本申请要求2012年3月15日提交的名称为“Automatic Faucets”的PCT申请PCT/US2012/000150和2011年7月31日提交的名称为“Automatic Faucets”的美国临时申请61/574,345号的优先权并且是它们的部分继续申请，这两个申请以引用方式并入。This application claims priority over PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/000150, filed March 15, 2012, entitled "Automatic Faucets," and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/574,345, filed July 31, 2011, entitled "Automatic Faucets" and are continuations-in-part of them, both of which are incorporated by reference.
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及自动水龙头以及用于操作和控制这种水龙头的方法。The present invention relates to automatic water taps and methods for operating and controlling such water taps.
背景技术Background technique
在公共设施或大型私人设施中，现今使用着数种不同类型的自动水龙头。还存在计量水龙头，通过压住水龙头头部而手动地开启该计量水龙头以打开水，并且对该计量水龙头进行液压计时使得在该头部下降之后的设定时间段内持续出水。这些水龙头中的一些具有允许对热和冷水单独控制的单独头部。其它计量水龙头将进来的热和冷水流进行混合，并且在开启时，传送温和的输出流。There are several different types of automatic water taps in use today in public facilities or large private facilities. There are also metered taps that are manually turned on by pressing down on the tap head to turn on the water and that are hydraulically timed so that water continues to flow for a set period of time after the head is lowered. Some of these faucets have separate heads that allow separate controls for hot and cold water. Other metering faucets mix incoming hot and cold water streams and, when turned on, deliver a gentle output stream.
还已知的是手动开启的计量水龙头，以电子方式控制其接通时间。其它已知的水龙头在使用者将手定位在水龙头下方时以电子方式开启。自动水分配系统提供众多优点，包括改善卫生、节水和减少维护成本。因为很多传染疾病通过接触而传播，因此公共保健机构鼓励公众且命令食品工作者进行合适的卫生训练，包括有效地洗手。通过自动水龙头使有效洗手更容易。自动水龙头典型地包括检测物体的存在的物体传感器和基于来自传感器的信号而打开和关闭水的自动阀门。如果自动水龙头的水温不在最佳范围内，则人们趋向于缩短他们的洗手时间。为了获得最佳水温，必须实现热和冷水的合适的混合比以及合适的水致动。自动水龙头通常使用预设阀门，该预设阀门控制混合后的水流。Also known are manually opened metering taps, the on-time of which is electronically controlled. Other known faucets turn on electronically when the user positions a hand under the faucet. Automatic water distribution systems offer numerous benefits including improved sanitation, water conservation and reduced maintenance costs. Because many infectious diseases are spread by contact, public health agencies encourage the public and order food workers to practice proper hygiene, including effective hand washing. Make effective hand washing easier with automatic faucets. Automatic faucets typically include object sensors that detect the presence of objects and automatic valves that turn the water on and off based on signals from the sensors. People tend to shorten their handwashing time if the water temperature of the automatic faucet is not in the optimal range. In order to obtain the optimum water temperature, a proper mixing ratio of hot and cold water and proper water actuation must be achieved. Automatic faucets typically use a preset valve that controls the flow of water after mixing.
液压计时水龙头的缺点在于：因为主要压力变化和在水龙头内积聚的对水龙头内的液压控制造成负面影响的杂质，因此长期之后难以准确地控制该水龙头的接通时间。此外，一些水龙头不能始终辨别使用者的手、其它物质以及可能接近水龙头的物体（例如，与水龙头的红外收发器相对设置的反射物体、设立在水龙头的接近传感器上的肥皂等）。结果，那些现有水龙头可能会无意地打开和/或持续太长时间而造成水的浪费。A disadvantage of hydraulic timing taps is that it is difficult to accurately control the on-time of the tap over a long period of time because of the prevailing pressure variations and the accumulation of impurities inside the tap that negatively affects the hydraulic control within the tap. In addition, some faucets do not always recognize the user's hand, other substances, and objects that may be close to the faucet (eg, a reflective object positioned opposite the faucet's infrared transceiver, soap built into the faucet's proximity sensor, etc.). As a result, those existing faucets may be opened unintentionally and/or left on for too long causing wasted water.
仍然需要可靠的自动水龙头，其不浪费水并且具有有效节能的操作。There remains a need for a reliable automatic water faucet that wastes no water and has an energy efficient operation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明大体涉及基于传感器的自动水龙头和操作这种水龙头的方法。The present invention generally relates to sensor-based automatic faucets and methods of operating such faucets.
根据一个方面，一种自动水龙头包括壳体，其形成部分内圆筒和水龙头头部，并且构造成包括至少一个延伸至圆筒中的进水口管道以及用于输送出自喷口的水的出水口。该水龙头还包括可移除地安装在水龙头头部上的水龙头顶冠。该自动水龙头还包括位于圆筒内侧的阀门模块、传感器模块和控制模块。阀门模块包括用于控制来自出水口的水流的电磁致动器。该传感器模块构造成提供受到使用者影响的传感器数据。控制模块构造成接收来自传感器模块的传感器数据。内圆筒和水龙头头部构造和布置成可松开地包封并保持阀门模块、传感器模块和控制模块。According to one aspect, an automatic faucet includes a housing forming part of an inner cylinder and a faucet head, and configured to include at least one water inlet conduit extending into the cylinder and a water outlet for delivering water from a spout. The faucet also includes a faucet crown removably mounted on the faucet head. The automatic faucet also includes a valve module, a sensor module and a control module located inside the cylinder. The valve module includes an electromagnetic actuator for controlling the flow of water from the water outlet. The sensor module is configured to provide user-influenced sensor data. The control module is configured to receive sensor data from the sensor module. The inner cylinder and faucet head are constructed and arranged to releasably enclose and retain the valve module, sensor module and control module.
优选实施例包括如下特征中的一项或多项：Preferred embodiments include one or more of the following features:
控制模块位于可移除地安装在水龙头头部内侧的电路板上。该电路板可在从水龙头头部移除水龙头顶冠之后移除。The control module is located on a circuit board that is removably mounted on the inside of the faucet head. The circuit board can be removed after removing the faucet crown from the faucet head.
该自动水龙头包括构造为产生电力的涡轮模块。该涡轮模块位于水龙头头部内侧，并且可移除以进行保养。涡轮模块构造为产生电力，位于水龙头头部内侧，并且可在从水龙头头部移除水龙头顶冠之后移除。The automatic faucet includes a turbine module configured to generate electricity. The turbine module is located inside the faucet head and can be removed for maintenance. The turbine module is configured to generate electricity, is located inside the faucet head, and is removable after the faucet crown is removed from the faucet head.
阀门模块包括壳体，该壳体包括与关闭阀芯联合设置的混合阀门模块。该关闭阀芯设计为在移除致动器及相关联的致动器壳体时旋转（turn）关闭。自动水龙头可以包括混合把手，以控制该混合阀门模块。阀门模块包括壳体，该壳体包括与关闭阀芯联合设置的混合阀门模块，涡轮模块构造为接收出自该关闭阀芯的水流。The valve module includes a housing including a mixing valve module disposed in conjunction with a shut-off spool. The shut-off spool is designed to turn closed when the actuator and associated actuator housing is removed. Automatic faucets can include a mixing handle to control the mixing valve module. The valve module includes a housing including a mixing valve module disposed in conjunction with a shut-off spool, the turbine module configured to receive water flow from the shut-off spool.
根据另一个方面，一种自动水龙头包括壳体和阀门模块，该壳体构造成接收至少一个进水口管道并且具有用于输送水的喷口，该阀门模块包括受电磁致动器控制以对出自喷口的水流进行控制的阀门。自动水龙头还包括传感器模块和控制模块，传感器模块构造成提供受到使用者影响的传感器数据，控制模块构造成通过向电磁致动器提供信号来控制阀门的打开和关闭。控制模块构造成从传感器模块接收传感器数据并且执行感测算法，该感测算法追踪噪声信号水平并且动态地调整信号阈值，该感测算法追踪信号趋势以确定使用者的存在。According to another aspect, an automatic water faucet includes a housing configured to receive at least one water inlet pipe and having a spout for delivering water, and a valve module that is controlled by an electromagnetic actuator to A valve for controlling the flow of water. The automatic faucet also includes a sensor module configured to provide sensor data influenced by a user, and a control module configured to control opening and closing of the valve by providing a signal to the electromagnetic actuator. The control module is configured to receive sensor data from the sensor module and execute a sensing algorithm that tracks noise signal levels and dynamically adjusts signal thresholds, that tracks signal trends to determine the presence of a user.
优选实施例可以包括如下特征中的一项或多项：Preferred embodiments may include one or more of the following features:
控制模块构造并且编程为执行感测算法，该感测算法利用不同电源的各自参数。可以有一个或多个传感器模块，并且传感器模块可以包括电容式传感器。电容式传感器包括接触电容式传感器，或者电容式传感器包括接近电容式传感器。可替换地，传感器模块包括主动式红外（IR）传感器或被动式红外传感器，主动式红外传感器包括红外发射器和检测器，被动式红外传感器包括红外检测器。可替换地，传感器模块包括超声波传感器来检测使用者的接近、存在或离开。The control module is constructed and programmed to execute a sensing algorithm utilizing respective parameters of the different power sources. There may be one or more sensor modules, and the sensor modules may include capacitive sensors. Capacitive sensors include touch capacitive sensors, or capacitive sensors include proximity capacitive sensors. Alternatively, the sensor module includes an active infrared (IR) sensor including an infrared emitter and a detector, or a passive infrared sensor including an infrared detector. Alternatively, the sensor module includes an ultrasonic sensor to detect the approach, presence or departure of a user.
阀门模块、传感器模块和控制模块位于水龙头的壳体内。可替换地，阀门模块和控制模块位于控制系统单元内，控制系统单元位于水槽的顶部表面的下面。控制系统单元可以包括用于连接进水口管道的快速连接配件。控制系统单元包括与致动器相关联的水过滤器。The valve module, the sensor module and the control module are located in the housing of the faucet. Alternatively, the valve module and control module are located within the control system unit, which is located below the top surface of the sink. The control system unit may include a quick connect fitting for connecting the water inlet piping. The control system unit includes a water filter associated with the actuator.
使用壁板将控制系统单元安装在墙壁上。阀门模块被设计为在移除致动器之后自动关闭。Use the wall plate to mount the control system unit on the wall. The valve modules are designed to close automatically after removal of the actuator.
自动水龙头包括用于向电子控制电路提供电力的水涡轮模块。水涡轮和控制模块设计用于测量水龙头的水流速度。水涡轮和控制模块设计用于检测水龙头的故障状态。控制模块构造成执行电力管理算法。The automatic faucet includes a water turbine module for providing power to the electronic control circuit. The Water Turbine and Control Module is designed to measure the speed of water flow from a faucet. The water turbine and control module is designed to detect the fault condition of the faucet. The control module is configured to execute a power management algorithm.
自动水龙头包括用于向电子控制电路提供电力的光伏电池。自动水龙头包括用于向使用者指示状态的指示器。指示器包括LED二极管、声音指示器或显示器。Automatic faucets include photovoltaic cells used to provide power to electronic control circuits. Automatic faucets include indicators to indicate status to the user. Indicators include LED diodes, audible indicators or displays.
