技术领域technical field
本发明属于电子技术领域，特别涉及带有PIN二极管开关的波束可切换天线技术。The invention belongs to the field of electronic technology, in particular to the beam switchable antenna technology with a PIN diode switch.
背景技术Background technique
由于越来越多的信息内容需要传输，现代通信系统对无线通信中的信息传输速率要求也越来越高，但是由于多径衰落的存在，数据传输速率随着信号传输距离的增加而减小。大量研究表明，恰当使用可切换波束的天线是一条解决此问题的途径。方向图可重构天线能根据通信环境的变化实时改变发射和接收天线的方向图，从而有效减弱噪声干扰，对抗多径衰落，提高信息传输速率。As more and more information content needs to be transmitted, modern communication systems have higher and higher requirements on the information transmission rate in wireless communication, but due to the existence of multipath fading, the data transmission rate decreases with the increase of signal transmission distance . Numerous studies have shown that the proper use of antennas with switchable beams is one way to solve this problem. The pattern reconfigurable antenna can change the pattern of the transmitting and receiving antennas in real time according to changes in the communication environment, thereby effectively reducing noise interference, combating multipath fading, and improving the information transmission rate.
文献“一种具有频率和波束可重构特性的圆形天线”(XiaotaoCai,AnguoWang,WeigangChen.Acirculardisc-shapedantennawithfrequencyandpatternreconfigurablecharacteristics[C].2011China-JapanJointMicrowaveConferenceProceedings(CJMW),20-22April2011:1-4)设计了一种圆盘形的方向图可重构天线(如图1)。该天线包括带馈电输入口的圆形绝缘基板，设于基板下表面且尺寸与基板相同的圆形金属接地板，设于基板上表面的中心圆形馈电贴片、开关、带辐射槽的扇形金属贴片，同轴馈线外导体连接金属接地板，内导体穿过绝缘基板与中心圆形馈电贴片连接。五个扇形金属贴片将天线分为五个区域，每个区域可视为一个相对独立的单元天线，分别通过一开关与中心圆形馈电贴片连接，扇形金属贴片中的辐射槽设置有两个开关，用以控制辐射槽的电长度，进而改变天线的工作频率，实现双频工作。通过切换连接中心圆形馈电贴片与扇形金属贴片的开关状态使不同的单元天线工作，所以该天线可以在天线所在平面内的五个方向实现波束切换，但是，由于该天线的辐射体特性的限制，天线在E面(平行于电场方向)的波束比较窄，每个波束在天线所在的平面的3dB波瓣宽度均为45°，通过切换这五个波束，每相邻两波束之间约有27°的间隙，即还共有约135°的扫描盲区，并不能实现天线所在平面上的全覆盖。The literature "A circular disc antenna with frequency and beam reconfigurable characteristics" (XiaotaoCai, AnguoWang, WeigangChen. Acircular disc-shaped antenna with frequency and pattern reconfigurable characteristics [C]. 2011 China-Japan Joint Microwave Conference Proceedings (CJMW), 20-22April2011: 1-4) designed a Disc-shaped pattern reconfigurable antenna (Figure 1). The antenna includes a circular insulating substrate with a feed input port, a circular metal grounding plate with the same size as the substrate on the lower surface of the substrate, a central circular feed patch, a switch, and a radiation slot on the upper surface of the substrate. The fan-shaped metal patch, the outer conductor of the coaxial feeder is connected to the metal grounding plate, and the inner conductor passes through the insulating substrate and is connected to the central circular feed patch. Five fan-shaped metal patches divide the antenna into five areas, and each area can be regarded as a relatively independent unit antenna, which is connected to the central circular feed patch through a switch, and the radiation slot in the fan-shaped metal patch is set There are two switches, which are used to control the electrical length of the radiation slot, and then change the operating frequency of the antenna to achieve dual-frequency operation. By switching the switch state connecting the central circular feed patch and the fan-shaped metal patch to make different element antennas work, so the antenna can realize beam switching in five directions in the plane where the antenna is located. However, due to the radiator of the antenna Due to the limitation of characteristics, the beam of the antenna on the E plane (parallel to the direction of the electric field) is relatively narrow, and the 3dB lobe width of each beam on the plane where the antenna is located is 45°. By switching these five beams, each adjacent two beams There is a gap of about 27° between them, that is, there is a scanning blind area of about 135°, which cannot achieve full coverage on the plane where the antenna is located.
