CN103824136A - MES (Manufacturing Execution System) dynamic workshop scheduling and manufacturing execution system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChineseDescription
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于车间调度领域，尤其涉及一种MES动态车间调度制造执行系统。The invention belongs to the field of workshop scheduling, in particular to an MES dynamic workshop scheduling manufacturing execution system.
背景技术Background technique
制造执行系统（Manufacturing Execution System, MES）作为面向车间生产的管理信息系统，是企业计划管理层与车间控制底层之间的桥梁，而车间生产调度是MES系统的核心模块，直接关系到企业生产、经营和管理效率。 车间调度问题（Job Shop Scheduling Problem，简称JSSP）具有复杂性、动态随机性和多目标的特点，生产调度主要解决资源和计划的最优安排，为计划执行和控制提供指导，直接控制生产的稳定和有序进行。良好的生产调度能够预先解决生产中的干扰，缩短产品在车间的流动时间，减少在制品库存，保证准时交货。在生产任务繁多、动态多变的环境中，单纯的手工调度显得低效甚至无能为力。传统的调度方法存在较大的局限性，例如难以建立准确约束条件下的数学模型，并且求最优解时间是随问题规模呈指数倍增长的NP-hard问题。近年来，随着各种新兴相关学科与优化技术的建立与发展，出现了许多新的优化方法。这些优化方法有机地结合起来，具有良好的应用前景。Manufacturing Execution System (MES), as a management information system for workshop production, is a bridge between the enterprise planning management layer and the bottom layer of workshop control, while workshop production scheduling is the core module of the MES system, which is directly related to enterprise production, Operational and management efficiency. The Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) has the characteristics of complexity, dynamic randomness and multi-objective. Production scheduling mainly solves the optimal arrangement of resources and plans, provides guidance for plan execution and control, and directly controls the stability of production. and proceed in an orderly manner. Good production scheduling can solve the interference in production in advance, shorten the flow time of products in the workshop, reduce the inventory of work in progress, and ensure on-time delivery. In an environment with many production tasks and dynamic changes, pure manual scheduling is inefficient or even powerless. Traditional scheduling methods have major limitations, for example, it is difficult to establish a mathematical model under accurate constraints, and the optimal solution time is an NP-hard problem that increases exponentially with the problem size. In recent years, with the establishment and development of various emerging related disciplines and optimization techniques, many new optimization methods have emerged. These optimization methods are organically combined and have good application prospects.
目前，传统的生产调度系统存在着许多问题，如生产过程稳定性差，缺乏柔性等。由于控制层与调度层是独立分开的，在调度过程中缺乏必要的现场信息，调度结果很难确实符合实际生产情况，生产情况发生变化时不能实时进行重调度。计划层与控制层分开，控制层不能及时将生产过程中可能发生或己经发生的脱离计划的偏差信息反映给计划层，导致计划层不能做到实时修正，不能实现动态实时调度的目的。At present, there are many problems in the traditional production scheduling system, such as poor stability of the production process, lack of flexibility and so on. Since the control layer and the scheduling layer are independent, there is a lack of necessary on-site information during the scheduling process, so it is difficult for the scheduling results to conform to the actual production situation, and real-time rescheduling cannot be performed when the production situation changes. The planning layer is separated from the control layer. The control layer cannot timely reflect the deviation information that may occur or has occurred in the production process to the planning layer. As a result, the planning layer cannot make real-time corrections and cannot achieve the purpose of dynamic real-time scheduling.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种MES动态车间调度制造执行系统，旨在解决传统的生产调度系统由于控制层与调度层是独立分开的，在调度过程中缺乏必要的现场信息，调度结果很难确实符合实际生产情况，生产情况发生变化时不能实时进行重调度，计划层与控制层分开，控制层不能及时将生产过程中可能发生或己经发生的脱离计划的偏差信息反映给计划层，导致计划层不能做到实时修正，不能实现动态实时调度的目的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a MES dynamic workshop scheduling manufacturing execution system, which aims to solve the problem that the traditional production scheduling system lacks necessary on-site information in the scheduling process because the control layer and the scheduling layer are independent, and the scheduling results are difficult to be sure. In line with the actual production situation, real-time rescheduling cannot be performed when the production situation changes. The planning layer is separated from the control layer. The control layer cannot timely reflect the deviation information that may or has occurred in the production process from the plan to the planning layer, resulting in planning. The layer cannot be corrected in real time, and the purpose of dynamic real-time scheduling cannot be achieved.