根据另一个方面，一种自动水龙头包括壳体，壳体构造成接收至少一个进水口管道并且具有用于输送水的喷口。自动水龙头包括阀门模块、传感器模块、电池模块、涡轮模块和控制模块。阀门模块包括受到电磁致动器控制的阀门，用于对出自喷口的水流进行控制。传感器模块构造成提供受到使用者影响的传感器数据。控制模块构造成通过向电磁致动器提供信号而控制阀门的打开和关闭。控制模块还构造成从传感器模块接收传感器数据并且执行感测算法。控制模块还构造成执行电力管理算法，电力管理算法用于对由水涡轮产生且提供至电池或来自电池的电力进行管理。According to another aspect, an automatic faucet includes a housing configured to receive at least one water inlet conduit and having a spout for delivering water. The automatic faucet includes a valve module, a sensor module, a battery module, a turbine module and a control module. The valve module includes valves controlled by electromagnetic actuators for controlling the flow of water from the spouts. The sensor module is configured to provide user-influenced sensor data. The control module is configured to control the opening and closing of the valve by providing a signal to the electromagnetic actuator. The control module is also configured to receive sensor data from the sensor module and execute a sensing algorithm. The control module is also configured to execute a power management algorithm for managing power generated by the water turbine and supplied to or from the battery.
优选实施例可以包括如下特征中的一项或多项：Preferred embodiments may include one or more of the following features:
控制模块（控制系统单元）可以包括包含电磁致动器（螺线管致动器）和可选过滤器的阀门模块。致动器壳体构造成能够通过旋转致动器壳体来自动关闭（即旋转关闭），因此在维护、阀门更换或过滤器清洁的情况下无需关闭水。The control module (control system unit) may include a valve module containing an electromagnetic actuator (solenoid actuator) and an optional filter. The actuator housing is configured to automatically close by turning the actuator housing (ie twist to close), so there is no need to shut off the water in case of maintenance, valve replacement or filter cleaning.
附接至可移除阀门模块（即阀芯）的过滤器以及与电磁致动器相关联的旋转关闭的结合允许在无需工具并且不必关闭水供应的情况下检查和清洁过滤器。The combination of the filter being attached to the removable valve module (ie the spool) and the rotary closure associated with the electromagnetic actuator allows inspection and cleaning of the filter without tools and without having to shut off the water supply.
根据另一个方面，基于传感器的水龙头包括位于从水龙头流出的水流中的水涡轮。水涡轮包括耦接至转子叶片的转子、磁体、定子和电线圈，转子叶片位于具有预定流速的水通路内，电线圈构造且布置成产生电力。According to another aspect, a sensor-based faucet includes a water turbine positioned in a flow of water from the faucet. The water turbine includes a rotor coupled to rotor blades positioned within a passage of water having a predetermined flow rate, magnets, a stator, and electrical coils constructed and arranged to generate electrical power.
优选地，水龙头包括用于向电子控制电路提供电力的水涡轮和可再充电电池。水涡轮和电子控制电路设计用于测量水龙头的水流速度。水龙头可以包括水涡轮、光电电池单元和可再充电电池，并且微控制器可以包括用于控制电力的输入和输出以及对电池充电的电力管理系统。Preferably, the water tap includes a water turbine and a rechargeable battery for powering the electronic control circuit. The water turbine and electronic control circuit are designed to measure the speed of water flow from the faucet. The faucet may include a water turbine, a photovoltaic cell, and a rechargeable battery, and the microcontroller may include a power management system for controlling the input and output of power and charging the battery.
优选地，包括水涡轮的水龙头还构造且布置成检测离开水龙头的微量水。包括水涡轮的水龙头还构造且布置成检测离开水龙头的水的流速。水龙头由自动传感器致动并且还构造和布置成基于来自水涡轮的信号检测水龙头的元件故障。Preferably, the tap comprising the water turbine is also constructed and arranged to detect traces of water leaving the tap. Faucets that include a water turbine are also constructed and arranged to detect the flow rate of water leaving the faucet. The faucet is actuated by an automatic sensor and is also constructed and arranged to detect failure of an element of the faucet based on a signal from the water turbine.
有利地，控制系统单元设计为便于使用快速连接设计来容易地进行水管道（例如，水软管）的安装和拆卸。安装需要简单的拉/推以将管道固定至控制系统单元和/或至水龙头。在关闭水供应之后，快速连接软管配件允许在安装阀门壳体（歧管）之前安装软管。与专用壁安装支架结合，歧管能够容易地安装和去除以便维修而无需工具。本设计使用专门的六角扳手、或者用于将控制模块的盖相对于安装在水槽下面的支架螺钉紧固的其它键。Advantageously, the control system unit is designed to facilitate easy installation and removal of water piping (eg water hoses) using a quick connect design. Installation requires a simple pull/push to secure the pipe to the control system unit and/or to the faucet. After shutting off the water supply, quick connect hose fittings allow the hose to be installed before installing the valve housing (manifold). Combined with a dedicated wall mounting bracket, the manifold can be easily installed and removed for servicing without tools. This design uses a special hex wrench, or other key used to secure the cover of the control module against the bracket screws mounted under the sink.
控制模块（控制歧管）设计成与壁安装支架协作。歧管能够容易地安装至壁支架上以及去除。歧管经由简单的扭转动作附接至壁板并且在歧管盖被放置在歧管上时即被固定。The control module (control manifold) is designed to cooperate with the wall mount bracket. The manifold can be easily mounted to the wall bracket and removed. The manifold is attached to the wall plate via a simple twisting action and is secured when the manifold cover is placed on the manifold.
通过简单的螺钉紧固至壁板上而刚性地和完全地固定控制系统单元。一旦盖螺钉固定，则不能从壁安装支架（壁板）移去歧管。The control system unit is rigidly and completely fixed by simple screw fastening to the wall plate. Once the cover screws are secured, the manifold cannot be removed from the wall mount bracket (wall plate).
控制系统单元还包括电池模块，该电池模块连接电池外壳内侧的电池，而不考虑外壳相对夹持器（holder）的取向。电池外壳仅以两种方式（180度对称）安装，并因此防止错误极性安装。电池外壳允许“盲”安装，即，如果安装者不能看见水槽下面的位置，但仍然可以安装电池。简单地将电池盖环转动1/4可使电池滑出，以便容易更换。如果电池外壳环未锁住电池（电池未固定），则电池外壳不能安装到歧管上，这给予安装者以警示。电池外壳经由O形圈密封以防湿气，并且电池外壳经由卡扣固定在歧管中。The control system unit also includes a battery module that connects the battery inside the battery housing regardless of the orientation of the housing relative to the holder. The battery case is installed only two ways (180 degree symmetry) and thus prevents wrong polarity installation. The battery enclosure allows for "blind" installation, ie if the installer cannot see the location under the sink, but still install the battery. Simply turning the battery cover ring 1/4 of the way allows the battery to slide out for easy replacement. If the battery housing ring does not lock the battery (battery is not secured), the battery housing cannot be installed on the manifold, giving the installer a warning. The battery housing is sealed from moisture via O-rings, and the battery housing is secured in the manifold via snap fits.
控制模块歧管还包括水涡轮。涡轮减小功耗并且还通过读出AC信号频率允许精确计量，AC信号频率与流速成比例，并且还通过可插入流动喷嘴针对不同流速进行了优化，且集成在歧管并用于故障检测（例如渗漏和阻塞）中。即，涡轮因渗漏而转动或者因阻塞而停止。The control module manifold also includes the water turbine. The turbine reduces power consumption and also allows precise metering by reading out the frequency of the AC signal, which is proportional to the flow rate and is also optimized for different flow rates through insertable flow nozzles, integrated in the manifold and used for fault detection (e.g. leakage and blockage). That is, the turbine turns due to leakage or stops due to clogging.
这种新颖的水龙头可以使用一个螺钉容易地安装和移去顶冠组件。有利地，顶冠设计和功能可以容易地改变，例如增加光电电池单元、显示屏（例如，LCD显示器）和使用者界面。This novel faucet allows easy installation and removal of the crown assembly using a single screw. Advantageously, crown design and functionality can be easily changed, such as adding photovoltaic cells, display screens (eg, LCD displays), and user interfaces.
电磁致动器可以耦接至仅一个阀门，该阀门插入输送预混合的热水和冷水的一个管道中。电磁致动器可以耦接至另一种类型的阀门以在两个独立管道中控制热水和冷水的流动，如在PCT申请PCT/US01/43277中描述。可替换地，控制信号可以输送至两个机电致动器，这两个致动器构造且布置成独立地控制两个阀门，并因此独立地控制具有输送至水龙头的热水和冷水的两个独立管道中的水流。The electromagnetic actuator can be coupled to only one valve inserted into one pipe carrying premixed hot and cold water. An electromagnetic actuator can be coupled to another type of valve to control the flow of hot and cold water in two separate pipes, as described in PCT application PCT/US01/43277. Alternatively, the control signal may be delivered to two electromechanical actuators constructed and arranged to independently control the two valves and thus independently control the two valves with hot and cold water delivered to the faucets. Water flow in separate pipes.
根据又一个方面，水龙头可以是由自带的电池操作的电子水龙头，其能够在电池更换之间操作超过两年、三年或更多年。水龙头具有最小数量的移动部件，并且可以非常容易地访问各个部件以便维护。可以以相对较低成本制造和维护该水龙头。According to yet another aspect, the faucet may be an electronic faucet operated by its own battery capable of operating for more than two, three or more years between battery replacements. The faucet has a minimum number of moving parts and the individual parts can be accessed very easily for maintenance. The faucet can be manufactured and maintained at relatively low cost.
根据另一个方面，提供用于校准或对基于传感器的水龙头编程的新颖界面。该界面经由耦接至控制水龙头中水流的微处理器的物体传感器与使用者交互。基于传感器的水龙头包括：插入管道中且受到电磁致动器控制的阀门；以及传感器，其用于向电子控制电路产生传感器输出信号，电子控制电路构造且布置成提供用于打开和关闭阀门的控制信号。在感测不同问题（例如，水龙头元件之一中的电池低状态、电子问题或机械问题）时，控制电路可以指导阀门在各种算法的不同步骤处提供预定数量的水集束（burst）或闪光以与使用者沟通。According to another aspect, a novel interface for calibrating or programming a sensor-based faucet is provided. The interface interacts with the user via object sensors coupled to a microprocessor that controls the flow of water in the faucet. A sensor-based faucet comprising: a valve inserted into a pipe and controlled by an electromagnetic actuator; and a sensor for generating a sensor output signal to an electronic control circuit constructed and arranged to provide control for opening and closing the valve Signal. Upon sensing different problems, such as a low battery state in one of the faucet elements, an electrical problem, or a mechanical problem, the control circuit can instruct the valve to provide a predetermined amount of water burst or flash at different steps of various algorithms to communicate with users.
根据又一个方面，水龙头具有热水和冷水进口和出口。传感器产生提供至电子控制电路的传感器输出信号，该电子控制电路构造且布置成将控制信号提供至机电致动器。控制电路还将信号提供至光学、声学或其它指示器，指示器在致动器首次打开阀门时发出信号。控制电路将信号提供至指示器，该指示器连续地发出信号并持续预定时间段，以向使用者表明根据有效手清洗的需要规定的时间间隔还未期满。当时间间隔期满时，由此向使用者确保他已符合相关持续时间规定。According to yet another aspect, the faucet has hot and cold water inlets and outlets. The sensor generates a sensor output signal that is provided to an electronic control circuit constructed and arranged to provide a control signal to the electromechanical actuator. The control circuit also provides a signal to an optical, acoustic or other indicator that signals when the actuator first opens the valve. The control circuit provides a signal to an indicator which is continuously signaled for a predetermined period of time to indicate to the user that the time interval prescribed by the need for effective hand washing has not expired. When the time interval expires, the user is thus assured that he has complied with the relevant duration specification.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是显示安装在水槽上的水龙头的正面透视图，其中控制系统单元位于该水槽之下。FIG. 1 is a front perspective view showing a faucet installed on a sink with a control system unit located under the sink.