另外，已有的文献很少涉及在H面(平行于磁场方向)的扫描，如何使用可重构技术扩大天线单元的波束覆盖范围，实现垂直于天线所在平面内的扫描，并且覆盖整个平面，减小天线尺寸并在有限的空间内设计PIN二极管开关的直流偏置电路需要更加深入的研究。In addition, the existing literature rarely involves scanning on the H plane (parallel to the direction of the magnetic field), how to use reconfigurable technology to expand the beam coverage of the antenna unit, realize scanning perpendicular to the plane where the antenna is located, and cover the entire plane, Reducing the size of the antenna and designing the DC bias circuit of the PIN diode switch in the limited space need more in-depth research.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提出了一种小型化垂直于天线平面的H面全向扫描波束可切换天线，该天线设置有具体的控制PIN二极管开关的直流偏置电路，具有八种波束方向，通过切换开关状态实现在天线垂直的平面的H面全向扫描，并且该天线具有两种扫描方式，可以在两个工作频率下实现粗扫和细扫，扩大了天线的应用范围。The present invention proposes a miniaturized H-plane omnidirectional scanning beam switchable antenna perpendicular to the antenna plane. The antenna is provided with a specific DC bias circuit for controlling the PIN diode switch, and has eight beam directions, which are realized by switching the switch state. Omni-directional scanning is performed on the H plane of the vertical plane of the antenna, and the antenna has two scanning modes, which can realize coarse scanning and fine scanning at two operating frequencies, thereby expanding the application range of the antenna.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的，天线包括：带馈电输入口的矩形中层绝缘基板及设于其上表面的贴片振子、设于其下表面的金属接地板，紧贴于中层绝缘基板上、下表面的四块矩形表层绝缘基板，设于表层绝缘基板表面的寄生贴片、PIN二极管开关及控制开关的偏置电路，其特征在于所述四块矩形表层绝缘基板的一长边、两窄边与中层绝缘基板的边相重合，同一平面的两表层绝缘基板相互平行且中间有空隙；所述贴片振子通过一金属通孔与接地板连通；所述寄生贴片由寄生贴片主体及其两端的延长段组成，延长段通过PIN二极管开关与寄生贴片主体连接；所述金属接地板为长方形接地板，其几何中心与中层绝缘基板的中心重合，金属接地板连接同轴馈线外导体，内导体穿过绝缘基板与贴片振子连接。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions. The antenna includes: a rectangular middle-layer insulating substrate with a feed input port, a chip vibrator arranged on its upper surface, and a metal ground plate arranged on its lower surface, which are closely attached to the middle-layer insulating substrate. The four rectangular surface insulating substrates on the upper and lower surfaces, the parasitic patch, the PIN diode switch and the bias circuit of the control switch on the surface of the surface insulating substrate are characterized in that one long side of the four rectangular surface insulating substrates, The two narrow sides coincide with the sides of the middle insulating substrate, and the two surface insulating substrates on the same plane are parallel to each other with a gap in the middle; the patch vibrator communicates with the ground plate through a metal through hole; the parasitic patch is composed of a parasitic patch The main body and the extension sections at both ends, the extension section is connected to the main body of the parasitic patch through the PIN diode switch; the metal grounding plate is a rectangular grounding plate, whose geometric center coincides with the center of the middle insulating substrate, and the metal grounding plate is connected to the coaxial feeder The outer conductor and the inner conductor are connected to the patch vibrator through the insulating substrate.