本发明是这样实现的，一种MES动态车间调度制造执行系统包括计划层、MES层、控制层；MES层连接计划层和控制层；MES层向计划层提交生产能力、材料消耗、劳动力和生产线运行性能、在制品的存放位置与状态、实际定单执行；向控制层发布生产指令控制及有关生产线运行需要的各种参数，同时MES层分别按受计划层的中长期计划和控制层的数据采集设备的实际运行状态；The present invention is achieved in this way, a MES dynamic shop scheduling manufacturing execution system includes a planning layer, an MES layer, and a control layer; the MES layer connects the planning layer and the control layer; the MES layer submits production capacity, material consumption, labor force and production line to the planning layer Operational performance, storage location and status of work in progress, actual order execution; issue production order control and various parameters related to the operation of the production line to the control layer, and at the same time, the MES layer collects data according to the medium and long-term plan of the planned layer and the data collection of the control layer The actual operating status of the equipment;
所述的计划层负责处理订单管理、库存控制、应收账、应付账管理、采购管理，产生主生产计划(MPS)、物料需求计划（MRP）及其它的文档，包括车间生产所需的加工单；The planning layer is responsible for processing order management, inventory control, accounts receivable, accounts payable management, procurement management, generating master production plan (MPS), material requirements plan (MRP) and other documents, including processing required for workshop production one;
所述的MES层包括生产作业计划、生产调度、设备管理、质量管理、物料跟踪、工艺管理、数据管理、数据分析功能模块; 管理产品生产的执行过程,以min或h为单位平衡整体的生产能力，对产品的制造过程进行跟踪，在计划层和控制层之间进行双向传递信息，对产品交货期、生产工艺限制、生产顺序优化进行综合考虑，制定生产作业计划，进行动态生产调度；The MES layer includes functional modules of production operation planning, production scheduling, equipment management, quality management, material tracking, process management, data management, and data analysis; manages the execution process of product production, and balances the overall production in units of min or h Ability to track the manufacturing process of products, carry out two-way transmission of information between the planning layer and the control layer, comprehensively consider product delivery dates, production process constraints, and production sequence optimization, formulate production operation plans, and perform dynamic production scheduling;
所述的控制层处理来自执行层的信息，实施监控车间状态，并将生产过程中的动态数据和状态信息实时反馈给执行层，根据车间现有状态及来自执行层的信息，实施控制生产过程。The control layer processes the information from the executive layer, monitors the state of the workshop, and feeds back the dynamic data and status information in the production process to the executive layer in real time, and controls the production process according to the current state of the workshop and the information from the executive layer .
进一步，所述的ＭＥＳ动态车间调度制造执行系统采用Witness对车间生产调度进行可视化建模与仿真，通过建立仿真模型和进行仿真分析，对各种方案进行仿真模拟和数据统计，将各个机器设备及各种产品的有关数据与改进之前的相应数据进行对比分析，实现对车间调度的优化。Further, the MES dynamic workshop scheduling manufacturing execution system uses Witness to carry out visual modeling and simulation of workshop production scheduling. By establishing simulation models and conducting simulation analysis, simulation and data statistics are carried out for various schemes, and each machine equipment and The relevant data of various products are compared and analyzed with the corresponding data before improvement to realize the optimization of workshop scheduling.
进一步，所述的建立仿真模型的具体步骤包括元素定义、元素显示的设置、各个元素细节设计、工艺流程的显示。Further, the specific steps of establishing the simulation model include element definition, setting of element display, detailed design of each element, and display of process flow.
进一步，所述MES的生产调度系统由三个核心模块组成，即生产作业计划模块、生产调度模块和物料跟踪模块，核心是生产调度模块，利用实时动态信息，对生产任务做出及时准确的安排和调整，协调各种资源的行为。Further, the production scheduling system of the MES is composed of three core modules, namely the production operation planning module, the production scheduling module and the material tracking module. The core is the production scheduling module, which uses real-time dynamic information to make timely and accurate arrangements for production tasks And adjust, coordinate the behavior of various resources.