图1A是水龙头的正面透视图，其中控制系统单元以分解图示出。Figure 1A is a front perspective view of the faucet with the control system unit shown in exploded view.
图2和图2A是显示图1的水龙头的两个实施例的透视图。2 and 2A are perspective views showing two embodiments of the faucet of FIG. 1 .
图3是图1的水龙头的透视图，其中水龙头顶冠去除。Figure 3 is a perspective view of the faucet of Figure 1 with the faucet crown removed.
图3A是没有水龙头顶冠的水龙头的透视分解图。Figure 3A is a perspective exploded view of the faucet without the faucet crown.
图3B和图3C分别是水龙头顶冠和电路板模块的透视分解图，其中电路板模块具有设计用于电容式传感器和IR传感器的用于图3所示的水龙头的附件。3B and 3C are perspective exploded views, respectively, of a faucet crown and a circuit board module with accessories designed for capacitive sensors and IR sensors for the faucet shown in FIG. 3 .
图4是位于图1所示的装置的水槽之下的控制系统单元的透视分解图。FIG. 4 is a perspective exploded view of the control system unit located under the sink of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 .
图4A和图4B是图4所示的控制系统单元的透视分解图，其中更详细地示出了各个模块。4A and 4B are perspective exploded views of the control system unit shown in FIG. 4 showing the individual modules in greater detail.
图4C和图4D是去除盖的图4所示的控制系统单元的透视侧视图，其中示出了在移除时旋转关闭的阀门模块。4C and 4D are perspective side views of the control system unit shown in FIG. 4 with the cover removed, showing the valve modules swivel closed when removed.
图4E示出连接至图4的控制系统单元的水管道的快速连接。FIG. 4E shows the quick connect of the water pipes connected to the control system unit of FIG. 4 .
图5是用于附接图1和图1A所示的控制系统单元的壁附件板的透视图。Figure 5 is a perspective view of a wall attachment plate for attaching the control system unit shown in Figures 1 and 1A.
图6和图6A分别是没有各个模块的图4A至图4D所示的控制系统单元的基部保持架的透视俯视图和透视仰视图。6 and 6A are perspective top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of the base holder of the control system unit shown in FIGS. 4A-4D without the individual modules.
图7、图7-I、图7A和图7A-I是附接有各个模块的控制系统单元的俯视和横截面图。7, 7-I, 7A, and 7A-I are top and cross-sectional views of the control system unit with the various modules attached.
图8在各个视角和细节图中显示了控制系统单元的盖，这些图也示出了用于将盖附接至基部的各个附接元件。Figure 8 shows the cover of the control system unit in various perspective and detail views, which also show the various attachment elements for attaching the cover to the base.
图8A是图4A所示的电池模块的分解透视图。FIG. 8A is an exploded perspective view of the battery module shown in FIG. 4A.
图8B是图4A所示的致动器模块的分解透视图。8B is an exploded perspective view of the actuator module shown in FIG. 4A.
图9是显示安装于水槽上的水龙头的另一个实施例的正面透视图。Fig. 9 is a front perspective view showing another embodiment of the faucet mounted on a sink.
图9A和图9B分别是图9所示的水龙头的正视图和侧视图。9A and 9B are a front view and a side view, respectively, of the faucet shown in FIG. 9 .
图10是图9所示的水龙头的横截面侧视图。FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional side view of the faucet shown in FIG. 9 .
图10A是图10所示的水龙头的水龙头头部的横截面、详细侧视图。10A is a cross-sectional, detailed side view of the faucet head of the faucet shown in FIG. 10 .
图10B是图10所示的水龙头的横截面侧视图，在分解图中显示了水龙头头部以更好地图示。1OB is a cross-sectional side view of the faucet shown in FIG. 10, showing the faucet head in exploded view for better illustration.
图11和图11A是位于图10A和10B所示的水龙头头部中的涡轮模块的俯视图和横截面图。11 and 11A are top and cross-sectional views of a turbine module located in the faucet head shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B .
图11B是位于水龙头头部内部的元件的透视分解图，包括涡轮模块、电路板模块和通风器。Figure 1 IB is a perspective exploded view of the components located inside the faucet head, including the turbine module, circuit board module and aerator.
图12、图12A、图12B、图12C和图12D是包括均位于涡轮模块内部的水流表面的涡轮的示图。Figures 12, 12A, 12B, 12C and 12D are illustrations of turbines including water flow surfaces each inside a turbine module.
图13显示了位于图10所示的水龙头内部的控制系统的分解透视图，其中去除了水龙头围封结构。Figure 13 shows an exploded perspective view of the control system located inside the faucet shown in Figure 10 with the faucet enclosure removed.
图13A、图13B、图13C、图13D和图13E示出了位于图10所示的水龙头内部的混合及关闭阀门的几个示图。13A, 13B, 13C, 13D and 13E show several views of the mixing and closing valves located inside the faucet shown in FIG. 10 .
图14是水龙头元件和用于控制图1或图9所示的水龙头的操作的控制电路的框图。14 is a block diagram of faucet elements and control circuitry for controlling the operation of the faucet shown in FIG. 1 or 9 .
图15是水龙头元件和用于控制图1或图9所示的水龙头的操作的控制电路的另一个实施例的框图。15 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a faucet element and control circuitry for controlling operation of the faucet shown in FIG. 1 or 9 .
图16A至图16G是图15的框图所示的水龙头元件的电路图。16A to 16G are circuit diagrams of the faucet element shown in the block diagram of FIG. 15 .
图17示出图1或图9所示的水龙头的主要操作和控制。Fig. 17 shows the main operation and control of the faucet shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 9 .
图18是示出用于由控制器实现的涡轮模块的电力管理的流程图。FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating power management for a turbine module implemented by a controller.
图19、图19A、图19B、图19C和图19D显示另一个流程图，其示出由控制器实现的水龙头的电力管理。Figures 19, 19A, 19B, 19C, and 19D show another flowchart illustrating the power management of the faucet implemented by the controller.
图20是示出用于为控制电路提供电力的电池接触算法的流程图。FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a battery contact algorithm for powering the control circuit.
图21包括图21A、图21B和图21C，其中示出用于感测在图1或图9所示的水龙头喷口处出现的目标的算法的流程图。21 , comprising FIGS. 21A , 21B and 21C , shows a flowchart of an algorithm for sensing an object present at the spout of the faucet shown in FIG. 1 or 9 .
图22是示出用于在图21的流程图中打开水的目标感测的流程图。FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating object sensing for turning on water in the flowchart of FIG. 21 .
图22A是示出用于在图21的流程图中关闭水的目标感测的流程图。FIG. 22A is a flowchart illustrating object sensing for turning off water in the flowchart of FIG. 21 .
具体实施方式detailed description
参照图1，水龙头10显示为安装至水槽14，其中水龙头基部18与顶部水槽表面15接触。水龙头包括壳体或包装本体17和水龙头顶冠16。使用电子线路11将水龙头10电耦接至控制歧管（控制系统单元）100并且经由水线路12接收水。图1A示出水龙头10，其中控制中心单元100以分解图示出。水线路12使用快速连接装置（示于图4E中）耦接至控制系统单元100并且提供混合热/冷水。即，存在位于水槽14之下的热冷混合单元（图1和图1A中未示出）。Referring to FIG. 1 , faucet 10 is shown mounted to a sink 14 with faucet base 18 in contact with top sink surface 15 . The faucet includes a housing or package body 17 and a faucet crown 16 . The water tap 10 is electrically coupled to a control manifold (control system unit) 100 using an electronic line 11 and receives water via a water line 12 . FIG. 1A shows the faucet 10 with the control center unit 100 shown in exploded view. Water line 12 is coupled to control system unit 100 using a quick connect (shown in FIG. 4E ) and provides mixed hot/cold water. That is, there is a hot-cold mixing unit (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A ) located under the water tank 14 .
控制系统单元100包括塑料歧管12和盖105，该塑料歧管12即设计用于容纳各个模块的基部。The control system unit 100 comprises a plastic manifold 12, ie the base designed to accommodate the various modules, and a cover 105.
图2和图2A显示了图1所示的水龙头10至水槽14的两个不同安装实施例。这些安装实施例同样适用于图9所示的水龙头10A。可以使用包括杆24和耦接元件25A和25B的快速连接组件实现该安装。耦接组件可以包括垫片22或用于使水龙头与金属制成的水槽电绝缘的较厚绝缘元件。该绝缘对于与金属水槽安装在一起的电容传感器（下面所述）的合适操作而言是重要的。图2A显示了水龙头10的另一个安装实施例，其使用杆28A和28B与耦接元件27A、27B、29A和29B的组件。2 and 2A show two different installation embodiments of the faucet 10 to the sink 14 shown in FIG. 1 . These mounting embodiments are also applicable to the faucet 10A shown in FIG. 9 . This mounting can be accomplished using a quick connect assembly comprising rod 24 and coupling elements 25A and 25B. The coupling assembly may include a gasket 22 or a thicker insulating element for electrically insulating the faucet from the sink made of metal. This insulation is important for proper operation of capacitive sensors (described below) mounted with metal sinks. FIG. 2A shows another mounting embodiment of faucet 10 using the assembly of rods 28A and 28B and coupling elements 27A, 27B, 29A and 29B.
水龙头壳体实际上由壳状结构构成，该壳状结构形成竖立本体和包括水龙头顶冠的上部，水龙头顶冠具有从本体部延伸出来至通风器38的喷口。通风器38包括可移除通风器主体38A和扳手38B。水龙头顶冠（在图2和图2A中显示为水龙头顶冠34）包括固定至本体的可移除盖板。盖板可以由LCD显示器或另一种类型的显示器取代以便与使用者沟通或者向使用者提供有关娱乐或广告的消息。The faucet housing actually consists of a shell-like structure forming an upstanding body and an upper portion comprising a faucet crown having a spout extending from the body portion to a ventilator 38 . The breather 38 includes a removable breather body 38A and a wrench 38B. The faucet crown (shown as faucet crown 34 in FIGS. 2 and 2A ) includes a removable cover plate secured to the body. The cover can be replaced by an LCD display or another type of display to communicate with the user or to provide the user with information regarding entertainment or advertising.
图3和图3A示出去除水龙头顶冠34的水龙头。水龙头10包括具有快速连接12A的柔性水管道12，快速连接12A可附接至向通风器38提供水的水龙头顶冠插入件36。图3B是水龙头顶冠34A的透视分解图，包括设计用于使用者手的容性感测的电路板和盖板。图3C是水龙头顶冠34B的透视分解图，包括设计用于使用者手的IR感测（或者可替换地设计既用于容性感测又用于IR感测）的电路板和盖板。3 and 3A show the faucet with the faucet crown 34 removed. The faucet 10 includes a flexible water conduit 12 having a quick connect 12A attachable to a faucet crown insert 36 that provides water to an aerator 38 . FIG. 3B is a perspective exploded view of faucet crown 34A, including a circuit board and cover designed for capacitive sensing of a user's hand. 3C is a perspective exploded view of the faucet crown 34B, including a circuit board and cover designed for IR sensing (or alternatively designed for both capacitive and IR sensing) of a user's hand.
图4是位于水槽之下的控制系统单元100的透视分解图。图4A是移去盖105的控制系统歧管（控制系统单元）100的透视分解图。Figure 4 is a perspective exploded view of the control system unit 100 located under the sink. 4A is a perspective exploded view of the control system manifold (control system unit) 100 with cover 105 removed.
