计算跳闸率和划分风险等级标准(2) Calculate the trip rate and divide the risk level standard
反击和绕击的雷击分析计算已有多种成熟的理论方法，本实施例中推荐使用程序仿真法进行反击跳闸计算、使用电气几何模型进行绕击跳闸计算。反击跳闸率Pf和绕击跳闸率Pr均使用杆塔所在区段的地闪密度，地面倾角、雷电流幅值概率分布、档距、绝缘水平等必要参数则均来自第(1)步。There are many mature theoretical methods for lightning strike analysis and calculation of counterattack and shielding strike. In this embodiment, it is recommended to use program simulation method for counterattack trip calculation and electrical geometric model for shielding trip calculation. Both the counterattack tripping rate Pf and the shielding tripping rate Pr use the ground flash density of the section where the tower is located, and the necessary parameters such as ground inclination, lightning current amplitude probability distribution, span, and insulation level are all from step (1).
参照《110(66)kV～500kV架空输电线路管理规范》中相应电压等级线路雷击跳闸率的考核标准，折算至线路平均地闪密度下，记为S。将S按照第(1)步中反击和绕击故障比例分割为Sf、Sr，反击和绕击跳闸风险等级划分标准见表1。Refer to the assessment standard for the lightning trip rate of the corresponding voltage level line in the "110 (66) kV ~ 500 kV Overhead Transmission Line Management Regulations", and convert it to the average ground flash density of the line, which is recorded as S. Divide S into Sf and Sr according to the proportion of counterattack and shielding faults in step (1). Table 1 shows the classification criteria for counterattack and shielding tripping risk levels.
根据第(1)步中绕击故障点到塔头的距离x，对于未发生过绕击跳闸的杆塔，x的值通过全档距绕击跳闸计算中加权平均来计算。记杆塔大号和小号侧平均档距为L，若x≤L/4，则判断绕击跳闸风险集中于塔头，否则判断绕击跳闸风险集中于档距中央。According to the distance x from the shielding fault point to the tower head in step (1), for towers that have not experienced shielding trips, the value of x is calculated by the weighted average in the calculation of shielding trips for all spans. Note that the average span of the large and small sides of the tower is L. If x≤L/4, it is judged that the risk of shielding tripping is concentrated at the tower head, otherwise it is judged that the risk of shielding tripping is concentrated in the center of the span.
表1反击和绕击跳闸风险等级划分标准Table 1 Standards for Classification of Counterattack and Shielding Trip Risk Levels
(3)评估杆塔绕击和反击跳闸风险(3) Assess the risk of tower shielding and counter-attack tripping
判断每基杆塔的Pr和Pf落入表1中列举的区间，得到相应的绕击和反击跳闸风险等级。风险等级由A到D表明杆塔防绕击能力或反击能力由强到弱。绕击跳闸风险等级处于A和B级表明杆塔防绕击能力较强，C和D级则说明绕击防雷性能不理想。同理，反击跳闸风险等级的说明亦如此。结合所有杆塔的绕击和反击跳闸风险等级统计，可以评估出线路整体的防雷性能。Judging that the Pr and Pf of each base tower fall into the range listed in Table 1, the corresponding shielding and counterattack tripping risk levels are obtained. The risk level from A to D indicates that the tower defense ability or counterattack ability is from strong to weak. The shielding trip risk level of A and B indicates that the shielding ability of the tower is strong, and the C and D levels indicate that the shielding lightning protection performance is not ideal. In the same way, the description of the counter-tripping risk level is also the same. Combined with the statistics of shielding and counter tripping risk levels of all towers, the overall lightning protection performance of the line can be evaluated.
线路防雷性能评估结果和第(2)步中统计的绕击跳闸风险来源，可用于指导雷击分析和防雷改造，以提高线路的防雷性能。The evaluation results of line lightning protection performance and the sources of shielding trip risk statistics in step (2) can be used to guide lightning analysis and lightning protection transformation to improve line lightning protection performance.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410093881.6ACN103884935B (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2014-03-14 | Transmission line of electricity lightning protection properties appraisal procedure in conjunction with the monitoring of distributed lightning current |
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| CN201410093881.6ACN103884935B (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2014-03-14 | Transmission line of electricity lightning protection properties appraisal procedure in conjunction with the monitoring of distributed lightning current |
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| CN201410093881.6AActiveCN103884935B (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2014-03-14 | Transmission line of electricity lightning protection properties appraisal procedure in conjunction with the monitoring of distributed lightning current |
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