进一步，所述MES的生产调度模块还包括数据库系统和管理系统。Further, the production scheduling module of the MES also includes a database system and a management system.
效果汇总Effect summary
本发明通过集成计划层、控制层与MES，在现有的生产条件下，平均生产能力与负荷，降低生产周期，减少在制品，从而最终达到提高经济效益的目的，MES的信息的及时性能够很好的满足生产运行变化迅速的要求，它可以提高企业生产调度的科学性和车间运作信息化水平，同时能够快速及时地反映市场和加工过程的变化，并及时做出相应的调整，从而提高系统运作的效率。The present invention integrates the planning layer, control layer and MES, under the existing production conditions, average production capacity and load, reduces production cycle, reduces work in progress, and finally achieves the purpose of improving economic benefits. The timeliness of MES information can It satisfies the requirements of rapid changes in production operation. It can improve the scientificity of production scheduling and the informatization level of workshop operations. At the same time, it can quickly and timely reflect changes in the market and processing processes, and make corresponding adjustments in time, thereby improving Efficiency of system operation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的MES动态车间调度制造执行系统的结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an MES dynamic shop scheduling manufacturing execution system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的MES动态车间调度制造执行系统的生产调度层次结构图；Fig. 2 is a production scheduling hierarchical structure diagram of the MES dynamic shop scheduling manufacturing execution system provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的MES动态车间调度制造执行系统的功能结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure of the MES dynamic shop scheduling manufacturing execution system provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
本发明是这样实现的，如图1所示，一种MES动态车间调度制造执行系统包括计划层、MES层、控制层；MES层连接计划层和控制层； MES层向计划层提交生产能力、材料消耗、劳动力和生产线运行性能、在制品的存放位置与状态、实际定单执行；向控制层发布生产指令控制及有关生产线运行需要的各种参数，同时MES层分别按受计划层的中长期计划和控制层的数据采集设备的实际运行状态；The present invention is achieved in this way, as shown in Figure 1, a kind of MES dynamic workshop scheduling manufacturing execution system includes planning layer, MES layer, control layer; MES layer connects planning layer and control layer; MES layer submits production capacity, Material consumption, labor force and production line operation performance, storage location and status of work in progress, actual order execution; release production order control and various parameters related to production line operation to the control layer, and at the same time, the MES layer is in accordance with the medium and long-term plan of the planned layer and the actual operating status of the data acquisition equipment at the control layer;
所述的计划层负责处理订单管理、库存控制、应收账、应付账管理、采购管理，产生主生产计划(MPS)、物料需求计划（MRP）及其它的文档，包括车间生产所需的加工单；The planning layer is responsible for processing order management, inventory control, accounts receivable, accounts payable management, procurement management, generating master production plan (MPS), material requirements plan (MRP) and other documents, including processing required for workshop production one;
所述的MES层包括生产作业计划、生产调度、设备管理、质量管理、物料跟踪、工艺管理、数据管理、数据分析功能模块; 管理产品生产的执行过程,以min或h为单位平衡整体的生产能力，对产品的制造过程进行跟踪，在计划层和控制层之间进行双向传递信息，对产品交货期、生产工艺限制、生产顺序优化进行综合考虑，制定生产作业计划，进行动态生产调度；The MES layer includes functional modules of production operation planning, production scheduling, equipment management, quality management, material tracking, process management, data management, and data analysis; manages the execution process of product production, and balances the overall production in units of min or h Ability to track the manufacturing process of products, carry out two-way transmission of information between the planning layer and the control layer, comprehensively consider product delivery dates, production process constraints, and production sequence optimization, formulate production operation plans, and perform dynamic production scheduling;
所述的控制层处理来自执行层的信息，实施监控车间状态，并将生产过程中的动态数据和状态信息实时反馈给执行层，根据车间现有状态及来自执行层的信息，实施控制生产过程。物料需求计划决定在什么时间需要什么样的零部件和原料以及需要数量，并形成采购计划和生产计划。根据生产计划，初步确定车间作业计划，确定在什么时间，使用何种设备和资源，加工完成什么零部件及加工批量等。The control layer processes the information from the executive layer, monitors the state of the workshop, and feeds back the dynamic data and status information in the production process to the executive layer in real time, and controls the production process according to the current state of the workshop and the information from the executive layer . Material requirements planning determines what parts and raw materials are needed at what time and the required quantity, and forms a procurement plan and a production plan. According to the production plan, preliminarily determine the workshop operation plan, determine when, what equipment and resources to use, what parts and processing batches to process, etc.