控制系统单元100设计成与壁安装支架106（示于图4和图5中）协作以附接至水槽下面的盥洗室壁。The control system unit 100 is designed to cooperate with a wall mounting bracket 106 (shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 ) for attachment to the lavatory wall below the sink.
参照图4、图4A、图4B、图4C和图4D，控制系统单元100包括阀门模块150、电池模块200、涡轮模块250和电子控制模块400（如图14所示）。阀门模块150包括阀门壳体160、下阀门本体156、上阀门本体152、过滤器158（或粗滤器158）和致动器153。致动器壳体152包括对准标记154A，阀门壳体160包括对准标记154B，对准标记用于通过旋转致动器壳体来进行旋转关闭（即旋转关闭操作为卡口连接），从而无需在维护、阀门更换或过滤器清洁时关闭水流。这是通过位于旋转关闭基部结构180内侧并且被包封在旋转关闭壳体160内的旋转关闭阀芯170（如图13C和13D中所示）的组合来实现的。Referring to FIG. 4 , FIG. 4A , FIG. 4B , FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D , the control system unit 100 includes a valve module 150 , a battery module 200 , a turbine module 250 and an electronic control module 400 (as shown in FIG. 14 ). Valve module 150 includes valve housing 160 , lower valve body 156 , upper valve body 152 , filter 158 (or strainer 158 ), and actuator 153 . Actuator housing 152 includes alignment marks 154A and valve housing 160 includes alignment marks 154B for rotary closing by rotating the actuator housing (i.e. rotary closing operates as a bayonet connection) so that There is no need to shut off the water flow for maintenance, valve replacement or filter cleaning. This is accomplished by the combination of a rotary closure spool 170 (as shown in FIGS. 13C and 13D ) located inside the rotary closure base structure 180 and enclosed within the rotary closure housing 160 .
阀门模块150提供使用致动器153控制至水龙头10的水流的阀门并且提供关闭阀门以便容易维护。当阀门模块150从旋转关闭壳体160移除时，没有水流通过控制系统单元100。还参照图7和图7A，致动器模块150被插入定向成与两个元件上的箭头154A和154B均匹配的阀门壳体中，如图4D所示。当致动器模块150转动例如如图4C所示的45度时，在致动器打开的情况下，水可以流过阀门模块。旋转致动器模块150大约45度（从图4C所示的位置至图4D所示的位置）关闭阀门以便维护。致动器模块150包括下面所述的机电致动器（螺线管致动器）。图8B是致动器模块和包括水过滤器的阀门的分解透视图，还示于图4A中。螺线管致动器控制从通风器38输送至使用者的水流。整个水龙头系统包括许多O形圈和水封，以防止水泄露并改善水流，如本领域普通技术人员所公知的。The valve module 150 provides a valve that controls the flow of water to the faucet 10 using the actuator 153 and provides a shut-off valve for easy maintenance. No water flows through the control system unit 100 when the valve module 150 is removed from the rotary closure housing 160 . Referring also to Figures 7 and 7A, the actuator module 150 is inserted into the valve housing oriented to match the arrows 154A and 154B on both elements, as shown in Figure 4D. When the actuator module 150 is rotated eg 45 degrees as shown in Figure 4C, water can flow through the valve module with the actuator open. Rotating the actuator module 150 approximately 45 degrees (from the position shown in FIG. 4C to the position shown in FIG. 4D ) closes the valve for maintenance. The actuator module 150 includes electromechanical actuators (solenoid actuators) described below. Figure 8B is an exploded perspective view of the actuator module and valve including the water filter, also shown in Figure 4A. A solenoid actuator controls the flow of water from the ventilator 38 to the user. The entire faucet system includes numerous O-rings and water seals to prevent water leakage and improve water flow, as known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
参照图4A和4B，水涡轮模块250包括转子组件260（如图12C详细所示）和定子组件270（如图12D详细所示）。转子组件260包括：陶瓷磁体262（或其他抗腐蚀磁体）和用塑料针固定的旋叶264。定子组件270包括线圈271，其位于由非磁性材料制成的两个定子片272和273之间。Referring to Figures 4A and 4B, the water turbine module 250 includes a rotor assembly 260 (shown in detail in Figure 12C) and a stator assembly 270 (shown in detail in Figure 12D). The rotor assembly 260 includes: ceramic magnets 262 (or other corrosion resistant magnets) and vanes 264 secured with plastic pins. The stator assembly 270 includes a coil 271 located between two stator pieces 272 and 273 made of non-magnetic material.
水涡轮模块250位于水通道中，其中所述转子利用转轴耦接涡轮叶片264和转子磁体262来整体固定。转子磁体与定子磁极元件相对。提供定子线圈来与通过定子磁极的磁通互联。当水涡轮通过接收水流旋转时，磁体262相对于所述定子磁极旋转。流向转子和定子磁极的磁通的流动是变化的。因此，定子线圈中的感应电流在防止磁通的流动变化的方向上流动。定子-转子安排优选具有12个磁极（但也可以有更小或更大数量的磁极以优化能量输出）。发电机也被用作转速计，用来有效地测量经过水龙头的流速。这种安排也使得能够进行故障监测和线路堵塞或过滤器堵塞的检测。在对电流整流之后，使用下述的电源管理算法将其存储在例如可充电电池中。对应的信号被提供给微控制器，如图14和15所示。The water turbine module 250 is located in the water passage, wherein the rotor is integrally fixed by coupling the turbine blades 264 and the rotor magnets 262 with a rotating shaft. The rotor magnets oppose the stator pole elements. Stator coils are provided to interconnect the magnetic flux through the stator poles. As the water turbine rotates by receiving water flow, the magnets 262 rotate relative to the stator poles. The flow of magnetic flux to the rotor and stator poles is varied. Therefore, the induced current in the stator coil flows in a direction that prevents the flow of the magnetic flux from changing. The stator-rotor arrangement preferably has 12 poles (although a smaller or greater number of poles is possible to optimize energy output). The generator is also used as a tachometer to effectively measure the flow rate through the faucet. This arrangement also enables fault monitoring and detection of clogged lines or clogged filters. After the current is rectified, it is stored, for example, in a rechargeable battery using the power management algorithm described below. Corresponding signals are provided to the microcontroller as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 .
仍参照图4B和图12A、12B，水涡轮模块250具有设计成允许一定流速范围的单个流体路径。涡轮转子260与涡轮基部282协同设计为具有特别设计的集中入口284，和可选的位于集中入口284内的喷嘴283。对于0.7GPM（加仑每分钟）以上至1.8GPM的流速，提供更大横截面的流动通路以减少内部的流动阻力（即，压力损耗）。另一方面，对于低至0.35GPM的低流速，集中入口284包括可提高涡轮发电机的功率输出的喷嘴283。喷嘴可以通过小凸块和模制在所述喷嘴上的沟槽来固定就位。这种设计需要相对少量的空间。Still referring to Figure 4B and Figures 12A, 12B, the water turbine module 250 has a single fluid path designed to allow a range of flow rates. Turbine rotor 260 is co-designed with turbine base 282 to have a specially designed concentrating inlet 284 , and optionally nozzles 283 located within concentrating inlet 284 . For flow rates above 0.7 GPM (gallons per minute) to 1.8 GPM, a larger cross-sectional flow path is provided to reduce internal flow resistance (ie, pressure loss). On the other hand, for low flow rates down to 0.35 GPM, the centralized inlet 284 includes nozzles 283 that can increase the power output of the turbine generator. The nozzle may be held in place by small bumps and grooves molded into the nozzle. This design requires a relatively small amount of space.
如图4B所示，旋转关闭阀芯170包括一个出口端口74（另见图13C和13D），它接收出自阀门的水流，该水流受到旋转关闭阀芯170的约束，从端口174流出，并且在旋转关闭基部180和壳体160之间具流入集中入口284的层流。有利地，阀门壳体160和涡轮壳体280是由单个构件制成，以改善水的层流。水涡轮模块降低了功耗，并还允许通过读出AC信号的频率来进行精确的水计量，该AC信号的频率正比于流速并且可以使用可插入或永久流量喷嘴283针对不同的流速来优化。As shown in Fig. 4B, the rotary shut-off spool 170 includes an outlet port 74 (see also Figs. There is laminar flow between the rotary closure base 180 and the housing 160 into the centralized inlet 284 . Advantageously, valve housing 160 and turbine housing 280 are made from a single piece to improve laminar flow of water. The water turbine module reduces power consumption and also allows precise water metering by reading out the frequency of the AC signal which is proportional to flow rate and can be optimized for different flow rates using pluggable or permanent flow nozzles 283 .
如上所述，磁通流过发电机转子与定子磁极之间。当水涡轮通过流水的力而转动时，磁通作为一种阻力存在。即，在水涡轮的起动和旋转过程中，在转子和定子磁极之间产生的磁通作为止动转矩来制动水涡轮的操作。本发明的涡轮模块设计为启动和检测少量的水流以检测水龙头的漏水。涡轮模块可以由另一种可充电电源模块（诸如一个或多个光伏电池）代替。光伏电池可以安装在顶冠组件的顶部。As mentioned above, magnetic flux flows between the generator rotor and the stator poles. When the water turbine is turned by the force of flowing water, the magnetic flux exists as a kind of resistance. That is, during startup and rotation of the water turbine, the magnetic flux generated between the rotor and the stator pole acts as a detent torque to brake the operation of the water turbine. The turbine module of the present invention is designed to activate and detect a small amount of water flow to detect water leakage from a faucet. The turbine module may be replaced by another rechargeable power module, such as one or more photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cells can be mounted on top of the crown assembly.
电池模块200包括各提供直流1.5V的四个电池。图8A是电池模块的分解透视图。位于控制系统单元中的电池壳体被设计成接收所述电池模块200，而不管电池外壳204相对于歧管中保持器210的取向。也就是说，电池外壳204只能被夹持附接夹208以两个方向（180度对称）安装在保持器210的附接元件212上。这可以防止电池的错误极性安装。换句话说，电池外壳204允许“盲”安装，当安装者不能看见水槽下面的位置时仍然可以安装电池。在安装过程中，简单地将电池盖环转动1/4将使电池滑出以便容易更换。如果电池外壳环未锁住电池（即电池未固定），则电池外壳不能安装到保持器210上。电池模块200经由O形圈密封以防湿气，并且电池外壳经由卡扣固定在歧管中。The battery module 200 includes four batteries each supplying DC 1.5V. FIG. 8A is an exploded perspective view of a battery module. The battery housing located in the control system unit is designed to receive the battery module 200 regardless of the orientation of the battery housing 204 relative to the holder 210 in the manifold. That is, the battery case 204 can only be mounted on the attachment element 212 of the holder 210 in two orientations (180-degree symmetry) by the clip attachment clip 208 . This prevents incorrect polarity installation of batteries. In other words, the battery housing 204 allows for "blind" installation, where the installer cannot see the location under the sink and still install the battery. During installation, simply turning the battery cover ring 1/4 of the way will allow the battery to slide out for easy replacement. If the battery housing ring does not lock the battery (ie, the battery is not secured), the battery housing cannot be installed on the holder 210 . The battery modules 200 are sealed from moisture via o-rings, and the battery housings are secured in the manifold via snaps.
