技术领域technical field
本方法属于环境工程技术领域，涉及污水处理及中水回用技术，特别涉及一种由活性污泥工艺改造成的微生物燃料电池反应器，用于将现有的活性污泥工艺改造为生物阴极微生物燃料电池，产电同步去除碳氮的污水。The method belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, relates to sewage treatment and reclaimed water reuse technology, and particularly relates to a microbial fuel cell reactor transformed from an activated sludge process, which is used to transform the existing activated sludge process into a biocathode Microbial fuel cells, generating electricity and simultaneously removing carbon and nitrogen from sewage.
背景技术Background technique
我国面临水资源短缺和水污染严重的双重压力，中水回用是解决该问题的有效手段之一。推流式活性污泥法是一种在早期水污染的迫切压力下大量建设运行的主要工艺。直到现在，由于其工艺成熟，运行简单，仍广泛用于各种污水处理，在控制水污染方面发挥着巨大的作用。my country is facing the dual pressure of water shortage and serious water pollution, and reclaimed water reuse is one of the effective means to solve this problem. The plug-flow activated sludge process is a major process that has been constructed and operated in large quantities under the urgent pressure of early water pollution. Until now, due to its mature technology and simple operation, it is still widely used in various sewage treatment and plays a huge role in controlling water pollution.
生物质能是太阳能以化学能形式贮存在生物质中的能量形式，是具有广泛使用价值的新能源。像化石燃料中的石油和天然气一样，废水当中的碳氢化合物也是一种生物质能，蕴含能量。在低能耗和低碳经济的发展趋势下，废水越来越被看作一种能量（有机物）和资源（回用水，N，P）的来源而非废物。Biomass energy is the energy form of solar energy stored in biomass in the form of chemical energy, and it is a new energy source with extensive use value. Like oil and gas in fossil fuels, hydrocarbons in wastewater are a form of biomass, which contains energy. Under the development trend of low energy consumption and low carbon economy, wastewater is increasingly regarded as a source of energy (organic matter) and resources (recycled water, N, P) rather than waste.
然而，好氧的活性污泥工艺，需要消耗大量的能量，其中约有一半的电能输入用于曝气去除废水中的有机物，是一种以能治能的方式，并没有将废水中有机物的这部分能量当做能源回收，存在高能耗，运行成本高的弊端。减小能耗和碳足迹是污水处理厂发展的必然趋势，如果更多更好地获取存在于废水当中的潜在能源，并且同时减少用于水处理投入的能量（运行方式由好氧处理变为厌氧处理），那么废水处理可能变为一种净能量的生产者而非消费者。However, the aerobic activated sludge process consumes a lot of energy, and about half of the electrical energy input is used for aeration to remove organic matter in wastewater. This part of energy is used as energy recovery, which has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and high operating costs. Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint is an inevitable trend in the development of sewage treatment plants. If more and better access to potential energy exists in wastewater, and at the same time reduce the energy used for water treatment (the operation mode is changed from aerobic treatment to anaerobic treatment), then wastewater treatment may become a net energy producer rather than a consumer.
微生物燃料电器技术（MicrobialFuelCell，MFC）是一种将废水看作是能源与资源的载体的厌氧处理技术，利用废水中的有机污染物作为燃料，厌氧条件下阳极电化学活性菌将生物质能一步转化为最清洁的能源—电能，实现废水处理和电能产生的统一。MFC按构型分为双室型和单室型。单室MFC的阴极将电极材料、离子交换膜、隔水层和催化剂各功能集于一体，具有结构简单、内阻小和电子受体不受扩散浓差影响等优点，产电效率高。Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is an anaerobic treatment technology that regards wastewater as a carrier of energy and resources. It uses organic pollutants in wastewater as fuel, and electrochemically active bacteria in the anode under anaerobic conditions transform biomass It can be converted into the cleanest energy in one step—electric energy, and realize the unification of wastewater treatment and electric energy generation. MFC is divided into two-chamber type and single-chamber type according to configuration. The cathode of single-chamber MFC integrates the functions of electrode material, ion exchange membrane, water barrier and catalyst, and has the advantages of simple structure, small internal resistance, electron acceptors not affected by diffusion concentration, etc., and high electricity generation efficiency.
