技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种泄放电路及交流转换系统，特别涉及一种低功耗泄放电路及具有该低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统。The invention relates to a discharge circuit and an AC conversion system, in particular to a low power consumption discharge circuit and an AC conversion system with the low power consumption discharge circuit.
背景技术Background technique
使用于家电或信息产品的电源系统通常包含一电源转换器，以提供产品所需的各式应用电源电压。电源转换器的输入大多是由市电AC（交流电）电源来供应，然后通过在设计有电感器与电容所组成的EMI（Electromagnetic Interference）电磁干扰滤波电路与整流器后，转成对应所要求的电源电压，例如直流电压19伏特或5伏特等。但是当AC电源移除不连接供电时，仍有内部电容存在会保留电力，但为确保安全情况下，一般安全电压规范限定需要将内部电容电压于1秒内降至原先电容电压的37%以下。因此，内部需要装设一泄放元件将内部电容储存的电能泄放，公知在电源两输入端之间装设电阻器当作泄放元件，但在正常供电下电阻器不但会随电源电压高低产生对应的功率损失产生，而且整体功耗则难以符合低功耗标准。A power supply system used in home appliances or information products usually includes a power converter to provide various application power voltages required by the product. The input of the power converter is mostly supplied by the mains AC (alternating current) power supply, and then converted into the corresponding required power supply after designing an EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) electromagnetic interference filter circuit and rectifier composed of inductors and capacitors Voltage, such as DC voltage 19 volts or 5 volts, etc. However, when the AC power supply is removed and the power supply is not connected, there is still an internal capacitor that will retain power. However, in order to ensure safety, the general safety voltage regulation requires that the internal capacitor voltage drop below 37% of the original capacitor voltage within 1 second. . Therefore, it is necessary to install a discharge element inside to discharge the electric energy stored in the internal capacitor. It is known that a resistor is installed between the two input terminals of the power supply as a discharge element, but under normal power supply, the resistor will not only change with the power supply voltage. Corresponding power loss is generated, and the overall power consumption is difficult to meet the low power consumption standard.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为了解决上述问题，公开一种低功耗泄放电路及具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统，避免公知电阻器功率随电源电压高低过度耗损。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a low power consumption bleeder circuit and an AC conversion system with the low power bleeder circuit, so as to avoid excessive consumption of conventional resistor power with the power supply voltage.
本发明一种低功耗泄放电路，耦接于一交流电源、一输入滤波电容以及一整流滤波器，其中输入滤波电容与整流滤波器耦接交流电源的一第一输入端与一第二输入端。低功耗泄放电路包括：一第一开关元件耦接交流电源的第一输入端与整流滤波器的第一连接端；一第二开关元件耦接交流电源的第二输入端与整流滤波器的该第一连接端；以及一控制器，当检测交流电源移除时，控制第一开关元件与第二开关元件至少一个为导通状态。A low power consumption discharge circuit of the present invention is coupled to an AC power supply, an input filter capacitor and a rectifier filter, wherein the input filter capacitor and the rectifier filter are coupled to a first input terminal and a second input terminal of the AC power supply. input. The low power consumption discharge circuit includes: a first switch element coupled to the first input end of the AC power supply and the first connection end of the rectifier filter; a second switch element coupled to the second input end of the AC power supply and the rectifier filter The first connection terminal; and a controller, when detecting that the AC power is removed, control at least one of the first switch element and the second switch element to be in a conduction state.
本发明的一实施例中，整流滤波器的第一连接端连接一接地电压。In an embodiment of the present invention, the first connection end of the rectification filter is connected to a ground voltage.
本发明的一实施例中，控制器具有一第一检测端与一第二检测端，连接到一第一电阻与一第二电阻，并检测交流电源的第一输入端与第二输入端，以判断交流电源是否移除。In an embodiment of the present invention, the controller has a first detection terminal and a second detection terminal connected to a first resistor and a second resistor, and detects the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the AC power supply to Determines whether the AC power is removed.
本发明的一实施例中，控制器包括：一第一分压电路，连接第二电阻；第二分压电路，连接第一电阻；一第三开关元件，具有一第一端耦接第一开关元件的一控制端，一第二端耦接整流滤波器的第一连接端，以及一控制端耦接第一分压电路；一第四开关元件，具有一第一端耦接第二开关元件的一控制端，一第二端耦接整流滤波器的第一连接端，以及一控制端耦接第二分压电路；一电容，两端分别连接到第三开关元件的第一端与第四开关元件的第一端；一第一电流控制器，连接第一电阻与该第一开关元件的控制端；以及一第二电流控制器，连接第二电阻与第二开关元件的控制端。In one embodiment of the present invention, the controller includes: a first voltage divider circuit connected to the second resistor; a second voltage divider circuit connected to the first resistor; a third switch element with a first end coupled to the first A control end of the switch element, a second end coupled to the first connection end of the rectifier filter, and a control end coupled to the first voltage divider circuit; a fourth switch element, with a first end coupled to the second switch A control terminal of the element, a second terminal coupled to the first connection terminal of the rectifier filter, and a control terminal coupled to the second voltage divider circuit; a capacitor, both ends of which are respectively connected to the first terminal of the third switching element and the The first end of the fourth switch element; a first current controller, connected to the first resistor and the control end of the first switch element; and a second current controller, connected to the second resistor and the control end of the second switch element .