进一步，所述的MES动态车间调度制造执行系统采用Witness对车间生产调度进行可视化建模与仿真，通过建立仿真模型和进行仿真分析，对各种方案进行仿真模拟和数据统计，将各个机器设备及各种产品的有关数据与改进之前的相应数据进行对比分析，实现对车间调度的优化。Further, the MES dynamic workshop scheduling manufacturing execution system uses Witness to carry out visual modeling and simulation of workshop production scheduling. By establishing simulation models and performing simulation analysis, simulation and data statistics are carried out for various schemes, and each machine equipment and The relevant data of various products are compared and analyzed with the corresponding data before improvement to realize the optimization of workshop scheduling.
进一步，所述的建立仿真模型的具体步骤包括元素定义、元素显示的设置、各个元素细节设计、工艺流程的显示。Further, the specific steps of establishing the simulation model include element definition, setting of element display, detailed design of each element, and display of process flow.
进一步，所述MES的生产调度系统由三个核心模块组成，即生产作业计划模块、生产调度模块和物料跟踪模块，核心是生产调度模块，利用实时动态信息，对生产任务做出及时准确的安排和调整，协调各种资源的行为。Further, the production scheduling system of the MES is composed of three core modules, namely the production operation planning module, the production scheduling module and the material tracking module. The core is the production scheduling module, which uses real-time dynamic information to make timely and accurate arrangements for production tasks And adjust, coordinate the behavior of various resources.
进一步，所述MES的生产调度模块还包括数据库系统和管理系统。Further, the production scheduling module of the MES also includes a database system and a management system.
MES生产调度层次结构如图2所示：The hierarchical structure of MES production scheduling is shown in Figure 2:
生产调度是制造执行系统的核心，利用实时动态信息，对生产任务做出及时准确的安排和调整，协调各种资源的行为，在整个生产控制系统中起决策枢纽作用。其中，生产作业计划模块由生产订单驱动，从资源数据库中提取资源信息（包括设备信息、工具信息、工艺信息、原料信息等）结合优化调度算法，生成作业计划单，并下达给车间工作组。而生产调度模块根据物料跟踪模块反馈回来的信息，将此信息反馈给作业计划模块进行生产作业计划的调整，同时更新资源数据库，然后发挥调度功能，下达指令给车间工作组。Production scheduling is the core of the manufacturing execution system. It uses real-time dynamic information to make timely and accurate arrangements and adjustments to production tasks, coordinates the behavior of various resources, and plays a decision-making hub role in the entire production control system. Among them, the production operation planning module is driven by production orders, which extracts resource information (including equipment information, tool information, process information, raw material information, etc.) from the resource database and combines it with an optimized scheduling algorithm to generate an operation plan and distribute it to the workshop team. According to the information fed back by the material tracking module, the production scheduling module feeds this information back to the operation planning module to adjust the production operation plan, and at the same time updates the resource database, and then exerts the scheduling function to issue instructions to the workshop working group.
MES的系统功能结构如图3所示：The system function structure of MES is shown in Figure 3:
多品种小批量生产类型的特点是产品品种多、生产批量小，考虑到实际应用情况，多品种小批量生产企业MES的调度系统主要由三个核心模块组成，即生产作业计划模块、生产调度模块和物料跟踪模块。另外，再加上数据库及其管理系统便构成了系统的基本框架。生产作业计划排序采用优化调度算法，如智能优化算法、启发式算法等。数据库中存储在调度过程的所需的制造资源、工件、人员等信息。零件的加工工艺及工时信息也可以从数据库获得，以对工件的加工工艺分析。The type of multi-variety and small-batch production is characterized by many product varieties and small production batches. Considering the actual application situation, the MES scheduling system of multi-variety and small-batch production enterprises mainly consists of three core modules, namely the production operation planning module and the production scheduling module. and material tracking module. In addition, together with the database and its management system, it constitutes the basic framework of the system. Production job planning sorting adopts optimal scheduling algorithms, such as intelligent optimization algorithms, heuristic algorithms, etc. The database stores the required manufacturing resources, workpieces, personnel and other information in the scheduling process. The processing technology and man-hour information of the parts can also be obtained from the database to analyze the processing technology of the workpiece.
