CN103868683A - Motorized spindle rigidity test device - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种电主轴刚度测试装置，包括电磁加载装置和电路控制模块，电磁加载装置包括与电主轴同轴固定连接的导磁环和套设于导磁环外的励磁装置，电路控制模块用于控制励磁装置中的电路，本发明的电主轴刚度测试装置，能够实现对高速电主轴动态加载，相对于静态实验和空载试验，本发明的电主轴刚度测试装置能够更加准确的模拟电主轴的实际工作状态，为电主轴的设计及优化提出建设性意见，同时装置零件易于系列化和标准化的设计制造、装置结构简单紧凑，易于装配和维护。

The invention discloses a testing device for the stiffness of an electric spindle, which comprises an electromagnetic loading device and a circuit control module. The module is used to control the circuit in the excitation device. The electric spindle stiffness test device of the present invention can realize dynamic loading on the high-speed electric spindle. Compared with static experiments and no-load tests, the electric spindle stiffness test device of the present invention can more accurately simulate The actual working status of the electric spindle provides constructive suggestions for the design and optimization of the electric spindle. At the same time, the device parts are easy to serialize and standardize the design and manufacture, the device structure is simple and compact, and it is easy to assemble and maintain.

Description

Translated fromChinese

电主轴刚度测试装置Electric spindle stiffness test device

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种测试装置，具体是一种电主轴刚度测试装置。The invention relates to a test device, in particular to a test device for the stiffness of an electric spindle.

背景技术Background technique

高速电主轴作为高速加工机床中的核心部件，其动态性能一直是设计人员关心的重点，直接影响到机床的加工精度和生产效率。但由于高速电主轴结构特点，对其进行在线测试一直都是难点，目前对电主轴的动态性能的研究主要以建仿真、有限元分析为主，动态测试方法也多集中于空载运行试验。工程上常用锤击法、转矩转速仪法、利用切削力作为负载和利用传动方式减速后进行加载。但是这些加载方式均为接触式加载，不稳定，而且常常需要复杂的辅助器械，成本高，机器磨损严重，另一方面，研究被测高速电主轴，需要一种可以模拟被测高速电主轴真实工作状况的动态加载装置，在此基础上对电主轴进行测试、试验。国内有一些功能简单的被测高速电主轴试验台，这种试验台只能对电主轴进行空载情况下的试验，或者是使用液压系统或电机对电主轴进行静态加载，模拟电主轴的受力状况，但即便是这样，与被测高速电主轴的真实受力情况也有很大差距。真实工况下，刀具受到的动态切削力间接作用在电主轴上，切削力还有一定频率，同时主轴还受扭矩作用，这对被测高速电主轴的性能和可靠性有很大影响，而现有的加载装置都不能模拟动态高频切削力对电主轴的影响。因此，急需发明一种新型的高速电主轴动态加载装置，模拟主轴真实工况下的受力，以满足主轴性能及可靠性的研究。As the core component of high-speed machining machine tools, high-speed electric spindles have always been the focus of designers' attention on their dynamic performance, which directly affects the machining accuracy and production efficiency of machine tools. However, due to the structural characteristics of the high-speed electric spindle, it has always been difficult to test it online. At present, the research on the dynamic performance of the electric spindle is mainly based on simulation and finite element analysis, and the dynamic test methods are mostly concentrated on the no-load operation test. In engineering, the hammering method, the torque tachometer method, the use of cutting force as the load and the use of transmission mode to decelerate the load are used. However, these loading methods are all contact loading, unstable, and often require complex auxiliary equipment, high cost, and serious machine wear. On the other hand, to study the high-speed electric spindle under test, a real The dynamic loading device of the working condition, on this basis, the electric spindle is tested and tested. There are some high-speed motorized spindle test benches with simple functions in China. This kind of test bench can only test the motorized spindle under no-load conditions, or use hydraulic system or motor to statically load the motorized spindle to simulate the impact of the motorized spindle. force conditions, but even so, there is a big gap with the real force conditions of the tested high-speed electric spindle. Under real working conditions, the dynamic cutting force on the tool acts indirectly on the electric spindle, and the cutting force still has a certain frequency. At the same time, the spindle is also subjected to torque, which has a great impact on the performance and reliability of the high-speed electric spindle under test. None of the existing loading devices can simulate the influence of dynamic high-frequency cutting force on the electric spindle. Therefore, it is urgent to invent a new type of high-speed electric spindle dynamic loading device to simulate the force of the spindle under real working conditions to meet the research on the performance and reliability of the spindle.