生物阴极微生物燃料电器的阴极微生物可以直接以电极作为电子供体，很好地催化阴极还原反应。且与贵金属催化剂相比，具有成本较低，避免催化剂中毒失效，可以可持续自我更新的优点。Xia等证明生物阴极可以通过被动的氧气扩散产生电能，并且输出功率与Pt电极相当。Wang等设计了一种新型的单室微生物燃料电器，附着生物膜的碳毡既作为生物阴极又作为出水过滤膜，同时阴极生物膜可以进行硝化反硝化进行脱氮。Virdis等研究了生物阴极微生物燃料电器同时脱氮除碳，在阴极，通过外加硝化反应器或者在线曝气实现同步硝化反硝化，实现氮污染物的去除，该研究组提出了阴极生物膜的分层，对于同步硝化反硝化实现氮化合物的去除起决定性的作用。The cathode microorganisms of biocathode microbial fuel appliances can directly use electrodes as electron donors to catalyze the cathode reduction reaction well. And compared with noble metal catalysts, it has the advantages of lower cost, avoiding catalyst poisoning and failure, and sustainable self-renewal. Xia et al. demonstrated that biocathodes can generate electrical energy through passive oxygen diffusion, and the output power is comparable to that of Pt electrodes. Wang et al. designed a new type of single-chamber microbial fuel appliance. The carbon felt attached to the biofilm serves as both a biocathode and a water filtration membrane. At the same time, the cathode biofilm can perform nitrification and denitrification for denitrification. Virdis et al. studied the simultaneous denitrification and carbon removal of biocathode microbial fuel appliances. At the cathode, synchronous nitrification and denitrification were realized by adding an external nitrification reactor or online aeration to achieve the removal of nitrogen pollutants. The research group proposed the analysis of cathode biofilm. layer, which plays a decisive role in the removal of nitrogen compounds by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种由活性污泥工艺改造成的微生物燃料电池反应器，用于回收废水中蕴含的能源，减少能耗，同时完成碳氮污染物的去除。用该方法设计及改造的推流式单室微生物燃料电器，不仅可以免除活性污泥法曝气所需能耗，而且可以将蕴含在废水当中的能量以电能的形式回收；同时生物阴极的生物膜可以过滤出水，也可以利用被动扩散的氧气将氨氮转化为硝氮，利用电极作为电子供体反硝化最终实现氨氮的去除。该发明有利于促进水污染控制技术的节能降耗、实现可持续发展。The object of the present invention is to provide a microbial fuel cell reactor transformed from an activated sludge process, which is used to recover energy contained in waste water, reduce energy consumption, and complete the removal of carbon and nitrogen pollutants at the same time. The plug-flow single-chamber microbial fuel electric appliance designed and modified by this method can not only avoid the energy consumption required for the aeration of the activated sludge method, but also recover the energy contained in the wastewater in the form of electrical energy; The membrane can filter out water, and can also use passively diffused oxygen to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen, and use electrodes as electron donors for denitrification to finally achieve the removal of ammonia nitrogen. The invention is beneficial to promote energy saving and consumption reduction of water pollution control technology and realize sustainable development.