控制系统模块100包括塑料歧管120，其附接至壁板106。图5示出了壁附接板106，其具有协同设计的附接元件113、114和115，附接元件位于塑料歧管120上并且协同设计用于紧固、机械鲁棒的耦接。具体来说，塑料歧管120包括开口122和设计为具有板106的元件115的圆筒123。这些协作表面提供机械鲁棒的耦接并且做出标记以使控制系统单元100容易维修。整个控制系统单元设计成与壁安装支架106协作以便容易安装以及附接至壁支架和从壁支架移除。The control system module 100 includes a plastic manifold 120 that is attached to the wall plate 106 . Figure 5 shows a wall attachment plate 106 with co-designed attachment elements 113, 114 and 115 located on a plastic manifold 120 and co-designed for a secure, mechanically robust coupling. Specifically, the plastic manifold 120 includes an opening 122 and a cylinder 123 designed as the element 115 with the plate 106 . These cooperating surfaces provide a mechanically robust coupling and are marked to make the control system unit 100 easy to service. The entire control system unit is designed to cooperate with the wall mount bracket 106 for easy installation and attachment to and removal from the wall bracket.
歧管经由简单的扭转动作附接至壁板106，并且在塑料盖105放置于塑料歧管120上时即被固定。该单元是刚性的并且通过简单的使用螺钉118进行螺钉紧固而被完全固定。一旦盖螺钉（图8）被固定，歧管则不能从壁安装支架（壁板）106移除。本设计针对固定控制模块的盖105的螺钉使用专用六角扳手（Allen wrench）（或其它键）。水龙头10内的各个模块以及控制系统单元100是可移除的且容易更换以便快速维修。The manifold is attached to the wall plate 106 via a simple twisting action and is secured when the plastic cover 105 is placed over the plastic manifold 120 . The unit is rigid and fully secured by simple screw fastening with screws 118 . Once the cover screws ( FIG. 8 ) are secured, the manifold cannot be removed from the wall mounting bracket (wall plate) 106 . This design uses a special hex wrench (Allen wrench) (or other keys) for the screws fixing the cover 105 of the control module. The various modules within the faucet 10 as well as the control system unit 100 are removable and easily replaceable for quick repairs.
图6和图6A是用于控制系统单元100的塑料歧管（基部保持架）120的透视俯视图和透视仰视图。图7、图7-I、图7A和图7A-I是控制系统歧管100的横截面图。图10在几个视角和细节图中显示了歧管盖105。6 and 6A are perspective top and bottom perspective views of the plastic manifold (base holder) 120 for the control system unit 100 . 7 , 7-I , 7A and 7A-I are cross-sectional views of the control system manifold 100 . Figure 10 shows the manifold cover 105 in several perspective and detail views.
阀门模块和致动器模块的协作作用能够实现自动关闭，并因此在维护、阀门改变或过滤器清洁的情况下无需关闭水。附接至可移除阀门套的过滤器和与螺线管致动器关联的自动关闭的组合允许在无需工具且不必关闭水的情况下检查和清洁过滤器。The co-operation of the valve module and the actuator module enables automatic shutoff and thus the need to shut off the water in case of maintenance, valve changes or filter cleaning. The combination of the filter attached to the removable valve sleeve and the automatic shutoff associated with the solenoid actuator allows for inspection and cleaning of the filter without tools and without having to shut off the water.
致动器模块包括螺线管致动器（螺线管操作器）。螺线管致动器包括围绕电枢壳体缠绕的螺线管，电枢壳体构造并且布置成接收电枢，电枢包括由膜局部包封的柱塞。电枢提供流体通道，以便电枢流体在电枢的远端部分和近端部分之间位移，因而能够实现电枢在打开位置和关闭位置之间的快速有效移动。膜关于电枢壳体而被固定，并且布置成密封在具有固定体积的电枢袋状件内的电枢流体，其中柱塞（即，远端部分或电枢）的位移使膜关于阀门通道发生位移，由此打开或关闭该通道。这能够实现低能量电池的长时间操作。The actuator module includes a solenoid actuator (solenoid operator). A solenoid actuator includes a solenoid wrapped around an armature housing constructed and arranged to receive an armature including a plunger partially enclosed by a membrane. The armature provides fluid passages for displacement of armature fluid between the distal and proximal portions of the armature, thereby enabling rapid and efficient movement of the armature between the open and closed positions. The membrane is fixed with respect to the armature housing and is arranged to seal the armature fluid within an armature pocket of fixed volume, wherein displacement of the plunger (i.e. distal portion or armature) moves the membrane relative to the valve passage A displacement occurs, thereby opening or closing the channel. This enables long-term operation of low-energy batteries.
优选地，致动器可以是闭锁致动器（包括用于保持电枢的永久磁体）或非闭锁致动器。电枢的远端部分与不同类型的隔膜协作地布置，隔膜设计成当电枢置于其延伸的电枢位置时作用于阀门座上。螺线管致动器连接至控制电路，控制电路构造成响应于来自可选电枢传感器的输出对所述线圈施加所述线圈驱动。电枢传感器能够感测到达端部位置（打开或关闭位置）的电枢。控制电路能够沿第一驱动方向对线圈直接施加线圈驱动信号，并且响应于符合预定第一电流终止标准的来自传感器的输出以开始或停止沿第一驱动方向对线圈施加线圈驱动。控制电路能够响应于符合预定标准的来自传感器的输出指导或停止对线圈施加线圈驱动信号。Preferably, the actuator may be a latching actuator (comprising a permanent magnet for retaining the armature) or a non-latching actuator. The distal portion of the armature is cooperatively arranged with a different type of diaphragm designed to act on the valve seat when the armature is placed in its extended armature position. The solenoid actuator is connected to a control circuit configured to apply said coil drive to said coil in response to an output from an optional armature sensor. The armature sensor is able to sense the armature reaching the end position (open or closed position). The control circuit is capable of directly applying a coil drive signal to the coil in a first drive direction and initiating or stopping applying coil drive to the coil in the first drive direction in response to an output from the sensor meeting a predetermined first current termination criterion. The control circuit can direct or cease application of the coil drive signal to the coil in response to the output from the sensor meeting predetermined criteria.
例如可以通过螺线管致动器对水龙头进行控制，其中该致动器构造并布置成释放先导腔室中的压力并由此开始活塞、膜或框架组件从关闭阀门位置至打开阀门位置的移动。致动器可以包括闭锁致动器（如美国专利US6,293,516中所描述的，其通过引用并入）、非闭锁致动器（如美国专利US6,305,662中所描述的，其通过引用并入）、或隔离操作器（如PCT申请PCT/US/01/51098中所描述的，其通过引用并入）。阀门模块还可以手动控制将电信号赋予致动器驱动器（而不是传感器发出的信号），或者通过美国专利US6,874,535（通过引用而并入）中所述手动地释放先导腔室中的压力而进行控制。For example the faucet may be controlled by a solenoid actuator constructed and arranged to relieve pressure in the pilot chamber and thereby initiate movement of the piston, membrane or frame assembly from the closed valve position to the open valve position . Actuators may include latching actuators (as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,293,516, which is incorporated by reference), non-latching actuators (as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,305,662, which is incorporated by reference ), or an isolation operator (as described in PCT application PCT/US/01/51098, which is incorporated by reference). The valve module can also be controlled manually by giving an electrical signal to the actuator drive (rather than a signal from a sensor), or by manually releasing pressure in the pilot chamber as described in US Pat. No. 6,874,535 (incorporated by reference). Take control.
参照图4E，控制系统单元设计成以便容易安装和使用快速连接去除向水龙头10提供水的水管道。安装需要简单的推拉以相对于混合阀门或相对于水龙头到开口128固定管道（例如，软管）。在放置水管之后，将滑板124放在插槽组件132（图4A）中。结合专用的壁安装支架106，控制系统单元100在没有工具的情况下能够基本上容易地安装和去除以便修复。Referring to FIG. 4E , the control system unit is designed for easy installation and removal of the water pipe supplying water to the faucet 10 using a quick connect. Installation requires a simple push and pull to secure the plumbing (eg, hose) relative to the mixing valve or relative to the faucet to opening 128 . After the water pipe is placed, the slide plate 124 is placed in the socket assembly 132 (FIG. 4A). In conjunction with the dedicated wall mounting bracket 106, the control system unit 100 can be installed and removed substantially easily without tools for repair.
图9是显示安装于水槽上的具有位于水龙头本体内部的控制系统单元的水龙头的另一个实施例的正面透视图。图9A和图9B分别是图9所示水龙头的主视图及侧视图。图10是图9所示水龙头的侧面剖视图。图10A是图10所示水龙头的水龙头头部的详细侧面剖视图。图10B是在分解图中示出了水龙头头部以便更佳呈现的图10所示水龙头的侧面剖视图。9 is a front perspective view showing another embodiment of a faucet mounted on a sink with a control system unit located inside the faucet body. 9A and 9B are respectively a front view and a side view of the faucet shown in FIG. 9 . Fig. 10 is a side sectional view of the faucet shown in Fig. 9 . 10A is a detailed side cross-sectional view of the faucet head of the faucet shown in FIG. 10 . 10B is a side cross-sectional view of the faucet shown in FIG. 10 showing the faucet head in an exploded view for better presentation.
图13示出了水龙头10A的内部的分解透视图。在此实施例中，控制系统单元设置为与图4-图4D不同，但为所有现在如图10所示位于水龙头内部的模块提供了相似的优点和模块化设计。参照图13，控制系统单元包括阀门模块150A、电池模块200A和涡轮模块250A。阀门模块150A包括水混合把手20，其与包围在旋转关闭壳体160A内的混合阀门模块180A（如图13A、13B和13E所示）和旋转关闭阀芯170A（如图13C和13D所示）协同设计。FIG. 13 shows an exploded perspective view of the interior of faucet 10A. In this embodiment, the control system unit is arranged differently than in Figures 4-4D, but provides similar advantages and a modular design for all modules now located inside the faucet as shown in Figure 10 . Referring to FIG. 13 , the control system unit includes a valve module 150A, a battery module 200A, and a turbine module 250A. The valve module 150A includes a water mixing handle 20 which cooperates with a mixing valve module 180A (as shown in FIGS. 13A, 13B and 13E ) and a rotating closure spool 170A (as shown in FIGS. 13C and 13D ) enclosed within a rotary closure housing 160A. Collaborative Design.
阀门模块150A包括下阀门本体156A、上阀门本体152A、过滤器158A（或粗滤器158A）和致动器153A，致动器153位于上阀门本体152A内。致动器壳体152还可以包括与阀门壳体160A上的对准标记协同设计的对准标记，用于如结合图4C和图4D所述的通过旋转致动器壳体来旋转关闭。从阀门模块150A输出的水流入涡轮模块250A，如图11至图12B详细所示。Valve module 150A includes a lower valve body 156A, an upper valve body 152A, a filter 158A (or strainer 158A) and an actuator 153A located within upper valve body 152A. The actuator housing 152 may also include alignment marks co-designed with the alignment marks on the valve housing 160A for rotation to close by rotating the actuator housing as described in connection with FIGS. 4C and 4D . Water output from the valve module 150A flows into the turbine module 250A, as shown in detail in FIGS. 11-12B .
图11和图11A是位于图10A和图10B所示的水龙头头部内的涡轮模块250A的俯视图和剖视图，图11B是位于水龙头头部16A内部的元件的分解透视图。涡轮模块250A包括协同设计为适配到涡轮基部275A中的转子260和定子270，该涡轮基部275A适配到水压顶冠组件280A中。涡轮模块250A包括转子组件260（如图12C详细示出）和定子组件270（如图12D详细示出）。转子组件260包括转子磁体262（由陶瓷或其他抗腐蚀磁体制成）和通过塑料针固定的旋叶264。定子组件270包括线圈271，其位于由非磁性材料制成的两个定子片272和273之间。11 and 11A are top and cross-sectional views of the turbine module 250A located within the faucet head shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B , and FIG. 11B is an exploded perspective view of the components located inside the faucet head 16A. Turbine module 250A includes rotor 260 and stator 270 that are co-designed to fit into a turbine base 275A that fits into a hydraulic crown assembly 280A. Turbine module 250A includes rotor assembly 260 (shown in detail in FIG. 12C ) and stator assembly 270 (shown in detail in FIG. 12D ). Rotor assembly 260 includes rotor magnets 262 (made of ceramic or other corrosion resistant magnets) and vanes 264 secured by plastic pins. The stator assembly 270 includes a coil 271 located between two stator pieces 272 and 273 made of non-magnetic material.