本发明的一实施例中，第一电流控制器与第二电流控制器为一电阻或一定电流源构成。In an embodiment of the present invention, the first current controller and the second current controller are formed by a resistor or a constant current source.
本发明的一实施例中，还包括一第一二极管连接于第三开关元件的第一端与第一开关元件的控制端，以及一第二二极管连接于第四开关元件的第一端与第二开关元件的控制端。In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a first diode connected to the first end of the third switch element and the control end of the first switch element, and a second diode connected to the first end of the fourth switch element. One terminal is connected to the control terminal of the second switching element.
本发明的一实施例中，控制器包括：一第一电流控制器，连接第一电阻与第一开关元件的一控制端；一第一二极管，连接于第一开关元件的控制端与交流电源的第一输入端；一第一电容，连接第一开关元件的控制端与整流滤波器的第一连接端；一第二电流控制器，连接第二电阻与第二开关元件的一控制端；一第二二极管，连接第二开关元件的一控制端与交流电源的第二输入端；以及一第二电容，连接第二开关元件的控制端与整流滤波器的第一连接端。In one embodiment of the present invention, the controller includes: a first current controller connected to the first resistor and a control terminal of the first switch element; a first diode connected to the control terminal of the first switch element and The first input terminal of the AC power supply; a first capacitor connected to the control terminal of the first switch element and the first connection terminal of the rectifier filter; a second current controller connected to the second resistor and a control terminal of the second switch element end; a second diode, connecting a control end of the second switching element and the second input end of the AC power supply; and a second capacitor, connecting the control end of the second switching element and the first connection end of the rectifier filter .
本发明还提出一种具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统，包括：一交流电源；一输入滤波电容；一整流滤波器，输入滤波电容与整流滤波器耦接交流电源的一第一输入端与一第二输入端；一输出电路，连接到整流滤波器的一第一连接端与一第二连接端；以及一低功耗泄放电路，包括：一第一开关元件，耦接交流电源的第一输入端与整流滤波器的第一连接端；一第二开关元件，耦接交流电源的第二输入端以及整流滤波器的第一连接端；及一控制器，当检测交流电源移除时，控制第一开关元件与第二开关元件至少一个为导通状态。The present invention also proposes an AC conversion system with a low power consumption discharge circuit, comprising: an AC power supply; an input filter capacitor; a rectifier filter, the input filter capacitor and the rectifier filter are coupled to a first input of the AC power supply end and a second input end; an output circuit, connected to a first connection end and a second connection end of the rectification filter; and a low power consumption discharge circuit, including: a first switching element, coupled to the AC The first input end of the power supply and the first connection end of the rectification filter; a second switch element, coupled to the second input end of the AC power supply and the first connection end of the rectification filter; and a controller, when detecting the AC power supply When removed, at least one of the first switch element and the second switch element is controlled to be in a conduction state.
本发明的一实施例中，整流滤波器包括：一滤波元件，耦接交流电源的第一输入端与第二输入端；以及一整流器，连接滤波元件、控制器及输出电路。In an embodiment of the present invention, the rectification filter includes: a filter element coupled to the first input end and the second input end of the AC power; and a rectifier connected to the filter element, the controller and the output circuit.
本发明的一实施例中，输出电路包括：一输出电容；以及一输出阻抗（impedance）与输出电容并联连接。In an embodiment of the present invention, the output circuit includes: an output capacitor; and an output impedance connected in parallel with the output capacitor.
本发明所提的低功耗泄放电路及具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统，可以大幅减少功耗的消耗。The low power consumption discharge circuit and the AC conversion system provided with the low power consumption discharge circuit in the present invention can greatly reduce the consumption of power consumption.
附图说明Description of drawings
为让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征、优点与实施例能更明显易懂，所附附图的说明如下：In order to make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more comprehensible, the accompanying drawings are described as follows:
图1为本发明具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统的一实施例；Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the AC conversion system with low power consumption discharge circuit of the present invention;
图2为根据图1具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统的一具体实施例；Fig. 2 is a specific embodiment of the AC conversion system with low power consumption discharge circuit according to Fig. 1;
图3为根据图1具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统的另一具体实施例；Fig. 3 is another specific embodiment of the AC conversion system having a low power consumption discharge circuit according to Fig. 1;
图4为本发明实施例的交流电源正常供电动作波形图；FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the normal power supply operation of the AC power supply according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例的电路图的交流电源供电切断时动作波形图；5 is an action waveform diagram when the AC power supply of the circuit diagram of the embodiment of the present invention is cut off;
图6为本发明具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统的另一具体实施例。FIG. 6 is another specific embodiment of the AC conversion system with a low-power bleeder circuit according to the present invention.
