Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is to overcome the shortcoming of high, the complicated operation of required precision of existing peritoneal dialysis transfusion system complex structure, processing, provide a kind of structure simple, be easy to processing and the small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of simple operation.
Small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention, passage is arranged in the filling comprised for being connected with human abdominal cavity, for the liquid feeding channel that the waste discharge passage being carried out from the liquid that intraperitoneal is discharged by the row's of filling passage discharging is connected with the liquid bag be used for hold dialysis solution, described filling row passage, waste discharge passage and liquid feeding channel are connected correspondingly with three liquid stream ports of the first three-way valve and connection in realizing passage at least between two between each two respective channel under a certain state, described filling row passage is also provided with the row's of filling pump, described filling row pump is that two-way pump is to control the row of filling passage liquid stream direction, described liquid feeding channel is also provided with the heater for heating dialysis solution and described dialysis solution is pumped into the heat pump of described heater, described liquid feeding channel is also provided with the second three-way valve, described second three-way valve is between described first three-way valve and described heat pump, two liquid stream ports of described second three-way valve are all connected with described liquid feeding channel, another liquid stream port of described second three-way valve is connected with circulation canal, described circulation canal is connected with described liquid feeding channel.
As preferably, between described at least two respective channel the connection of a certain state comprise fill with row passage be communicated with between waste discharge passage, the row's of filling passage is communicated with between liquid feeding channel, be communicated with between liquid feeding channel with waste discharge passage, or passage and being communicated with between waste discharge passage and liquid feeding channel three passages are arranged in filling.
As preferably, described first three-way valve and the second three-way valve include valve body and spool, described spool has at least three and communicates with each other and through liquid flowing channel, and described valve body is provided with three with two liquid flowing channels each in the liquid flowing channel between two of described liquid flowing channel at the corresponding described liquid stream port be communicated with of different conditions.
As preferably, the valve body of described first three-way valve and the second three-way valve is the cylindric valve body with inner core, described first three-way valve and the second three-way valve spool be the inwall being positioned at described valve body and being close to described valve body, relative to the cylindrical spool that described valve body rotates, described spool has three and communicates with each other and through described liquid flowing channel, three described liquid flowing channels form "T"-shaped or " Y " shape in the projection of horizontal plane, and the length of T-shaped or Y shape two arm portions is equal with the length of vertical section, described valve body is provided with three with two liquid flowing channels each in the liquid flowing channel between two of described liquid flowing channel at the corresponding described liquid stream port be communicated with of different conditions.
As preferably, described spool is connected with the driving device driving described Spool rotating, when three described liquid flowing channels form " Y " in the projection of horizontal plane, angle between the projection of wherein two liquid flowing channels is 60 °, and the angle between the projection of the projection of another liquid flowing channel and these two liquid flowing channels is 150 °.
As preferably, described spool is connected with the driving device driving described Spool rotating.
As preferably, described filling row's pump and/or described heat pump are peristaltic pump or membrane pump.
As preferably, described heater is heating bag, and described heating bag comprises bag and is positioned at the heating plate of described bag one or both sides, and described bag has the inlet and liquid outlet that to be connected with feed liquid pipeline and to lead to.
As preferably, the described row's of filling passage is provided with at least one for detecting the first via pressure transducer of the pressure in the described row of filling passage, described first via pressure transducer is between abdominal cavity and the row's of filling pump, described liquid feeding channel is provided with at least one for detecting the second road pressure transducer of the pressure in described liquid feeding channel, and described waste discharge passage is provided with at least one for detecting the 3rd road pressure transducer of the pressure in described waste discharge passage.
As preferably, described first via pressure transducer and described filling are arranged between passage, between described second road pressure transducer and described liquid feeding channel and between described 3rd road pressure transducer and described waste discharge passage and are equipped with barrier film device.
As preferably, described filling row passage, liquid feeding channel and/or waste discharge passage are also provided with at least one for detecting the temperature sensor of the temperature of dialysis solution, and/or described filling is arranged passage, liquid feeding channel and/or is provided with barrier film device between waste discharge passage and the temperature sensor being located at this passage.
As preferably, described filling row's passage and/or waste discharge passage are provided with at least one flow transducer and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff, are provided with barrier film device between each passage and the flow transducer be located on this passage and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff.
As preferably, described barrier film device comprises housing and is positioned at the barrier film of described housing, and the lumen segmentation that described housing surrounds becomes by described barrier film arranges the first chamber that passage or liquid feeding channel or waste discharge passage are connected and the second chamber be connected with described temperature sensor or described pressure transducer with filling.
As preferably, described barrier film is by be discharged into without the granule come off or shot in fluid and the good material of biocompatibility is made, as silicone, polyurethane, BiopuretM, KratontM, PebaxtMor SantoprenetMin any one material make.
As preferably, the liquid conveying system of described peritoneal dialysis also comprises control device, and the driving device of described control device and described first via pressure transducer, the second road pressure transducer, the 3rd road pressure transducer, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the row's of filling pump and heat pump are connected with the driving device controlling the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve according to the relation between the pressure of the row's of filling passage, liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage or each channel pressure, the row's of filling pump and heat pump.
As preferably, described control device is also connected to control the first three-way valve and/or the second three-way valve and/or the row's of filling pump and/or heat pump and/or heater according to the temperature of dialysis solution with described temperature sensor and heater.