所述控制开关的偏置电路包括电感、第一高阻抗线、第二高阻抗线，电感一端连接在寄生贴片主体的中间位置，另一端通过金属贴片焊盘连接第一高阻抗线，此第一高阻抗线通过金属贴片焊盘连接直流控制电源的正极，第一高阻抗线的长度为λ/4±λ/16(λ为工作频段的中心波长)；两延长段各连接一长度相同的第二高阻抗线，此第二高阻抗线通过金属贴片焊盘连接直流控制电源的负极。The bias circuit of the control switch includes an inductor, a first high-impedance line, and a second high-impedance line. One end of the inductor is connected to the middle of the main body of the parasitic patch, and the other end is connected to the first high-impedance line through a metal patch pad. The first high-impedance line is connected to the positive pole of the DC control power supply through the metal patch pad, and the length of the first high-impedance line is λ/4±λ/16 (λ is the center wavelength of the working frequency band); each of the two extension sections is connected to a A second high-impedance line with the same length, the second high-impedance line is connected to the negative pole of the DC control power supply through the metal patch pad.
所述贴片振子、寄生贴片、金属接地板、第一高阻抗线、第二高阻抗线及金属贴片焊盘刻蚀或印刷于绝缘基板。The patch vibrator, parasitic patch, metal ground plate, first high-impedance line, second high-impedance line and metal patch pad are etched or printed on the insulating substrate.
本发明的实质是采用PIN二极管开关的通断控制天线的结构。当每条寄生贴片上的两个PIN二极管导通时，则该寄生贴片的三部分形成一个整体，其长度大于位于天线中间的振子贴片长度，对辐射电磁波起到反射的作用；当每条寄生贴片上的两个PIN二极管截止时，则该寄生贴片的三部分不能形成一个整体，其每部分的长度都小于中间的振子贴片长度，对辐射电磁波起到引向的作用。通过PIN二极管开关的通断来改变天线寄生贴片的相对长度，进而改变天线的辐射波束指向，此天线可以在天线的H面内的八个方向实现波束切换，即该天线具有八种辐射波束。The essence of the invention is the structure of the on-off control antenna using the PIN diode switch. When the two PIN diodes on each parasitic patch are turned on, the three parts of the parasitic patch form a whole, and its length is longer than the length of the vibrator patch located in the middle of the antenna, reflecting the radiated electromagnetic wave; when When the two PIN diodes on each parasitic patch are cut off, the three parts of the parasitic patch cannot form a whole, and the length of each part is smaller than the length of the vibrator patch in the middle, which plays a role in guiding the radiated electromagnetic waves . The relative length of the antenna parasitic patch is changed by turning on and off the PIN diode switch, and then the radiation beam direction of the antenna is changed. This antenna can realize beam switching in eight directions in the H plane of the antenna, that is, the antenna has eight radiation beams .
本发明和现有技术相比，其效果是积极的和明显的。通过控制开关通断实现8个波束辐射方向，实现了竖直平面内的全向扫描，并且将天线的扫描维度由天线所在的平面拓展至与天线垂直的平面，在两种不同的工作频段下分为粗扫细扫两种扫描方式，扩大了天线的应用范围，能够满足不同环境的需求。该天线的直流偏置电路设计简单，天线结构紧凑，具有很好的应用价值。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has positive and obvious effects. Eight beam radiation directions are realized by controlling the switch on and off, realizing omnidirectional scanning in the vertical plane, and extending the scanning dimension of the antenna from the plane where the antenna is located to the plane perpendicular to the antenna, under two different working frequency bands It is divided into two scanning methods: rough scan and fine scan, which expands the application range of the antenna and can meet the needs of different environments. The design of the DC bias circuit of the antenna is simple, the structure of the antenna is compact, and it has good application value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为背景技术一种具有频率和波束可重构特性的圆形天线的正面结构图；Fig. 1 is a front structural diagram of a circular antenna with frequency and beam reconfigurable characteristics in the background technology;