水龙头头部16A包括位于水压顶冠组件280A上方的电路板。该电路板包括结合图14和图15描述的电子器件。Faucet head 16A includes a circuit board positioned above hydraulic crown assembly 280A. The circuit board includes the electronics described in connection with FIGS. 14 and 15 .
与上述结合水龙头10的描述类似，水涡轮模块250A具有从水封252A延伸至集中入口276A并在端口277A处离开涡轮的单个流体通路。涡轮模块250A设计为允许一定的流速范围。涡轮转子260与涡轮基部282协同设计为具有特别设计的集中入口276A，和可选的位于集中入口276A内的喷嘴。Similar to that described above in connection with faucet 10 , water turbine module 250A has a single fluid pathway extending from water seal 252A to collective inlet 276A and exiting the turbine at port 277A. The turbine module 250A is designed to allow a range of flow rates. The turbine rotor 260 is co-designed with the turbine base 282 to have a specially designed centralized inlet 276A, and optional nozzles located within the concentrated inlet 276A.
图14是用于控制水龙头10的操作的控制电子器件400的框图。控制电子器件优选地使用电容传感器50，或者可替换地使用主动式IR传感器或被动式IR传感器。主动式IR传感器包括用于发射IR光束的IR发射器420和用于检测反射的IR光的IR接收器424。被动式IR传感器使用如在PCT申请PCT/CN03/38730和PCT/US03/41303中所述的用于检测使用者的存在的被动式光学检测器，这两个申请通过引用并入。FIG. 14 is a block diagram of control electronics 400 for controlling the operation of the faucet 10 . The control electronics preferably use a capacitive sensor 50, or alternatively an active IR sensor or a passive IR sensor. An active IR sensor includes an IR emitter 420 for emitting an IR beam and an IR receiver 424 for detecting reflected IR light. The passive IR sensor uses a passive optical detector for detecting the presence of a user as described in PCT applications PCT/CN03/38730 and PCT/US03/41303, both of which are incorporated by reference.
参照图14，控制电子器件400包括由电池200提供电力的控制器402。控制器402优选地是由制造的微控制器MC9S08GT16A。微控制器执行各种优选地被下载的检测和处理算法。然而，控制器和算法还可以以专用逻辑电路、ASIC等的形式实现。控制电子器件400包括电源开关405、DC-DC转换器406、螺线管驱动器408。螺线管驱动器408把驱动信号提供给由螺线管反馈放大器412和信号调节器414监测的螺线管150。控制器402与驱动可视二极管436（例如，蓝色二极管或红色二极管）的指示器驱动器434通信，可视二极管436用于与使用者进行沟通。Referring to FIG. 14 , the control electronics 400 include a controller 402 powered by the battery 200 . The controller 402 is preferably composed of Manufactured microcontroller MC9S08GT16A. The microcontroller executes various detection and processing algorithms, which are preferably downloaded. However, the controllers and algorithms could also be implemented in the form of application specific logic circuits, ASICs, or the like. Control electronics 400 includes a power switch 405 , a DC-DC converter 406 , a solenoid driver 408 . Solenoid driver 408 provides a drive signal to solenoid 150 which is monitored by solenoid feedback amplifier 412 and signal conditioner 414 . The controller 402 communicates with an indicator driver 434 that drives a visible diode 436 (eg, a blue diode or a red diode) that is used to communicate with the user.
如图14所示，主动式光学传感器包括给IR发射器420提供电力的IR二极管驱动器422以及从IR接收器424接收信号的IR传感器放大器426。整个操作由控制器402控制。As shown in FIG. 14 , the active optical sensor includes an IR diode driver 422 that provides power to an IR emitter 420 and an IR sensor amplifier 426 that receives a signal from an IR receiver 424 . The entire operation is controlled by the controller 402 .
IR二极管驱动器422可以被设计成根据目标和环境条件逐渐地增加或减小光功率输出。这对于使用IR传感器放大器426的IR接收器来说同样适用。通常，由于一种方式足以实现该目的，所以仅使用两种方式中的一种。以下是条件的示例：如果环境太多IR明亮，则系统增强光学发射信号。如果目标太接近，诸如在私室中，该系统减小IR信号以节省电力。如果目标不足以引起IR反射，系统增强来自IR发射器520或者用于IR传感器放大器526的IR信号。The IR diode driver 422 can be designed to gradually increase or decrease the optical power output depending on the target and environmental conditions. The same is true for IR receivers using IR sensor amplifier 426 . Usually, only one of the two is used because one is sufficient for this purpose. The following are examples of conditions: If the environment is too IR bright, the system boosts the optical transmit signal. If the target is too close, such as in a den, the system reduces the IR signal to save power. The system boosts the IR signal from the IR emitter 520 or the IR sensor amplifier 526 if the target is insufficient to cause IR reflections.
系统402使用连接至扬声器442的可选语音合成器440以提供使用者界面。连接至流量传感器446的可选流量传感器调节器444用于检测通过水龙头的水流。可替换地，传感器可以用于检测水槽中的水的溢出并且向控制器402提供信号以关闭自动水龙头。The system 402 uses an optional speech synthesizer 440 connected to a speaker 442 to provide a user interface. An optional flow sensor regulator 444 connected to a flow sensor 446 is used to sense the flow of water through the faucet. Alternatively, a sensor may be used to detect the overflow of water in the sink and provide a signal to the controller 402 to turn off the automatic faucet.
该系统可以包括连接至天线452的可选RF收发器450，以便与远程定位的中央处理器或网络进行无线通信。本设计可以与无线连接的盥洗室水龙头和卫生用具的网络一起部署。远程定位的网络能够实现有关水龙头和用具的信息的监测和收集。水龙头和用具之间的通信优选地使用低频RF信号，而与远程定位的网络节点的通信优选地使用高频RF信号。The system may include an optional RF transceiver 450 connected to an antenna 452 for wireless communication with a remotely located central processing unit or network. This design can be deployed with a network of wirelessly connected bathroom faucets and plumbing fixtures. A remotely located network enables the monitoring and collection of information about faucets and appliances. Communication between the faucet and appliance preferably uses low frequency RF signals, while communication with remotely located network nodes preferably uses high frequency RF signals.
通常，使用有线或无线数据通信来传输信息，因为该信息与盥洗室水龙头和卫生用具的工作状态有关。传送的信息（与设备ID一起）可以包括电池电压、冲洗次数、该单元正处于运行状态（不能关闭）、无水状态（不能打开）等。使用RF收发器450和天线452，该系统可以接收信息，诸如从远程其它地方启动的命令。固定装置可以在网络方式下彼此通信。固定装置可以与近端中央单元通信，并且该单元可以把数据（有线或无线）传送到更广域的网络（如互联网）。在优选实施例中，使用者通过请求每个固定位置打开并且随后关闭来启动宽定位（location wide）诊断任务。反过来，每个固定装置报告成功/不成功操作。固定装置还可以报告其它变量，如电池电压、冲洗次数等。使用者随后采集信息并且根据结果计划维护安排。这对于在机构（诸如会议中心、棒球场等）中保养人员当前派工作人员在事件发生前去监测固定装置的工作状态并且手动做记录的情况中尤其有益。Typically, wired or wireless data communication is used to transfer information as it pertains to the working state of bathroom faucets and sanitary fixtures. The information transmitted (along with the device ID) can include battery voltage, number of flushes, is the unit running (cannot be turned off), waterless (cannot be turned on), etc. Using RF transceiver 450 and antenna 452, the system can receive information, such as commands initiated from a remote location. The fixtures can communicate with each other in a networked manner. Stationary devices can communicate with a near-end central unit, and this unit can transmit data (wired or wireless) to a wider area network (such as the Internet). In a preferred embodiment, the user initiates a location wide diagnostic task by requesting that each fixed location be turned on and then turned off. In turn, each fixture reports successful/unsuccessful operations. Fixtures can also report other variables such as battery voltage, number of flushes, etc. The user then collects the information and plans maintenance schedules based on the results. This is especially beneficial in facilities (such as convention centers, baseball diamonds, etc.) where maintenance personnel currently send crews to monitor the working status of fixtures prior to an event and make notes manually.
控制电子器件的另一实施例在PCT公开WO2005/056938和WO2004/061343中描述，二者通过引用并入本文。Another embodiment of control electronics is described in PCT publications WO2005/056938 and WO2004/061343, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
根据另一个实施例，控制电子器件包括微处理器，该微处理器是Toshiba制造的8位CMOS微控制器TMP86P807M的微控制器。该微控制器具有8K字节的程序存储器和256字节的数据存储器。使用具有通用PROM编程器的Toshiba适配器套接字实现编程。微控制器工作在三个频率（fc=16MHz，fc=8MHz和fs=332.768kHz）下，其中第一和第二个时钟频率用于正常模式，第三个频率用于低功率模式（即，睡眠模式）。微控制器工作在各种动作之间的睡眠模式下。为了节省电池电力，微控制器针对输入信号周期性地对光学传感器进行采样，并且随后触发功耗控制器。功耗控制器对信号调节器和其它元件通电。不同地是，光学传感器单元、电压调节器（或升压器）和信号调节器没有被通电从而节省电池电力。在操作期间，微控制器还把指示数据提供给指示器，例如，可视二极管或扬声器。控制电子器件可以从上述被动式光学传感器或主动式光学传感器接收信号。低电池检测单元可以是可从MicrochipTechnology得到的型号为TC54VN4202EMB的低电池检测器。电压调节器可以是同样可从Microchip Technology（http://www.microchip.com）得到的型号编号为TC55RP3502EMB的电压调节器。微控制器可替代地是可从National Semiconductor得到的零件编号为MCUCOP8SAB728M9的微控制器。According to another embodiment, the control electronics comprise a microprocessor which is an 8-bit CMOS microcontroller TMP86P807M manufactured by Toshiba. The microcontroller has 8K bytes of program memory and 256 bytes of data memory. Programming is achieved using a Toshiba adapter socket with a universal PROM programmer. The microcontroller operates at three frequencies (fc = 16MHz,fc = 8MHz andfs =332.768kHz ), where the first and second clock frequencies are used for normal mode and the third frequency is used for low power mode (i.e. sleep mode). The microcontroller works in sleep mode between various actions. To save battery power, the microcontroller periodically samples the optical sensor for the input signal and then triggers the power consumption controller. The power controller powers the signal conditioner and other components. The difference is that the optical sensor unit, voltage regulator (or booster) and signal conditioner are not powered to save battery power. During operation, the microcontroller also provides indication data to an indicator, such as a visual diode or a speaker. The control electronics may receive signals from the above-mentioned passive optical sensors or active optical sensors. The low battery detection unit may be a low battery detector model number TC54VN4202EMB available from Microchip Technology. The voltage regulator may be a voltage regulator model number TC55RP3502EMB, also available from Microchip Technology (http://www.microchip.com). The microcontroller is alternatively a microcontroller available from National Semiconductor as part number MCUCOP8SAB728M9.