【主要元件附图标记说明】[Description of reference signs of main components]
10、10a、10b：交流转换系统 12：交流电源10, 10a, 10b: AC conversion system 12: AC power supply
13：整流滤波器 14：输出电路13: Rectification filter 14: Output circuit
15：低功耗泄放电路 CX：输入滤波电容15: Low power bleeder circuit CX: Input filter capacitor
VIN：输入端电压 L：第一输入端VIN: input terminal voltage L: first input terminal
N：第二输入端 16、16a、16b：控制器N: Second input 16, 16a, 16b: Controller
Q1：第一开关元件 Q2：第二开关元件Q1: First switching element Q2: Second switching element
R1：第一电阻 R2：第二电阻R1: first resistor R2: second resistor
A：第一检测端 B：第二检测端A: The first detection terminal B: The second detection terminal
21：EMI滤波元件 22：整流器21: EMI filter element 22: Rectifier
23：第一分压电路 24：第二分压电路23: The first voltage divider circuit 24: The second voltage divider circuit
Q3：第三开关元件 Q4：第四开关元件Q3: third switching element Q4: fourth switching element
C1，C2：电容 R3：第三电阻C1, C2: capacitor R3: third resistor
R4：第四电阻 M：第一连接端R4: the fourth resistor M: the first connection terminal
R5：第五电阻 R6：第六电阻R5: fifth resistor R6: sixth resistor
25、25a、25b：第一电流控制器25, 25a, 25b: first current controller
26、26a、26b：第二电流控制器26, 26a, 26b: second current controller
R7、R8：电阻 I1、I2：定电流源R7, R8: resistors I1, I2: constant current source
ZD1~ZD4：齐纳二极管 D1~D2：极管ZD1~ZD4: Zener diode D1~D2: Diode diode
41、42、51、52：时间区间41, 42, 51, 52: time interval
具体实施方式detailed description
以下将以附图及详细叙述清楚说明本发明内容的精神，任何本领域普通技术人员在了解本发明内容的较佳实施例后，应当能够由本发明内容所教示的技术，加以改变及修饰，其并不脱离本发明内容的保护范围。The following will clearly illustrate the spirit of the present invention with the accompanying drawings and detailed descriptions. After any person of ordinary skill in the art understands the preferred embodiments of the present invention, he should be able to change and modify the technology taught by the present invention. It does not depart from the scope of protection of the content of the present invention.
参考图1为本发明具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统的一实施例。其中交流转换系统10包括一交流电源12、输入滤波电容CX、整流滤波器13、输出电路14以及低功耗泄放电路15所构成。Referring to FIG. 1 , it is an embodiment of an AC conversion system with a low-power bleeder circuit of the present invention. The AC conversion system 10 includes an AC power source 12 , an input filter capacitor CX, a rectification filter 13 , an output circuit 14 and a low power consumption discharge circuit 15 .
其中，交流电源12提供一输入端电压VIN，例如是110伏特或220伏特的交流电，交流电源12具有第一输入端L与第二输入端N，连接到输入滤波电容CX与整流滤波器13上，输入端电压VIN经过整流滤波器13处理过后，送到输出电路14。Wherein, the AC power supply 12 provides an input terminal voltage VIN, such as 110 volts or 220 volts of alternating current, the AC power supply 12 has a first input terminal L and a second input terminal N, connected to the input filter capacitor CX and the rectifier filter 13 , the input terminal voltage VIN is sent to the output circuit 14 after being processed by the rectification filter 13 .
其中，低功耗泄放电路15包括第一开关元件Q1、第二开关元件Q2以及控制器16所构成，其中第一开关元件Q1的第一端耦接交流电源12的第一输入端L，在此实施例如可先通过第一电阻R1再连接到交流电源12的第一输入端L，第一开关元件Q1的第二端耦接整流滤波器13的一第一连接端M。第二开关元件Q2耦接交流电源12的第二输入端N，在此实施例如可先通过第二电阻R2再连接到交流电源12的第二输入端N，第二开关元件Q2的第二端耦接整流滤波器13的第一连接端M，在一实施例中，整流滤波器13的第一连接端M连接一接地电压。控制器16则用来检测交流电源12移除时，控制第一开关元件Q1与第二开关元件Q2至少一个为导通状态。Wherein, the low power consumption discharge circuit 15 includes a first switch element Q1, a second switch element Q2 and a controller 16, wherein the first end of the first switch element Q1 is coupled to the first input end L of the AC power source 12, In this embodiment, for example, it can be connected to the first input end L of the AC power source 12 through the first resistor R1 first, and the second end of the first switching element Q1 is coupled to a first connection end M of the rectification filter 13 . The second switch element Q2 is coupled to the second input end N of the AC power source 12. In this embodiment, for example, it can be connected to the second input end N of the AC power source 12 first through the second resistor R2. The second end of the second switch element Q2 It is coupled to the first connection terminal M of the rectification filter 13 , and in one embodiment, the first connection terminal M of the rectification filter 13 is connected to a ground voltage. The controller 16 is used to control at least one of the first switch element Q1 and the second switch element Q2 to be in a conduction state when the AC power source 12 is removed.
其中，控制器16连接到具有一第一检测端A与一第二检测端B，分别检测交流电源的第一输入端L与第二输入端N，以判断交流电源是否移除，在一实施例中，例如图1所示的以通过具有保护作用的第一电阻R1与第二电阻R2，与交流电源12的第一输入端L与第二输入端N连接。在另一个实施例中，第一检测端与一第二检测端亦可直接与交流电源12的第一输入端L与第二输入端N连接，来检测交流电源12的连接状态。Wherein, the controller 16 is connected to a first detection terminal A and a second detection terminal B, and respectively detects the first input terminal L and the second input terminal N of the AC power to determine whether the AC power is removed. In an implementation In an example, as shown in FIG. 1 , it is connected to the first input terminal L and the second input terminal N of the AC power source 12 through the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 having protective functions. In another embodiment, the first detection terminal and a second detection terminal may also be directly connected to the first input terminal L and the second input terminal N of the AC power source 12 to detect the connection state of the AC power source 12 .
