A kind of generation of virtual device and dispositions methodTechnical field
The invention belongs to virtual computer environment technical field is and in particular to a kind of generation of virtual device and deployment sideMethod.
Background technology
At present, Intel Virtualization Technology is more and more extensive in the application of IT field.With multiple nucleus system in recent years, cluster, grid withAnd the widespread deployment of cloud computing, advantage in business application for the Intel Virtualization Technology increasingly embodies, and not only reduces IT cost, andAlso enhance security of system and reliability, during virtualized concept is also gradually deep into the daily work of people and lives.
We are primarily referred to as platform virtualization technology at usually said virtualization, by using control program, hide specificThe real physical characteristics of calculating platform, provide the user abstract, the unified, computing environment of simulation, and referred to as virtual machine is virtualThe operating system run in machine is referred to as Client OS；The actual physical machine running virtual machine we term it main frame,The operating system running monitor of virtual machine is referred to as host operating system.
In virtual computation environmental, the exploitation of application software, distribution, the subject matter that runs into is during deployment：
(1) develop difficulty, show that development and application software must take into and take into account multiple platforms, such as Windows, Linux etc.,It is also noted that the different editions of each platform, such as Windows XP, Windows7 etc..
(2) deployment trouble, the installation of application is generally difficult to avoid complex steps, and training difficulty is it is easy to occur problem.
(3) difficult in maintenance, provide an application not only to include the software of application software developer, also include operating system,Data base, middleware, developing instrument collection etc., these factors are all the maintenance of software and upgrading brings risk.
For solving the difficulty of applied software development deployment, in virtual computation environmental, it is possible to use virtual device technology.EmptyIntend device, be a pre-configured software stack, including one or more virtual machines, and wherein each virtual machine can be certainlyRun, and from tape operation system and related application, and its required virtual resource clear and definite.Virtual device and common virtualMachine is compared, and it all has certain advantage at the aspect such as cross-platform, the support to multi-layer framework, pre-configured and pre-optimized.SpecificallyBe embodied in following some：
One is that exploitation is simple.Because developer can limit operating system, the middleware data that application software is runThe version of the softwares such as storehouse, such as SLES 11, WAS 7 and DB2 9.7 etc., are so effectively reduced the scope of exploitation and test, fromAnd greatly reduce application and development and the difficulty tested and complexity.
Two is that deployment is simple.When disposing using virtual device mode, according to first installation operation system, then centre need not be installedPart, data base, the mode finally installing application software is disposed, but direct deployment becomes complete application system, can be byThe original work needing several days shortens to a few minutes, original tens step operations can be simplified to a step.
Three is to safeguard simply.Because whole virtual device is from same software developer (ISV), anySoftware upgrading and technical support, as long as all He one ISV contact is just permissible, simplify related procedure.
Open virtual machine form (OVF, Open Virtualization Format) is promoted to the demand of virtual deviceBirth.Publisher's distributed task management group (DMTF, Distributed Management Task Force) of OVF isOne non-profit-making industry member cooperative association.The design concept major embodiment of OVF this six aspects below：
(1) it is conveniently distributed：Support the safety measures such as certification and the integrity check of virtual device, and software license is providedAdministrative mechanism；
(2) multiple frameworks are supported：Including single virtual machine, multiple virtual machine or multilamellar (Multi-Tier) framework；
(3) cross-platform：OVF agreement does not rely on specific virtual platform, such as VMware or Xen；
(4) open protocol：OVF agreement is the product of cooperation between several big virtualization technology suppliers of industry, and encouragesMore enterprises participate；
(5) expansible：OVF agreement can not only meet existing requirement, and constantly sends out to meet virtual device technologyExhibition and some special needs, it also supports a certain degree of extension；
(6) support localization：The user that those non-English speaking countries can be helped advantageously is used by this.
Following some master files are comprised in one OVF bag：
(1) OVF describes file：Commonly referred to " OVF envelope ", it is an XML document, for defining whole virtual deviceIngredient (such as virtual machine), and the characteristic of each ingredient and resource requirement, suffix entitled " .ovf "；
(2) virtual disk files：The i.e. binary system disk mirroring of virtual machine；
(3) inventory file：Inventory comprises SHA-1 summary (also referred to as " verification and ") of each file in OVF bag, and its effect is trueThe integrity of Bao Bao, suffix entitled " .mf "；
(4) certificate file：Effect is to guarantee the credible of whole virtual device by being digitally signed to inventory fileProperty, with the X.509 certificate form storage of base64 coding, suffix entitled " .cert "；
(5) OVF environment (Environment) file：The XML document of one key assignments (Key-Value) form, for settingWith the configuration safeguarding software on virtual machine, suffix entitled " .env ".
Existing virtual device is a complete application system in itself, has been completed installation and the configuration of software.?A small amount of operating system basic configuration can only be changed, such as IP address, CPU number etc. during deployment.Virtual device technology exists at presentIt is used widely in business software, such as VMware, the company such as IBM, Oracle is all the application software of oneself with virtual deviceForm issue.User by network download virtual device, be deployed in virtual computation environmental, start virtual machine so that it may so thatWith corresponding software it is not necessary to consider physical machine, operating system, run the software and hardware compatibling problems such as lab environment it is not required that enteringThe installation configuration of row software.