As preferably, the flow transducer of described control device and the described row's of filling passage and/or waste discharge channel setting and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff are connected.
As preferably, the described row of filling passage, liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage are made up of the tube for transfusion be tightly connected with described first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and heater.
As preferably, described filling row passage, liquid feeding channel, waste discharge passage, pump line and three-way valve are integrated in a replaceable cartridge.
As preferably, described heater comprises to be located in described replaceable cartridge and the water back allowing described dialysis solution to pass through and being located at for the heating plate of the dialysis solution transferring heat in described water back or heating film in described replaceable cartridge, and the inlet of described water back is all connected with described liquid feeding channel with liquid outlet.
The present invention also provides a kind of operational approach of above-mentioned small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine, comprises following operator scheme:
Circulating-heating pattern: regulate the second three-way valve that the first section of liquid feeding channel i.e. the second three-way valve is communicated with circulation canal with the section between dialyzate bag, simultaneously between the section of the second section of liquid feeding channel that is between the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve and the first section and all cut-off between the second section and circulation canal, open heat pump, dialysis solution flows out from dialyzate bag under the effect of heat pump, and flows into heater by inflow liquid feeding channel first section and circulation canal after heater heating;
Fill-up mode: be communicated with the row's of filling passage and human abdominal cavity, regulate the first three-way valve make filling arrange passage with the second section of liquid feeding channel communicate, between waste discharge passage and the second section of liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage and fill with arrange between passage all cut-off, regulate the second three-way valve that the second section of liquid feeding channel is communicated with the first section, open the operative orientation that the row's of filling pump also sets the row's of filling pump, the operative orientation of the row's of filling pump makes dialysis solution by the first section of liquid feeding channel, second three-way valve, second section of liquid feeding channel and the first three-way valve enter the row's of filling passage and flow to the abdominal cavity of human body, thus realize dialysis solution to be injected in human abdominal cavity,
Waste discharge pattern: regulate the first three-way valve to make filling arrange passage and waste discharge channel connection, second section of liquid feeding channel and filling are arranged between passage and between liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage and are cut off, make the rotation direction of filling row pump contrary with the operative orientation under fill-up mode, make Intraabdominal liquid enter waste discharge passage by the row's of filling passage, the first three-way valve and flow out, thus realize Intraabdominal waste liquid to excrete.
As preferably; also comprise overtemperature protection pattern: when the temperature of the dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel or the row's of filling passage is higher than when pouring into the temperature range required; close the row's of filling pump and heater; regulating three-way valve; liquid feeding channel is connected with waste discharge passage; simultaneously; fill with row passage with between liquid feeding channel and the row's of filling with passage with between waste discharge passage being communicated be cut off; overheated dialysis solution liquid self-feeding passage, three-way valve and waste discharge passage are discharged; or when the temperature range that the temperature of the dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel or the row's of filling passage requires higher than perfusion, enter waste discharge pattern.
As preferably, also there is the pattern of pipeline being carried out to pre-flush before fill-up mode, be specially: regulate the first three-way valve to make the second section of liquid feeding channel arrange passage with filling and be all communicated with waste discharge passage, the second three-way valve is regulated to make the second section of liquid feeding channel, first section and the circulation canal homogeneous phase that communicates leads to dialysis solution and to flow through from dialyzate bag under the effect of heat pump and the row's of filling pump and be full of liquid feeding channel first section, circulation canal, second three-way valve, liquid feeding channel second section, first three-way valve, the row's of filling passage and waste discharge passage are also discharged from the row's of filling passage and waste discharge passage, realize the pre-flush to pipeline.
The present invention also provides the another kind of operational approach of above-mentioned small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine, comprises following operator scheme:
Circulating-heating pattern: regulate the second three-way valve that the first section of liquid feeding channel i.e. the second three-way valve is communicated with circulation canal with the section between dialyzate bag, simultaneously between the section of the second section of liquid feeding channel that is between the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve and the first section, and second is all cut-off between section and circulation canal, open heat pump, dialysis solution flows out from dialyzate bag under the effect of heat pump, flow into heater and after heater heating, flowed into the first section and the circulation canal of liquid feeding channel, Data Control second three-way valve that control device transmits according to the temperature sensor that the first section of liquid feeding channel is arranged, heat pump and heater, in the first section of liquid feeding channel, the temperature of dialysis solution is lower than when pouring into the temperature range required, continue heating, when in the first section of liquid feeding channel, the temperature of dialysis solution meets the temperature range of perfusion requirement, enter fill-up mode,
Fill-up mode: be communicated with the row's of filling passage and human abdominal cavity, regulate the first three-way valve to make filling arrange passage to communicate with the second section of liquid feeding channel, between waste discharge passage and the second section of liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage and fill with arrange between passage all cut-off, regulate the second three-way valve that the second section of liquid feeding channel is communicated with the first section, open the operative orientation that the row's of filling pump also sets the row's of filling pump, the operative orientation of the row's of filling pump makes dialysis solution by the first section of liquid feeding channel, second three-way valve, second section of liquid feeding channel and the first three-way valve enter the row's of filling passage and flow to the abdominal cavity of human body, thus realize dialysis solution to be injected in human abdominal cavity, pressure and/or the second road pressure transducer of the liquid feeding channel of first via pressure transducer detection simultaneously detect the row's of filling channel pressure and feed back to control device, control device is according to numerical control first three-way valve received, second three-way valve, the action of the row's of filling pump and heat pump,
Waste discharge pattern: when requiring to need to discharge the waste liquid in human abdominal cavity according to treatment, control device regulates the first three-way valve to make filling arrange passage and waste discharge channel connection, second section of liquid feeding channel and filling are arranged between passage and between liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage and are cut off, make the rotation direction of filling row pump contrary with the operative orientation under fill-up mode, make Intraabdominal liquid enter waste discharge passage by the row's of filling passage, the first three-way valve and flow out, thus realize Intraabdominal waste liquid to excrete.