因此，为解决以上问题，需要提出了能够更加准确的模拟电主轴的实际工作状态的电主轴刚度测试装置。Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to propose an electric spindle stiffness testing device capable of more accurately simulating the actual working state of the electric spindle.

发明内容Contents of the invention

有鉴于此，本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的缺陷，提供一种能够更加准确的模拟电主轴的实际工作状态的电主轴刚度测试装置。本发明的电主轴刚度测试装置包括电磁加载装置和电路控制模块，电磁加载装置包括与电主轴同轴固定连接的导磁环和套设于导磁环外的励磁装置，电路控制模块用于控制励磁装置中的电路；In view of this, the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide an electric spindle stiffness testing device capable of more accurately simulating the actual working state of the electric spindle. The electric spindle stiffness testing device of the present invention includes an electromagnetic loading device and a circuit control module. The electromagnetic loading device includes a magnetic conduction ring coaxially fixedly connected with the electric spindle and an excitation device sleeved outside the magnetic conduction ring. The circuit control module is used to control circuits in the exciter;

进一步，所述励磁装置包括铁心和缠绕于铁芯的用于沿导磁环径向为其提供磁通的线圈，铁心包括与导磁环同轴设置的外圈和固定连接于外圈内壁与外圈一体成型的铁齿对，铁齿对包括两个沿铁心径向设置的铁齿，线圈依次缠绕于两铁齿上且两铁齿上线圈的电路流向相反；Further, the excitation device includes an iron core and a coil wound on the iron core for providing magnetic flux to it along the radial direction of the magnetic conduction ring. The iron core includes an outer ring coaxially arranged with the magnetic conduction ring and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer ring and the A pair of iron teeth integrally formed on the outer ring. The pair of iron teeth includes two iron teeth arranged radially along the iron core. The coil is wound on the two iron teeth in turn and the circuit flow direction of the coil on the two iron teeth is opposite;

进一步，所述铁齿对沿铁心周向均匀设置多对；Further, multiple pairs of iron teeth are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the iron core;

进一步，所述电路控制模块包括计算机、数模转换器、电源和功率放大器，计算机信号输出端通过数模转换器与功率放大器信号输入端连接，功率放大器输出端电连接于所述线圈，电源电连接于功率放大器并为功率放大器供电；Further, the circuit control module includes a computer, a digital-to-analog converter, a power supply and a power amplifier, the computer signal output terminal is connected to the power amplifier signal input terminal through the digital-to-analog converter, the power amplifier output terminal is electrically connected to the coil, and the power supply circuit Connect to and supply power to the power amplifier;

进一步，所述铁齿对沿铁心周向均匀设有4对，功率放大器相应的设置4个输出端；Further, there are 4 pairs of iron teeth evenly arranged along the circumference of the iron core, and the power amplifier is correspondingly provided with 4 output terminals;

进一步，所述励磁装置还包括与铁心下侧固定连接的调节机构；Further, the excitation device also includes an adjustment mechanism fixedly connected to the lower side of the iron core;