当交流电源12正常连接供电时，控制器16以信号控制第一开关元件Q1与第二开关元件Q2的控制端，例如使得第一开关元件Q1与第二开关元件Q2位于截止状态，如此就可避免公知电阻器随电源电压高低产生耗损功率情形。而当交流电源12移除不连接供电时，控制器16根据检测第一输入端L与第二输入端N，确认交流电源12移除后，控制器16控制第一开关元件Q1与第二开关元件Q2至少一个处于导通状态，使得如输入滤波电容CX储存能量分别通过保护的第一电阻R1或第二电阻R2、低功耗泄放电路15以及整流滤波器13快速于予泄放，达到符合安全电压规范的需求。When the AC power supply 12 is normally connected to supply power, the controller 16 controls the control terminals of the first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 with signals, for example, making the first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 in the cut-off state, so that Avoid the power loss situation of the known resistors with the power supply voltage. And when the AC power supply 12 is removed and the power supply is not connected, the controller 16 detects the first input terminal L and the second input terminal N, and after confirming that the AC power supply 12 is removed, the controller 16 controls the first switch element Q1 and the second switch At least one of the components Q2 is in the conduction state, so that if the energy stored in the input filter capacitor CX passes through the first resistor R1 or the second resistor R2 of protection, the low power consumption discharge circuit 15 and the rectification filter 13, it is quickly discharged in advance to achieve Meet the requirements of safety voltage regulations.
参考图2为根据图1具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统的一具体实施例。其中与图1相同部分不再重复说明，整流滤波器13例如包括一EMI滤波元件21与整流器22。EMI滤波元件21耦接交流电源12的第一输入端L与第二输入端N。整流器22例如由四个二极管所构成桥式整流器并具有四个连接端，其中两个连接端连接到EMI滤波元件21，另外两个连接端则分别连接到控制器16及输出电路14。在一实施例中，输出电路14包括一输出电容C0与输出阻抗Z0，其中输出电容C0与输出阻抗Z0例如以并联方式连接。Referring to FIG. 2 , it is a specific embodiment of the AC conversion system with the low-power bleeder circuit according to FIG. 1 . The same parts as those in FIG. 1 will not be described repeatedly, and the rectification filter 13 includes an EMI filter element 21 and a rectifier 22 , for example. The EMI filter element 21 is coupled to the first input terminal L and the second input terminal N of the AC power source 12 . The rectifier 22 is, for example, a bridge rectifier composed of four diodes and has four connection terminals, two of which are connected to the EMI filter element 21 , and the other two are respectively connected to the controller 16 and the output circuit 14 . In one embodiment, the output circuit 14 includes an output capacitor C0 and an output impedance Z0 , wherein the output capacitor C0 and the output impedance Z0 are connected in parallel, for example.
此外，控制器16包括第一分压电路23、第二分压电路24、第三开关元件Q3、第四开关元件Q4、电容C1、第一电流控制器25以及第二电流控制器26所构成。其中，第一分压电路23包括一第三电阻R3与一第四电阻R4串联构成，并连接在第二电阻R2与整流滤波器13的第一连接端M之间。第二分压电路24包括一第五电阻R5与一第六电阻R6构成，并连接在第一电阻R1与整流滤波器13的第一连接端M之间。In addition, the controller 16 includes a first voltage divider circuit 23, a second voltage divider circuit 24, a third switch element Q3, a fourth switch element Q4, a capacitor C1, a first current controller 25, and a second current controller 26. . Wherein, the first voltage dividing circuit 23 includes a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4 connected in series, and is connected between the second resistor R2 and the first connection terminal M of the rectification filter 13 . The second voltage dividing circuit 24 includes a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6 , and is connected between the first resistor R1 and the first connection terminal M of the rectification filter 13 .
第三开关元件Q3具有一第一端耦接第一开关元件Q1的一控制端，第二端耦接整流滤波器13的第一连接端M，以及控制端耦接第一分压电路23的第三电阻R3与第四电阻R4之间。第四开关元件Q4具有一第一端耦接第二开关元件Q2的一控制端，一第二端耦接整流滤波器13的第一连接端M，以及一控制端耦接第二分压电路24的第五电阻R5与第六电阻R6之间。The third switch element Q3 has a first end coupled to a control end of the first switch element Q1, a second end coupled to the first connection end M of the rectifier filter 13, and a control end coupled to the first voltage divider circuit 23. Between the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4. The fourth switch element Q4 has a first end coupled to a control end of the second switch element Q2, a second end coupled to the first connection end M of the rectifier filter 13, and a control end coupled to the second voltage divider circuit 24 between the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6.
在一实施例中，电容C1两端分别连接到第三开关元件Q3的第一端与第四开关元件Q4的第一端。在一实施例中，第一电流控制器25，例如在此以一电阻R7表示，连接在第一电阻R1与第一开关元件Q1的控制端。第二电流控制器26，例如在此以一电阻R8表示，连接第二电阻R2与第二开关元件Q2的控制端。In one embodiment, both ends of the capacitor C1 are respectively connected to the first end of the third switching element Q3 and the first end of the fourth switching element Q4. In one embodiment, the first current controller 25 , for example represented by a resistor R7 , is connected between the first resistor R1 and the control terminal of the first switch element Q1 . The second current controller 26, for example represented by a resistor R8 here, is connected to the second resistor R2 and the control terminal of the second switching element Q2.