As preferably, when the pressure of liquid feeding channel and/or the row's of filling channel pressure numerical value reach the first setting value, control device controls small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine and enters waste discharge pattern
As preferably, control device calculates the pressure of liquid feeding channel and the pressure difference therebetween of the row's of filling passage, when difference reaches the second setting value, controls small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine and enters waste discharge pattern.
As preferably, also comprise overtemperature protection pattern: when the temperature range that the temperature of dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel or the row's of filling passage requires higher than perfusion, control device cuts out the row's of filling pump and heater according to the data of temperature sensor feedback, the first three-way valve is regulated liquid feeding channel to be connected with waste discharge passage and filling is arranged between passage and liquid feeding channel and between the row's of filling passage and waste discharge passage to cut off, control device also regulates the second three-way valve that the first section of liquid feeding channel is communicated with the second section simultaneously, make overheated dialysis solution through liquid feeding channel, second three-way valve, first three-way valve and waste discharge passage are discharged, or when the temperature range that the temperature of dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel or the row's of filling passage requires higher than perfusion, control device controls small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine and enters waste discharge pattern.
As preferably, control device calculates the amount of the dialysis solution that each perfusion uses according to the data that the flow transducer on the row's of filling passage and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff transmit and repeatedly pours into the dialysis solution cumulative amount of use, and control device can calculate amount and the repeatedly waste discharge cumulative amount of waste liquid of discharging of the waste liquid that each waste discharge is discharged according to the data that the flow transducer on waste discharge passage and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff transmit.
Compared to the prior art small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention and operational approach thereof, have following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention at least can complete by means of only the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and two-way filling row pump and pour into dialysis solution to abdominal cavity of patients, from the outside drained liquid of abdominal cavity of patients, make dialysis solution at liquid feeding channel and circulation canal internal recycle thus carry out several operations such as overtemperature protection when dialysate temperature is too high; the incompatible technology realizing the switching of multiple operation of logical groups that the valve numerous with existing dependence carries out break-make is compared; enormously simplify structure; reduce the requirement to machining accuracy; thus its cost is reduced, also make reliably easy and simple to handle simultaneously.Meanwhile, the present invention by the second three-way valve and circulation canal, can realize the circulating-heating to dialysis solution, makes by the temperature of the dialysis solution after heating more even, thus can play its function more fully.
2, simple, the reliable operation of the structure of its first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, and its spool is driven by electrohydraulic valve actuator machine, can make the spinning movement of spool more accurately, reliable.
3, its row's of filling pump and heat pump adopt membrane pump or peristaltic pump, prevent the inwall of pump from contacting with dialysis solution and polluting dialysis solution.
4, its temperature sensor and pressure transducer are all by barrier film device and expanding channels, can prevent temperature sensor from directly contacting with dialysis solution with pressure transducer and polluting dialysis solution.
5, its control device can according to the relation control valve drive motors between the pressure of the row of filling passage, liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage or each channel pressure, make the first three-way valve automatically adjust to the position of needs, avoid operator and forget or delay operating the problem produced; Control device can also according to the real-time control heater of the Temperature numerical of temperature sensor feedback, and controls whole small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine and enter perfusion state or overtemperature protection state.
Detailed description of the invention
The structural representation of Fig. 1 small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention embodiment.As shown in Figure 1, small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention, comprises the row of filling passage 1, liquid feeding channel 2 and waste discharge passage 3, and described filling row passage 1, liquid feeding channel 2 are connected with three liquid stream ports 13 of the first three-way valve 4 correspondingly with waste discharge passage 3.In the present embodiment, three liquid stream port 13 right and wrong are equally distributed.Described filling row passage 1 is also provided with the row's of filling pump 6, and described filling row pump 6 is two-way pump.Described liquid feeding channel 2 is provided with for or connects the liquid bag 7 of accommodation dialysis solution, for heating the heater 8 of the dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel 2 and the dialysis solution in described liquid bag 7 being pumped into the heat pump 9 of heater 8, in the present embodiment, heat pump 9 is between liquid bag 7 and heater 8.Described liquid feeding channel 2 is also provided with the second three-way valve 5, described second three-way valve 5 is between described first three-way valve 4 and described heat pump 9, two liquid stream ports 13 of described second three-way valve 5 are all connected with described liquid feeding channel 2, another liquid stream port 13 of described second three-way valve 5 is connected with circulation canal 32, and described circulation canal 32 is connected with described liquid feeding channel 2.In the present embodiment, the end that the second three-way valve 5 and liquid feeding channel are provided with one end of liquid bag is connected.