进一步，所述调节机构包括基座和调节平台，调节平台上端通过支架与铁心外圈固定连接，调节平台下端通过丝杆传动机构与基座滑动连接，丝杆传动机构包括与基座固定连接的丝杆和设于调节平台上与丝杆相配合的螺纹孔；Further, the adjustment mechanism includes a base and an adjustment platform. The upper end of the adjustment platform is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the iron core through a bracket, and the lower end of the adjustment platform is slidingly connected to the base through a screw drive mechanism. The screw drive mechanism includes a fixed connection with the base. The screw rod and the screw hole matched with the screw rod are arranged on the adjustment platform;

进一步，所述丝杠传动机构为利用两个十字交叉的丝杠控制滑台移动的十字滑台结构；两个丝杠分别沿铁心轴向和水平径向设置且两丝杠一端设有调节旋钮；Further, the screw drive mechanism is a cross slide structure that uses two cross lead screws to control the movement of the slide table; the two lead screws are respectively arranged along the axial direction of the iron core and the horizontal radial direction, and one end of the two lead screws is provided with an adjustment knob ;

进一步，所述铁心由工业纯铁制作而成。Further, the iron core is made of industrial pure iron.

本发明的有益效果是：本发明的电主轴刚度测试装置，能够实现对高速电主轴动态加载，相对于静态实验和空载试验，本发明的电主轴刚度测试装置能够更加准确的模拟电主轴的实际工作状态，为电主轴的设计及优化提出建设性意见，同时装置零件易于系列化和标准化的设计制造、装置结构简单紧凑，易于装配和维护。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the electric spindle stiffness test device of the present invention can realize dynamic loading on the high-speed electric spindle, and compared with static experiments and no-load tests, the electric spindle stiffness test device of the present invention can more accurately simulate the electric spindle The actual working conditions provide constructive suggestions for the design and optimization of the electric spindle. At the same time, the device parts are easy to serialize and standardize the design and manufacture, the device structure is simple and compact, and it is easy to assemble and maintain.

附图说明Description of drawings

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:

图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

图2为图1的右视图；Fig. 2 is the right view of Fig. 1;

图3为电路控制模块的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the circuit control module.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

图1为本发明的结构示意图，图2为图1的右视图，图3为电路控制模块的结构示意图。如图所示，本实施例中的电主轴3刚度测试装置，包括电磁加载装置和电路控制模块，电磁加载装置包括与电主轴3同轴固定连接的导磁环6和套设于导磁环6外的励磁装置，电路控制模块用于控制励磁装置中的电路。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a right view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit control module. As shown in the figure, theelectric spindle 3 stiffness testing device in this embodiment includes an electromagnetic loading device and a circuit control module. The electromagnetic loading device includes a magneticallyconductive ring 6 coaxially fixedly connected with theelectric spindle 3 and a magneticallyconductive ring 6 sleeved on the magnetically conductive ring. 6 Outside the excitation device, the circuit control module is used to control the circuit in the excitation device.

本实施例中，所述励磁装置包括铁心4和缠绕于铁芯的用于沿导磁环6径向为其提供磁通的线圈5，铁心4包括与导磁环6同轴设置的外圈9和固定连接于外圈9内壁与外圈9一体成型的铁齿对10，铁齿对10包括两个沿铁心4径向设置的铁齿，线圈5依次缠绕于两铁齿上且两铁齿上线圈5的电路流向相反，铁心4由软磁材料制成，在铁齿处，顺时针绕上预订数目的线圈5，并将两个铁齿上的线圈5按照规定方式连接起来，使其电流方向相反，每一对齿上的两个线圈5只剩下一个输入端和一个输出端。将导磁环6放进铁心4中部，铁心4与导磁环6之间留有预定间隙，线圈5通电时，铁心4、导磁环6和预留间隙形成闭合磁路，产生电磁力，从而实现对电主轴3的动态加载。In this embodiment, the excitation device includes aniron core 4 and acoil 5 wound around the iron core for providing magnetic flux to themagnetic flux ring 6 in the radial direction, and theiron core 4 includes an outer ring coaxially arranged with themagnetic ring 6 9 and theiron tooth pair 10 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer ring 9 and the outer ring 9 integrally formed. Theiron tooth pair 10 includes two iron teeth arranged radially along theiron core 4. Thecoil 5 is wound on the two iron teeth in turn and the two iron teeth The circuit flow direction of thecoil 5 on the teeth is opposite, and theiron core 4 is made of soft magnetic material. A predetermined number ofcoils 5 are wound clockwise on the iron teeth, and thecoils 5 on the two iron teeth are connected in a prescribed manner, so that The current direction is opposite, and the twocoils 5 on each pair of teeth have only one input terminal and one output terminal. Put themagnetic conduction ring 6 into the middle of theiron core 4, and leave a predetermined gap between theiron core 4 and themagnetic conduction ring 6. When thecoil 5 is energized, theiron core 4, themagnetic conduction ring 6 and the reserved gap form a closed magnetic circuit to generate electromagnetic force. In this way, dynamic loading on theelectric spindle 3 is realized.