水龙头可以包括单独地或与水涡轮结合的一个或几个光电电池单元，以便产生与接收的光量成比例的电压。当系统500通电并且开始操作时，该系统注册该电压并且随后继续监测电压。首次通电时，如果光电电池单元没有输出电压，这意味着黑暗环境并且因此该单元标记时间并在预定量时间内计数。如果时间足够长，如数小时和几天，并且在相同时间段内没有检测到目标，则水龙头系统被通电，但是没有人在使用盥洗室（即，灯被关闭），因此该系统进行节电模式。在该模式中，系统以低得多的频率扫描目标以节省电池电力。该系统还可以停止或放缓其它功能，如扫描超驰按钮、电池电压等。光电电池单元的使用在2008年7月3日提交的PCT申请PCT/US2008/008242中进行了描述，该申请通过引用并入。A water tap may include one or several photovoltaic cells, alone or in combination with a water turbine, in order to generate a voltage proportional to the amount of light received. When the system 500 is powered on and begins operating, the system registers this voltage and then continues to monitor the voltage. When powered up for the first time, if the photovoltaic cell has no output voltage, this means a dark environment and therefore the unit marks the time and counts for a predetermined amount of time. If the period is long enough, such as hours and days, and no targets are detected for the same period of time, then the faucet system is powered on, but no one is using the bathroom (i.e., lights are turned off), so the system saves power model. In this mode, the system scans for targets much less frequently to conserve battery power. The system can also stop or slow down other functions such as scanning override buttons, battery voltage, etc. The use of photovoltaic cells is described in PCT application PCT/US2008/008242, filed July 3, 2008, which is incorporated by reference.
图15是用于控制图1所示的水龙头的操作的控制电路的另一个实施例的框图。15 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a control circuit for controlling operation of the faucet shown in FIG. 1 .
图16A至图16G是图15的框图所示的控制电路的电路图。16A to 16G are circuit diagrams of the control circuit shown in the block diagram of FIG. 15 .
图17使用状态图200示出水龙头操作。处理器通过首先执行所有初始化而执行算法，使中断设置为通电（状态501）。接下来，在所有电源检查状态下检查所有电源的电力（状态506）。如果存在电池A/D错误或者微控制器耗尽外部电力，则算法再次进入状态501（转变504）。另外地，对于正常电力水平并且如果不存在螺线管启动，则算法（通过转变512）进入大电容充电控制（状态518）。FIG. 17 illustrates faucet operation using a state diagram 200 . The processor executes the algorithm by first performing all initialization, with the interrupt set to power on (state 501 ). Next, all power supplies are checked for power in the All Power Supply Check state (state 506 ). If there is a battery A/D error or the microcontroller runs out of external power, the algorithm enters state 501 again (transition 504). Additionally, for normal power levels and if there is no solenoid activation, the algorithm enters (via transition 512 ) bulk capacitor charging control (state 518 ).
在状态506，如果存在正常电力水平并且如果存在螺线管启动，则算法进入（508）螺线管打开计时器控制（状态510）。在不再检测到目标之后或者在预先选定时间段之后（520），算法进入关闭螺线管状态（状态524）。其后，算法（经过转变526）转变至大电容充电控制（状态518）。自从大电容充电控制（状态518），算法（经过转变528）转变至电容传感器控制（状态530）。At state 506, if normal power levels are present and if solenoid activation is present, the algorithm enters (508) solenoid open timer control (state 510). After the target is no longer detected or after a preselected period of time (520), the algorithm enters the closed solenoid state (state 524). Thereafter, the algorithm transitions (via transition 526 ) to bulk capacitor charging control (state 518 ). From bulk charging control (state 518 ), the algorithm transitions (via transition 528 ) to capacitive sensor control (state 530 ).
在电容传感器控制（状态530）中，系统执行目标检测，并且当未检测到目标且螺线管启动时，系统转变（转变534）至红LED闪烁控制（状态550）。可替换地，当检测到目标时（图22和图22A），系统转变（转变536）至打开螺线管状态（状态540），其中螺线管打开。可替换地，当目标在螺旋管打开时处于检测区域之外时，系统转变（转变532）回到关闭螺线管状态（状态524），其中螺线管被关闭。另外地，当没有感测活动时，并且没有LED闪烁且不需要第二电池检查时，系统从状态530（经过转变538）转变至睡眠状态（状态570）。In capacitive sensor control (state 530 ), the system performs object detection and when no object is detected and the solenoid is activated, the system transitions (transition 534 ) to red LED blink control (state 550 ). Alternatively, when a target is detected (FIGS. 22 and 22A), the system transitions (transition 536) to the open solenoid state (state 540), where the solenoid is open. Alternatively, when the target is outside the detection zone when the solenoid is open, the system transitions (transition 532 ) back to the closed solenoid state (state 524 ), where the solenoid is closed. Additionally, the system transitions from state 530 (via transition 538 ) to a sleep state (state 570 ) when there is no sensed activity, and no LEDs are blinking and a second battery check is not required.
自从红LED闪烁控制状态（状态550），在存在LED闪烁和需要第二电池检查之后系统转变（转变552）至睡眠状态（状态570）。然而，如果标记设置为第二电池检查，系统转变（转变556）至第二电池检查控制状态（状态560）。此外，在打开螺线管状态（状态540）之后，需要第二电池检查，则系统转变（转变546）至第二电池检查控制状态（状态560），并且之后，在电池检查完成之后，系统转变（转变554）至睡眠状态（状态570）。From the red LED blink control state (state 550 ), the system transitions (transition 552 ) to the sleep state (state 570 ) after there is LED blinking and a second battery check is required. However, if the flag is set to the second battery check, the system transitions (transition 556 ) to the second battery check control state (state 560 ). Also, after the open solenoid state (state 540), a second battery check is required, the system transitions (transition 546) to the second battery check control state (state 560), and then, after the battery check is complete, the system transitions to (transition 554) to sleep state (state 570).
在每次唤醒之后，系统从睡眠状态（状态570）转变（转变574）至所有电源检查状态（状态506）。如果不存在涡轮电力、或者没有电池电力（或者低电池电力小于3.7V10分钟）、或者没有太阳能，则系统转变（转变572）回到睡眠状态（状态570）。After each wakeup, the system transitions (transition 574 ) from the sleep state (state 570 ) to the all power check state (state 506 ). If there is no turbine power, or no battery power (or low battery power less than 3.7V for 10 minutes), or no solar power, the system transitions (transition 572 ) back to sleep (state 570 ).
图18是示出控制电路的电力管理的流程图。系统周期性地检查电池电力、来自涡轮的电力和可选的由光电电池单元提供的电力。图19、图19A、图19B、图19C和图19D示出控制电路的电力管理。FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing power management of the control circuit. The system periodically checks the battery power, the power from the turbine and optionally the power provided by the photovoltaic cells. 19, 19A, 19B, 19C and 19D illustrate power management of the control circuit.
图20是示出用于为控制电路提供电力的电池接触控制的流程图。FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating battery contact control for powering the control circuit.
图21是示出用于感测在图1或图9所示的水龙头喷口处出现的目标的算法的流程图。FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an algorithm for sensing an object present at the spout of the faucet shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 9 .
为了控制水龙头操作，系统执行容性感测操作。从通电或任何类型的复位开始，系统首先执行自校准和初始化，然后用作状态机。在从其睡眠唤醒之后，系统扫描电容传感器以得到当前原始数据，更新基线，之后，系统基于其当前状态执行相关任务。在完成当前任务之后，处理器将再次进入睡眠。To control the faucet operation, the system performs a capacitive sensing operation. From power-up or any kind of reset, the system first performs self-calibration and initialization, and then acts as a state machine. After waking up from its sleep, the system scans the capacitive sensors for current raw data, updates the baseline, after which the system performs related tasks based on its current state. After completing the current task, the processor will go to sleep again.
校准过程包括几个过程：“标准化原始数据”、“环境检查”和“确定水效应”。标准化原始数据在动态范围（接近11500的范围）内调节原始数据。环境检查确定噪声水平处于预定范围中，如果不是，系统使LED闪烁并且保持监测噪声水平直到其落在预定范围内。如果系统保持在该阶段，则表示系统不适于该环境，如图21A所示。确定水效应打开水以确定水效应并且判定这是否是1.5/0.5GPM喷口/压头。它仅仅是初始值，系统在其正规操作期间将对此进行自动更新。当校准完成时，系统第二次打开水以表示系统准备好使用。The calibration process consists of several processes: "Normalize Raw Data", "Environmental Check" and "Determine Water Effects". Normalize raw data scales the raw data over a dynamic range (range close to 11500). The environmental check determines that the noise level is within the predetermined range, if not, the system blinks the LED and keeps monitoring the noise level until it falls within the predetermined range. If the system remains at this stage, it indicates that the system is not suitable for the environment, as shown in Figure 21A. Determine Water Effect Turn on the water to determine water effect and determine if this is a 1.5/0.5 GPM spout/head. It is an initial value only and will be automatically updated by the system during its regular operation. When the calibration is complete, the system turns on the water a second time to indicate that the system is ready for use.
系统使用总共8个状态：TARGETCLEAR,INVERIFY,TOUCHED,TARGETSET,OUTVERIFY,PROHIBITION,PAUSE和CLEAN。系统在任何给定时间将处于这些状态中的一个状态且仅仅一个状态下。The system uses a total of 8 states: TARGETCLEAR, INVERIFY, TOUCHED, TARGETSET, OUTVERIFY, PROHIBITION, PAUSE and CLEAN. The system will be in one and only one of these states at any given time.
在TARGETCLEAR状态下，目标信号总是被清除。系统更新信号阈值，监测噪声水平并且确定信号阈值和将要验证作为目标的信号的数量。如果当前数据和基线的差大于信号阈值，并且数据连续增加超过某个值，则系统进入INVERFY状态并且加速扫描。在INVERIFY状态下，如果数据验证处于该状态下则将设置目标信号。系统判定何时需要设置目标信号。如果信号数据超过信号阈值并持续预定时间，则系统打开目标信号并且进入TARGETSET状态，并且存储当前原始数据作为用于判定何时目标移去的一部分参考。如果这在30秒内触发了5次，则系统进入PAUSE状态。In the TARGETCLEAR state, the target signal is always cleared. The system updates the signal threshold, monitors the noise level and determines the signal threshold and the number of signals to verify as the target. If the difference between the current data and the baseline is greater than the signal threshold, and the data continues to increase beyond a certain value, the system enters the INVERFY state and speeds up the scan. In the INVERIFY state, the target signal will be set if data validation is in the state. The system determines when a target signal needs to be set. If the signal data exceeds the signal threshold for a predetermined time, the system turns on the target signal and enters the TARGETSET state, and stores the current raw data as part of the reference used to determine when the target is removed. If this fires 5 times within 30 seconds, the system enters the PAUSE state.
在TOUCHED状态下，在已接触目标5秒之后则清除该目标信号。系统确定清除目标信号并且在接触目标超过5秒的情况下清除目标信号。系统判定从接触至未接触做什么。如果接触超过5秒，系统则进入CLEAN状态。如果接触小于5秒，则系统返回至TARGETSET状态。In the TOUCHED state, the target signal is cleared after 5 seconds of contact with the target. The system determines to clear the target signal and clears the target signal in the case of contact with the target for more than 5 seconds. The system determines what to do from contact to non-contact. If the contact exceeds 5 seconds, the system enters the CLEAN state. If the contact is less than 5 seconds, the system returns to the TARGETSET state.
