技术领域technical field
本发明涉及多通道雷达系统中一种各个通道之间输出波形幅度、频率和相位严格一致的多通道同步激励源系统。The invention relates to a multi-channel synchronous excitation source system in which the output waveform amplitude, frequency and phase of each channel are strictly consistent in a multi-channel radar system.
背景技术Background technique
随着多通道相控阵技术的不断发展进步，对于各个通道输出的波形特性要求越来越严格。对于多通道雷达系统，各个通道输出波形的幅度的一致性，频率的一致性，相位的一致性是衡量一个多通道雷达系统优劣的重要指标。对于雷达的各个通道的输出波形信号的幅度，频率和相位将直接影响整个相控阵雷达系统的波束合成，其一致性不够理想的多通道雷达系统甚至不能够正常的工作。With the continuous development and progress of multi-channel phased array technology, the requirements for the waveform characteristics of each channel output are becoming more and more stringent. For a multi-channel radar system, the consistency of the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the output waveforms of each channel is an important indicator to measure the quality of a multi-channel radar system. The amplitude, frequency and phase of the output waveform signal of each channel of the radar will directly affect the beamforming of the entire phased array radar system, and the multi-channel radar system whose consistency is not ideal can not even work normally.
传统的多通道激励源，主要应用于相控阵系统中。其包括集中式和分布式两种。集中式是指通过一个激励源进行等功分输出，然而由于各个通道之间的长度和材料工艺等有细微的区别而导致通道之间的特性不能够完全一致，从而影响到输出端的雷达波形信号的幅度和相位。而分布式是指每个通道都有独立的源，可以单独调节每个源的参数，因而其较分布式在运用上更加的灵活多变，然而由于源之间是相互独立的，很难使得源同步输出。Traditional multi-channel excitation sources are mainly used in phased array systems. It includes both centralized and distributed. The centralized type refers to the equal-power output through one excitation source. However, due to the subtle differences in the length and material process of each channel, the characteristics of the channels cannot be completely consistent, which affects the radar waveform signal at the output end. amplitude and phase. Distributed means that each channel has an independent source, and the parameters of each source can be adjusted independently, so it is more flexible and changeable than distributed. However, because the sources are independent of each other, it is difficult to make Source synchronous output.
因此无论是集中式的激励源还是分布式的激励源都不能严格保证各个通道之间输出雷达信号波形的幅度、频率和相位特性的一致。Therefore, neither the centralized excitation source nor the distributed excitation source can strictly guarantee the consistency of the amplitude, frequency and phase characteristics of the output radar signal waveform between the various channels.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对上述问题,提供一种多通道同步激励源系统，该系统是在分布式的基础上进行了改进，能够对多通道的雷达系统发射通道之间的幅相特性进行检测和提取，测算出各个通道之间的幅度和相位差，并将其反馈回源端进行调整补偿。因而能够使得多通道系统能够同步输出，保障系统的正常工作。此外，该系统还包含采用GPS信号校准的高精度频率源，以此作为多通道激励源的基准时钟，极大的提高了整个系统的精度和稳定度。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-channel synchronous excitation source system, which is improved on the basis of distribution, and can detect and extract the amplitude and phase characteristics between the transmission channels of the multi-channel radar system, measure and calculate Calculate the amplitude and phase difference between each channel, and feed it back to the source for adjustment and compensation. Therefore, the multi-channel system can be output synchronously, and the normal operation of the system can be guaranteed. In addition, the system also includes a high-precision frequency source calibrated with GPS signals as the reference clock of the multi-channel excitation source, which greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the entire system.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种多通道雷达同步激励源系统，包括高精度频率源系统、多通道雷达信号波形合成系统、检测反馈系统；高精度频率源系统的输出端与多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的输入端连接，多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的输出端通过耦合器与检测反馈系统的输入端连接，检测反馈系统的输出端与多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的输入端连接。A multi-channel radar synchronous excitation source system, including a high-precision frequency source system, a multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system, and a detection feedback system; the output end of the high-precision frequency source system is connected to the input end of the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system, The output end of the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system is connected to the input end of the detection feedback system through a coupler, and the output end of the detection feedback system is connected to the input end of the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system.