本实施例中，所述铁齿对10沿铁心4周向均匀设置多对，多对铁齿对10能实现多种信号产生的电磁力同时对电主轴3进行加载，能更加真实的模拟电主轴3工作中受到的载荷，从而更好的测试出其性能。In this embodiment, multiple pairs ofiron teeth 10 are evenly arranged along the circumference of theiron core 4. Multiple pairs ofiron teeth 10 can realize the electromagnetic force generated by various signals and simultaneously load theelectric spindle 3, which can more realistically simulate theelectric spindle 3. The load received by themain shaft 3 during work, so as to better test its performance.

本实施例中，所述电路控制模块包括计算机14、数模转换器13、电源12和功率放大器11，计算机14信号输出端通过数模转换器13与功率放大器11信号输入端连接，功率放大器11输出端电连接于所述线圈5，电源12电连接于功率放大器11并为功率放大器11供电，当系统工作时，将加载信号写入计算机14，通过应用程序分析产生数字信号，通过数模转换，并经由放大器放大后输入线圈5，从而生成磁场，产生电磁力，完成对高速电主轴3的动态加载。电源12可产生脉冲信号、阶跃信号、正弦信号、方波信号以及任意两种信号的叠加信号。In this embodiment, the circuit control module includes a computer 14, a digital-to-analog converter 13, apower supply 12 and apower amplifier 11, and the signal output terminal of the computer 14 is connected to the signal input terminal of thepower amplifier 11 through the digital-to-analog converter 13, and thepower amplifier 11 The output terminal is electrically connected to thecoil 5, and thepower supply 12 is electrically connected to thepower amplifier 11 and supplies power to thepower amplifier 11. When the system is working, the loading signal is written into the computer 14, and the digital signal is generated through the application program analysis, and the digital-to-analog conversion is performed. , and input to thecoil 5 after being amplified by the amplifier, thereby generating a magnetic field, generating electromagnetic force, and completing the dynamic loading on the high-speedelectric spindle 3 . Thepower supply 12 can generate a pulse signal, a step signal, a sinusoidal signal, a square wave signal and a superposition signal of any two signals.

本实施例中，所述铁齿对10沿铁心4周向均匀设有4对，水平方向左右各1对，竖直方向上下各1对。功率放大器11相应的设置4个输出端，放大器输出分为4路，分别与4个线圈5的出线端相连，使4个线圈5得到独立的控制。In this embodiment, four pairs ofiron teeth 10 are evenly arranged along the circumference of theiron core 4, one pair for the left and right sides in the horizontal direction, and one pair for the upper and lower sides in the vertical direction. Thepower amplifier 11 is correspondingly provided with 4 output terminals, and the output of the amplifier is divided into 4 channels, which are respectively connected to the outlet terminals of the 4coils 5, so that the 4coils 5 can be independently controlled.