本发明的技术方案是：Technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种由活性污泥工艺改造成的微生物燃料电池反应器，主要用于推流式活性污泥工艺中反应器，具体是将反应器中构成回廊的两道实体隔墙改造为空心隔墙，隔墙的墙壁材料为碳毡，每个碳毡中间夹有耐腐蚀的金属材料作为支撑并用于连接外电路；反应器进水侧的内壁和出水侧的内壁的材料也为碳毡，碳毡上面附着生物膜；两道隔墙将反应器隔成三个回廊。从进水口开始，反应器进水侧的内壁为第1道墙、两道隔墙依次为第2道墙和第3道墙、出水侧的内壁为第4道墙。第1道墙内壁附着产电菌的碳毡作为阳极。第2和3道墙包围的空间可以与外界空气相通，能源源不断地补充更新空气；空心隔墙上部开口处设置封盖，密封时第2道墙和第3道墙的碳毡电极作为阳极；不密封时，第2道墙和第3道墙的碳毡电极一侧接触废水，另一侧接触空气，作为被动氧气扩散MFC的生物阴极。第4道墙也是由碳毡附着微生物，作为生物阴极。第2和3道墙包围的空间同时可以作为集水槽，用于收集经过碳毡生物膜过滤的出水；第4道墙外也设有集水槽，收集经过该墙生物膜过滤的出水。每个集水槽都设有集水槽出水口，避免聚积大量出水，影响电极性能。出水口外设出水溢流堰，采用溢流出水的方式，出水口位于溢流堰液位以下，起到水封作用，避免空气进入整个反应器。A microbial fuel cell reactor transformed from the activated sludge process, mainly used in the reactor of the plug-flow activated sludge process, specifically, the two solid partition walls forming the corridor in the reactor are transformed into hollow partition walls, The wall material of the partition wall is carbon felt, and each carbon felt is sandwiched by a corrosion-resistant metal material as a support and used to connect the external circuit; the inner wall of the reactor water inlet side and the inner wall of the water outlet side are also made of carbon felt, carbon felt Biofilm is attached to it; two partition walls divide the reactor into three corridors. Starting from the water inlet, the inner wall on the water inlet side of the reactor is the first wall, the two partition walls are the second wall and the third wall in turn, and the inner wall on the water outlet side is the fourth wall. The carbon felt with electrogenic bacteria attached to the inner wall of the first wall was used as the anode. The space surrounded by the second and third walls can communicate with the outside air, and the energy source can continuously replenish and update the air; the upper opening of the hollow partition wall is provided with a cover, and the carbon felt electrodes of the second and third walls are used as anodes when sealing. ; when not sealed, the carbon felt electrodes of the 2nd wall and 3rd wall contact the waste water on one side and the air on the other side, serving as the biocathode of the passive oxygen diffusion MFC. The fourth wall is also made of carbon felt with microorganisms attached to it as a bio-cathode. The space surrounded by the second and third walls can also be used as a water collection tank to collect the effluent filtered by the carbon felt biofilm; there is also a water collection tank outside the fourth wall to collect the effluent filtered by the biofilm of the wall. Each water collection tank is equipped with a water collection tank outlet to avoid accumulating a large amount of water and affecting the performance of the electrode. The water outlet is equipped with an outlet overflow weir, which adopts the method of overflowing water, and the water outlet is located below the liquid level of the overflow weir, which acts as a water seal and prevents air from entering the entire reactor.
该改造方法有两种运行方式，一种是第1道墙和第3道墙为阳极，第2道墙和第4道墙为阴极；一种是第1道墙和第2道墙为阳极，第3道墙和第4道墙为阴极。废水从进入口进入反应器，有机物在阳极上降解，产生电子传递到电极上。阴极生物膜内存在氧气梯度，外层生物膜可以利用氧气将氨氮氧化为硝酸氮，硝酸氮可以作为电子受体，通过电极提供的电子进行反硝化脱氮。阴阳极共同作用，最终实现有机物转化为电能和自养反硝化的脱氮的功能。出水也分为两种形式，一为通过碳毡生物膜过滤后收集后经集水槽出水口出水，一为回廊终点溢流水封出水口出水。This transformation method has two modes of operation, one is that the first and third walls are anodes, and the second and fourth walls are cathodes; the other is that the first and second walls are anodes , the third wall and the fourth wall are cathodes. Wastewater enters the reactor from the inlet, and the organic matter is degraded on the anode, and electrons are generated and transferred to the electrode. There is an oxygen gradient in the cathode biofilm, and the outer biofilm can use oxygen to oxidize ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and the nitrate nitrogen can be used as an electron acceptor to denitrify and denitrify through the electrons provided by the electrode. The cathode and anode work together to finally realize the denitrification function of converting organic matter into electrical energy and autotrophic denitrification. The outlet water is also divided into two forms, one is the water outlet through the sump outlet after being collected after being filtered through the carbon felt biofilm, and the other is the outlet water outlet of the overflow water seal at the end of the corridor.