所述高精度频率源系统包括GPSOEM板、FPGA芯片、数模转换器、恒温晶The high-precision frequency source system includes GPSOEM board, FPGA chip, digital-to-analog converter, constant temperature crystal
体振荡器OCXO、整形电路、滤波器；GPSOEM板与GPS天线连接，FPGA分别与GPSOEM板、数模转换器、整形电路连接，恒温晶体振荡器OCXO分别与数模转换器、整形电路、滤波器连接；Body oscillator OCXO, shaping circuit, filter; GPSOEM board is connected to GPS antenna, FPGA is connected to GPSOEM board, digital-to-analog converter, and shaping circuit, and constant temperature crystal oscillator OCXO is connected to digital-to-analog converter, shaping circuit, and filter respectively connect;
GPS卫星锁定之后，高精度频率源系统中的GPSOEM板通过捕获的GPS卫星信号产生并输出高精度的秒脉冲信号，秒脉冲信号经过处理比较和逻辑分析校准本地的恒温晶体振荡器OCXO，OCXO的输出信号经过整形电路反馈接入到FPGA芯片，FPGA芯片内部通过程序控制由秒脉冲信号调整数模转换器的输出以控制OCXO，使OCXO输出高精度和稳定度非常高的10MHz的正弦波信号作为多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的基准时钟。After the GPS satellite is locked, the GPSOEM board in the high-precision frequency source system generates and outputs a high-precision second pulse signal through the captured GPS satellite signal. The second pulse signal is processed, compared and logically analyzed to calibrate the local constant temperature crystal oscillator OCXO, the OCXO The output signal is fed back to the FPGA chip through the shaping circuit, and the FPGA chip adjusts the output of the digital-to-analog converter by the second pulse signal to control the OCXO through the program control, so that the OCXO outputs a 10MHz sine wave signal with high precision and high stability as The reference clock of the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system.
所述多通道雷达信号波形合成系统包括USB接口芯片、FPGA芯片、直接频The multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system includes a USB interface chip, an FPGA chip, a direct frequency
率合成器DDS芯片；USB接口芯片、DDS芯片分别与FPGA芯片连接；Rate synthesizer DDS chip; USB interface chip, DDS chip are respectively connected with FPGA chip;
FPGA芯片完成对DDS芯片的时序控制，USB接口芯片通过USB数据线与计算机的USB接口连接；计算机通过USB接口写入命令以控制多通道雷达信号波形合成系统中的FPGA芯片，使DDS芯片输出所需要的雷达信号波形，雷达信号波形的参数包括幅度，频率，相位等。The FPGA chip completes the timing control of the DDS chip, and the USB interface chip is connected to the USB interface of the computer through the USB data line; the computer writes commands through the USB interface to control the FPGA chip in the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system, so that the DDS chip outputs all The required radar signal waveform, the parameters of the radar signal waveform include amplitude, frequency, phase, etc.
所述检测反馈系统包括依次连接的信号调理电路、多通道高速A\D采样芯片、The detection feedback system comprises a signal conditioning circuit connected in sequence, a multi-channel high-speed A\D sampling chip,
FPGA芯片；信号调理电路与耦合器连接；FPGA chip; the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the coupler;
检测反馈系统中的多通道高速A\D采样芯片采用差分输入，并通过定向耦合器耦合各个通道的输出信号，信号调理电路对耦合器的输出信号进行调理；多通道高速A\D采样芯片采集调理后的信号，通过FPGA芯片进行数字信号处理完成对各个通道之间信号的幅度差和相位差的提取并将其反馈回多通道雷达信号波形合成系统；The multi-channel high-speed A\D sampling chip in the detection feedback system adopts differential input, and the output signal of each channel is coupled through a directional coupler, and the signal conditioning circuit conditions the output signal of the coupler; the multi-channel high-speed A\D sampling chip collects The conditioned signal is processed by digital signal processing through the FPGA chip to extract the amplitude difference and phase difference of the signals between each channel and feed it back to the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system;
多通道雷达信号波合成形系统根据检测反馈系统反馈回的差值实时调整DDS芯片输出的各个通道信号的幅度和相位，以使得最终整个多通道雷达系统在输出端是严格同步的，输出的雷达信号波形各个通道之间是严格同频同幅同相的，即是一种多通道的同步激励源。The multi-channel radar signal wave synthesis system adjusts the amplitude and phase of each channel signal output by the DDS chip in real time according to the difference value fed back by the detection feedback system, so that the entire multi-channel radar system is strictly synchronized at the output end, and the output radar Each channel of the signal waveform is strictly the same frequency, amplitude and phase, which is a multi-channel synchronous excitation source.