本实施例中，所述励磁装置还包括与铁心4下侧固定连接的调节机构，调节机构用于调节铁心4与导磁环6的相对位置，使铁心4轴线和导磁环6的轴线重合，使铁心4端面和导磁环6的端面重合，从而使导磁环6和铁心4的间隙均匀。In this embodiment, the excitation device also includes an adjustment mechanism fixedly connected to the lower side of theiron core 4, the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the relative position of theiron core 4 and themagnetic conduction ring 6, so that the axis of theiron core 4 and the axis of themagnetic conduction ring 6 coincide , so that the end face of theiron core 4 coincides with the end face of the magneticpermeable ring 6, so that the gap between the magneticpermeable ring 6 and theiron core 4 is uniform.

本实施例中，所述调节机构包括基座1和调节平台2，调节平台2上端通过支架7与铁心4外圈9固定连接，调节平台2下端通过丝杆传动机构与基座1滑动连接，丝杆传动机构包括与基座1固定连接的丝杆和设于调节平台2上与丝杆相配合的螺纹孔，采用精密的丝杆传动机构对铁心4的位置进行调节，能精确的控制铁心4的位置，使导磁环6和铁心4的间隙均匀。In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes abase 1 and anadjustment platform 2, the upper end of theadjustment platform 2 is fixedly connected to the outer ring 9 of theiron core 4 through a bracket 7, and the lower end of theadjustment platform 2 is slidably connected to thebase 1 through a screw drive mechanism. The screw drive mechanism includes a screw screw fixedly connected to thebase 1 and a threaded hole on theadjustment platform 2 to match the screw screw. The precision screw drive mechanism is used to adjust the position of theiron core 4, which can precisely control thecore 4, so that the gap between the magneticpermeable ring 6 and theiron core 4 is uniform.

本实施例中，所述丝杠传动机构为利用两个十字交叉的丝杠控制滑台移动的十字滑台结构，两个丝杠分别沿铁心4轴向和水平径向设置且两丝杠一端设有调节旋钮8，采用十字滑台结构可使铁心4具有两个方向的自由度。同时，设置丝杆一端设置有水平方向调节旋钮8和垂直方向调节旋钮8，可以通过对铁心4的轴线和端面的位置进行调节，使其轴线和导铁心4的轴线重合，使其端面和导磁环6的端面重合，从而使导磁环6和铁心4的间隙均匀，调节好位置后将丝杆上的锁紧螺钉锁死。In this embodiment, the screw drive mechanism is a cross slide structure that uses two cross screw screws to control the movement of the slide table. Anadjustment knob 8 is provided, and the cross-sliding table structure enables theiron core 4 to have degrees of freedom in two directions. At the same time, one end of the screw rod is provided with ahorizontal adjustment knob 8 and avertical adjustment knob 8, which can be adjusted by adjusting the axis of theiron core 4 and the position of the end face so that the axis coincides with the axis of theguide iron core 4, so that the end face and theguide core 4 are aligned. The end faces of themagnetic ring 6 are overlapped, so that the gap between themagnetic ring 6 and theiron core 4 is uniform, and after the position is adjusted, the locking screw on the screw rod is locked.

本实施例中，所述铁心4由工业纯铁制作而成，工业纯铁为软磁材料，具有低矫顽力和高磁通率等优点，用其制造的铁心4能保证对电主轴3加载的可靠性。In this embodiment, theiron core 4 is made of industrial pure iron, which is a soft magnetic material and has the advantages of low coercive force and high magnetic flux rate. loading reliability.