本发明的有益效果是本方法以推流式活性污泥反应器为基础，原位改造简单，方便易行；产电菌生物膜催化阴阳极反应，降解污染物，产生电能，增加了污水处理厂的可持续性；免除了强制曝气，降低电能消耗；隔墙转化为电极，且可以方便改变电极极性；碳材料电极膜出水，出水水质高。该方法有利于促进水污染控制技术的节能降耗、实现可持续发展。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the method is based on a plug-flow activated sludge reactor, and the in-situ transformation is simple and convenient; the biofilm of electrogenic bacteria catalyzes the reaction of cathode and anode, degrades pollutants, generates electric energy, and increases sewage treatment. Sustainability of the plant; forced aeration is eliminated, reducing power consumption; the partition wall is converted into an electrode, and the polarity of the electrode can be easily changed; the carbon material electrode membrane effluents, and the effluent water quality is high. The method is beneficial to promote energy saving and consumption reduction of water pollution control technology and realize sustainable development.
本发明的反应器构造简单，运行灵活，操作方便，在污水处理和中水回用领域中具有广泛的应用前景，如：无排水管网系统的地区，如度假区、旅游风景区；有中水回用需求的地区或场所，如宾馆、洗车业等。The reactor of the present invention is simple in structure, flexible in operation, convenient in operation, and has wide application prospects in the fields of sewage treatment and reclaimed water reuse, such as: areas without drainage pipe network systems, such as resort areas, tourist scenic spots; Areas or places where water reuse is required, such as hotels, car washes, etc.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图是推流式单室微生物燃料电器俯视图。The accompanying drawing is a top view of a push-flow single-chamber microbial fuel electric appliance.
图中：1进水口；2集水槽出水口；3曝气头；4第1道墙；5第2道墙；6碳毡及耐腐蚀的金属材料；7出水溢流堰；8第4道墙；9出水口；10第3道墙；11集水槽。In the figure: 1 water inlet; 2 water outlet of water collection tank; 3 aeration head; 4 first wall; 5 second wall; 6 carbon felt and corrosion-resistant metal materials; 7 outlet overflow weir; 8 fourth road Wall; 9 water outlet; 10 third wall; 11 water tank.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the technical solutions and accompanying drawings.
实施例Example
反应器为推流式活性污泥工艺构造，具体是将反应器中构成回廊的两道实体隔墙改造为空心隔墙，隔墙的墙壁材料为碳毡，每个碳毡中间夹有耐腐蚀的金属材料作为支撑并用于连接外电路；反应器进水侧的内壁和出水侧的内壁的材料也为碳毡，碳毡上面附着生物膜；两道隔墙将反应器隔成三个回廊。从进水口开始，反应器进水侧器内壁为第1道墙、两道隔墙依次为第2道墙和第3道墙、出水侧器内壁为第4道墙。第1道墙内壁附着产电菌的碳毡作为阳极。第2和3道墙包围的空间可以与外界空气相通，能源源不断地补充更新空气；空心隔墙上部开口处设置封盖，密封时，第2道墙和第3道墙的碳毡电极作为阳极；不密封时，第2道墙和第3道墙的碳毡电极一侧接触废水，另一侧接触空气，作为被动氧气扩散MFC的生物阴极。第4道墙也是由碳毡附着微生物，作为生物阴极。第2和3道墙包围的空间同时可以作为集水槽，用于收集经过碳毡生物膜过滤的出水；第4道墙外也设有集水槽，收集经过该墙生物膜过滤的出水。每个集水槽都设有集水槽出水口，避免聚积大量出水，影响电极性能。出水口外设出水溢流堰，采用溢流出水的方式，出水口位于溢流堰液位以下，起到水封作用，避免空气进入整个反应器。The reactor is a plug-flow activated sludge process structure. Specifically, the two solid partition walls forming the corridor in the reactor are transformed into hollow partition walls. The wall material of the partition wall is carbon felt, and each carbon felt is sandwiched with corrosion-resistant The metal material is used as support and used to connect the external circuit; the inner wall of the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the reactor are also made of carbon felt, and biofilm is attached to the carbon felt; two partition walls divide the reactor into three corridors. Starting from the water inlet, the inner wall of the water inlet side of the reactor is the first wall, the two partition walls are the second wall and the third wall in turn, and the inner wall of the water outlet side is the fourth wall. The carbon felt with electrogenic bacteria attached to the inner wall of the first wall was used as the anode. The space surrounded by the second and third walls can be communicated with the outside air, and the energy source can continuously replenish and update the air; the upper opening of the hollow partition wall is provided with a cover. When sealing, the carbon felt electrodes of the second wall