参考图3为根据图1具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统的另一具体实施例。其中与图2相同部分不再重复说明，其中图3与图2中的控制器16a、16的差异在于：第一电流控制器25a，在此以定电流源I1取代图2中的电阻R7。第二电流控制器26a，在此以定电流源I2取代图2中的电阻R8。此外，在第一开关元件Q1、该第二开关元件Q2、第三开关元件Q3以及第四开关元件Q4的四个控制端，分别增加对应连接第一齐纳二极管ZD1、一第二齐纳二极管ZD2、一第三齐纳二极管ZD3以及一第四齐纳二极管ZD4作为防止过电压发生的保护元件。Referring to FIG. 3 is another specific embodiment of the AC conversion system with the low-power bleeder circuit according to FIG. 1 . The same parts as in FIG. 2 will not be described repeatedly. The difference between the controllers 16a, 16 in FIG. 3 and FIG. 2 lies in: the first current controller 25a, here the resistor R7 in FIG. The second current controller 26a uses a constant current source I2 to replace the resistor R8 in FIG. 2 . In addition, at the four control terminals of the first switch element Q1, the second switch element Q2, the third switch element Q3, and the fourth switch element Q4, a first zener diode ZD1 and a second zener diode are respectively connected correspondingly. ZD2 , a third Zener diode ZD3 and a fourth Zener diode ZD4 serve as protection elements against overvoltage.
另外，增加一第一二极管D1连接于第三开关元件Q3的第一端与第一开关元件Q1的控制端。以及一第二二极管D2连接于第四开关元件Q4的第一端与第二开关元件Q2的控制端，上述两个二极管D1、D2用以控制提高栅极动作电压。In addition, a first diode D1 is added to be connected to the first end of the third switching element Q3 and the control end of the first switching element Q1. And a second diode D2 is connected to the first end of the fourth switching element Q4 and the control end of the second switching element Q2, and the above two diodes D1 and D2 are used to control and increase the operating voltage of the gate.
接着，请参考图4为本发明实施例的交流电源正常供电动作波形图。请同时参考图4与图2，当交流电源12正常连接供电时，若交流脉波相位位于第一输入端L为正而第二输入端N为负时（例如图4上面图中正弦波时间区间41内），第四开关元件Q4的控制端的栅极电压VGS-Q4（参考图4下面图形的Q4），经由电阻R1、R5与R6分压得高电位脉波，使得第四开关元件Q4为导通状态，并将电容C1储存电荷释放以及保持第二开关元件Q2的控制端的栅极电压VGS-Q2处于截止状态的低电位（参考图4中间图形的Q2）。Next, please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a waveform diagram of the normal power supply operation of the AC power supply according to the embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 2 at the same time, when the AC power supply 12 is normally connected to supply power, if the phase of the AC pulse wave is positive at the first input terminal L and negative at the second input terminal N (for example, the sine wave time in the upper figure of Figure 4 interval 41), the gate voltage VGS-Q4 of the control terminal of the fourth switching element Q4 (refer to Q4 in the lower graph of Figure 4), is divided into high potential pulses by resistors R1, R5 and R6, so that the fourth switching element Q4 It is in the on state, releases the charge stored in the capacitor C1 and keeps the gate voltage VGS-Q2 of the control terminal of the second switching element Q2 at the low potential of the off state (refer to Q2 in the middle graph of FIG. 4 ).
另一方面，第一开关元件Q1的控制端的栅极电压VGS-Q1逐渐由电阻R1、R7向电容C1充电而上升，由于电阻R1、R7设计为高阻值与电容C1构成高时间常数充电，因此在交流脉波相位交替变换下，第一开关元件Q1的控制端的栅极电压VGS-Q1不会上升到导通电位（图4中间图的Q2），第一输入端L电压随正弦波变化充电至高点后随即随正弦波下降而停止电容C1充电。On the other hand, the gate voltage VGS-Q1 of the control terminal of the first switching element Q1 gradually rises by charging the capacitor C1 from the resistors R1 and R7. Since the resistors R1 and R7 are designed to have a high resistance value and the capacitor C1 forms a high time constant charge, Therefore, under the alternating phase of the AC pulse wave, the gate voltage VGS-Q1 of the control terminal of the first switching element Q1 will not rise to the conduction potential (Q2 in the middle figure of Figure 4), and the voltage of the first input terminal L changes with the sine wave After charging to a high point, the capacitor C1 stops charging as the sine wave drops.
当交流电源12正常连接供电且交流脉波相位反相位，即于第一输入端L为负而第二输入端N为正时（例如图4上面图中正弦波时间区间42内），第三开关元件Q3的控制端的栅极电压VGS-Q3（参考图4下面图形的Q3）经由电阻R2、R3与R4分压得高电位脉波使得第三开关元件Q3导通，并将电容C1储存电荷释放以及保持第一开关元件Q1栅极电压处于截止状态的低电位（参考图4中间图形的Q1）。When the AC power supply 12 is normally connected to the power supply and the phase of the AC pulse wave is reversed, that is, when the first input terminal L is negative and the second input terminal N is positive (for example, in the sine wave time interval 42 in the upper figure of FIG. 4 ), the second The gate voltage VGS-Q3 of the control terminal of the three switching elements Q3 (refer to Q3 in the figure below in Figure 4) is divided by resistors R2, R3 and R4 to form a high-potential pulse to turn on the third switching element Q3 and store the capacitor C1 The charge is released and the gate voltage of the first switching element Q1 is kept at a low potential in an off state (refer to Q1 in the middle graph of FIG. 4 ).