Claims (9)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：包括电磁加载装置和电路控制模块；所述电磁加载装置包括与电主轴同轴固定连接的导磁环和套设于导磁环外的励磁装置；所述电路控制模块用于控制励磁装置中的电路。 1. An electric spindle stiffness testing device, characterized in that: it comprises an electromagnetic loading device and a circuit control module; the electromagnetic loading device includes a magnetically conductive ring fixedly connected coaxially with the electric spindle and an excitation ring sleeved outside the magnetically conductive ring device; the circuit control module is used to control the circuit in the excitation device. the2.根据权利要求1所述的电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：所述励磁装置包括铁心和缠绕于铁芯的用于沿导磁环径向为其提供磁通的线圈；所述铁心包括与导磁环同轴设置的外圈和固定连接于外圈内壁与外圈一体成型的铁齿对；所述铁齿对包括两个沿铁心径向设置的铁齿；所述线圈依次缠绕于两铁齿上且两铁齿上线圈的电路流向相反。 2. The electric spindle stiffness testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the excitation device includes an iron core and a coil wound around the iron core for providing magnetic flux along the radial direction of the magnetic ring; the iron core It includes an outer ring coaxially arranged with the magnetic permeable ring and a pair of iron teeth fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer ring and integrally formed with the outer ring; the pair of iron teeth includes two iron teeth arranged radially along the core; the coils are wound in sequence On the two iron teeth and the circuits of the coils on the two iron teeth flow in opposite directions. the3.根据权利要求2所述的电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：所述铁齿对沿铁心周向均匀设置多对。 3. The electric spindle stiffness test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: said pairs of iron teeth are evenly arranged in multiple pairs along the circumferential direction of the iron core. the4.根据权利要求3所述的电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：所述电路控制模块包括计算机、数模转换器、电源和功率放大器；所述计算机信号输出端通过数模转换器与功率放大器信号输入端连接，功率放大器输出端电连接于所述线圈；所述电源电连接于功率放大器并为功率放大器供电。 4. The electric spindle stiffness testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the circuit control module includes a computer, a digital-to-analog converter, a power supply, and a power amplifier; The signal input end of the amplifier is connected, and the output end of the power amplifier is electrically connected to the coil; the power supply is electrically connected to the power amplifier and supplies power to the power amplifier. the5.根据权利要求4所述的电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：所述铁齿对沿铁心周向均匀设有4对；所述功率放大器相应的设置4个输出端。 5 . The electric spindle stiffness test device according to claim 4 , characterized in that: 4 pairs of iron teeth are evenly arranged along the circumference of the iron core; and 4 output terminals are correspondingly provided for the power amplifier. 6 . the6.根据权利要求5所述的电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：所述励磁装置还包括与铁心下侧固定连接的调节机构。 6. The device for testing the stiffness of the electric spindle according to claim 5, wherein the excitation device further comprises an adjustment mechanism fixedly connected to the lower side of the iron core. the7.根据权利要求6所述的电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：所述调节机构包括基座和调节平台；所述调节平台上端通过支架与铁心外圈固定连接，调节平台下端通过丝杆传动机构与基座滑动连接。所述丝杆传动机构包括与基座固定连接的丝杆和设于调节平台上与丝杆相配合的螺纹孔。 7. The electric spindle stiffness test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the adjustment mechanism includes a base and an adjustment platform; the upper end of the adjustment platform is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the iron core through a bracket, and the lower end of the adjustment platform is through a screw rod The transmission mechanism is slidingly connected with the base. The screw drive mechanism includes a screw fixedly connected to the base and a threaded hole on the adjustment platform matched with the screw. the8.根据权利要求7所述的电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：所述丝杠传动机构为利用两个十字交叉的丝杠控制滑台移动的十字滑台结构；两个丝杠分别沿铁心轴向和水平径向设置且两丝杠一端设有调节旋钮。 8. The electric spindle stiffness test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the screw drive mechanism is a cross slide structure that uses two cross lead screws to control the movement of the slide table; The iron core is arranged axially and horizontally and radially, and one end of the two lead screws is provided with an adjusting knob. the9.根据权利要求8所述的电主轴刚度测试装置，其特征在于：所述铁心由工业纯铁制作而成。 9. The electric spindle stiffness testing device according to claim 8, wherein the iron core is made of industrial pure iron. the

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