基于Witness的车间生产调度系可视化建模与仿真：Visual modeling and simulation of workshop production scheduling system based on Witness:
采用Witness仿真软件模拟车间调度的具体运行状况，精简生产活动辅助环节、压缩非加工时间、减少在制品费用与库存、缩短交货期，可以避免资金、时间、人力的浪费，为实现对制造系统中动态的变化做出快速而有效的响应提供重要参考。下面以一个制造车间为例，来具体说明基于Witness的车间生产调度系可视化建模与仿真过程。Using Witness simulation software to simulate the specific operating conditions of workshop scheduling, streamlining auxiliary links of production activities, compressing non-processing time, reducing work-in-progress costs and inventory, and shortening delivery time can avoid waste of funds, time, and manpower. It provides an important reference for making quick and effective responses to dynamic changes in the environment. The following takes a manufacturing workshop as an example to illustrate the visual modeling and simulation process of the Witness-based workshop production scheduling system.
加工系统描述：Processing system description:
一个制造车间由5个机器组，加工三种产品。每种产品分别要求完成4，3和5道工序，而每道工序必须在指定的机器组上，按照事先规定好的工艺顺序进行。A manufacturing workshop consists of 5 machine groups processing three products. Each product requires 4, 3 and 5 processes to be completed respectively, and each process must be carried out on a designated machine group in accordance with the predetermined process sequence.
假定在保持车间逐日连续工作的条件下，来仿真365个8小时工作日的工作，计算每种产品在队列中的平均总等待时间和作业总平均等待时间，以及每组机器队队列中的平均作业数、平均利用率以及平均等待时间，并进行改善。Assuming that the work of 365 8-hour working days is simulated under the condition of keeping the workshop working continuously day by day, the average total waiting time of each product in the queue and the total average waiting time of the job are calculated, as well as the average Job count, average utilization, and average wait time, and make improvements.
第1、2、3、4、5组机器分别有3、2、4、3、1台相同的机器，三种产品原料到达车间的间隔时间分别服从均值为50、30、75分钟的指数型随机变量。三种产品的工艺路线如表1所示。因此，产品A作业首先在第3组机器上加工，然后在第1组、再后来在第2组机器上加工，最后在第5组机器上完成最后工序。Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 have 3, 2, 4, 3, and 1 identical machines respectively, and the intervals between the raw materials of the three products arriving at the workshop follow an exponential pattern with mean values of 50, 30, and 75 minutes, respectively. Random Variables. The process routes of the three products are shown in Table 1. Therefore, the Product A job is first processed on Group 3 machines, then processed on Group 1 machines, then later on Group 2 machines, and finally finished on Group 5 machines.
表1 产品加工工艺路线与各工序加工时间参数Table 1 Product processing route and processing time parameters of each process
如果一项作业在特定时间到达车间，发现该组机器全都忙，该作业就在该组机器处排入一个FIFO规则的队列，如果前一天没有完成的任务，第二天继续加工。在特定机器上完成一个工序的时间是一种按二阶爱尔朗分布的随机变量，它的平均值取决于作业的类别以及机器的组别。每种作业的每道工序的平均服务时间如表1所示，因此，一个产品B在第4组机器上（第一道工序）的平均服务时间要66分钟。If a job arrives at the workshop at a specific time and it is found that the group of machines is all busy, the job will be placed in a FIFO queue at the group of machines. If there is no task completed the previous day, processing will continue the next day. The time to complete a process on a particular machine is a random variable with a second-order Erlang distribution whose mean value depends on the type of job and the group of machines. The average service time of each process of each operation is shown in Table 1, therefore, the average service time of a product B on the 4th group of machines (the first process) is 66 minutes.
由以上的工序时间可知产品A的总加工时间为147分钟，这是不考虑其中的切换时间所需要的时间；产品B的总加工时间为159分钟；产品C的总加工时间为243分钟，即生产1、2、3产品共需549分钟。From the above process time, it can be seen that the total processing time of product A is 147 minutes, which is the time required without considering the switching time; the total processing time of product B is 159 minutes; the total processing time of product C is 243 minutes, namely It takes a total of 549 minutes to produce 1, 2, and 3 products.