In the present invention, " the first three-way valve " and " the second three-way valve " refers to have at least three liquid stream ports 13, and following operation can be realized: three liquid stream ports 13 all communicate with each other, or three liquid stream ports 13 are not all communicated with, or in three liquid stream ports 13 any two are interconnected, another liquid stream port 13 is closed simultaneously.Therefore, the first three-way valve 4 of the present invention and the second three-way valve 5 can adopt the multiposition valve of various concrete form and structure, as long as realize above function.
In the present invention, between described at least two respective channel the connection of a certain state comprise fill with row passage be communicated with between waste discharge passage, the row's of filling passage is communicated with between liquid feeding channel, be communicated with between liquid feeding channel with waste discharge passage, certainly, the row's of filling passage also can all be communicated with under a certain state with between waste discharge passage and liquid feeding channel three passages.
In the present invention, " two-way pump " refer to can realize inlet be switching to liquid outlet simultaneously liquid outlet be switching to the pump of inlet, that is, the pump that flow direction can be switched in positive and negative both direction can be realized.
In the present invention, as preferred scheme, described first three-way valve 4 and the second three-way valve 5 include valve body and spool, described spool has at least three and communicates with each other and through liquid flowing channel, and described valve body is provided with three with two liquid flowing channels each in the liquid flowing channel between two of described liquid flowing channel at the corresponding described liquid stream port be communicated with of different conditions.
As further preferred, the valve body of the first three-way valve 4 and the second three-way valve 5 is the cylindric valve body 10 with inner core, spool is be positioned at described valve body 10 and can be close to the inwall of described valve body 10, the cylindrical spool 11 relative to described valve body 10 rotation, as shown in Figure 7, described spool 11 has three and communicates with each other and through liquid flowing channel 12, three liquid flowing channels 12 form "T"-shaped or " Y " shape in the projection of horizontal plane, and the length of T-shaped or Y shape two arm portions is equal with the length of vertical section.In the present embodiment, three liquid flowing channels 12 form "T"-shaped in the projection of horizontal plane, and wherein two liquid flowing channels 12 are arranged in same level, and another liquid flowing channel 12 is arranged on another horizontal plane.Described valve body 10 is provided with three with two liquid flowing channels each in the liquid flowing channel between two of described liquid flowing channel at the corresponding described liquid stream port 13 be communicated with of different conditions.
In other examples, three liquid flowing channels also can form " Y " shape (not shown) jointly, as, when three described liquid flowing channels form " Y " in the projection of horizontal plane, angle between the projection of wherein two liquid flowing channels is 60 °, angle between the projection of the projection of another liquid flowing channel and these two liquid flowing channels is 150 °, also can be other angles between certain three liquid flowing channels.
Certainly, spool also can arrange more liquid flowing channel, and liquid flowing channel can evenly be arranged, and also can non-homogeneously arrange, as long as can realize several situations communicating or disconnect between above-mentioned said three liquid stream ports.
By above scheme, small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention at least can realize following operation: pour into dialysis solution to abdominal cavity of patients, from the outside drained liquid of abdominal cavity of patients, to dialysis solution circulating-heating.
Small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention also can realize pre-flush operation, Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention when carrying out pre-flush channel operation, as shown in Figure 3, when pre-flush is carried out to passage, three liquid flowing channels 12 of the first three-way valve 4 are relative one by one with three liquid stream ports 13, as shown in several 1st figure left in Fig. 2, liquid feeding channel 2, the row's of filling passage 1 and waste discharge passage 3 are all communicated with each other.Simultaneously three liquid flowing channels 12 and three liquid stream ports 13 of the second three-way valve 5 one by one the relative liquid feeding channel 2 that makes be communicated with circulation canal 32.The now row's of filling pump 6 forward running makes liquid to the left flowing in figure.Dialysis solution under the effect of heat pump 9 after liquid feeding channel 2 and the second three-way valve 5, one tunnel enters circulation canal 32 thus is full of circulation canal 32 and liquid feeding channel 2, another road is divided into two-way again after entering the second three-way valve, wherein a road enters waste discharge passage 3 and is full of waste discharge passage 3, another road enters liquid feeding channel 1 and is full of liquid feeding channel 1, and the flow direction of dialysis solution as indicated by the arrows in fig. 3.Dialysis solution can stop pre-flush operating after being full of the row of filling passage 1, waste discharge passage 3 and circulation canal 32, and this operation can be driven the air in each passage away and be cleaned passage.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention carries out when pouring into dialysis solution operation to abdominal cavity of patients, as shown in Figure 4, when pouring into dialysis solution to abdominal cavity of patients, two liquid flowing channels 12 of the second three-way valve 5 aim at the liquid stream port 13 be connected with liquid feeding channel 2, another liquid flowing channel 12 making dialysis solution enter the first three-way valve 4, second three-way valve 5 through liquid feeding channel 2 is closed.Simultaneously, two liquid flowing channels 12 of the first three-way valve 4 are aimed at two the liquid stream ports 13 be connected with the row of filling passage 1 with liquid feeding channel 2 respectively and liquid feeding channel 2 are connected by the first three-way valve 4 with the row of filling passage 1, another liquid flowing channel 12 is closed, as shown in several 2nd figure left in Fig. 2.The now row's of filling pump 6 forward running, makes liquid to the left flowing in figure, that is, flows into the intraperitoneal of human body.The flow direction of dialysis solution as shown by the arrows in figure 4.Now can open heater to heat dialysis solution.