图2为本发明实施例的正面结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the front structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例的反面结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the reverse structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例的侧面结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the side structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例的仿真回波损耗；Fig. 5 is the simulation return loss of the embodiment of the present invention;
其中图5(a)是天线工作在模式1时的仿真回波损耗，图5(b)是天线工作在模式2时的仿真回波损耗，图5(c)是天线工作在模式3时的仿真回波损耗，图5(d)是天线工作在模式4时的仿真回波损耗，图5(e)是天线工作在模式5时的仿真回波损耗，图5(f)是天线工作在模式6时的仿真回波损耗，图5(g)是天线工作在模式7时的仿真回波损耗，图5(h)是天线工作在模式8时的仿真回波损耗；Among them, Figure 5(a) is the simulated return loss when the antenna works in mode 1, Figure 5(b) is the simulated return loss when the antenna works in mode 2, and Figure 5(c) is the simulated return loss when the antenna works in mode 3 Simulated return loss, Figure 5(d) is the simulated return loss when the antenna works in mode 4, Figure 5(e) is the simulated return loss when the antenna works in mode 5, Figure 5(f) is the simulated return loss when the antenna works in The simulated return loss when the mode is 6, Fig. 5 (g) is the simulated return loss when the antenna works in the mode 7, and Fig. 5 (h) is the simulated return loss when the antenna works in the mode 8;
图6为本发明实施例天线模式一的E面方向图；FIG. 6 is an E-plane pattern diagram of an antenna pattern 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
其中图6(a)是天线5.3GHz时的E面方向图，其中图6(b)是天线4.6GHz时的E面方向图；Figure 6(a) is the E-plane pattern of the antenna at 5.3GHz, and Figure 6(b) is the E-plane pattern of the antenna at 4.6GHz;
图7为本发明实施例天线在5.3GHz时的H面方向图；Fig. 7 is the H-plane pattern of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 5.3 GHz;
其中图7(a)是天线工作在模式1时的H面方向图，图7(b)是天线工作在模式2时的H面方向图，图7(c)是天线工作在模式3时的H面方向图，图7(d)是天线工作在模式4时的H面方向图，图7(e)是天线工作在模式5时z的H面方向图，图7(f)是天线工作在模式6时的H面方向图，图7(g)是天线工作在模式8时的H面方向图；Among them, Figure 7(a) is the H-plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 1, Figure 7(b) is the H-plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 2, and Figure 7(c) is the H-plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 3 The H plane pattern, Figure 7(d) is the H plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 4, Figure 7(e) is the H plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 5, and Figure 7(f) is the antenna working pattern The H plane pattern in mode 6, Figure 7(g) is the H plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 8;
图8为本发明实施例天线在4.6GHz时的H面方向图；Fig. 8 is the H-plane pattern of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 4.6 GHz;
其中图8(a)是天线工作在模式1时的H面方向图，图8(b)是天线工作在模式3时的H面方向图，图8(c)是天线工作在模式5时的H面方向图，图8(d)是天线工作在模式7时的H面方向图。Among them, Figure 8(a) is the H-plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 1, Figure 8(b) is the H-plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 3, and Figure 8(c) is the H-plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 5 H-plane pattern, Figure 8(d) is the H-plane pattern when the antenna works in mode 7.
图中：1.延长段，2.第二高阻抗线，3.PIN二极管，4.第一高阻抗线，5.电感，6.寄生贴片主体，7.中层绝缘基板，8.表层绝缘基板，9.金属通孔，10.贴片振子，11.金属接地板，12.金属贴片，13.同轴馈线。In the figure: 1. Extension section, 2. Second high impedance line, 3. PIN diode, 4. First high impedance line, 5. Inductance, 6. Parasitic patch body, 7. Middle insulating substrate, 8. Surface insulation Substrate, 9. Metal through hole, 10. SMD vibrator, 11. Metal ground plate, 12. Metal patch, 13. Coaxial feeder.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明以扫描方式1的频段为5.2-5.4G，扫描方式2的频段为4.4-4.8G的实施例加以说明。The present invention is described in an embodiment in which the frequency band of scanning mode 1 is 5.2-5.4G, and the frequency band of scanning mode 2 is 4.4-4.8G.