所述多通道高速A\D采样芯片采用高速LVDS接口电路与FPGA芯片进行数Described multi-channel high-speed A\D sampling chip adopts high-speed LVDS interface circuit and FPGA chip to carry out data
据传送。According to send.
与现有技术相比，本发明可设有多路通道的同步激励源，可同时检测多路通道输出端的相位幅度差值，任意两个通道均可以单独使用。可以严格保证整个多通道雷达系统输出的雷达信号波形各个通道之间是同频同幅同相的。在同频同幅同相的基础上还可以任意设置各个通道之间的相对幅度，频率和相位，以使得调整输出可以更加的灵活多变。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can be provided with synchronous excitation sources of multiple channels, and can simultaneously detect the phase amplitude difference at the output ends of multiple channels, and any two channels can be used independently. It can strictly guarantee that each channel of the radar signal waveform output by the entire multi-channel radar system is the same frequency, amplitude and phase. On the basis of the same frequency, same amplitude and same phase, the relative amplitude, frequency and phase of each channel can be set arbitrarily, so that the output can be adjusted more flexibly.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的整体系统框图；Fig. 1 is overall system block diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明的系统工作流程图；Fig. 2 is a system work flowchart of the present invention;
图3是本发明的高精度频率源系统框图；Fig. 3 is a high-precision frequency source system block diagram of the present invention;
图4是本发明的多通道雷达信号波形合成系统框图；Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system of the present invention;
图5是本发明的多通道雷达信号波形合成系统中DDS及相应的外围电路原理图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of DDS and corresponding peripheral circuits in the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system of the present invention;
图6是本发明的多通道雷达信号波形合成系统中FPGA时序逻辑控制的顶层原理框图；Fig. 6 is the top-level functional block diagram of FPGA sequential logic control in the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system of the present invention;
图7是本发明的检测反馈系统框图。Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the detection feedback system of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图及产生五路通道的同步激励源的实施例，对本发明作进一步详细的描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and an embodiment of a synchronous excitation source generating five channels.
参见图1，本发明包括高精度频率源系统、多通道雷达信号波形合成系统、检测反馈系统；高精度频率源系统的输出端与多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的输入端连接，多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的输出端通过耦合器与检测反馈系统的输入端连接，检测反馈系统的输出端与多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的输入端连接。各个系统之间的连接方式如图1所示。高精度频率源系统通过捕获的GPS卫星信号校准本地的恒温晶体振荡器，使得最终输出高精度的10MHz的正弦波信号作为多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的基准时钟。多通道雷达信号波形合成系统完成雷达波形的直接合成和输出。检测反馈系统通过耦合器采集各个通道的输出信号，通过一系列数字信号处理的算法完成各个通道波形参数信息的提取并反馈回多通道雷达信号波形合成系统进行通道补偿，以保证最终多通道雷达信号系统在输出端是严格同步的，即整个多通道雷达系统输出的雷达信号波形各个通道之间是同幅同频同相的。Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention comprises high-precision frequency source system, multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system, detection feedback system; The output end of high-precision frequency source system is connected with the input end of multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system, and multi-channel radar signal The output end of the waveform synthesis system is connected to the input end of the detection feedback system through a coupler, and the output end of the detection feedback system is connected to the input end of the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system. The connections between the various systems are shown in Figure 1. The high-precision frequency source system calibrates the local constant temperature crystal oscillator through the captured GPS satellite signal, so that the final high-precision 10MHz sine wave signal is output as the reference clock of the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system. The multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system completes the direct synthesis and output of radar waveforms. The detection feedback system collects the output signals of each channel through the coupler, completes the extraction of waveform parameter information of each channel through a series of digital signal processing algorithms, and feeds back to the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system for channel compensation to ensure the final multi-channel radar signal The system is strictly synchronized at the output end, that is, the radar signal waveforms output by the entire multi-channel radar system are of the same amplitude, frequency and phase among the channels.