Fig. 5 be small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention carry out from the outside drained liquid of abdominal cavity of patients operation time schematic diagram, as shown in several 3rd figure left in Fig. 5 and Fig. 2, two liquid flowing channels 12 of the first three-way valve 4 are aimed at and are arranged two liquid stream ports 13 that passage 1 is connected with waste discharge passage 3 row's of filling passage 1 is connected by the first three-way valve 4 with waste discharge passage 3 with filling with respectively, and another liquid flowing channel 12 is closed.The row's of filling pump 6 antiport, makes the liquid stream in abdominal cavity out enter the row's of filling passage 1, and then enters waste discharge passage 3 and discharge.Now, the second three-way valve 5 can be in any position, does not all affect the waste discharge of waste discharge passage.If three liquid flowing channels 12 of the second three-way valve 5 and three liquid stream port 13 one_to_one corresponding (as shown in Figure 5), or a fluid flow passages 12 communicates with the liquid feeding channel 2 of its upstream, another liquid flowing channel 13 communicates with circulation canal 32, another liquid flowing channel 12 is closed, and can realize carrying out circulating-heating to dialysis solution while the outside drained liquid of abdominal cavity of patients.Now, the flow direction of liquid as shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention carries out when overtemperature protection operates; when the temperature of perception dialysis solution is higher than body temperature; two liquid flowing channels 12 of the second three-way valve 5 are made to aim at two the liquid stream ports 13 be connected with liquid feeding channel 2 respectively; another liquid flowing channel 12 is closed, and makes dialysis solution enter the first three-way valve 4 through liquid feeding channel 2.Make two liquid flowing channels 12 of the first three-way valve 4 aim at two the liquid stream ports 13 be connected with waste discharge passage 3 with liquid feeding channel 2 respectively makes liquid feeding channel 2 be connected by the first three-way valve 4 with waste discharge passage 3 simultaneously, another liquid flowing channel 12 is closed, as shown in several 4th figure left in Fig. 2.Now, the row's of filling pump 6 is out of service, and heat pump runs.As shown by the arrow in fig. 6, dialysis solution is discharged through waste discharge passage 3, prevents the dialysis solution higher than body temperature from entering human body and works the mischief to health of human body.The overtemperature protection operation of small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention, compared with existing mode of being drained by overheated dialysis solution, can avoid the waste of expensive dialysis solution.
Small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention can complete above-mentioned all operations by means of only two three-way valve, two-way filling row's pump and unidirectional heat pump, carry out the incompatible realization perfusion of different logical groups with existing dependence tens valves to compare with the technology of waste discharge, enormously simplify structure, reduce the requirement to machining accuracy, thus its cost is reduced, also make reliably easy and simple to handle simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, first three-way valve 4 is identical with the structure of the second three-way valve 5, be described for the structure of the first three-way valve 4 below, the spool rear end 11a connecting drive device of the first three-way valve 4, driving device is preferably electrohydraulic valve actuator machine 14, as shown in Figure 7, left figure is the cross sectional representation of the first three-way valve 4, right figure is the longitudinal section of the first three-way valve 4 and the schematic diagram of electrohydraulic valve actuator machine 14, by operating valve drive motors 14, spool 11 is rotated to the position needed to carry out corresponding pre-flush, to intraperitoneal perfusion dialysis solution, from operations such as abdominal cavity drained liquid or overtemperature protections.The driving device that certain driving device also can adopt other actuatable valve cores to rotate.As, can be controlled by a mechanical energy rotary apparatus, this mechanical energy rotary apparatus is designed to a knob or rotary handle, and other mechanisms rotated by mechanical energy.
As preferably of the present invention, described filling row's pump 6 and described heat pump 9 are peristaltic pump or membrane pump, make dialysis solution can not with the contact internal walls of pump, prevent from other materials to bring in human body to work the mischief to human body.Wriggling pump structure as shown in Figure 8, left figure is the front view of peristaltic pump, right figure is the assembly structure figure of peristaltic pump, the pump drive motors 16 that peristaltic pump comprises pump head 15, flexible pump line 28 and drives pump head 15 to rotate, and pump head 15 is provided with multiple roller 17 be evenly arranged.Pump head 15 is also provided with bearing 18, and is connected with pump drive motors 16 by bearing 18.
Well-known in this area, the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis is directly related in the intraperitoneal time with iiquid residence, and the discharge stage can limit with regard to its persistent period, and this persistent period is the function of drainage rate.The initial discharge process of usual CAPD is about 200ml/min, and along with patient's intra-abdominal pressure reduces, this drainage rate also decreases, and also just directly affects whole dialysis time.Therefore, in the design of APD, how dynamic adjustments, for the pump speed of the row of filling, seems particularly important to improve dialytic efficiency.
As preferably of the present invention, the present invention gives a solution: be designed to two kinds of contact conditions between pump head 15 and pump line 28: extrusion pump tubulose state and non-extrusion pump tubulose state.Particularly, move up and down by the related pump head 15 of pump head bearing 18 conversion realizing two kinds of states, wherein further comprises pump drive motors 16 and give kinetic energy by the pinion rotation in pump head 15.