3.2模型运行和数据分析3.2 Model running and data analysis
建立仿真模型后，进行仿真分析。模型仿真钟取系统默认的1：1min，运行365×8×60＝175200仿真时间单位，使用系统提供的report工具。得到统计报表如表2-3所示。After the simulation model is established, the simulation analysis is carried out. The model simulation clock takes the default 1:1min of the system, runs 365×8×60=175200 simulation time units, and uses the report tool provided by the system. The obtained statistics report is shown in Table 2-3.
表2产品统计信息Table 2 Product Statistics
表3机器组统计信息Table 3 Machine group statistics
从表2可以看出，产品在系统中的时间平均在1000多分钟，分别为A：1113.59，B：1403.09，C：2129.43，时间太长。再从表3中可以看出机器组1、2、4是瓶颈，开动率达到95％以上。It can be seen from Table 2 that the average time of the product in the system is more than 1000 minutes, respectively A: 1113.59, B: 1403.09, C: 2129.43, the time is too long. It can be seen from Table 3 that the machine groups 1, 2, and 4 are the bottlenecks, and the operating rate reaches more than 95%.
3.3 仿真模型的优化3.3 Optimization of the simulation model
对模型进行改进后，模型仿真钟取系统默认的1：1min，运行365×8×60＝175200仿真时间单位，使用系统提供的report工具。得到统计报表如表4所示。After the model is improved, the model simulation clock takes the default 1:1min of the system, runs 365×8×60=175200 simulation time units, and uses the report tool provided by the system. The statistical report is shown in Table 4.
表4产品统计信息Table 4 Product Statistics
经对比分析，从表4可以看出，产品在系统中的时间，分别为A：1078.47、B：680.21、C：1475.73，虽有所缩短，但效果不明显。再从机器组统计信息中可以看出机器组1、2、4的利用率平衡不是很好，仍是瓶颈。各缓冲区的最大量有所缓减，平均时间也缩短了不少。总体来看，可以看出有所改善，但效果不明显。After comparative analysis, it can be seen from Table 4 that the time of the product in the system is A: 1078.47, B: 680.21, and C: 1475.73 respectively. Although it has been shortened, the effect is not obvious. From the machine group statistics, it can be seen that the utilization balance of machine groups 1, 2, and 4 is not very good, and it is still a bottleneck. The maximum amount of each buffer has been reduced, and the average time has also been shortened a lot. On the whole, it can be seen that there has been some improvement, but the effect is not obvious.
3.4添加机器的影响3.4 Effect of adding machines
基于前面的分析，对机器组1、2、4 各添加一台机器，再运行175200时间单位，经模型运行，得到统计信息如表5所示。Based on the previous analysis, add one machine to each of machine groups 1, 2, and 4, and then run for 175,200 time units. After running the model, the statistical information is shown in Table 5.
表5原料统计信息Table 5 Raw Material Statistical Information
通过比较表5和表4中的数据可以看出，对机器组1、2、4 各添加一台机器后，三种原料在系统中的平均逗留时间分别为原来的0.233、0.300、0.255。机床的利用率也非常接近，平衡的效果理想。由此可见，对机器组1、2、4各添加一台机器后，系统的柔性和顾客满意度得到了较大的提高。By comparing the data in Table 5 and Table 4, it can be seen that after adding a machine to machine groups 1, 2, and 4, the average residence time of the three raw materials in the system is 0.233, 0.300, and 0.255 respectively. The utilization of the machine tools is also very close, and the balance is ideal. It can be seen that after adding one machine to each of machine groups 1, 2, and 4, the flexibility of the system and customer satisfaction have been greatly improved.
3.5产品加工提前期的计算3.5 Calculation of product processing lead time
（1）假定A、B、C这三种产品的加工数量为100、200、100。经仿真运行，得到运行结果如表6所示。(1) Assume that the processing quantities of the three products A, B, and C are 100, 200, and 100. After running the simulation, the running results are shown in Table 6.