天线的结构如图2-图4所示，包括：带馈电输入口的矩形中层绝缘基板7及设于其上表面的贴片振子10、设于其下表面的金属接地板11，紧贴于中层绝缘基板7上下表面的四块矩形表层绝缘基板8及设于其表面的寄生贴片、PIN二极管开关3、控制开关的偏置电路。贴片振子10、寄生贴片、金属接地板11、第一高阻抗线4、第二高阻抗线2及金属贴片12均为厚度为0.07mm的铜箔；中层绝缘基板7、表层绝缘基板8相对介电常数均为2.2、厚度均为1mm，中层绝缘基板7的尺寸为40×30mm2。同一平面的表层绝缘基板之间的距离为6mm；同轴馈线13的特性阻抗为50Ω；金属通孔9直径为0.5mm，距离天线中心点的距离为4mm；同一平面寄生贴片之间的距离为8mm；金属贴片振子10的尺寸为26×2mm2；地板11的尺寸为10×6mm2；寄生贴片主体6的尺寸为20×2mm2，延长段1的尺寸为5×2mm2，寄生贴片主体6和延长段1之间的间隙为1mm；金属贴片12的尺寸均为1×1mm2；第一高阻抗线4的尺寸为10×0.4mm2；第二高阻抗线2的尺寸为2×0.4mm2；电感的值为L＝1mH；PIN二极管3的正极连接寄生贴片主体，负极连接延长段。The structure of the antenna is shown in Figures 2-4, including: a rectangular middle insulating substrate 7 with a feed input port, a chip vibrator 10 on its upper surface, and a metal ground plate 11 on its lower surface, close to the The four rectangular surface insulating substrates 8 on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle insulating substrate 7 and the parasitic patch, PIN diode switch 3 and bias circuit for controlling the switch are arranged on the surface. SMD vibrator 10, parasitic patch, metal ground plate 11, first high impedance line 4, second high impedance line 2 and metal patch 12 are all copper foils with a thickness of 0.07mm; middle insulating substrate 7, surface insulating substrate 8 have a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 1 mm, and the size of the middle insulating substrate 7 is 40×30 mm2 . The distance between the surface insulating substrates on the same plane is 6mm; the characteristic impedance of the coaxial feeder 13 is 50Ω; the diameter of the metal through hole 9 is 0.5mm, and the distance from the center point of the antenna is 4mm; the distance between the parasitic patches on the same plane The size of the metal patch vibrator 10 is 26×2mm2 ; the size of the floor 11 is 10×6mm2 ; the size of the parasitic patch body 6 is 20×2mm2 , and the size of the extension section 1 is 5×2mm2 , The gap between the parasitic patch body 6 and the extension section 1 is 1mm; the size of the metal patch 12 is 1×1mm2 ; the size of the first high-impedance line 4 is 10×0.4mm2 ; the second high-impedance line 2 The size of the PIN diode 3 is 2×0.4mm2 ; the value of the inductance is L=1mH; the anode of the PIN diode 3 is connected to the main body of the parasitic patch, and the cathode is connected to the extension.
将3V的直流电源的正极连接在第一高阻抗线末端的焊盘上，负极连接在第二高阻抗线末端的焊盘上，利用直流电源分别控制8只二极管的通断，实现天线在8种模式下的工作。每条寄生贴片的两个二极管同时通断，方能达到设计的功能。将右边上层介质基板上表面的二极管、左边上层介质基板上表面的二极管、左边下层介质基板下表面的二极管和右边下层介质基板下表面的二极管分别编号为3-1、3-2、3-3和3-4，则二极管的通断状态与天线模式的对应关系如下表所示，表中On表示开关导通，Off表示开关截止。Connect the positive pole of the 3V DC power supply to the pad at the end of the first high-impedance line, and connect the negative pole to the pad at the end of the second high-impedance line, and use the DC power supply to control the on-off of 8 diodes to realize the antenna in 8 work in this mode. The two diodes of each parasitic patch are turned on and off at the same time to achieve the designed function. Number the diodes on the upper surface of the right upper dielectric substrate, the diodes on the upper surface of the left upper dielectric substrate, the diodes on the lower surface of the left lower dielectric substrate, and the diodes on the lower surface of the right lower dielectric substrate respectively as 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 and 3-4, the corresponding relationship between the on-off state of the diode and the antenna mode is shown in the following table. In the table, On means that the switch is on, and Off means that the switch is off.