When under extrusion pump tubulose state, when pump head 15 rotates, roller 17 extrudes flexible pump line 28, the direction flowing that liquid runs down in flexible pump line 28 is extruded, the flow velocity of row's pump 6 now can be filled with by the requirement setting of anticipation, now, also by adopting high-precision numeric type, each circumfusion amount that flow type peristaltic pump calculates dialysis solution and accumulative groundwater increment.
Under non-extrusion pump tubulose state, pump head 15 pairs of pump lines 28 do not control, ensure to start to rely on Intraabdominal pressure to realize naturally draining of waste liquid in discharge process, and when intra-abdominal pressure reduces and is unworthy continuing nature excretion, change pump line again into squeezed state, now also carry out by the pressure differential between multiple pressure transducer the speed that dynamic adjustments fills with row's pump 6, the time of discharge process can be shortened on the one hand, ensure the groundwater increment dischargeable capacity of next circulation, to improve dialytic efficiency, also to ensure that drainage rate is the tolerance interval of patient safety on the other hand.After this, also by the effect of the pressure transducer described in description.
Certainly, these are only preferred scheme, other also can be adopted to make liquid and the discontiguous pump of pump, and the operation requirements of perfusion needed for peritoneal dialysis, reservation, discharge process can be met.
Heater 8 is preferably heating bag, and described heating bag comprises bag and is positioned at the heating plate of bag one or both sides, and described bag has the inlet and liquid outlet that to be connected with feed liquid pipeline and to lead to.In order to ensure the efficiency of heating surface and homogeneous heating, heating bag is including heating film or while realizing heating function by outside heating plate, structure can be designed to by the composition form of multiple dog leg piping, ensure that liquid flows into from heater 8 inlet, with one-way flow and the mode keeping given flow velocity, flow out from heater 8 liquid outlet.
As preferably, described filling row passage 1, liquid feeding channel 2 and/or waste discharge passage 3 are also provided with at least one for detecting the temperature sensor 19 of the temperature of dialysis solution.In the present embodiment, described filling row's passage 1 and liquid feeding channel 2 are equipped with a temperature sensor, and waste discharge passage 3 can be arranged also can not set temperature sensor.Temperature sensor is more reliable than the temperature of human perception dialysis solution, can detect the temperature of dialysis solution more accurately, more in time, prevent overheated or excessively cool dialysis solution from flowing into human body.Described filling is arranged passage 1, liquid feeding channel 2 and/or is provided with barrier film device between waste discharge passage 3 and the temperature sensor being located at this passage.Can prevent temperature sensor 19 from contacting with dialysis solution and polluting dialysis solution.
Well-known in this area, filling with row pressure power Measurement & Control in peritoneal dialysis process is a very important factor, if the pressure increase of particularly linking on the pipeline of patient exceeds warning restriction, may produce serious injury to patient.As preferably, the described row's of filling passage 1 is provided with the first via pressure transducer 21 for detecting the pressure in the described row of filling passage 1, described liquid feeding channel 2 is provided with the second road pressure transducer 22 for detecting the pressure in described liquid feeding channel 2, and described waste discharge passage 3 is provided with the 3rd road pressure transducer 23 for detecting the pressure in described waste discharge passage 3.Described first via pressure transducer 21 is between abdominal cavity and the row's of filling pump 6, and described second road pressure transducer 22 is between described first three-way valve 4 and described second three-way valve 5.The pressure of each passage can be known, scalable three-way valve or relevant pump when pressure is excessive, to prevent from damaging patient by each pressure transducer.In the present embodiment, be equipped with barrier film device 20 between described first via pressure transducer 21 and the described row of filling passage 1, between described second road pressure transducer 22 and described liquid feeding channel 2 and between described 3rd road pressure transducer 23 and described waste discharge passage 3, can prevent pressure transducer from directly contacting with liquid.
The above-mentioned three road pressure transducer main purposes of the present invention's design have following effect: the first, and real-time dynamic monitoring injection pressure and Intraabdominal pressure, ensure the safety of patient with this.The second, in the discharge process of peritoneal dialysis, utilize the change of pressure reduction between pressure or pipeline, calculate the output of each circulation of dialysis solution and accumulative output by current meter.
Described filling row's passage and/or waste discharge passage are provided with at least one flow transducer and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff, are provided with barrier film device between each passage and the flow transducer be located on this passage and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff.
Described barrier film device 20 comprises housing 24 and is positioned at the barrier film 25 of described housing 24, and as shown in Figure 9, housing can be the cylindricality in the left figure of figure, can also be spherical as in right figure.The lumen segmentation that described housing 24 surrounds becomes by described barrier film 25 arranges the first chamber 26 that passage 1 or liquid feeding channel 2 or waste discharge passage 3 are connected and the second chamber 27 be connected with described temperature sensor 19 or pressure transducer with filling.First chamber of barrier film device has for having the second joint 30 for being connected with temperature sensor or pressure transducer with channel attached first joint 29, second chamber.Temperature sensor 19 is by detecting the temperature of the barrier film 25 directly contacted with dialysis solution to determine the temperature of dialysis solution.Pressure transducer determines the pressure of liquid by the air pressure in the second chamber 27 of detecting the deformation of barrier film 25 or barrier film 25 deformation and causing or pressure change.Barrier film 25 is made, as being preferably by silicone, polyurethane, Biopure by being discharged into the material that in fluid, also biocompatibility is good without the granule come off or shottM, KratontM, PebaxtMor SantoprenetMin any one or several materials make.