图2为整个系统的工作流程图。在系统上电之后，系统将自动锁定GPS卫星，计算机人机交互操作界面完成通过USB总线直接写入底层DDS控制参数的功能，以使得本系统输出所需要的雷达波形信号。耦合器耦合输出的波形信号经过检测反馈系统的多通道高速A\D采样，之后经过一系列数字信号处理技术完成各个通道波形参数（幅度、相位）的提取与判决，若各个通道幅度相位一致，则多通道雷达信号波形合成系统输出信号；若各个通道幅度相位不一致，则分别对每一路通道进行幅相校准，并更新DDS的相应的控制字。最终多通道雷达信号系统在输出端是严格同步的。Figure 2 is the workflow diagram of the whole system. After the system is powered on, the system will automatically lock the GPS satellite, and the computer human-computer interaction interface completes the function of directly writing the underlying DDS control parameters through the USB bus, so that the system can output the required radar waveform signal. The waveform signal coupled by the coupler is sampled by the multi-channel high-speed A\D of the detection feedback system, and then through a series of digital signal processing techniques to complete the extraction and judgment of the waveform parameters (amplitude, phase) of each channel. If the amplitude and phase of each channel are consistent, Then the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system outputs signals; if the amplitude and phase of each channel are inconsistent, the amplitude and phase of each channel are calibrated separately, and the corresponding control word of DDS is updated. The resulting multi-channel radar signal system is strictly synchronized at the output.
本系统在同频同幅同相的基础上还可以任意设置各个通道之间的相对幅度，频率和相位，以使得输出雷达信号波形更加的灵活多变。On the basis of the same frequency, same amplitude and same phase, this system can also set the relative amplitude, frequency and phase of each channel arbitrarily, so as to make the output radar signal waveform more flexible and changeable.
图3是本系统中高精度频率源系统的系统框图，高精度频率源系统通过捕获的GPS卫星信号产生精准的秒脉冲信号经过一系列的处理比较和逻辑分析校准本地的恒温晶体振荡器OCXO，输出精度和稳定度非常高的10MHz基准时钟。Figure 3 is the system block diagram of the high-precision frequency source system in this system. The high-precision frequency source system generates accurate second pulse signals through the captured GPS satellite signals. 10MHz reference clock with very high precision and stability.
高精度频率源系统包括GPSOEM板、FPGA芯片、数模转换器、恒温晶体振荡器OCXO、整形电路、滤波器；GPSOEM板与GPS天线连接，FPGA分别与GPSOEM板、数模转换器、整形电路连接，恒温晶体振荡器OCXO分别与数模转换器、整形电路、滤波器连接；The high-precision frequency source system includes GPSOEM board, FPGA chip, digital-to-analog converter, constant temperature crystal oscillator OCXO, shaping circuit, and filter; the GPSOEM board is connected to the GPS antenna, and the FPGA is connected to the GPSOEM board, digital-to-analog converter, and shaping circuit , the constant temperature crystal oscillator OCXO is respectively connected with the digital-to-analog converter, the shaping circuit, and the filter;
GPS卫星锁定之后，高精度频率源系统中的GPSOEM板通过捕获的GPS卫星信号产生并输出高精度的秒脉冲信号，秒脉冲信号经过处理比较和逻辑分析校准本地的恒温晶体振荡器OCXO，OCXO的输出信号经过整形电路反馈接入到FPGA芯片，FPGA芯片内部通过程序控制由秒脉冲信号调整数模转换器的输出以控制OCXO，使OCXO输出高精度和稳定度非常高的10MHz的正弦波信号作为多通道雷达信号波形合成系统的基准时钟。After the GPS satellite is locked, the GPSOEM board in the high-precision frequency source system generates and outputs a high-precision second pulse signal through the captured GPS satellite signal. The second pulse signal is processed, compared and logically analyzed to calibrate the local constant temperature crystal oscillator OCXO, the OCXO The output signal is fed back to the FPGA chip through the shaping circuit, and the FPGA chip adjusts the output of the digital-to-analog converter by the second pulse signal to control the OCXO through the program control, so that the OCXO outputs a 10MHz sine wave signal with high precision and high stability as The reference clock of the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system.