8种模式的回波损耗仿真结果如图5所示，图5(a)显示模式1的工作频段为4.3-5.5G，图5(b)显示模式2的工作频段为5.1-5.4G，图5(c)显示模式3的工作频段为4.2-5.4G,图5(d)显示模式4的工作频段为5.1-5.5G,图5(e)显示模式5的工作频段为4.3-5.5G,图5(f)显示模式6的工作频段为4.7-5.5G,图5(g)显示模式7的工作频段为4.4-4.8G,图5(h)显示模式8的工作频段为4.7-5.5G。The return loss simulation results of the eight modes are shown in Figure 5. Figure 5(a) shows that the working frequency band of mode 1 is 4.3-5.5G, and Figure 5(b) shows that the working frequency band of mode 2 is 5.1-5.4G. 5(c) shows that the working frequency band of mode 3 is 4.2-5.4G, Fig. 5(d) shows that the working frequency band of mode 4 is 5.1-5.5G, and Fig. 5(e) shows that the working frequency band of mode 5 is 4.3-5.5G, Figure 5(f) shows that the working frequency band of mode 6 is 4.7-5.5G, Figure 5(g) shows that the working frequency band of mode 7 is 4.4-4.8G, and Figure 5(h) shows that the working frequency band of mode 8 is 4.7-5.5G .
图6为天线模式一的E面方向图，图6(a)显示天线在5.3GHz时的E面方向图3dB波瓣宽度为64.3°，图6(b)显示天线在4.6GHz时的E面方向图3dB波瓣宽度为66.8°。天线的8种模式中除模式7之外工作频率均包含5.2-5.4G，此为扫描方式1，在竖直平面内具有7种波束指向,此为细扫方式,细扫方式下各波束模式的H面方向图如图7所示，7种波束可以覆盖整个平面。模式1、3、5、7的工作频段均包含4.4-4.8G，此为扫描方式2，在竖直平面内具有4种波束指向，此为粗扫方式，其在4.6G时各波束模式的H面方向图如图8所示,4种波束可以覆盖整个平面。Figure 6 is the E-plane pattern of antenna mode 1. Figure 6(a) shows the E-plane pattern of the antenna at 5.3GHz with a 3dB lobe width of 64.3°. Figure 6(b) shows the E-plane pattern of the antenna at 4.6GHz The 3dB lobe width of the pattern is 66.8°. Among the 8 modes of the antenna, except mode 7, the working frequency includes 5.2-5.4G. This is the scanning mode 1, and there are 7 beam directions in the vertical plane. This is the fine scanning mode, and each beam mode in the fine scanning mode The pattern of the H plane is shown in Figure 7, and the seven beams can cover the entire plane. The working frequency bands of modes 1, 3, 5, and 7 all include 4.4-4.8G. This is the scanning mode 2. There are 4 beam directions in the vertical plane. This is the rough scanning mode. The H-plane pattern is shown in Figure 8, and the four beams can cover the entire plane.
该实施例的仿真结果显示，天线的两种扫描方式均实现了天线在H面内的全向扫描，此外，该天线的直流偏置电路设计简单，天线结构紧凑，具有很好的应用价值。The simulation results of this embodiment show that the two scanning modes of the antenna can realize the omnidirectional scanning of the antenna in the H plane. In addition, the design of the DC bias circuit of the antenna is simple, and the structure of the antenna is compact, which has good application value.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410031281.7ACN103794879B (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2014-01-23 | The miniaturized H face omnidirectional scanning beam switchable antenna perpendicular to antenna plane |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410031281.7ACN103794879B (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2014-01-23 | The miniaturized H face omnidirectional scanning beam switchable antenna perpendicular to antenna plane |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103794879A CN103794879A (en) | 2014-05-14 |
| CN103794879Btrue CN103794879B (en) | 2016-02-03 |
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| CN201410031281.7AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103794879B (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2014-01-23 | The miniaturized H face omnidirectional scanning beam switchable antenna perpendicular to antenna plane |
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