As preferably, described small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine also comprises control device 31(as shown in Figure 10), described control device 10 and described first via pressure transducer 21, second road pressure transducer 22, 3rd road pressure transducer 23 and driving device, the row's of filling pump 6, heat pump 9 connects with the pressure of each passage of Real-Time Monitoring and arranges passage 1 according to filling, relation between the pressure of liquid feeding channel 2 and waste discharge passage 3 or each channel pressure regulates the first three-way valve 4 in time, second three-way valve 5, the row's of filling pump 6 and heat pump 9, realize dynamic adjustments fill with the flow velocity of row's pump 6 and control the state of the first three-way valve 4 and the second three-way valve 5 in real time, wherein further comprises when the position of patient relative to peritoneal dialysis machine (APD) and the change in location of dialyzate bag, and when having influence on perfusion intra-abdominal pressure, consideration should regulate the necessity of flow velocity, make pressure and flow speed control in the most rational scope, thus play the treatment function of peritoneal dialysis more fully.
In the present embodiment, described control device 31 is also connected to control the first three-way valve 4, second three-way valve 5, the row's of filling pump 6, heat pump 9 and heater 8 according to the temperature of dialysis solution with described temperature sensor 19 and heater 8.Above scheme achieves the automatic control of the liquid conveying system of peritoneal dialysis, makes the action of the first three-way valve 4 and the second three-way valve 5 in time and reliably, avoids operator and forget or delay operating the problem produced.
The flow transducer that described control device and the described row of filling passage 1 and/or liquid feeding channel 2 are arranged and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff are connected.
Small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention is arranged to pipeline type, that is, described filling row passage 1, liquid feeding channel 2 and waste discharge passage 3 are made up of tube for transfusion, and are tightly connected with the first three-way valve 4, second three-way valve 5 and heater 8, as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, described filling row passage 1, liquid feeding channel 2, waste discharge passage 3, first three-way valve 4, second three-way valve 5 and heater 8 are made up of medical-grade plastics material.
Small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine of the present invention integratedly can also be set to a replaceable cartridge, namely, described filling row passage 1, liquid feeding channel 2, waste discharge passage 3, pump line, three-way valve are integrated in a replaceable cartridge, as shown in Figure 10, during use, replaceable cartridge is matched with other devices.Described barrier film device is according to its above-mentioned design principle, also can be incorporated into or design in cartridge, temperature sensor directly can measure the temperature of dialysis solution by barrier film 25, pressure transducer can be distinguished directly by the pressure in barrier film 25 measurement filling row passage 1, liquid feeding channel 2, waste discharge passage 3 and mutual pressure reduction.According to the change of pressure differential pressure and cartridge fixed volume, the present invention also can accurately calculate the groundwater increment of dialysis solution, output, and effectively controls the pressure in patient abdominal cavity.
As preferably, described heater 8 comprises to be located in described replaceable cartridge and the water back allowing described dialysis solution to pass through and being located at for the heating plate of the dialysis solution transferring heat in described water back or heating film in described replaceable cartridge, and the inlet of described water back is all connected with described liquid feeding channel with liquid outlet.
The present invention also provides a kind of operational approach of small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine, at least comprises two mode of operations, is specially:
Circulating-heating pattern: regulate the second three-way valve that the first section of liquid feeding channel i.e. the second three-way valve is communicated with circulation canal with the section between dialyzate bag, simultaneously between the section of the second section of liquid feeding channel that is between the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve and the first section and all cut-off between the second section and circulation canal, open heat pump, dialysis solution flows out from dialyzate bag under the effect of heat pump, and flows into heater by inflow liquid feeding channel first section and circulation canal after heater heating;
Fill-up mode: be communicated with the row's of filling passage and human abdominal cavity, regulate the first three-way valve make filling arrange passage with the second section of liquid feeding channel communicate, between waste discharge passage and the second section of liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage and fill with arrange between passage all cut-off, regulate the second three-way valve that the second section of liquid feeding channel is communicated with the first section, open the operative orientation that the row's of filling pump also sets the row's of filling pump, the operative orientation of the row's of filling pump makes dialysis solution by the first section of liquid feeding channel, second three-way valve, second section of liquid feeding channel and the first three-way valve enter the row's of filling passage and flow to the abdominal cavity of human body, thus realize dialysis solution to be injected in human abdominal cavity,
Waste discharge pattern: regulate the first three-way valve to make filling arrange passage and waste discharge channel connection, second section of liquid feeding channel and filling are arranged between passage and between liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage and are cut off, make the rotation direction of filling row pump contrary with the operative orientation under fill-up mode, make Intraabdominal liquid enter waste discharge passage by the row's of filling passage, the first three-way valve and flow out, thus realize Intraabdominal waste liquid to excrete.
As preferably, also comprise overtemperature protection pattern: when the temperature of the dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel or the row's of filling passage is higher than when pouring into the temperature range required, close the row's of filling pump and heater, regulate the first three-way valve, liquid feeding channel is connected with waste discharge passage, simultaneously, fill with row passage with between liquid feeding channel and the row's of filling with passage with between waste discharge passage being communicated be cut off, regulate the second three-way valve that the first section of liquid feeding channel is communicated with the second section, overheated dialysis solution liquid self-feeding passage, three-way valve and waste discharge passage are discharged; Or when the temperature range that the temperature of dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel or the row's of filling passage requires higher than perfusion, enter waste discharge pattern.