在TARGETSET状态下，总是设置目标信号。系统在首次2秒期间校准水效应，并且确定水效应值，之后设置下面的参数：In the TARGETSET state, the target signal is always set. The system calibrates the water effect during the first 2 seconds and determines the water effect value, after which the following parameters are set:
·出水时间的信号阈值；以及The signal threshold for the time out of the water; and
·出水的参考值，其将要用于判定目标是否已移走。系统判定是否需要进入OUTVERIFY状态。• A reference value for water out, which will be used to determine if the object has been removed. The system determines whether to enter the OUTVERIFY state.
如果下面情况中任一种出现，则系统进入OUTVERIFY状态：If any of the following situations occurs, the system enters the OUTVERIFY state:
·运行时间结束・End of running time
·原始数据在预定范围之上未发生变化· Raw data has not changed above the predetermined range
·信号数据小于信号阈值The signal data is less than the signal threshold
·原始数据低于就在打开水之前预定的参考。• The raw data is below the predetermined reference just before the water is turned on.
在OUTVERIFY状态下，如果信号已验证则将清除目标信号。系统追踪水运行时间并且如果水运行时间结束则清除目标信号，系统进入PAUSE状态。系统判定数据是否稳定且在数据处于预定范围内持续1.5秒时清除目标信号，之后进入状态PROHIBITION。系统判定数据是否落在参考值之下，当数据处于预定范围内持续1.5秒时清除目标信号，之后进入状态PROHIBITION。系统判定数据是否在信号阈值之下，当数据处于预定范围内持续1秒时清除目标信号，之后进入状态PROHIBITION。In the OUTVERIFY state, the target signal will be cleared if the signal has been verified. The system tracks the water run time and clears the target signal if the water run time is over and the system enters the PAUSE state. The system judges whether the data is stable and clears the target signal when the data is within the predetermined range for 1.5 seconds, and then enters the state PROHIBITION. The system judges whether the data falls below the reference value, clears the target signal when the data is within the predetermined range for 1.5 seconds, and then enters the state PROHIBITION. The system judges whether the data is below the signal threshold, clears the target signal when the data is within the predetermined range for 1 second, and then enters the state PROHIBITION.
在PROHIBITION状态下，总是清除目标信号。系统判定何时走出该状态。如果系统已在该状态下持续预定最小关闭时间，则系统将进入TARGETCLEARED状态。In the PROHIBITION state, the target signal is always cleared. The system determines when to exit this state. If the system has been in this state for a predetermined minimum off time, the system will enter the TARGETCLEARED state.
在PAUSE状态下，总是清除目标信号。系统判定何时退出该状态。如果系统已在该状态下持续预定时间，则系统将进入TARGETCLEARED状态。在CLEAN状态下，总是清除目标信号。系统判定何时退出该状态。如果系统已在该状态下持续预定时间，则系统将进入TARGETCLEARED状态。In the PAUSE state, the target signal is always cleared. The system determines when to exit the state. If the system has been in this state for a predetermined time, the system will enter the TARGETCLEARED state. In the CLEAN state, the target signal is always cleared. The system determines when to exit the state. If the system has been in this state for a predetermined time, the system will enter the TARGETCLEARED state.
参照图14，电容检测器处理器465每5秒使用从高到低的HeartBeep脉冲与微控制器处理器402通信，以表明其处于良好状态。在按下状态，当端口2.5为低时系统停止扫描以节省电力。在请求LED电力时，系统设置端口1.5为低以表明其需要电力以打开LED。Referring to Figure 14, the capacitance detector processor 465 communicates with the microcontroller processor 402 using a high to low HeartBeep pulse every 5 seconds to indicate that it is in good condition. In the pressed state, the system stops scanning when port 2.5 is low to save power. When LED power is requested, the system sets port 1.5 low to indicate that it needs power to turn on the LED.
图22是示出用于打开水的目标感测的流程图，以及图22A是示出用于在图21C的流程图中关闭水的目标感测的流程图。针对接近和接触电容式传感器（例如由CypressSemiconductor制造）描述该算法。然而，该算法还适用于使用光源的主动式IR传感器以及检测来自使用者的反射信号的光检测器。目标检测算法（以及本文中描述的任何算法）可以嵌入设计芯片中或者可以下载至相应处理器。FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating object sensing for turning on water, and FIG. 22A is a flowchart illustrating object sensing for turning off water in the flowchart of FIG. 21C . The algorithm is described for proximity and touch capacitive sensors such as those manufactured by Cypress Semiconductor. However, the algorithm also works with active IR sensors using light sources and light detectors that detect reflected signals from the user. The object detection algorithm (and any algorithm described in this article) can be embedded in the design chip or can be downloaded to the corresponding processor.
参照图22，用于“打开水”的目标检测算法开始于目标清除状态（水关闭）。Referring to Figure 22, the object detection algorithm for "water on" begins with the object cleared state (water off).
·以8Hz扫描传感器以读出传感器数据·Scan the sensor at 8Hz to read out the sensor data
·信号=当前原始数据-基线Signal = current raw data - baseline
·如果信号>阈值，则进行至验证状态· If signal > threshold, proceed to verify state
·在验证状态下，阈值增加5· In verified state, the threshold is increased by 5
·在验证状态下，阈值增加5· In verified state, the threshold is increased by 5
·如果信号>阈值连续超过“验证”次数，打开水· If the signal > threshold exceeds the "verify" number of times in a row, turn on the water
·阈值和“验证”次数动态地更新如下：·Thresholds and "validation" times are dynamically updated as follows:
对于过去的5秒：For the past 5 seconds:
噪声水平=最大原始数据-最小原始数据Noise level = maximum raw data - minimum raw data
如果噪声水平为低If the noise level is low
阈值=高灵敏度水平threshold = high sensitivity level
验证=3verify=3
如果噪声水平为中If the noise level is medium
阈值=中灵敏度水平Threshold = medium sensitivity level
验证=4verify=4
如果噪声水平为高If the noise level is high
阈值=低灵敏度水平Threshold = low sensitivity level
验证=5verify=5
·在“验证”<验证阈值下，扫描传感器以读出传感器数据。· At "verify" < verify threshold, scan the sensor to read out the sensor data.
参照图22A和图22A-I，在水打开之后用于“关闭水”的目标检测算法开始。Referring to Figures 22A and 22A-I, the object detection algorithm for "water off" begins after the water is turned on.
·一旦水打开，将保持打开至少一秒，即使目标立刻离开。·Once the water is turned on, it will remain on for at least a second, even if the target leaves immediately.
·目标阈值将设置为：· The target threshold will be set to:
阈值=触发时的目标信号+水效应-15Threshold = target signal when triggered + water effect -15
·使用三个计数器来确定目标离开。• Use three counters to determine target departure.
计数器1将对小于阈值的信号的数进行计数Counter 1 will count the number of signals less than the threshold
计数器2将对未变化的信号的数进行计数Counter 2 will count the number of unchanged signals
计数器3将对信号减小的数进行计数Counter 3 will count the number by which the signal decreases
·如果当前信号小于阈值，则计数器1增加1，否则计数器2复位为0。• If the current signal is less than the threshold, then counter 1 is incremented by 1, otherwise counter 2 is reset to 0.
·稳定参考初始化为第一信号数据。如果当前信号与稳定参考之间的差小于预定范围，则计数器2增加1，否则计数器2复位为0，且稳定参考复位为当前信号。• The stable reference is initialized to the first signal data. If the difference between the current signal and the stable reference is less than the predetermined range, the counter 2 is incremented by 1, otherwise the counter 2 is reset to 0 and the stable reference is reset to the current signal.
·如果当前信号小于先前信号，则计数器3增加1，并且减小的值增加至减小的总信号，否则，计数器3复位为0，并且减小总量复位为0。• If the current signal is smaller than the previous signal, the counter 3 is incremented by 1 and the reduced value is added to the reduced total signal, otherwise the counter 3 is reset to 0 and the reduced total is reset to 0.
·如果计数器1大于8，或者计数器2大于16，或者计数器3大于8，减小的总信号大于45，或计数器3大于12。关闭水，如图22A-I所示。• If counter 1 is greater than 8, or counter 2 is greater than 16, or counter 3 is greater than 8, the reduced total signal is greater than 45, or counter 3 is greater than 12. Turn off the water as shown in Figures 22A-I.
·在水关闭之后，阈值复位为15。• After the water is turned off, the threshold resets to 15.
上述感测算法克服了与电容式接近感测相关的几个问题。在电容信号中，感测区域不确定，特别是当水正流动且人手仅仅是电容源的一部分时。信号/噪声比不足够大，并且噪声可以造成错误检测。对于不同电力供应源（例如，电池或电力适配器）信号强度变化。为了克服这些问题，感测算法基于真实应用环境自动校准基线。感测算法保持追踪噪声信号水平和因此适用信号阈值。感测算法追踪信号趋向（不仅仅是强度）以确定人手的出现。此外，感测算法针对不同电力供应源使用独立的参数。The sensing algorithm described above overcomes several problems associated with capacitive proximity sensing. In capacitive signals, the sensing area is indeterminate, especially when water is flowing and the human hand is only part of the capacitive source. The signal/noise ratio is not large enough, and noise can cause false detections. Signal strength varies for different power supply sources (eg, batteries or power adapters). To overcome these issues, the sensing algorithm automatically calibrates the baseline based on the real application environment. The sensing algorithm keeps track of the noise signal level and applies the signal threshold accordingly. Sensing algorithms track signal trends (not just strength) to determine the presence of a human hand. Furthermore, the sensing algorithm uses independent parameters for different power supply sources.
水龙头可以使用备选光学收发器，该收发器在美国专利US5,979,500或美国专利US5,984,262描述，并且还在同时待审的美国申请10/012,252和10/012,226中描述，所有这些申请通过引用并入。微控制器由National Semiconductor制造的微控制器COP8SAB和COP8SAC，或者由Toshiba制造的微控制器TMP86c807M。为了节省电力并且显著延伸电池操作，唤醒周期比睡眠周期短得多。取决于控制器的模式，睡眠时间可以是100毫秒、300毫秒或者1秒。Faucets may use alternative optical transceivers as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,979,500 or U.S. Patent No. 5,984,262, and also in co-pending U.S. Application Nos. 10/012,252 and 10/012,226, all of which are incorporated by reference incorporated. The microcontrollers are the microcontrollers COP8SAB and COP8SAC manufactured by National Semiconductor, or the microcontroller TMP86c807M manufactured by Toshiba. To save power and significantly extend battery operation, the wake-up period is much shorter than the sleep period. Depending on the mode of the controller, the sleep time can be 100 milliseconds, 300 milliseconds or 1 second.
通过以从水龙头发出的水集束的形式向使用者提供信号的新颖的“突发接口”，使电子水龙头还与使用者通信。可替换地，电子水龙头可以包括新颖的光学或声学接口。电子水龙头设计成当例如物体永久地位于水槽中时防止浪费水。The electronic faucet also communicates with the user through a novel "burst interface" that provides a signal to the user in the form of a bundle of water from the faucet. Alternatively, electronic faucets may include novel optical or acoustic interfaces. Electronic faucets are designed to prevent wasting water when, for example, objects are permanently located in the sink.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US61/574,345 | 2011-07-31 | ||
| PCT/US2012/000150WO2012125213A1 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2012-03-15 | Automatic faucets |
| USPCT/US2012/000150 | 2012-03-15 | ||
| PCT/US2012/000337WO2013019272A2 (en) | 2011-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | Automatic faucets |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103842597A CN103842597A (en) | 2014-06-04 |
| CN103842597Btrue CN103842597B (en) | 2017-08-01 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201280038725.9AActiveCN103842597B (en) | 2011-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | automatic faucet |
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| CN (1) | CN103842597B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2843596C (en) |
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