图4是本系统多通道雷达信号波形合成系统框图，通过USB总线可以直接控制DDS输出各种所需的雷达波形信号。Figure 4 is a block diagram of the system's multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system. The DDS can be directly controlled to output various required radar waveform signals through the USB bus.
多通道雷达信号波形合成系统包括USB接口芯片、FPGA芯片、直接频率合成器DDS芯片；USB接口芯片、DDS芯片分别与FPGA芯片连接；FPGA芯片完成对DDS芯片的时序控制，USB接口芯片通过USB数据线与计算机的USB接口连接；计算机通过USB接口控制多通道雷达信号波形合成系统中的FPGA芯片，使DDS芯片输出所需要的雷达信号波形。The multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system includes a USB interface chip, an FPGA chip, and a direct frequency synthesizer DDS chip; the USB interface chip and the DDS chip are respectively connected to the FPGA chip; the FPGA chip completes the timing control of the DDS chip, and the USB interface chip passes the USB data The cable is connected to the USB interface of the computer; the computer controls the FPGA chip in the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system through the USB interface, so that the DDS chip outputs the required radar signal waveform.
图5是本发明的多通道雷达信号波形合成系统中DDS及后级放大滤波等外围电路原理图，图中是多通道中的某一个通道，其他通道与之类似。5 is a schematic diagram of peripheral circuits such as DDS and post-stage amplification and filtering in the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system of the present invention. In the figure, it is a certain channel in the multi-channel, and other channels are similar to it.
图6是本发明的多通道雷达信号波形合成系统中FPGA时序逻辑控制的顶层原理框图。Fig. 6 is a top-level functional block diagram of FPGA sequential logic control in the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system of the present invention.
图7是本发明的检测反馈系统框图，通过耦合器耦合各个通道输出的波形信号，再经过高速A\D采样，在FPGA内部完成一系列的数字信号处理，提取各个通道的特性参数并将其反馈回多通道雷达波形信号合成系统，调整输出使得整个多通道雷达系统输出的雷达信号波形各个通道之间是严格同幅同频同相的。Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the detection feedback system of the present invention, the waveform signals output by each channel are coupled by a coupler, and then through high-speed A\D sampling, a series of digital signal processing is completed inside the FPGA, and the characteristic parameters of each channel are extracted and analyzed. Feedback to the multi-channel radar waveform signal synthesis system, adjust the output so that the radar signal waveforms output by the entire multi-channel radar system are strictly the same amplitude, frequency and phase.
检测反馈系统包括依次连接的信号调理电路、多通道高速A\D采样芯片、FPGA芯片；信号调理电路与耦合器连接；检测反馈系统中的多通道高速A\D采样芯片采用差分输入，并通过定向耦合器耦合通道信号，信号调理电路对耦合器的输出信号进行调理；多通道高速A\D采样芯片采集调理后的信号，通过FPGA芯片进行数字信号处理完成对各个通道之间信号的幅度差和相位差的提取并将其反馈回多通道雷达信号波形合成系统，多通道雷达信号波合成形系统根据反馈回的差值实时调整各个通道输出信号的幅度和相位，以使得最终整个多通道雷达系统输出的雷达信号波形各个通道之间是严格同频同幅同相的，即是一种多通道的同步激励源。The detection feedback system includes a signal conditioning circuit, a multi-channel high-speed A\D sampling chip, and an FPGA chip connected in sequence; the signal conditioning circuit is connected with a coupler; the multi-channel high-speed A\D sampling chip in the detection feedback system adopts differential input, and passes The directional coupler couples the channel signal, and the signal conditioning circuit adjusts the output signal of the coupler; the multi-channel high-speed A\D sampling chip collects the conditioned signal, and performs digital signal processing through the FPGA chip to complete the signal amplitude difference between each channel The sum and phase difference are extracted and fed back to the multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system. The multi-channel radar signal waveform synthesis system adjusts the amplitude and phase of each channel output signal in real time according to the feedback difference, so that the final multi-channel radar Each channel of the radar signal waveform output by the system is strictly the same frequency, amplitude and phase, which is a multi-channel synchronous excitation source.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410006443.1ACN103713279B (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2014-01-07 | A kind of multi-channel synchronization excitation source system |
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| CN201410006443.1AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103713279B (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2014-01-07 | A kind of multi-channel synchronization excitation source system |
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