As preferably, also there is the pattern of pipeline being carried out to pre-flush before fill-up mode, be specially: regulate the first three-way valve to make the second section of liquid feeding channel arrange passage with filling and be all communicated with waste discharge passage, the second three-way valve is regulated to make the second section of liquid feeding channel, first section and the circulation canal homogeneous phase that communicates leads to dialysis solution and to flow through from dialyzate bag under the effect of heat pump and the row's of filling pump and be full of liquid feeding channel first section, circulation canal, second three-way valve, liquid feeding channel second section, first three-way valve, the row's of filling passage and waste discharge passage are also discharged from the row's of filling passage and waste discharge passage, realize the pre-flush to pipeline.
Under ideal case, make liquid feeding channel, fill with row passage be not communicated with all mutually with waste discharge passage, and close fill with arrange pump.
The present invention also provides the operational approach of another small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine, comprises following operator scheme:
Circulating-heating pattern: regulate the second three-way valve that the first section of liquid feeding channel i.e. the second three-way valve is communicated with circulation canal with the section between dialyzate bag, simultaneously between the section of the second section of liquid feeding channel that is between the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve and the first section, and second is all cut-off between section and circulation canal, open heat pump, dialysis solution flows out from dialyzate bag under the effect of heat pump, flow into heater and after heater heating, flowed into the first section and the circulation canal of liquid feeding channel, Data Control second three-way valve that control device transmits according to the temperature sensor that the first section of liquid feeding channel is arranged, heat pump and heater, in the first section of liquid feeding channel, the temperature of dialysis solution is lower than when pouring into the temperature range required, continue heating, when in the first section of liquid feeding channel, the temperature of dialysis solution meets the temperature range of perfusion requirement, enter fill-up mode,
Fill-up mode: be communicated with the row's of filling passage and human abdominal cavity, regulate the first three-way valve to make filling arrange passage to communicate with the second section of liquid feeding channel, between waste discharge passage and the second section of liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage and fill with arrange between passage all cut-off, regulate the second three-way valve that the second section of liquid feeding channel is communicated with the first section, open the operative orientation that the row's of filling pump also sets the row's of filling pump, dialysis solution contrary to the operative orientation under fill-up mode is by the first section of liquid feeding channel, second three-way valve, second section of liquid feeding channel and the first three-way valve enter the row's of filling passage and flow to the abdominal cavity of human body, thus realize dialysis solution to be injected in human abdominal cavity, pressure and/or the second road pressure transducer of the liquid feeding channel of first via pressure transducer detection simultaneously detect the row's of filling channel pressure and feed back to control device, control device is according to numerical control first three-way valve received, second three-way valve, the action of the row's of filling pump and heat pump,
Waste discharge pattern: when requiring to need to discharge the waste liquid in human abdominal cavity according to treatment, control device regulates the first three-way valve to make filling arrange passage and waste discharge channel connection, second section of liquid feeding channel and filling are arranged between passage and between liquid feeding channel and waste discharge passage and are cut off, make the rotation direction of filling row pump contrary with the operative orientation under fill-up mode, make Intraabdominal liquid enter waste discharge passage by the row's of filling passage, the first three-way valve and flow out, thus realize Intraabdominal waste liquid to excrete.
As preferably, when the pressure of liquid feeding channel and/or the row's of filling channel pressure numerical value reach the first setting value, control device controls small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine and enters waste discharge pattern.
As preferably, control device calculates the pressure of liquid feeding channel and the pressure difference therebetween of the row's of filling passage, when difference is to the second setting value, controls small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine and enters waste discharge pattern.
As preferably, also comprise overtemperature protection pattern: when the temperature range that the temperature of dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel or the row's of filling passage requires higher than perfusion, control device cuts out the row's of filling pump and heater according to the data of temperature sensor feedback, the first three-way valve is regulated liquid feeding channel to be connected with waste discharge passage and filling is arranged between passage and liquid feeding channel and between the row's of filling passage and waste discharge passage to cut off, control device also regulates the second three-way valve that the first section of liquid feeding channel is communicated with the second section simultaneously, make overheated dialysis solution through liquid feeding channel, second three-way valve, first three-way valve and waste discharge passage are discharged, or when the temperature range that the temperature of dialysis solution in liquid feeding channel or the row's of filling passage requires higher than perfusion, control device controls small automatic peritoneal dialysis machine and enters waste discharge pattern.
As preferably, control device calculates the amount of the dialysis solution that each perfusion uses according to the data that the flow transducer on the row's of filling passage and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff transmit and repeatedly pours into the dialysis solution cumulative amount of use, and control device can calculate amount and the repeatedly waste discharge cumulative amount of waste liquid of discharging of the waste liquid that each waste discharge is discharged according to the data that the flow transducer on waste discharge passage and/or weight sensor and/or optical pickocff transmit.
In the present invention, the first setting value, the second setting value and set point can set according to the situation of the basic general knowledge of those skilled in the art and patient.
Above embodiment is only exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and be not used in restriction the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art are in essence of the present invention and protection domain, and the various amendment make the present invention or equivalent replacement also drop in protection scope of the present invention.