另一方面，第二开关元件Q2的控制端的栅极电压VGS-Q2逐渐由电阻R2、R8向电容C1充电而上升，由于电阻R2、R4设计为高阻值与电容C1亦构成高时间常数充电，因此在交流脉波相位交替变换下，第二开关元件Q2的控制端的栅极电压VGS-Q2不会上升到导通电位。On the other hand, the gate voltage VGS-Q2 of the control terminal of the second switching element Q2 gradually rises by charging the capacitor C1 from the resistors R2 and R8. Since the resistors R2 and R4 are designed to have high resistance and the capacitor C1 also forms a high time constant charging , therefore, the gate voltage VGS-Q2 at the control terminal of the second switching element Q2 will not rise to the conduction potential under the alternating phase of the AC pulse wave.
由图4中我们可以看出波形图中第三及第四开关元件Q3、Q4栅极高电压信号（VGS_Q3，VGS_Q4）分别重置第一及第二开关元件Q1、Q2的栅极电压信号（VGS_Q1，VGS_Q2），于交流电源12正常供电时，第一及第二开关元件Q1、Q2栅极电压（VGS_Q1，VGS_Q2）处于低电压准位，因此第一及第二开关元件Q1、Q2不导通状态，加上提供开关元件Q3、Q4使用高电阻控制，因此只要极低功耗就可达到，不会有公知电阻器功率过度耗损问题。From Figure 4, we can see that the gate high voltage signals (VGS_Q3, VGS_Q4) of the third and fourth switching elements Q3 and Q4 in the waveform diagram respectively reset the gate voltage signals of the first and second switching elements Q1 and Q2 ( VGS_Q1, VGS_Q2), when the AC power supply 12 is normally powered, the gate voltages (VGS_Q1, VGS_Q2) of the first and second switching elements Q1, Q2 are at a low voltage level, so the first and second switching elements Q1, Q2 do not conduct In addition, the switching elements Q3 and Q4 are controlled by high resistance, so as long as the power consumption is very low, there will be no problem of excessive power consumption of the known resistors.
接着，参考图5为本发明实施例的本发明实施例电路图的交流电源供电切断时动作波形图。请同时参考图5与图2，其中图5最前面时间区间51内为正常交流电源供应，此部分与图4运作相同，在此不再重复说明，当交流电源被移除进入到图5中的时间区间52，若第一输入端L为正而第二输入端N为负时，输入端电压VIN不再随正弦波变化，而由输入滤波电容CX取代供应，则电容C1会充电上升至更高电位使第一开关元件Q1控制端的栅极电压VGS_Q1达到导通电压准位，此时输入滤波电容CX储存的电能经由电阻R1、第一开关元件Q1以及桥式整流器22回到第二输入端N点完成一个第一回路，将输入滤波电容CX电能释放至低电压。Next, referring to FIG. 5 , it is an action waveform diagram of the circuit diagram of the embodiment of the present invention when the AC power supply is cut off. Please refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 2 at the same time. The first time interval 51 in FIG. 5 is the normal AC power supply. This part operates the same as in FIG. In the time interval 52, if the first input terminal L is positive and the second input terminal N is negative, the input terminal voltage VIN no longer changes with the sine wave, but is replaced by the input filter capacitor CX, and the capacitor C1 will charge up to The higher potential makes the gate voltage VGS_Q1 of the control terminal of the first switching element Q1 reach the turn-on voltage level, at this time, the electric energy stored in the input filter capacitor CX returns to the second input through the resistor R1, the first switching element Q1 and the bridge rectifier 22 The terminal N completes a first loop, releasing the electric energy of the input filter capacitor CX to a low voltage.
此外，第一开关元件Q1的栅极电压（VGS_Q1）上升至高准位导致于第一开关元件Q1导通，使得输入端电压VIN因第一开关元件Q1导通产生泄放路径而逐渐下降，达到安全规范的要求。由于电阻器R1、第一开关元件Q1以及桥式整流器22回到第二输入端N点所形成第一回路只有一二极管的压差（0.7V），且第一输入端L为正与第二输入端N点电压差远大于二极管的压差（0.7V），因此电流会循着此第一回路进行，因此第二开关元件Q2不论控制在导通或截止，并无实际作用。In addition, the gate voltage (VGS_Q1) of the first switching element Q1 rises to a high level and the first switching element Q1 is turned on, so that the input terminal voltage VIN gradually decreases due to the discharge path generated by the turning on of the first switching element Q1, reaching requirements of safety regulations. Since the resistor R1, the first switching element Q1 and the bridge rectifier 22 return to the second input terminal N, the first loop has only a diode voltage difference (0.7V), and the first input terminal L is positive and the second input terminal L is positive. The voltage difference at point N at the input terminal is much greater than the voltage difference (0.7V) of the diode, so the current will follow the first loop, so whether the second switching element Q2 is controlled to be on or off, it has no practical effect.