and the third wall are used as Anode; when not sealed, the carbon felt electrodes of the 2nd and 3rd walls are in contact with wastewater on one side and air on the other side, serving as biocathode for passive oxygen diffusion MFC. The fourth wall is also made of carbon felt with microorganisms attached to it as a bio-cathode. The space surrounded by the second and third walls can also be used as a water collection tank to collect the effluent filtered by the carbon felt biofilm; there is also a water collection tank outside the fourth wall to collect the effluent filtered by the biofilm of the wall. Each water collection tank is equipped with a water collection tank outlet to avoid accumulating a large amount of water and affecting the performance of the electrode. The water outlet is equipped with an outlet overflow weir, which adopts the method of overflowing water, and the water outlet is located below the liquid level of the overflow weir, which acts as a water seal and prevents air from entering the entire reactor.
处理生活污水水量按1500m3/d计，COD浓度为300mg/L，TN浓度为50mg/L。设计的推流式微生物燃料电器HRT约为12h。具体尺寸为：每个回廊长12m，宽4m，有效水深5m，超高1m，总高6米。出水口位置距器底2.5m，外连接溢流堰，出水口低于溢流水面，水封保持反应器厌氧。碳毡附着生物膜作为电极，且用导线连接于外电路通过电器元件（电阻或电容），器底铺设曝气设施。The amount of treated domestic sewage is calculated as 1500m3 /d, the concentration of COD is 300mg/L, and the concentration of TN is 50mg/L. The HRT of the designed plug-flow microbial fuel electric appliance is about 12h. The specific dimensions are: each corridor is 12m long, 4m wide, effective water depth is 5m, super high is 1m, and the total height is 6m. The water outlet is located 2.5m away from the bottom of the reactor, and the overflow weir is connected to the outside. The water outlet is lower than the overflow water surface, and the water seal keeps the reactor anaerobic. The carbon felt is attached to the biofilm as an electrode, and is connected to the external circuit by wires through electrical components (resistors or capacitors), and aeration facilities are laid on the bottom of the device.
反应器启动：反应器用成熟的产电菌接种（或离线驯化，待产电稳定后安装到墙壁上）。以市政废水作为进水，集中储存在蓄水器中，由进水泵从进水口1以60m3/h的流量进水。其中的有机物作为电子供体，在阳极产电菌的作用下讲解产生电子、质子和二氧化碳；接触空气的碳毡电极为阴极，以氧气或者转化而来的硝氮作为电子受体。在线监测电压，pH，氧化还原电位和DO。Reactor startup: The reactor is inoculated with mature electrogenic bacteria (or domesticated off-line, and installed on the wall after the electricity production is stable). The municipal waste water is used as the influent, which is stored centrally in the reservoir, and the water is inflowed from the water inlet 1 by the inflow pump at a flow rate of 60m3 /h. The organic matter in it is used as an electron donor, which generates electrons, protons and carbon dioxide under the action of anodic electrogenic bacteria; the carbon felt electrode in contact with the air is used as a cathode, and oxygen or converted nitrate nitrogen is used as an electron acceptor. Online monitoring of voltage, pH, redox potential and DO.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310613674.4ACN103715445B (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | A microbial fuel cell reactor transformed from activated sludge process |
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| CN201310613674.4ACN103715445B (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | A microbial fuel cell reactor transformed from activated sludge process |
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| CN201310613674.4AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103715445B (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | A microbial fuel cell reactor transformed from activated sludge process |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20160113 Termination date:20181127 | |
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