表6原料统计信息Table 6 raw material statistics
由表6可看出，产品在系统中的时间，分别为A：388.76、B：169.43、C：422.66，又由缓冲区统计信息可知，缓冲区最长时间为128.99，所以需要的加工提前期取最大值应为422.66。同时机器组利用率经优化后明显提高。It can be seen from Table 6 that the time of the product in the system is A: 388.76, B: 169.43, and C: 422.66, and it can be seen from the statistics of the buffer zone that the longest time in the buffer zone is 128.99, so the required processing lead time Taking the maximum value should be 422.66. At the same time, the utilization rate of the machine group has been significantly improved after optimization.
（2）如果机器组4有一设备出现故障，经过一定时间的修理恢复正常运转。模型的运行后统计信息如表7所示。(2) If a device in machine group 4 breaks down, it will resume normal operation after a certain period of repair. The post-run statistics of the model are shown in Table 7.
the
表7原料统计信息Table 7 raw material statistics
由表7可看出，产品在系统中的时间，分别为A：372.82、B：168.59、C：420.65，又由缓冲区统计信息可知，缓冲区最长时间为123.64，所以需要的加工提前期取最大值应为420.65。机器组统计信息所显示机器利用率没有明显的波动。It can be seen from Table 7 that the time of the product in the system is A: 372.82, B: 168.59, and C: 420.65, and it can be seen from the buffer statistics that the longest buffer time is 123.64, so the required processing lead time The maximum value should be 420.65. The machine group statistics show no significant fluctuations in machine utilization.
（3）如果有紧急件D插入，其到达车间的间隔时间服从均值为60分钟的指数型随机变量，产品D的加工数量为50，如表8所示。模型运行后统计信息如表9所示。(3) If there is an urgent item D inserted, the interval time between its arrival at the workshop obeys an exponential random variable with a mean value of 60 minutes, and the processing quantity of product D is 50, as shown in Table 8. The statistical information after the model is run is shown in Table 9.
表8产品加工工艺路线与各工序加工时间参数Table 8 Product processing route and processing time parameters of each process
表9原料统计信息Table 9 raw material statistics
由表9可看出，产品在系统中的时间，分别为A：515.51、B：190.78、C：578.12、D：379.55，又由缓冲区统计信息可知，缓冲区最长时间为260.19，所以需要的加工提前期取最大值应为578.12。同时机器组利用率开始有所变化了。It can be seen from Table 9 that the time of the product in the system is A: 515.51, B: 190.78, C: 578.12, D: 379.55, and it can be known from the buffer statistics that the longest time of the buffer is 260.19, so it is necessary to The maximum processing lead time for should be 578.12. At the same time, the utilization rate of the machine group began to change.
由上述可得，产品C在系统中的时间，正常情况下为422.66、机器故障时为420.65、紧急件的插入时为578.12，综上所述，考虑到机器故障和紧急件的插入，所以需要的加工提前期取区间应为[420.65, 578.12]min。It can be obtained from the above that the time of product C in the system is 422.66 under normal conditions, 420.65 when the machine fails, and 578.12 when the emergency parts are inserted. In summary, considering the machine failure and the insertion of emergency parts, it is necessary The interval of processing lead time should be [420.65, 578.12]min.
基于MES，结合离散型生产管理特点，构建了适合于多品种、小批量生产条件下的车间生产调度系统。对基于MES的车间生产调度系统进行了讨论，提出了MES的层次结构及其核心模块。在此基础上，采用Witness对车间生产调度进行了可视化建模与仿真，通过建立仿真模型和进行仿真分析，对各种方案进行仿真模拟和数据统计，将各个机器设备及各种产品的有关数据与改进之前的相应数据进行对比分析，实现对车间调度的优化。Based on MES, combined with the characteristics of discrete production management, a workshop production scheduling system suitable for multi-variety and small-batch production conditions is constructed. The MES-based workshop production scheduling system is discussed, and the hierarchical structure and core modules of MES are proposed. On this basis, Witness is used to carry out visual modeling and simulation of workshop production scheduling. Through the establishment of simulation models and simulation analysis, various schemes are simulated and statistically analyzed, and relevant data of various machines and equipment and various products are collected. Compare and analyze the corresponding data before improvement to realize the optimization of workshop scheduling.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围之内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay any creative effort. Various modifications or deformations that can be made by labor are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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