反之若在第一输入端L为负而第二输入端N为正时，交流电源12被移除时，电容C1会充电上升至更高电位使第二开关元件Q2栅极电压达到导通电压准位，此时输入滤波电容CX储存的电能经由电阻R2、第二开关元件Q2以及桥式整流器22回到第一输入端L点，将输入滤波电容CX电能释放至低电压。Conversely, if the first input terminal L is negative and the second input terminal N is positive, when the AC power supply 12 is removed, the capacitor C1 will charge up to a higher potential so that the gate voltage of the second switching element Q2 reaches the turn-on voltage At this time, the electric energy stored in the input filter capacitor CX returns to the first input terminal L point through the resistor R2, the second switch element Q2 and the bridge rectifier 22, and releases the electric energy of the input filter capacitor CX to a low voltage.
此外，第二开关元件Q2的栅极电压（VGS_Q2）上升至高准位导致于第二开关元件Q2导通，使得输入端电压VIN因第二开关元件Q2导通产生泄放路径而逐渐下降，达到安全规范的要求。由于电阻器R2、第二开关元件Q2以及桥式整流器22回到第一输入端L点所形成第二回路只有一二极管的压差（0.7V），且第二输入端N为正与第二输入端N点电压差远大于二极管的压差（0.7V），因此电流会循着此第二回路进行，因此第一开关元件Q1不论控制在导通或截止，并无实际作用。In addition, the gate voltage (VGS_Q2 ) of the second switch element Q2 rises to a high level and the second switch element Q2 is turned on, so that the input terminal voltage VIN gradually decreases due to the discharge path generated by the turn-on of the second switch element Q2 , reaching requirements of safety regulations. Since the resistor R2, the second switch element Q2 and the bridge rectifier 22 return to the first input terminal L, the second loop has only a diode voltage difference (0.7V), and the second input terminal N is positive and the second The voltage difference at point N at the input terminal is much greater than the voltage difference (0.7V) of the diode, so the current will follow the second loop, so whether the first switching element Q1 is turned on or off, it has no practical effect.
此时，若如图3在第一、第二、第三及第四开关元件（Q1~Q4）栅极端放置齐纳二极管（ZD1~ZD4）就有防止过电压发生来保护第一、第二、第三及第四开关元件（Q1~Q4），而提高栅极动作电压用二极管D1、D2也可视实际应用斟酌加入，并根据实际状况增加串接的个数。At this time, if Zener diodes (ZD1~ZD4) are placed on the gate terminals of the first, second, third and fourth switching elements (Q1~Q4) as shown in Figure 3, it will prevent overvoltage from occurring to protect the first and second switching elements. , the third and fourth switching elements (Q1~Q4), and the diodes D1 and D2 for increasing the gate operating voltage can also be added according to the actual application, and the number of series connection can be increased according to the actual situation.
参考图6，为本发明的具有低功耗泄放电路的交流转换系统的另一实施例电路图，其中与图3相同部分作用相同不再重复叙述。低功耗泄放电路包括第一开关元件Q1、第二开关元件Q2以及控制器16b，而图6与图3中的控制器16b、16a的差异在于：控制器16b包括：一第一电流控制器25b（在此以电阻R3代表，亦可变更为一定电流源I1）、第一二极管D1、第一电容C1、一第二电流控制器26b（在此以电阻R4代表，亦可变更为一定电流源I2）、第二二极管D2以及第二电容C2所构成。Referring to FIG. 6 , it is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of an AC conversion system with a low-power bleeder circuit of the present invention, wherein the same parts as those in FIG. 3 have the same function and will not be described again. The low power consumption discharge circuit includes a first switching element Q1, a second switching element Q2 and a controller 16b, and the difference between the controllers 16b and 16a in FIG. 6 and FIG. 3 is that the controller 16b includes: a first current control device 25b (represented by resistor R3 here, which can also be changed to a constant current source I1), a first diode D1, a first capacitor C1, and a second current controller 26b (represented by resistor R4 here, which can also be changed to It is composed of a constant current source I2), a second diode D2 and a second capacitor C2.
其中，电阻R3连接第一电阻R1与第一开关元件Q1的一控制端。第一二极管D1连接于第一开关元件Q1的控制端与交流电源的该第一输入端L。第一电容C1连接第一开关元件Q1的控制端与整流滤波器13的第一连接端M。电阻R4连接第二电阻R2与第二开关元件Q2的一控制端。第二二极管D2连接第二开关元件Q2的一控制端与交流电源12的第二输入端N。第二电容C2连接第二开关元件Q2的控制端与整流滤波器13的第一连接端M。Wherein, the resistor R3 is connected to the first resistor R1 and a control terminal of the first switch element Q1. The first diode D1 is connected to the control terminal of the first switching element Q1 and the first input terminal L of the AC power supply. The first capacitor C1 is connected to the control terminal of the first switch element Q1 and the first connection terminal M of the rectification filter 13 . The resistor R4 is connected to the second resistor R2 and a control terminal of the second switch element Q2. The second diode D2 is connected to a control terminal of the second switching element Q2 and the second input terminal N of the AC power source 12 . The second capacitor C2 is connected to the control terminal of the second switching element Q2 and the first connection terminal M of the rectification filter 13 .