Virtual device comprises to run the full content of virtual machine, including operating system, data base, middleware and application in itselfSoftware etc..But at present, the requirement to hard drive space for the operating system constantly becomes big, in the case that such as Windows XP typical case installsNeed hundreds of MB, Windows7 needs about 5～6GB, acceptance of the bid kylin (SuSE) Linux OS needs about 2～3G.Relatively andSpeech, the volume of application software is much smaller, typically not greater than 100MB.Many times, the void that different information systeies is usedIntend device, the operating system being used is identical (being all such as Windows 2003), different is application software part.In this case, if issuing multiple virtual devices, then actually, under identical basic operating system file is repeatedSend out repeatedly.When issuing using network transmission mode, the network bandwidth can be caused to repeat to take the prolongation of data transmission time；?When issuing using CD or portable hard drive mode, hard-disk capacity can be caused waste.
Therefore, need a kind of dispositions method based on virtual device of development badly, for deployment information in virtual computation environmentalThe demand of system, solves device file in existing commercialization virtual device technology excessive, to the transmission bandwidth larger, transmission time of requirementLonger, and the problem that hard-disk capacity wastes.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of dispositions method based on virtual device, to improve virtual deviceDeployment efficiency, reduce device distribution when disk size and network bandwidth requirement.
In order to realize this purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：
A kind of generation of virtual device and dispositions method, by the complete virtual machine image that virtual device is used,It is decomposed into foundation formss and two parts of business device, effectively reduce while ensureing virtual device complete function and need to distributeVirtual device file volume, specifically include following steps：
(1) dispose virtual computation environmental
(1.1) dispose physical host：Virtual master with the virtual machine manager based on kernel as virtualization layer installed aboveMachine server OS, and run Agent, with management server communication, realize control function；
(1.2) dispose management server：Run virtualization management tool software in management server, and data base supportsSoftware；
(2) generation and the deployment work(of virtual device under the support of virtual computation environmental, is realized by virtual device moduleCan, it is respectively provided with following virtual device module：
(2.1) common template storehouse：By template generation virtual machine therein；Template is to be mounted with basic operating systemVirtual machine image file；
(2.2) component inventory：It is used for preserving all of virtual device of virtual computation environmental, provide business fortune by virtual deviceRow ability；Each virtual device all installation operation system and service application software in advance, and its required void clear and definiteIntend resource；
(2.3) device generation container：By the template establishment intermediateness virtual machine in device generation container, install and joinPut application software, intermediateness virtual machine is converted to virtual device；Device generation container includes：Command analysis device；Template fillsLoad program；Device generation program；
(2.4) device group packaging container：Virtual device, assembly device, go forward side by side line activating and base are loaded into from component inventory by itThis configuration, is published to the application having configured in virtual computation environmental；Device group packaging container includes：Command analysis device, device solutionAnalysis program, device linkage editor, device activation program, auto configurator, device issues program；
(2.5) performance element：Virtual machine is called come the front-end user interface of virtual computation environmental and other module by itPart runs the interface of module, calls virtual device to run module according to operational order；
(3) utilize front-end user interface, create and generate virtual device：
(3.1) essential information of virtual device is inputted by front-end user interface；
(3.2) use front-end user interface, by performance element, call the command analysis device of device generation container；
(3.3) template load module is loaded into template from common template storehouse, generates interim intermediateness virtual machine；MiddleThe virtual disk files of state virtual machine include 2 parts：Basic templates file and disk differential file, wherein basic templates fileIt is the template in common template storehouse, the difference section of disk differential file record magnetic disk of virtual machine and common template；
(3.4) by virtual machine active program, virtual machine is started, be delivered for use；
(3.5) in intermediate state virtual machine, application software is installed, and carries out functional verification；
(3.6) device generation program saves as virtual device the virtual disk files of intermediate state virtual machine；When stored,Only preserve disk differential file, do not preserve basic templates file.
(4) dispose virtual device：
When the virtual device being saved in component inventory is published to use in virtual computation environmental, by front-end user interfaceExecute mapping out the work of virtual device：
(4.1) pass through front-end user interface, using performance element, call the command analysis device of device group packaging container；
(4.2) after being loaded into virtual device, by device analysis program, virtual device is untied, the virtual machine institute of parsing deviceThe template using；
(4.3) configuration according to device, template assemblies program is loaded into corresponding operating system template from common template storehouse,And it is combined into complete virtual machine image with the disk differential file business device file in device；
(4.4) according to the configuration of device, the resource distribution according to requirement on devices starts virtual machine to device activation program；
(4.5) auto configurator, according to the configuration of user, changes the basic configuration of virtual machine, including IP address, main frameName, user cipher；
(4.6) device issues program is published to the virtual device having activated in virtual computation environmental, provides service.
Further, the automatically generating and dispositions method of a kind of virtual device as above, in step (2.1), virtualComputing environment provide various criterion operating system template it is ensured that non-commensurate deployment virtual computation environmental used in templateIdentical.