在此，我们利用两个二极管D1，D2取代图3的重置开关Q3、Q4，来重置泄放电路中的第一及第二电容C1与C2。当交流电源12正常连接供电时，若交流脉波相位位于L为正且N为负，第一开关元件Q1栅极电压经由电阻R1、R3充电至第一电容C1，由于电阻R1、R3设计为高阻值与第一电容C1构成高时间常数充电，加上交流脉波相位交替变换，第一开关元件Q1栅极电压不会上升到导通电位，因此输入端电压VIN随正弦波变化充电至高点后随即随正弦波下降而停止第一电容C1充电，而随正弦波转为负相时，经由二极管D1将第一电容C1重置。Here, we use two diodes D1 and D2 to replace the reset switches Q3 and Q4 in FIG. 3 to reset the first and second capacitors C1 and C2 in the bleeder circuit. When the AC power supply 12 is normally connected to supply power, if the phase of the AC pulse wave is at the point where L is positive and N is negative, the gate voltage of the first switching element Q1 is charged to the first capacitor C1 through the resistors R1 and R3. Since the resistors R1 and R3 are designed as The high resistance value and the first capacitor C1 form a high time constant charging, coupled with the alternating phase of the AC pulse wave, the gate voltage of the first switching element Q1 will not rise to the conduction potential, so the input terminal voltage VIN is charged to a high level with the change of the sine wave Immediately after the point, the charging of the first capacitor C1 is stopped as the sine wave drops, and when the sine wave turns negative, the first capacitor C1 is reset through the diode D1.
若发生交流电源12被移除，输入端电压不再随正弦波变化，则第一电容C1会充电上升至更高电位，使第一开关元件Q1栅极电压达到导通电压准位，此时输入滤波电容CX储存的电能经由电阻R1、第一开关元件Q1以及桥式整流器22回到第二输入端N点，将输入滤波电容CX电能释放至低电压。If the AC power source 12 is removed and the voltage at the input terminal no longer changes with the sine wave, the first capacitor C1 will charge up to a higher potential, so that the gate voltage of the first switching element Q1 reaches the turn-on voltage level, at this time The electric energy stored in the input filter capacitor CX returns to the second input terminal N through the resistor R1 , the first switching element Q1 and the bridge rectifier 22 , and releases the electric energy of the input filter capacitor CX to a low voltage.
另外，当交流电源12正常连接供电且交流脉波相位反相位L为负且N为正，第二开关元件Q2栅极电压经由电阻R2、R4充电至第二电容C2，由于电阻R2、R4高阻值与电容第二C2亦构成高时间常数充电，因此交流脉波相位交替变换，第二开关元件Q2栅极电压不会上升到导通电位，因输入端电压随正弦波变化充电至高点后随即随正弦波下降而停止第二电容C2充电，而随正弦波转为负相时，经由二极管D2将第二电容C2重置。In addition, when the AC power supply 12 is normally connected to supply power and the AC pulse wave phase inversion phase L is negative and N is positive, the gate voltage of the second switching element Q2 is charged to the second capacitor C2 through the resistors R2 and R4, because the resistors R2 and R4 The high resistance value and the second capacitor C2 also form a high time constant charging, so the AC pulse phase changes alternately, and the gate voltage of the second switching element Q2 will not rise to the conduction potential, because the input terminal voltage changes with the sine wave and charges to a high point Then, the charging of the second capacitor C2 is stopped as the sine wave drops, and the second capacitor C2 is reset through the diode D2 when the sine wave turns negative.
当发生交流电源12被移除且第二电容C2充电上升使第二开关元件Q2栅极电压达到导通电压准位，此时输入滤波电容CX储存的电能经由电阻R2、第二开关元件Q2以及桥式整流器回到第一输入端L点，将输入滤波电容CX电能释放至低电压。When the AC power source 12 is removed and the charging of the second capacitor C2 increases so that the gate voltage of the second switching element Q2 reaches the turn-on voltage level, the electric energy stored in the input filter capacitor CX passes through the resistor R2, the second switching element Q2 and The bridge rectifier returns to the point L of the first input terminal, and releases the electric energy of the input filter capacitor CX to a low voltage.
各开关元件（Q1，Q2）的栅极端皆可放置齐纳二极管（ZD1、ZD2）作为防止过电压发生的保护元件。Zener diodes (ZD1, ZD2) can be placed on the gate terminals of each switching element (Q1, Q2) as protection elements against overvoltage.
本发明的低功耗泄放电路或交流转换系统，以控制器控制第一开关元件与第二开关元件导通或截止状态，不但可以避免过高的功率耗损，而且符合安全电压规范要求，具有低功耗效果。The low power consumption discharge circuit or the AC conversion system of the present invention uses the controller to control the conduction or cut-off state of the first switch element and the second switch element, which can not only avoid excessive power consumption, but also meet the requirements of safety voltage specifications, and has the advantages of Low power consumption effect.
虽然本发明已公开如上所述的实施例，然而其并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，应当能够作各种修改与润饰，因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求书为准。Although the present invention has disclosed the above-mentioned embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art should be able to make various modifications and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, this The scope of protection of an invention shall be determined by the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210550426.5ACN103872887B (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2012-12-17 | Low-power bleeder circuit and AC conversion system with low-power bleeder circuit |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210550426.5ACN103872887B (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2012-12-17 | Low-power bleeder circuit and AC conversion system with low-power bleeder circuit |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103872887A CN103872887A (en) | 2014-06-18 |
| CN103872887Btrue CN103872887B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210550426.5AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103872887B (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2012-12-17 | Low-power bleeder circuit and AC conversion system with low-power bleeder circuit |
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