Further, the automatically generating and dispositions method of a kind of virtual device as above, in step (2.2), deviceThe source of the virtual device in storehouse includes 2 kinds：Other units issue, generation in this virtual computation environmental.
Further, the automatically generating and dispositions method of a kind of virtual device as above, in step (3.1), virtualThe essential information of device includes title, function declaration.
Further, the automatically generating and dispositions method of a kind of virtual device as above, in step (3.5), userThe installation method installing application software in intermediate state virtual machine is selected from one of following two methods：From section server peaceFill, file is copied directly in virtual machine image.
Technical solution of the present invention is passed through to propose assembled virtual device modelling technique, and using virtual device technology, solving shouldWith the problem that the submission of software, deployment, configuration are difficult time-consuming, and it is excessive to solve virtual device volume in existing commercial technology, underThe problem of hardly possible of feeling sleepy, the concentration being capable of applying issues, and zero configuration is disposed, and Quick thread, thus solve application softwareDeployment issue.And this assembled virtual device technology can be applicable to basic software and application software in virtual computation environmentalDeployment.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is device generation flow chart in technical solution of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is device assembling flow path figure in technical solution of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The automatically generating and dispositions method, by the complete virtual machine mirror that virtual device is used of a kind of virtual devicePicture, is decomposed into foundation formss and two parts of business device, to realize automatically generating and disposing of virtual device, specifically include withLower step：
(1) dispose virtual computation environmental
(1.1) dispose physical host：Virtual master with the virtual machine manager based on kernel as virtualization layer installed aboveMachine server OS, and run Agent, with management server communication, realize control function；
(1.2) dispose management server：Operate above by virtualization management tool software, and data base's support programs；
(2) generation and the deployment work(of virtual device under the support of virtual computation environmental, is realized by virtual device moduleCan, it is respectively provided with following virtual device module：
(2.1) common template storehouse：By template generation virtual machine therein；Template is to be mounted with basic operating systemVirtual machine image file；Virtual computation environmental provide various criterion operating system template it is ensured that non-commensurate deployment voidUsed in intending computing environment, template is identical.
(2.2) component inventory：It is used for preserving all of virtual device of virtual computation environmental, provide business fortune by virtual deviceRow ability；Each virtual device all installation operation system and service application software in advance, and its required void clear and definiteIntend resource；The source of the virtual device in component inventory includes 2 kinds：Other units issue, generation in this virtual computation environmental's.
(2.3) device generation container：By the template establishment intermediateness virtual machine in device generation container, install and joinPut application software, intermediateness virtual machine is converted to virtual device；
As shown in figure 1, device generation container includes：Command analysis device；Template load module；Device generation program；
(2.4) device group packaging container：Virtual device, assembly device, go forward side by side line activating and base are loaded into from component inventory by itThis configuration, is published to the application having configured in virtual computation environmental；
As shown in Fig. 2 device assembler includes：Command analysis device, device analysis program, device linkage editor, device swashThe program of living, auto configurator, device issues program；
(2.5) performance element：Virtual machine is called come the front-end user interface of virtual computation environmental and other module by itPart runs the interface of module, calls virtual device to run module according to operational order；
(3) utilize front-end user interface, create and generate virtual device：
(3.1) essential information of virtual device is inputted by front-end user interface；The essential information of virtual device includes nameTitle, function declaration.
(3.2) use front-end user interface, by performance element, call the command analysis device of device generation container；
(3.3) template load module is loaded into template from common template storehouse, generates interim intermediateness virtual machine；MiddleThe virtual disk files of state virtual machine include 2 parts：Basic templates file and disk differential file, wherein basic templates fileIt is the template in common template storehouse, the difference section of disk differential file record magnetic disk of virtual machine and common template；
(3.4) by virtual machine active program, virtual machine is started, be delivered for use；
(3.5) in intermediate state virtual machine, application software is installed, and carries out functional verification；
The installation method that user installs application software in intermediate state virtual machine is selected from one of following two methods：FromSection server is installed, file is copied directly in virtual machine image.
(3.6) device generation program saves as virtual device the virtual disk files of intermediate state virtual machine；When stored,Only preserve disk differential file, do not preserve basic templates file；
(4) dispose virtual device：
When the virtual device being saved in component inventory is published to use in virtual computation environmental, by front-end user interfaceExecute mapping out the work of virtual device：
(4.1) pass through front-end user interface, using performance element, call the command analysis device of device group packaging container；
(4.2) after being loaded into virtual device, by device analysis program, virtual device is untied, the virtual machine institute of parsing deviceThe template using；
(4.3) configuration according to device, template assemblies program is loaded into corresponding operating system template from common template storehouse,It is combined into complete virtual machine image with the disk differential file business device file in device；
(4.4) according to the configuration of device, the resource distribution according to requirement on devices starts virtual machine to device activation program；
(4.5) auto configurator, according to the configuration of user, changes the basic configuration of virtual machine, including IP address, main frameName, user cipher；
(4.6) device issues program is published to the virtual device having activated in virtual computation environmental, provides service.